wasmtime 10.0.1 → 11.0.0

data/ext/cargo-vendor/cranelift-codegen-0.97.1/src/machinst/buffer.rs

@@ -1,2277 +0,0 @@
-//! In-memory representation of compiled machine code, with labels and fixups to
-//! refer to those labels. Handles constant-pool island insertion and also
-//! veneer insertion for out-of-range jumps.
-//!
-//! This code exists to solve three problems:
-//!
-//! - Branch targets for forward branches are not known until later, when we
-//!   emit code in a single pass through the instruction structs.
-//!
-//! - On many architectures, address references or offsets have limited range.
-//!   For example, on AArch64, conditional branches can only target code +/- 1MB
-//!   from the branch itself.
-//!
-//! - The lowering of control flow from the CFG-with-edges produced by
-//!   [BlockLoweringOrder](super::BlockLoweringOrder), combined with many empty
-//!   edge blocks when the register allocator does not need to insert any
-//!   spills/reloads/moves in edge blocks, results in many suboptimal branch
-//!   patterns. The lowering also pays no attention to block order, and so
-//!   two-target conditional forms (cond-br followed by uncond-br) can often by
-//!   avoided because one of the targets is the fallthrough. There are several
-//!   cases here where we can simplify to use fewer branches.
-//!
-//! This "buffer" implements a single-pass code emission strategy (with a later
-//! "fixup" pass, but only through recorded fixups, not all instructions). The
-//! basic idea is:
-//!
-//! - Emit branches as they are, including two-target (cond/uncond) compound
-//!   forms, but with zero offsets and optimistically assuming the target will be
-//!   in range. Record the "fixup" for later. Targets are denoted instead by
-//!   symbolic "labels" that are then bound to certain offsets in the buffer as
-//!   we emit code. (Nominally, there is a label at the start of every basic
-//!   block.)
-//!
-//! - As we do this, track the offset in the buffer at which the first label
-//!   reference "goes out of range". We call this the "deadline". If we reach the
-//!   deadline and we still have not bound the label to which an unresolved branch
-//!   refers, we have a problem!
-//!
-//! - To solve this problem, we emit "islands" full of "veneers". An island is
-//!   simply a chunk of code inserted in the middle of the code actually produced
-//!   by the emitter (e.g., vcode iterating over instruction structs). The emitter
-//!   has some awareness of this: it either asks for an island between blocks, so
-//!   it is not accidentally executed, or else it emits a branch around the island
-//!   when all other options fail (see `Inst::EmitIsland` meta-instruction).
-//!
-//! - A "veneer" is an instruction (or sequence of instructions) in an "island"
-//!   that implements a longer-range reference to a label. The idea is that, for
-//!   example, a branch with a limited range can branch to a "veneer" instead,
-//!   which is simply a branch in a form that can use a longer-range reference. On
-//!   AArch64, for example, conditionals have a +/- 1 MB range, but a conditional
-//!   can branch to an unconditional branch which has a +/- 128 MB range. Hence, a
-//!   conditional branch's label reference can be fixed up with a "veneer" to
-//!   achieve a longer range.
-//!
-//! - To implement all of this, we require the backend to provide a `LabelUse`
-//!   type that implements a trait. This is nominally an enum that records one of
-//!   several kinds of references to an offset in code -- basically, a relocation
-//!   type -- and will usually correspond to different instruction formats. The
-//!   `LabelUse` implementation specifies the maximum range, how to patch in the
-//!   actual label location when known, and how to generate a veneer to extend the
-//!   range.
-//!
-//! That satisfies label references, but we still may have suboptimal branch
-//! patterns. To clean up the branches, we do a simple "peephole"-style
-//! optimization on the fly. To do so, the emitter (e.g., `Inst::emit()`)
-//! informs the buffer of branches in the code and, in the case of conditionals,
-//! the code that would have been emitted to invert this branch's condition. We
-//! track the "latest branches": these are branches that are contiguous up to
-//! the current offset. (If any code is emitted after a branch, that branch or
-//! run of contiguous branches is no longer "latest".) The latest branches are
-//! those that we can edit by simply truncating the buffer and doing something
-//! else instead.
-//!
-//! To optimize branches, we implement several simple rules, and try to apply
-//! them to the "latest branches" when possible:
-//!
