@baimingtao/lbs-agent 1.0.0

package/extensions/skills/builtin/creative/manim-video/references/equations.md

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+# 公式与 LaTeX 参考
+
+## 基础 LaTeX
+
+```python
+eq = MathTex(r"E = mc^2")
+eq = MathTex(r"f(x) &= x^2 + 2x + 1 \\ &= (x + 1)^2")  # multi-line aligned
+```
+
+**务必使用原始字符串 (`r""`)。**
+
+## 逐步推导
+
+```python
+step1 = MathTex(r"a^2 + b^2 = c^2")
+step2 = MathTex(r"a^2 = c^2 - b^2")
+self.play(Write(step1), run_time=1.5)
+self.wait(1.5)
+self.play(TransformMatchingTex(step1, step2), run_time=1.5)
+```
+
+## 选择性着色
+
+```python
+eq = MathTex(r"a^2", r"+", r"b^2", r"=", r"c^2")
+eq[0].set_color(RED)
+eq[4].set_color(GREEN)
+```
+
+## 逐步构建
+
+```python
+parts = MathTex(r"f(x)", r"=", r"\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}", r"\frac{f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}", r"(x-a)^n")
+self.play(Write(parts[0:2]))
+self.wait(0.5)
+self.play(Write(parts[2]))
+self.wait(0.5)
+self.play(Write(parts[3:]))
+```
+
+## 高亮显示
+
+```python
+highlight = SurroundingRectangle(eq[2], color=YELLOW, buff=0.1)
+self.play(Create(highlight))
+self.play(Indicate(eq[4], color=YELLOW))
+```
+
+## 标注
+
+```python
+brace = Brace(eq, DOWN, color=YELLOW)
+label = brace.get_text("Fundamental Theorem", font_size=24)
+self.play(GrowFromCenter(brace), Write(label))
+```
+
+## 常见 LaTeX
+
+```python
+MathTex(r"\frac{a}{b}")                  # fraction
+MathTex(r"\alpha, \beta, \gamma")         # Greek
+MathTex(r"\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i")           # summation
+MathTex(r"\int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-x} dx")  # integral
+MathTex(r"\vec{v}")                       # vector
+MathTex(r"\lim_{x \to \infty} f(x)")    # limit
+```
+
+## 矩阵
+
+`MathTex` 通过 `amsmath` 支持标准的 LaTeX matrix 环境（默认已加载）：
+
+```python
+# Bracketed matrix
+MathTex(r"\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}")
+
+# Parenthesized matrix
+MathTex(r"\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix}")
+
+# Determinant (vertical bars)
+MathTex(r"\begin{vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{vmatrix}")
+
+# Plain (no delimiters)
+MathTex(r"\begin{matrix} x_1 \\ x_2 \\ x_3 \end{matrix}")
+```
+
+如果你需要对矩阵进行逐元素动画展示，或者为各个元素单独设置颜色，请改用 `IntegerMatrix`、`DecimalMatrix` 或 `MobjectMatrix` mobjects —— 参见 `mobjects.md`。
+
+## 分段函数与 Cases 环境
+
+```python
+MathTex(r"""
+    f(x) = \begin{cases}
+        x^2    & \text{if } x \geq 0 \\
+        -x^2   & \text{if } x < 0
+    \end{cases}
+""")
+```
+
+## 对齐环境
+
+对于需要多行对齐的推导过程，请在 `MathTex` 中使用 `aligned` 环境：
+
+```python
+MathTex(r"""
+    \begin{aligned}
+        \nabla \cdot \mathbf{E} &= \frac{\rho}{\epsilon_0} \\
+        \nabla \cdot \mathbf{B} &= 0 \\
