@intentsolutions/blueprint 2.0.0 → 2.1.0

package/templates/core/06_architecture.md

@@ -0,0 +1,561 @@
+# 🏛️ System Architecture Design
+
+**Metadata**
+- Last Updated: {{DATE}}
+- Maintainer: AI-Dev Toolkit
+
+> **🎯 Purpose**
+> Comprehensive system architecture specification covering technical design, security framework, performance requirements, and scalability considerations. This template ensures robust, maintainable, and enterprise-ready system design.
+
+---
+
+## 🔍 1. Architecture Context & Constraints
+
+### 1.1 Business Context
+**System Purpose:** _{High-level description of what the system does and why it exists}_
+**Business Drivers:**
+- **Scalability:** Support 10x user growth over 3 years
+- **Reliability:** 99.9% uptime SLA for critical operations
+- **Security:** Enterprise-grade data protection and compliance
+- **Performance:** Sub-200ms response times for core operations
+
+**Success Criteria:**
+- Handle 100K concurrent users
+- Process 1M transactions per day
+- Support global deployment across 3 regions
+- Maintain <2 second page load times
+
+### 1.2 Technical Constraints
+**Technology Stack Constraints:**
+- **Platform:** Cloud-native, containerized architecture
+- **Languages:** TypeScript/JavaScript, Python for data processing
+- **Databases:** PostgreSQL primary, Redis caching, Elasticsearch search
+- **Infrastructure:** AWS/Azure/GCP with Kubernetes orchestration
+
+**Integration Requirements:**
+- **External APIs:** Payment processors, authentication providers, analytics
+- **Legacy Systems:** Enterprise resource planning, customer relationship management
+- **Data Sources:** Internal databases, third-party data feeds, user-generated content
+
+**Compliance Requirements:**
+- **Data Privacy:** GDPR, CCPA compliance
+- **Security Standards:** SOC 2 Type II, ISO 27001
+- **Industry Regulations:** PCI DSS for payments, HIPAA for healthcare data
+
+### 1.3 Quality Attributes
+| Quality Attribute | Requirement | Measurement | Priority |
+|-------------------|-------------|-------------|----------|
+| **Performance** | 95th percentile <200ms | Response time monitoring | High |
+| **Availability** | 99.9% uptime | SLA monitoring | Critical |
+| **Scalability** | 10x capacity growth | Load testing | High |
+| **Security** | Zero data breaches | Security audits | Critical |
+| **Maintainability** | <2 week feature cycle | Development velocity | Medium |
+| **Usability** | <3 clicks to core action | User analytics | High |
+
+---
+
+## 🏗️ 2. System Architecture Overview
+
+### 2.1 High-Level Architecture
+```mermaid
+graph TB
+    User[Users] --> CDN[CDN/Edge Cache]
+    CDN --> LB[Load Balancer]
+    LB --> API[API Gateway]
+
+    API --> Auth[Auth Service]
+    API --> Core[Core Services]
+    API --> Data[Data Services]
+
+    Core --> Cache[Redis Cache]
+    Core --> Queue[Message Queue]
+    Core --> DB[(Primary Database)]
+
+    Data --> Search[(Search Engine)]
+    Data --> Analytics[(Analytics DB)]
+    Data --> External[External APIs]
+
+    Monitor[Monitoring] --> Core
+    Monitor --> Data
+    Monitor --> DB
+```
+
+### 2.2 Architectural Patterns
+**Primary Patterns:**
+- **Microservices:** Domain-driven service decomposition
+- **Event-Driven:** Asynchronous communication via message queues
+- **CQRS:** Command Query Responsibility Segregation for read/write optimization
+- **API Gateway:** Centralized API management and security
+
+**Supporting Patterns:**
+- **Circuit Breaker:** Fault tolerance for external dependencies
+- **Bulkhead:** Resource isolation to prevent cascade failures
+- **Saga:** Distributed transaction management
+- **Backend for Frontend (BFF):** Optimized APIs per client type
+
+### 2.3 Technology Stack
+**Frontend Layer:**
+- **Framework:** React 18 with TypeScript
+- **State Management:** Redux Toolkit + RTK Query
+- **UI Components:** Custom design system built on TailwindCSS
+- **Build Tools:** Vite for development, Webpack for production
+- **Testing:** Jest + React Testing Library + Cypress
+
+**Backend Services:**