-//! - A branch with a label target, when that label is bound to the ending
-//!   offset of the branch (the fallthrough location), can be removed altogether,
-//!   because the branch would have no effect).
-//!
-//! - An unconditional branch that starts at a label location, and branches to
-//!   another label, results in a "label alias": all references to the label bound
-//!   *to* this branch instruction are instead resolved to the *target* of the
-//!   branch instruction. This effectively removes empty blocks that just
-//!   unconditionally branch to the next block. We call this "branch threading".
-//!
-//! - A conditional followed by an unconditional, when the conditional branches
-//!   to the unconditional's fallthrough, results in (i) the truncation of the
-//!   unconditional, (ii) the inversion of the condition's condition, and (iii)
-//!   replacement of the conditional's target (using the original target of the
-//!   unconditional). This is a fancy way of saying "we can flip a two-target
-//!   conditional branch's taken/not-taken targets if it works better with our
-//!   fallthrough". To make this work, the emitter actually gives the buffer
-//!   *both* forms of every conditional branch: the true form is emitted into the
-//!   buffer, and the "inverted" machine-code bytes are provided as part of the
-//!   branch-fixup metadata.
-//!
-//! - An unconditional B preceded by another unconditional P, when B's label(s) have
-//!   been redirected to target(B), can be removed entirely. This is an extension
-//!   of the branch-threading optimization, and is valid because if we know there
-//!   will be no fallthrough into this branch instruction (the prior instruction
-//!   is an unconditional jump), and if we know we have successfully redirected
-//!   all labels, then this branch instruction is unreachable. Note that this
-//!   works because the redirection happens before the label is ever resolved
-//!   (fixups happen at island emission time, at which point latest-branches are
-//!   cleared, or at the end of emission), so we are sure to catch and redirect
-//!   all possible paths to this instruction.
-//!
-//! # Branch-optimization Correctness
-//!
-//! The branch-optimization mechanism depends on a few data structures with
-//! invariants, which are always held outside the scope of top-level public
-//! methods:
-//!
-//! - The latest-branches list. Each entry describes a span of the buffer
-//!   (start/end offsets), the label target, the corresponding fixup-list entry
-//!   index, and the bytes (must be the same length) for the inverted form, if
-//!   conditional. The list of labels that are bound to the start-offset of this
-//!   branch is *complete* (if any label has a resolved offset equal to `start`
-//!   and is not an alias, it must appear in this list) and *precise* (no label
-//!   in this list can be bound to another offset). No label in this list should
-//!   be an alias.  No two branch ranges can overlap, and branches are in
-//!   ascending-offset order.
-//!
-//! - The labels-at-tail list. This contains all MachLabels that have been bound
-//!   to (whose resolved offsets are equal to) the tail offset of the buffer.
-//!   No label in this list should be an alias.
-//!
-//! - The label_offsets array, containing the bound offset of a label or
-//!   UNKNOWN. No label can be bound at an offset greater than the current
-//!   buffer tail.
-//!
-//! - The label_aliases array, containing another label to which a label is
-//!   bound or UNKNOWN. A label's resolved offset is the resolved offset
-//!   of the label it is aliased to, if this is set.
-//!
-//! We argue below, at each method, how the invariants in these data structures
-//! are maintained (grep for "Post-invariant").
-//!
-//! Given these invariants, we argue why each optimization preserves execution
-//! semantics below (grep for "Preserves execution semantics").