+        \nabla \times \mathbf{E} &= -\frac{\partial \mathbf{B}}{\partial t} \\
+        \nabla \times \mathbf{B} &= \mu_0 \mathbf{J} + \mu_0 \epsilon_0 \frac{\partial \mathbf{E}}{\partial t}
+    \end{aligned}
+""")
+```
+
+注意：`MathTex` 默认会将内容包裹在 `align*` 环境中。如果需要，可以通过 `tex_environment` 覆盖该设置：
+```python
+MathTex(r"...", tex_environment="gather*")
+```
+
+## 推导模式
+
+```python
+class DerivationScene(Scene):
+    def construct(self):
+        self.camera.background_color = BG
+        s1 = MathTex(r"ax^2 + bx + c = 0")
+        self.play(Write(s1))
+        self.wait(1.5)
+        s2 = MathTex(r"x^2 + \frac{b}{a}x + \frac{c}{a} = 0")
+        s2.next_to(s1, DOWN, buff=0.8)
+        self.play(s1.animate.set_opacity(0.4), TransformMatchingTex(s1.copy(), s2))
+```
+
+## 处理复杂公式的 substrings_to_isolate
+
+对于内容非常密集的公式，如果手动将它们拆分为多个部分不太现实，你可以使用 `substrings_to_isolate` 参数，明确告诉 Manim 需要将哪些子字符串作为独立的元素进行追踪：
+
+```python
+# Without isolation — the whole expression is one blob
+lagrangian = MathTex(
+    r"\mathcal{L} = \bar{\psi}(i \gamma^\mu D_\mu - m)\psi - \tfrac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}"
+)
+
+# With isolation — each named substring is a separate submobject
+lagrangian = MathTex(
+    r"\mathcal{L} = \bar{\psi}(i \gamma^\mu D_\mu - m)\psi - \tfrac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}",
+    substrings_to_isolate=[r"\psi", r"D_\mu", r"\gamma^\mu", r"F_{\mu\nu}"]
+)
+# Now you can color individual terms
+lagrangian.set_color_by_tex(r"\psi", BLUE)
+lagrangian.set_color_by_tex(r"F_{\mu\nu}", YELLOW)
+```
+
+在复杂公式中使用 `TransformMatchingTex` 时，这步操作至关重要 —— 如果不进行隔离操作，在处理密集表达式时匹配将会失败。
+
+## 复杂的多行公式
+
+如果公式包含多个相关的行，可以将每一行作为一个独立的参数传入：
+
+```python
+maxwell = MathTex(
+    r"\nabla \cdot \mathbf{E} = \frac{\rho}{\epsilon_0}",
+    r"\nabla \times \mathbf{B} = \mu_0\mathbf{J} + \mu_0\epsilon_0\frac{\partial \mathbf{E}}{\partial t}"
+).arrange(DOWN)
+
+# Each line is a separate submobject — animate independently
+self.play(Write(maxwell[0]))
+self.wait(1)
+self.play(Write(maxwell[1]))
+```
+
+## 带有 key_map 的 TransformMatchingTex
+
+在变换过程中，映射源公式和目标公式之间的特定子字符串：
+
+```python
+eq1 = MathTex(r"A^2 + B^2 = C^2")
+eq2 = MathTex(r"A^2 = C^2 - B^2")
+
+self.play(TransformMatchingTex(
+    eq1, eq2,
+    key_map={"+": "-"},   # map "+" in source to "-" in target
+    path_arc=PI / 2,      # arc the pieces into position
+))
+```
+
+## set_color_by_tex —— 按子字符串着色
+
+```python
+eq = MathTex(r"E = mc^2")
+eq.set_color_by_tex("E", BLUE)
+eq.set_color_by_tex("m", RED)
+eq.set_color_by_tex("c", GREEN)
+```
+
+## 带有 matched_keys 的 TransformMatchingTex
+
+当需要匹配的子字符串存在歧义时，可以显式指定需要进行对齐的内容：
+
+```python
+kw = dict(font_size=72, t2c={"A": BLUE, "B": TEAL, "C": GREEN})
+lines = [
+    MathTex(r"A^2 + B^2 = C^2", **kw),