+- **API Framework:** Node.js with Express/Fastify
+- **Language:** TypeScript for type safety
+- **Authentication:** OAuth 2.0 + JWT with refresh tokens
+- **Documentation:** OpenAPI 3.0 with automated generation
+
+**Data Layer:**
+- **Primary Database:** PostgreSQL 14+ with read replicas
+- **Caching:** Redis 7+ with clustering
+- **Search:** Elasticsearch 8+ for full-text search
+- **Message Queue:** Apache Kafka for event streaming
+- **File Storage:** AWS S3/Azure Blob with CDN
+
+**Infrastructure:**
+- **Containerization:** Docker with multi-stage builds
+- **Orchestration:** Kubernetes with Helm charts
+- **Service Mesh:** Istio for traffic management and security
+- **Monitoring:** Prometheus + Grafana + Jaeger tracing
+
+---
+
+## 🔐 3. Security Architecture
+
+### 3.1 Security Framework
+**Defense in Depth Strategy:**
+```
+Internet → WAF → Load Balancer → API Gateway → Services → Database
+    ↓         ↓         ↓            ↓          ↓         ↓
+  DDoS    SSL/TLS   Rate Limit   AuthN/AuthZ  RBAC   Encryption
+ Protection  Term.   + Firewall  + Validation        at Rest
+```
+
+**Security Layers:**
+1. **Network Security:** WAF, DDoS protection, VPN access
+2. **Application Security:** Input validation, output encoding, CSRF protection
+3. **Data Security:** Encryption at rest and in transit, key management
+4. **Identity Security:** Multi-factor authentication, role-based access control
+5. **Infrastructure Security:** Container scanning, vulnerability management
+
+### 3.2 Authentication & Authorization
+**Authentication Flow:**
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    User->>+Frontend: Login Request
+    Frontend->>+API Gateway: Credentials
+    API Gateway->>+Auth Service: Validate
+    Auth Service->>+Identity Provider: Verify
+    Identity Provider-->>-Auth Service: User Info
+    Auth Service-->>-API Gateway: JWT + Refresh Token
+    API Gateway-->>-Frontend: Tokens + User Info
+    Frontend-->>-User: Authenticated Session
+```
+
+**Authorization Model:**
+- **Role-Based Access Control (RBAC):** Hierarchical permissions
+- **Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC):** Dynamic policy evaluation
+- **Resource-Level Permissions:** Fine-grained access control
+- **API Rate Limiting:** Per-user and per-endpoint limits
+
+### 3.3 Data Protection
+**Encryption Standards:**
+- **Data in Transit:** TLS 1.3 for all communications
+- **Data at Rest:** AES-256 encryption for databases and storage
+- **Key Management:** Hardware Security Modules (HSM) or cloud KMS
+- **Secrets Management:** Kubernetes secrets + external secret stores
+
+**Privacy Controls:**
+- **Data Classification:** Public, Internal, Confidential, Restricted
+- **Data Retention:** Automated deletion based on policy
+- **Data Anonymization:** PII removal for analytics and testing
+- **Consent Management:** Granular consent tracking and enforcement
+
+### 3.4 Security Monitoring
+**Security Information and Event Management (SIEM):**
+- **Log Aggregation:** Centralized logging with correlation rules
+- **Threat Detection:** Behavioral analysis and anomaly detection
+- **Incident Response:** Automated alerting and response playbooks
+- **Compliance Monitoring:** Continuous compliance validation
+
+**Security Metrics:**
+| Metric | Target | Current | Alert Threshold |
+|--------|--------|---------|-----------------|
+| **Failed Login Attempts** | <5% | 2.1% | >10% |
+| **API Security Violations** | 0 | 0 | >0 |
+| **Vulnerability Scan Score** | A+ | A | <A |
+| **Security Training Completion** | 100% | 95% | <90% |
+
+---
+
+## ⚡ 4. Performance Architecture
+
+### 4.1 Performance Requirements
+**Response Time Targets:**
+| Operation Type | Target | Percentile | SLA |
+|----------------|--------|------------|-----|
+| **Page Load** | <2s | 95th | 99% |
+| **API Calls** | <200ms | 95th | 99.5% |
+| **Search** | <500ms | 90th | 99% |
+| **File Upload** | <5s | 95th | 95% |
+
+**Throughput Requirements:**
+- **Concurrent Users:** 100,000 peak
+- **API Requests:** 10,000 req/sec