-
-use crate::binemit::{Addend, CodeOffset, Reloc, StackMap};
-use crate::ir::{ExternalName, Opcode, RelSourceLoc, SourceLoc, TrapCode};
-use crate::isa::unwind::UnwindInst;
-use crate::machinst::{
-    BlockIndex, MachInstLabelUse, TextSectionBuilder, VCodeConstant, VCodeConstants, VCodeInst,
-};
-use crate::timing;
-use crate::trace;
-use cranelift_control::ControlPlane;
-use cranelift_entity::{entity_impl, PrimaryMap};
-use smallvec::SmallVec;
-use std::convert::TryFrom;
-use std::mem;
-use std::string::String;
-use std::vec::Vec;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "enable-serde")]
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-
-#[cfg(feature = "enable-serde")]
-pub trait CompilePhase {
-    type MachSrcLocType: for<'a> Deserialize<'a> + Serialize + core::fmt::Debug + PartialEq + Clone;
-    type SourceLocType: for<'a> Deserialize<'a> + Serialize + core::fmt::Debug + PartialEq + Clone;
-}
-
-#[cfg(not(feature = "enable-serde"))]
-pub trait CompilePhase {
-    type MachSrcLocType: core::fmt::Debug + PartialEq + Clone;
-    type SourceLocType: core::fmt::Debug + PartialEq + Clone;
-}
-
-/// Status of a compiled artifact that needs patching before being used.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "enable-serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
-pub struct Stencil;
-
-/// Status of a compiled artifact ready to use.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub struct Final;
-
-impl CompilePhase for Stencil {
-    type MachSrcLocType = MachSrcLoc<Stencil>;
-    type SourceLocType = RelSourceLoc;
-}
-
-impl CompilePhase for Final {
-    type MachSrcLocType = MachSrcLoc<Final>;
-    type SourceLocType = SourceLoc;
-}
-
-/// A buffer of output to be produced, fixed up, and then emitted to a CodeSink
-/// in bulk.
-///
-/// This struct uses `SmallVec`s to support small-ish function bodies without
-/// any heap allocation. As such, it will be several kilobytes large. This is
-/// likely fine as long as it is stack-allocated for function emission then
-/// thrown away; but beware if many buffer objects are retained persistently.
-pub struct MachBuffer<I: VCodeInst> {
-    /// The buffer contents, as raw bytes.
-    data: SmallVec<[u8; 1024]>,
-    /// Any relocations referring to this code. Note that only *external*
-    /// relocations are tracked here; references to labels within the buffer are
-    /// resolved before emission.
-    relocs: SmallVec<[MachReloc; 16]>,
-    /// Any trap records referring to this code.
-    traps: SmallVec<[MachTrap; 16]>,
-    /// Any call site records referring to this code.
-    call_sites: SmallVec<[MachCallSite; 16]>,
-    /// Any source location mappings referring to this code.
-    srclocs: SmallVec<[MachSrcLoc<Stencil>; 64]>,
-    /// Any stack maps referring to this code.
-    stack_maps: SmallVec<[MachStackMap; 8]>,
-    /// Any unwind info at a given location.
-    unwind_info: SmallVec<[(CodeOffset, UnwindInst); 8]>,
-    /// The current source location in progress (after `start_srcloc()` and
-    /// before `end_srcloc()`).  This is a (start_offset, src_loc) tuple.
-    cur_srcloc: Option<(CodeOffset, RelSourceLoc)>,
-    /// Known label offsets; `UNKNOWN_LABEL_OFFSET` if unknown.
-    label_offsets: SmallVec<[CodeOffset; 16]>,
-    /// Label aliases: when one label points to an unconditional jump, and that
-    /// jump points to another label, we can redirect references to the first
-    /// label immediately to the second.
-    ///
-    /// Invariant: we don't have label-alias cycles. We ensure this by,
-    /// before setting label A to alias label B, resolving B's alias
-    /// target (iteratively until a non-aliased label); if B is already
-    /// aliased to A, then we cannot alias A back to B.
-    label_aliases: SmallVec<[MachLabel; 16]>,
-    /// Constants that must be emitted at some point.
-    pending_constants: SmallVec<[VCodeConstant; 16]>,
-    /// Traps that must be emitted at some point.
-    pending_traps: SmallVec<[MachLabelTrap; 16]>,
-    /// Fixups that must be performed after all code is emitted.
-    fixup_records: SmallVec<[MachLabelFixup<I>; 16]>,
-    /// Current deadline at which all constants are flushed and all code labels
-    /// are extended by emitting long-range jumps in an island. This flush
-    /// should be rare (e.g., on AArch64, the shortest-range PC-rel references
-    /// are +/- 1MB for conditional jumps and load-literal instructions), so
-    /// it's acceptable to track a minimum and flush-all rather than doing more
-    /// detailed "current minimum" / sort-by-deadline trickery.
-    island_deadline: CodeOffset,
-    /// How many bytes are needed in the worst case for an island, given all
-    /// pending constants and fixups.
-    island_worst_case_size: CodeOffset,
-    /// Latest branches, to facilitate in-place editing for better fallthrough
-    /// behavior and empty-block removal.