+    MathTex(r"A^2 = C^2 - B^2", **kw),
+    MathTex(r"A^2 = (C + B)(C - B)", **kw),
+    MathTex(r"A = \sqrt{(C + B)(C - B)}", **kw),
+]
+
+self.play(TransformMatchingTex(
+    lines[0].copy(), lines[1],
+    matched_keys=["A^2", "B^2", "C^2"],  # explicitly match these
+    key_map={"+": "-"},                    # map + to -
+    path_arc=PI / 2,                       # arc pieces into position
+))
+```
+
+如果不使用 `matched_keys`，动画效果会默认匹配最长的公共子串。这在处理复杂公式时可能会导致意料之外的结果（例如，"^2 = C^2" 会跨越不同的项进行匹配）。

package/extensions/skills/builtin/creative/manim-video/references/graphs-and-data.md

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+# 图形、图象与数据可视化
+
+## 坐标轴
+
+```python
+axes = Axes(
+    x_range=[-3, 3, 1], y_range=[-2, 2, 1],
+    x_length=8, y_length=5,
+    axis_config={"include_numbers": True, "font_size": 24}
+)
+axes.set_opacity(0.15)  # structural element
+x_label = axes.get_x_axis_label(r"x")
+```
+
+## 绘制图象
+
+```python
+graph = axes.plot(lambda x: x**2, color=BLUE)
+graph_label = axes.get_graph_label(graph, label=r"x^2", x_val=2)
+area = axes.get_area(graph, x_range=[0, 2], color=BLUE, opacity=0.3)
+```
+
+## 动画绘制
+
+```python
+self.play(Create(graph), run_time=3)  # trace the graph
+
+# Moving dot along curve
+dot = Dot(color=YELLOW).move_to(axes.c2p(0, 0))
+self.play(MoveAlongPath(dot, graph), run_time=3)
+
+# Dynamic parameter
+tracker = ValueTracker(1)
+dynamic = always_redraw(lambda: axes.plot(lambda x: tracker.get_value() * x**2, color=BLUE))
+self.add(dynamic)
+self.play(tracker.animate.set_value(3), run_time=2)
+```
+
+## 柱状图
+
+```python
+chart = BarChart(
+    values=[4, 6, 2, 8, 5], bar_names=["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"],
+    y_range=[0, 10, 2], bar_colors=[RED, GREEN, BLUE, YELLOW, PURPLE]
+)
+self.play(Create(chart), run_time=2)
+self.play(chart.animate.change_bar_values([6, 3, 7, 4, 9]))
+```
+
+## 数轴
+
+```python
+nl = NumberLine(x_range=[0, 10, 1], length=10, include_numbers=True)
+pointer = Arrow(nl.n2p(3) + UP * 0.5, nl.n2p(3), color=RED, buff=0)
+tracker = ValueTracker(3)
+pointer.add_updater(lambda m: m.put_start_and_end_on(
+    nl.n2p(tracker.get_value()) + UP * 0.5, nl.n2p(tracker.get_value())))
+self.play(tracker.animate.set_value(8), run_time=2)
+```
+
+## 动画计数器
+
+```python
+counter = DecimalNumber(0, font_size=72, num_decimal_places=0)
+self.play(counter.animate.set_value(1000), run_time=3, rate_func=rush_from)
+```
+
+## 算法可视化模式
+
+```python
+values = [5, 2, 8, 1, 9, 3]
+bars = VGroup(*[
+    Rectangle(width=0.6, height=v * 0.4, color=BLUE, fill_opacity=0.7)
+    for v in values
+]).arrange(RIGHT, buff=0.2, aligned_edge=DOWN).move_to(ORIGIN)
+self.play(LaggedStart(*[GrowFromEdge(b, DOWN) for b in bars], lag_ratio=0.1))
+# Highlight, swap, etc.