+- **Database Queries:** 50,000 queries/sec
+- **File Processing:** 1,000 files/min
+
+### 4.2 Performance Optimization Strategy
+**Frontend Optimization:**
+- **Code Splitting:** Dynamic imports for route-based chunking
+- **Bundle Optimization:** Tree shaking, minification, compression
+- **Caching Strategy:** Service workers for offline functionality
+- **CDN Distribution:** Global edge caching for static assets
+
+**Backend Optimization:**
+- **Database Optimization:** Query optimization, indexing strategy
+- **Caching Layers:** Redis for session data, application cache
+- **Connection Pooling:** Optimized database connection management
+- **Asynchronous Processing:** Background job processing
+
+**Infrastructure Optimization:**
+- **Auto-scaling:** Horizontal pod autoscaling based on metrics
+- **Load Balancing:** Intelligent traffic distribution
+- **Resource Allocation:** CPU/memory optimization per service
+- **Network Optimization:** Service mesh for optimized routing
+
+### 4.3 Caching Strategy
+**Multi-Level Caching:**
+```
+Browser Cache → CDN Cache → API Gateway Cache → Application Cache → Database Cache
+     ↓              ↓              ↓                ↓               ↓
+   1 hour      24 hours       5 minutes        15 minutes    Query-specific
+```
+
+**Cache Implementation:**
+| Layer | Technology | TTL | Strategy |
+|-------|------------|-----|----------|
+| **Browser** | HTTP Cache Headers | 1 hour | Static assets |
+| **CDN** | CloudFlare/CloudFront | 24 hours | Global distribution |
+| **API Gateway** | Built-in cache | 5 minutes | Response caching |
+| **Application** | Redis Cluster | 15 minutes | Session + data |
+| **Database** | Query cache | Dynamic | Query optimization |
+
+### 4.4 Performance Monitoring
+**Key Performance Indicators:**
+- **Application Performance Monitoring (APM):** New Relic/DataDog
+- **Real User Monitoring (RUM):** User experience metrics
+- **Synthetic Monitoring:** Automated performance testing
+- **Infrastructure Monitoring:** Resource utilization tracking
+
+**Performance Metrics Dashboard:**
+```yaml
+metrics:
+  response_time:
+    p50: <100ms
+    p95: <200ms
+    p99: <500ms
+
+  throughput:
+    requests_per_second: target_10k
+    concurrent_users: target_100k
+
+  error_rates:
+    4xx_errors: <2%
+    5xx_errors: <0.1%
+
+  infrastructure:
+    cpu_utilization: <70%
+    memory_utilization: <80%
+    disk_utilization: <85%
+```
+
+---
+
+## 📈 5. Scalability & High Availability
+
+### 5.1 Scalability Design
+**Horizontal Scaling Strategy:**
+- **Stateless Services:** All application services designed stateless
+- **Database Scaling:** Read replicas + sharding strategy
+- **Auto-scaling:** Kubernetes HPA based on CPU/memory/custom metrics
+- **Global Distribution:** Multi-region deployment with data replication
+
+**Scaling Triggers:**
+| Metric | Scale Up Threshold | Scale Down Threshold | Min/Max Replicas |
+|--------|-------------------|---------------------|------------------|
+| **CPU Usage** | >70% for 5 min | <30% for 10 min | 2/20 |
+| **Memory Usage** | >80% for 5 min | <40% for 10 min | 2/20 |
+| **Request Rate** | >80% capacity | <40% capacity | 2/50 |
+| **Queue Length** | >1000 messages | <100 messages | 1/10 |
+
+### 5.2 High Availability Architecture
+**Availability Zones:**
+```
+Region A (Primary)     Region B (Secondary)     Region C (DR)
+     ├─ AZ-1               ├─ AZ-1                ├─ AZ-1
+     ├─ AZ-2               ├─ AZ-2                └─ AZ-2
+     └─ AZ-3               └─ AZ-3
+```
+
+**Failover Strategy:**
+- **Active-Active:** Primary regions serve traffic simultaneously
+- **Active-Passive:** Secondary region for disaster recovery
+- **Database Replication:** Streaming replication with automatic failover
+- **Health Checks:** Comprehensive service health monitoring
+
+### 5.3 Disaster Recovery Plan
+**Recovery Time Objectives (RTO):**
+- **Critical Services:** 15 minutes
+- **Standard Services:** 1 hour
+- **Non-critical Services:** 4 hours
+
+**Recovery Point Objectives (RPO):**