+```
+
+## 数据叙事模式
+
+```python
+# Before/After comparison
+before = BarChart(values=[3, 5, 2], bar_colors=[RED]*3).shift(LEFT * 3)
+after = BarChart(values=[8, 9, 7], bar_colors=[GREEN]*3).shift(RIGHT * 3)
+self.play(Create(before)); self.wait(1)
+self.play(Create(after)); self.wait(1)
+arrow = Arrow(before.get_right(), after.get_left(), color=YELLOW)
+label = Text("+167%", font_size=36, color=YELLOW).next_to(arrow, UP)
+self.play(GrowArrow(arrow), Write(label))
+```
+
+## Graph / DiGraph — 图论可视化
+
+内置图数学对象，支持自动布局：
+
+```python
+# Undirected graph
+g = Graph(
+    vertices=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
+    edges=[(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 1), (1, 3)],
+    layout="spring",  # or "circular", "kamada_kawai", "planar", "tree"
+    labels=True,
+    vertex_config={"fill_color": PRIMARY},
+    edge_config={"stroke_color": SUBTLE},
+)
+self.play(Create(g))
+
+# Directed graph
+dg = DiGraph(
+    vertices=["A", "B", "C"],
+    edges=[("A", "B"), ("B", "C"), ("C", "A")],
+    layout="circular",
+    labels=True,
+    edge_config={("A", "B"): {"stroke_color": RED}},
+)
+
+# Add/remove vertices and edges dynamically
+self.play(g.animate.add_vertices(6, positions={6: RIGHT * 2}))
+self.play(g.animate.add_edges((1, 6)))
+self.play(g.animate.remove_vertices(3))
+```
+
+布局算法：`"spring"`、`"circular"`、`"kamada_kawai"`、`"planar"`、`"spectral"`、`"tree"`（对于有根树，请指定 `root=`）。
+
+## ArrowVectorField / StreamLines — 向量场
+
+```python
+# Arrow field: arrows showing direction at each point
+field = ArrowVectorField(
+    lambda pos: np.array([-pos[1], pos[0], 0]),  # rotation field
+    x_range=[-3, 3], y_range=[-3, 3],
+    colors=[BLUE, GREEN, YELLOW, RED]
+)
+self.play(Create(field))
+
+# StreamLines: flowing particle traces through the field
+stream = StreamLines(
+    lambda pos: np.array([-pos[1], pos[0], 0]),
+    stroke_width=2, max_anchors_per_line=30
+)
+self.add(stream)
+stream.start_animation(warm_up=True, flow_speed=1.5)
+self.wait(3)
+stream.end_animation()
+```
+
+应用场景：电磁场、流体流动、梯度场、常微分方程（ODE）相图。
+
+## ComplexPlane / PolarPlane
+
+```python
+# Complex plane with Re/Im labels
+cplane = ComplexPlane().add_coordinates()
+dot = Dot(cplane.n2p(2 + 1j), color=YELLOW)
+label = Text("2+i", font_size=20).next_to(dot, UR, buff=0.1)
+
+# Apply complex function to the plane
+self.play(cplane.animate.apply_complex_function(lambda z: z**2), run_time=3)
+
+# Polar plane
+polar = PolarPlane(radius_max=3).add_coordinates()
+```

package/extensions/skills/builtin/creative/manim-video/references/mobjects.md

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+# Mobjects 参考
+
+屏幕上所有可见的对象都是 Mobject。它们具有位置、颜色、不透明度，并且可以被制作成动画。
+
+## 文本
+
+```python
+title = Text("Hello World", font_size=48, color=BLUE)
+eq = MathTex(r"E = mc^2", font_size=40)
+
+# Multi-part (for selective coloring)
+eq = MathTex(r"a^2", r"+", r"b^2", r"=", r"c^2")
+eq[0].set_color(RED)
+eq[4].set_color(BLUE)
+
+# Mixed text and math
+t = Tex(r"The area is $\pi r^2$", font_size=36)
+
+# Styled markup
+t = MarkupText('<span foreground="#58C4DD">Blue</span> text', font_size=30)
+```
+
+**对于任何包含反斜杠的字符串，请始终使用原始字符串 (`r""`)。**
+
+## 形状
+
+```python
+circle = Circle(radius=1, color=BLUE, fill_opacity=0.5)
+square = Square(side_length=2, color=RED)
+rect = Rectangle(width=4, height=2, color=GREEN)
+dot = Dot(point=ORIGIN, radius=0.08, color=YELLOW)
+line = Line(LEFT * 2, RIGHT * 2, color=WHITE)
+arrow = Arrow(LEFT, RIGHT, color=ORANGE)
+rrect = RoundedRectangle(corner_radius=0.3, width=4, height=2)
+brace = Brace(rect, DOWN, color=YELLOW)
+```
+
+## 多边形与圆弧
+
+```python
+# Arbitrary polygon from vertices
+poly = Polygon(LEFT, UP * 2, RIGHT, color=GREEN, fill_opacity=0.3)
+
+# Regular n-sided polygon
+hexagon = RegularPolygon(n=6, color=TEAL, fill_opacity=0.4)
+
+# Triangle (shorthand for RegularPolygon(n=3))
+tri = Triangle(color=YELLOW, fill_opacity=0.5)
+
+# Arc (portion of a circle)
+arc = Arc(radius=2, start_angle=0, angle=PI / 2, color=BLUE)
+
+# Arc between two points
+arc_between = ArcBetweenPoints(LEFT * 2, RIGHT * 2, angle=TAU / 4, color=RED)
+
+# Curved arrow (arc with tip)
+curved_arrow = CurvedArrow(LEFT * 2, RIGHT * 2, color=ORANGE)
+```
+
+## 扇形与圆环
+
+```python
+# Sector (pie slice)
+sector = Sector(outer_radius=2, start_angle=0, angle=PI / 3, fill_opacity=0.7, color=BLUE)
+
+# Annulus (ring)
+ring = Annulus(inner_radius=1, outer_radius=2, fill_opacity=0.5, color=GREEN)
+
+# Annular sector (partial ring)
+partial_ring = AnnularSector(
+    inner_radius=1, outer_radius=2,
+    angle=PI / 2, start_angle=0,
+    fill_opacity=0.7, color=TEAL
+)
+
+# Cutout (punch holes in a shape)
+background = Square(side_length=4, fill_opacity=1, color=BLUE)
+hole = Circle(radius=0.5)
+cutout = Cutout(background, hole, fill_opacity=1, color=BLUE)
+```
+
+使用场景：饼图、环形进度指示器、带有圆弧的 Venn 图、几何证明。
+
+## 定位
+
+```python
+mob.move_to(ORIGIN)                        # center
+mob.move_to(UP * 2 + RIGHT)               # relative
+label.next_to(circle, DOWN, buff=0.3)     # next to another
+title.to_edge(UP, buff=0.5)               # screen edge (buff >= 0.5!)
+mob.to_corner(UL, buff=0.5)               # corner
+```
+
+## VGroup 与 Group
+
+**VGroup** 用于形状的集合（仅限 VMobject —— 例如 Circle, Square, Arrow, Line, MathTex）：
+```python
+shapes = VGroup(circle, square, arrow)
+shapes.arrange(DOWN, buff=0.5)
+shapes.set_color(BLUE)
+```
+
+**Group** 用于混合集合（Text + 形状，或任何 Mobject 类型）：
+```python
+# Text objects are Mobjects, not VMobjects — use Group when mixing
+labeled_shape = Group(circle, Text("Label").next_to(circle, DOWN))
+labeled_shape.move_to(ORIGIN)
+
+# FadeOut everything on screen (may contain mixed types)
+self.play(FadeOut(Group(*self.mobjects)))
+```
+
+**规则：如果你的组合中包含任何 `Text()` 对象，请使用 `Group`，而不是 `VGroup`。** 在 Manim CE v0.20+ 版本中，VGroup 会引发 TypeError。MathTex 和 Tex 属于 VMobject，可以与 VGroup 配合使用。
+