+- **Transactional Data:** 5 minutes (sync replication)
+- **User Data:** 15 minutes (async replication)
+- **Analytics Data:** 1 hour (batch replication)
+
+**Backup Strategy:**
+- **Database Backups:** Continuous WAL backup + daily full backup
+- **File Storage:** Cross-region replication with versioning
+- **Configuration:** GitOps with infrastructure as code
+- **Testing:** Monthly disaster recovery drills
+
+---
+
+## 🔄 6. Data Architecture
+
+### 6.1 Data Model Design
+**Domain-Driven Design:**
+```mermaid
+erDiagram
+    User ||--o{ Order : places
+    User ||--o{ Profile : has
+    Order ||--o{ OrderItem : contains
+    Order }|--|| Payment : has
+    Product ||--o{ OrderItem : included_in
+    Product }|--|| Category : belongs_to
+```
+
+**Data Partitioning Strategy:**
+- **Horizontal Partitioning:** Time-based partitioning for logs/events
+- **Vertical Partitioning:** Feature-based service databases
+- **Sharding:** User-based sharding for high-volume tables
+- **Archival:** Cold storage for historical data
+
+### 6.2 Data Flow Architecture
+**Data Pipeline:**
+```mermaid
+graph LR
+    Source[Data Sources] --> Ingestion[Data Ingestion]
+    Ingestion --> Processing[Stream Processing]
+    Processing --> Storage[(Data Lake)]
+    Storage --> Analytics[Analytics Engine]
+    Analytics --> Visualization[Dashboards]
+
+    Processing --> OLTP[(OLTP Database)]
+    Storage --> OLAP[(OLAP Database)]
+```
+
+**Real-time Processing:**
+- **Event Streaming:** Kafka for real-time data streams
+- **Stream Processing:** Apache Kafka Streams for real-time analytics
+- **Change Data Capture:** Database change event streaming
+- **Event Sourcing:** Immutable event log for audit trails
+
+### 6.3 Data Security & Governance
+**Data Classification:**
+- **Public:** Marketing content, documentation
+- **Internal:** Business metrics, non-sensitive user data
+- **Confidential:** User PII, financial data
+- **Restricted:** Payment information, authentication data
+
+**Data Governance Framework:**
+- **Data Lineage:** Track data flow and transformations
+- **Data Quality:** Automated data validation and monitoring
+- **Access Control:** Fine-grained permissions per data classification
+- **Retention Policies:** Automated data lifecycle management
+
+---
+
+## 🛠️ 7. DevOps & Deployment Architecture
+
+### 7.1 CI/CD Pipeline
+**Development Workflow:**
+```mermaid
+graph LR
+    Dev[Developer] --> Git[Git Repository]
+    Git --> CI[Continuous Integration]
+    CI --> Test[Automated Testing]
+    Test --> Build[Build & Package]
+    Build --> Deploy[Continuous Deployment]
+    Deploy --> Monitor[Monitoring & Alerts]
+```
+
+**Pipeline Stages:**
+1. **Source Control:** Git with feature branch workflow
+2. **Build:** Docker multi-stage builds with layer caching
+3. **Test:** Unit, integration, security, and performance tests
+4. **Security Scan:** Container and dependency vulnerability scanning
+5. **Deploy:** Blue-green deployment with automated rollback
+6. **Validate:** Health checks and smoke tests
+
+### 7.2 Infrastructure as Code
+**IaC Stack:**
+- **Infrastructure:** Terraform for cloud resource provisioning
+- **Configuration:** Ansible for server configuration management
+- **Orchestration:** Kubernetes with Helm for application deployment
+- **GitOps:** ArgoCD for declarative deployment management
+
+**Environment Strategy:**
+| Environment | Purpose | Auto-Deploy | Data |
+|-------------|---------|-------------|------|
+| **Development** | Feature development | Yes | Synthetic |
+| **Staging** | Integration testing | Yes | Anonymized production |
+| **Pre-Production** | Performance testing | Manual | Production mirror |
+| **Production** | Live system | Manual | Real data |
+
+### 7.3 Monitoring & Observability
+**Observability Stack:**
+- **Metrics:** Prometheus + Grafana for system metrics
+- **Logging:** ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana)
+- **Tracing:** Jaeger for distributed tracing
+- **APM:** Application Performance Monitoring tools
+
+**Monitoring Strategy:**
+```yaml
+monitoring:
+  infrastructure:
+    - cpu_usage
+    - memory_usage
+    - disk_usage
+    - network_io
+
+  application:
+    - response_times
+    - error_rates
+    - throughput
+    - user_sessions
+
+  business:
+    - conversion_rates
+    - user_engagement
+    - revenue_metrics
+    - feature_adoption
+
+alerts:
+  critical:
+    - system_down
+    - data_breach
+    - payment_failures
+
+  warning:
+    - high_error_rate
+    - slow_response_time
+    - resource_exhaustion
+```
+
+---
+
+## 📋 8. Architecture Decision Records
+
+### 8.1 Key Architectural Decisions
+#### ADR-001: Microservices vs Monolith
+**Decision:** Adopt microservices architecture
+**Rationale:** Team scalability, technology diversity, fault isolation
+**Trade-offs:** Increased complexity for operational benefits
+
+#### ADR-002: Database Strategy
+**Decision:** PostgreSQL primary with domain-specific databases
+**Rationale:** ACID compliance, mature ecosystem, SQL familiarity
+**Trade-offs:** Potential scaling challenges vs consistency benefits
+
+#### ADR-003: Frontend Framework
+**Decision:** React with TypeScript
+**Rationale:** Team expertise, ecosystem maturity, performance
+**Trade-offs:** Bundle size vs developer productivity
+
+### 8.2 Technology Evaluation Matrix
+| Technology Choice | Alternatives Considered | Decision Factors | Confidence Level |
+|-------------------|------------------------|------------------|------------------|
+| **React** | Vue.js, Angular | Team skills, ecosystem | High |
+| **PostgreSQL** | MySQL, MongoDB | ACID, SQL support | High |
+| **Kubernetes** | Docker Swarm, ECS | Feature richness, community | Medium |
+| **TypeScript** | JavaScript, Flow | Type safety, tooling | High |
+
+---
+
+## 🎯 9. Implementation Roadmap
+
+### 9.1 Architecture Evolution
+**Phase 1: Foundation (Months 1-3)**
+- Core services implementation
+- Basic security framework
+- CI/CD pipeline setup
+- Monitoring foundation
+
+**Phase 2: Scale (Months 4-6)**
+- Performance optimization
+- Auto-scaling implementation
+- Advanced security features
+- Multi-region deployment
+
+**Phase 3: Optimize (Months 7-12)**
+- Advanced analytics
+- Machine learning integration
+- Edge computing capabilities
+- Advanced automation
+
+### 9.2 Migration Strategy
+**Strangler Fig Pattern:**
+1. **Parallel Implementation:** New services alongside legacy
+2. **Gradual Migration:** Feature-by-feature transition
+3. **Legacy Retirement:** Phase out old systems
+4. **Data Migration:** Zero-downtime data transition
+
+### 9.3 Success Metrics
+| Phase | Key Metrics | Success Criteria |
+|-------|-------------|------------------|
+| **Foundation** | System uptime, basic functionality | 99% uptime, core features working |
+| **Scale** | Performance, user capacity | <200ms response, 10K users |
+| **Optimize** | Efficiency, advanced features | 50% cost reduction, ML features live |
+
+---
+
+## 📚 10. Architecture Documentation
+
+### 10.1 Documentation Standards
+**Required Documentation:**
+- [ ] Architecture diagrams (C4 model)
+- [ ] API specifications (OpenAPI)
+- [ ] Database schema documentation
+- [ ] Security model documentation
+- [ ] Deployment runbooks
+- [ ] Disaster recovery procedures
+
+### 10.2 Architecture Review Process
+**Review Cycle:**
+- **Weekly:** Technical design reviews
+- **Monthly:** Architecture health assessment
+- **Quarterly:** Strategic architecture review
+- **Annually:** Complete architecture audit
+
+**Review Checklist:**
+- [ ] Performance requirements met
+- [ ] Security standards followed
+- [ ] Scalability requirements addressed
+- [ ] Maintainability ensured
+- [ ] Documentation updated
+
+---
+
+**🏛️ Architecture Success Criteria:**
+- System handles target load (100K users)
+- Security requirements met (zero breaches)
+- Performance SLAs achieved (99.9% uptime)
+- Scalability demonstrated (10x growth ready)
+- Team productivity maintained (2-week feature cycles)
+
+**Next Steps:** Implement architecture foundation and proceed to frontend specification (16_frontend_spec.md).