+两者都支持 `arrange()`, `arrange_in_grid()`, `set_opacity()`, `shift()`, `scale()`, `move_to()`。
+
+## 样式设置
+
+```python
+mob.set_color(BLUE)
+mob.set_fill(RED, opacity=0.5)
+mob.set_stroke(WHITE, width=2)
+mob.set_opacity(0.4)
+mob.set_z_index(1)                         # layering
+```
+
+## 特殊 Mobject
+
+```python
+nl = NumberLine(x_range=[-3, 3, 1], length=8, include_numbers=True)
+table = Table([["A", "B"], ["C", "D"]], row_labels=[Text("R1"), Text("R2")])
+code = Code("example.py", tab_width=4, font_size=20, language="python")
+highlight = SurroundingRectangle(target, color=YELLOW, buff=0.2)
+bg = BackgroundRectangle(equation, fill_opacity=0.7, buff=0.2)
+```
+
+## 自定义 Mobject
+
+```python
+class NetworkNode(Group):
+    def __init__(self, label_text, color=BLUE, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.circle = Circle(radius=0.4, color=color, fill_opacity=0.3)
+        self.label = Text(label_text, font_size=20).move_to(self.circle)
+        self.add(self.circle, self.label)
+```
+
+## 矩阵 Mobject
+
+将矩阵显示为数字或 mobject 组成的网格：
+
+```python
+# Integer matrix
+m = IntegerMatrix([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+
+# Decimal matrix (control decimal places)
+m = DecimalMatrix([[1.5, 2.7], [3.1, 4.9]], element_to_mobject_config={"num_decimal_places": 2})
+
+# Mobject matrix (any mobject in each cell)
+m = MobjectMatrix([
+    [MathTex(r"\pi"), MathTex(r"e")],
+    [MathTex(r"\phi"), MathTex(r"\tau")]
+])
+
+# Bracket types: "(" "[" "|" or "\\{"
+m = IntegerMatrix([[1, 0], [0, 1]], left_bracket="[", right_bracket="]")
+```
+
+使用场景：线性代数、变换矩阵、方程组系数展示。
+
+## 常量
+
+方向：`UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT, ORIGIN, UL, UR, DL, DR`
+颜色：`RED, BLUE, GREEN, YELLOW, WHITE, GRAY, ORANGE, PINK, PURPLE, TEAL, GOLD`
+画布：`config.frame_width = 14.222, config.frame_height = 8.0`
+
+## SVGMobject — 导入 SVG 文件
+
+```python
+logo = SVGMobject("path/to/logo.svg")
+logo.set_color(WHITE).scale(0.5).to_corner(UR)
+self.play(FadeIn(logo))
+
+# SVG submobjects are individually animatable
+for part in logo.submobjects:
+    self.play(part.animate.set_color(random_color()))
+```
+
+## ImageMobject — 显示图像
+
+```python
+img = ImageMobject("screenshot.png")
+img.set_height(3).to_edge(RIGHT)
+self.play(FadeIn(img))
+```
+
+注意：图像不能使用 `.animate` 进行动画处理（它们是光栅图像，而非矢量图形）。仅能使用 `FadeIn`/`FadeOut` 以及 `shift`/`scale`。
+
+## Variable — 自动更新显示
+
+```python
+var = Variable(0, Text("x"), num_decimal_places=2)
+var.move_to(ORIGIN)
+self.add(var)
+
+# Animate the value
+self.play(var.tracker.animate.set_value(5), run_time=2)
+# Display auto-updates: "x = 5.00"
+```
+
+对于简单的带标签数值显示，这比手动使用 `DecimalNumber` + `add_updater` 更简洁。
+
+## 项目符号列表
+
+```python
+bullets = BulletedList(
+    "First key point",
+    "Second important fact",
+    "Third conclusion",
+    font_size=28
+)
+bullets.to_edge(LEFT, buff=1.0)
+self.play(Write(bullets))
+
+# Highlight individual items
+self.play(bullets[1].animate.set_color(YELLOW))
+```
+
+## 虚线与角度标记
+
+```python
+# Dashed line (asymptotes, construction lines)
+dashed = DashedLine(LEFT * 3, RIGHT * 3, color=SUBTLE, dash_length=0.15)
+
+# Angle marker between two lines
+line1 = Line(ORIGIN, RIGHT * 2)
+line2 = Line(ORIGIN, UP * 2 + RIGHT)
+angle = Angle(line1, line2, radius=0.5, color=YELLOW)
+angle_label = angle.get_value()  # returns the angle in radians
+
+# Right angle marker
+right_angle = RightAngle(line1, Line(ORIGIN, UP * 2), length=0.3, color=WHITE)
+```
+
+## 布尔运算 (CSG)
+
+组合、减去或相交 2D 形状：
+
+```python
+circle = Circle(radius=1.5, color=BLUE, fill_opacity=0.5).shift(LEFT * 0.5)
+square = Square(side_length=2, color=RED, fill_opacity=0.5).shift(RIGHT * 0.5)
+
+# Union, Intersection, Difference, Exclusion
+union = Union(circle, square, color=GREEN, fill_opacity=0.5)
+intersect = Intersection(circle, square, color=YELLOW, fill_opacity=0.5)
+diff = Difference(circle, square, color=PURPLE, fill_opacity=0.5)
+exclude = Exclusion(circle, square, color=ORANGE, fill_opacity=0.5)
+```
+
+使用场景：Venn 图、集合论、几何证明、面积计算。
+
+## LabeledArrow / LabeledLine
+
+```python
+# Arrow with built-in label (auto-positioned)
+arr = LabeledArrow(Text("force", font_size=18), start=LEFT, end=RIGHT, color=RED)
+
+# Line with label
+line = LabeledLine(Text("d = 5m", font_size=18), start=LEFT * 2, end=RIGHT * 2)
+```
+
+自动处理标签定位 —— 比手动组合 `Arrow` + `Text().next_to()` 更简洁。
+
+## 按子字符串设置文本颜色/字体/样式 (t2c, t2f, t2s, t2w)
+
+```python
+# Color specific words (t2c = text-to-color)
+text = Text(
+    "Gradient descent minimizes the loss function",
+    t2c={"Gradient descent": BLUE, "loss function": RED}
+)
+
+# Different fonts per word (t2f = text-to-font)
+text = Text(
+    "Use Menlo for code and Inter for prose",
+    t2f={"Menlo": "Menlo", "Inter": "Inter"}
+)
+
+# Italic/slant per word (t2s = text-to-slant)
+text = Text("Normal and italic text", t2s={"italic": ITALIC})
+
+# Bold per word (t2w = text-to-weight)
+text = Text("Normal and bold text", t2w={"bold": BOLD})
+```
+
+这比创建单独的 Text 对象并将它们分组要简洁得多。
+
+## 在复杂背景上使用背景描边增强可读性
+
+当文本与其他内容（图表、图解、图像）重叠时，可以在其背后添加深色描边：
+
+```python
+# CE syntax:
+label.set_stroke(BLACK, width=5, background=True)
+
+# Apply to a group
+for mob in labels:
+    mob.set_stroke(BLACK, width=4, background=True)
+```
+
+这就是 3Blue1Brown 在不使用 BackgroundRectangle 的情况下，让文本在复杂背景上依然保持清晰可读的秘诀。
+
+## 复杂函数变换
+
+将复函数应用于整个 mobject —— 对平面进行变换：
+
+```python
+c_grid = ComplexPlane()
+moving_grid = c_grid.copy()
+moving_grid.prepare_for_nonlinear_transform()  # adds more sample points for smooth deformation
+
+self.play(
+    moving_grid.animate.apply_complex_function(lambda z: z**2),
+    run_time=5,
+)
+
+# Also works with R3->R3 functions:
+self.play(grid.animate.apply_function(
+    lambda p: [p[0] + 0.5 * math.sin(p[1]), p[1] + 0.5 * math.sin(p[0]), p[2]]
+), run_time=5)
+```
+
+**关键点：** 在应用非线性函数之前，必须调用 `prepare_for_nonlinear_transform()` —— 如果不这样做，网格的采样点会太少，导致变形效果出现锯齿。