-    latest_branches: SmallVec<[MachBranch; 4]>,
-    /// All labels at the current offset (emission tail). This is lazily
-    /// cleared: it is actually accurate as long as the current offset is
-    /// `labels_at_tail_off`, but if `cur_offset()` has grown larger, it should
-    /// be considered as empty.
-    ///
-    /// For correctness, this *must* be complete (i.e., the vector must contain
-    /// all labels whose offsets are resolved to the current tail), because we
-    /// rely on it to update labels when we truncate branches.
-    labels_at_tail: SmallVec<[MachLabel; 4]>,
-    /// The last offset at which `labels_at_tail` is valid. It is conceptually
-    /// always describing the tail of the buffer, but we do not clear
-    /// `labels_at_tail` eagerly when the tail grows, rather we lazily clear it
-    /// when the offset has grown past this (`labels_at_tail_off`) point.
-    /// Always <= `cur_offset()`.
-    labels_at_tail_off: CodeOffset,
-    /// Metadata about all constants that this function has access to.
-    ///
-    /// This records the size/alignment of all constants (not the actual data)
-    /// along with the last available label generated for the constant. This map
-    /// is consulted when constants are referred to and the label assigned to a
-    /// constant may change over time as well.
-    constants: PrimaryMap<VCodeConstant, MachBufferConstant>,
-    /// All recorded usages of constants as pairs of the constant and where the
-    /// constant needs to be placed within `self.data`. Note that the same
-    /// constant may appear in this array multiple times if it was emitted
-    /// multiple times.
-    used_constants: SmallVec<[(VCodeConstant, CodeOffset); 4]>,
-}
-
-impl MachBufferFinalized<Stencil> {
-    /// Get a finalized machine buffer by applying the function's base source location.
-    pub fn apply_base_srcloc(self, base_srcloc: SourceLoc) -> MachBufferFinalized<Final> {
-        MachBufferFinalized {
-            data: self.data,
-            relocs: self.relocs,
-            traps: self.traps,
-            call_sites: self.call_sites,
-            srclocs: self
-                .srclocs
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|srcloc| srcloc.apply_base_srcloc(base_srcloc))
-                .collect(),
-            stack_maps: self.stack_maps,
-            unwind_info: self.unwind_info,
-            alignment: self.alignment,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// A `MachBuffer` once emission is completed: holds generated code and records,
-/// without fixups. This allows the type to be independent of the backend.
-#[derive(PartialEq, Debug, Clone)]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "enable-serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
-pub struct MachBufferFinalized<T: CompilePhase> {
-    /// The buffer contents, as raw bytes.
-    pub(crate) data: SmallVec<[u8; 1024]>,
-    /// Any relocations referring to this code. Note that only *external*
-    /// relocations are tracked here; references to labels within the buffer are
-    /// resolved before emission.
-    pub(crate) relocs: SmallVec<[MachReloc; 16]>,
-    /// Any trap records referring to this code.
-    pub(crate) traps: SmallVec<[MachTrap; 16]>,
-    /// Any call site records referring to this code.
-    pub(crate) call_sites: SmallVec<[MachCallSite; 16]>,
-    /// Any source location mappings referring to this code.
-    pub(crate) srclocs: SmallVec<[T::MachSrcLocType; 64]>,
-    /// Any stack maps referring to this code.
-    pub(crate) stack_maps: SmallVec<[MachStackMap; 8]>,
-    /// Any unwind info at a given location.
-    pub unwind_info: SmallVec<[(CodeOffset, UnwindInst); 8]>,
-    /// The requireed alignment of this buffer
-    pub alignment: u32,
-}
-
-const UNKNOWN_LABEL_OFFSET: CodeOffset = 0xffff_ffff;
-const UNKNOWN_LABEL: MachLabel = MachLabel(0xffff_ffff);
-
-/// Threshold on max length of `labels_at_this_branch` list to avoid
-/// unbounded quadratic behavior (see comment below at use-site).
-const LABEL_LIST_THRESHOLD: usize = 100;
-
-/// A label refers to some offset in a `MachBuffer`. It may not be resolved at
-/// the point at which it is used by emitted code; the buffer records "fixups"
-/// for references to the label, and will come back and patch the code
-/// appropriately when the label's location is eventually known.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-pub struct MachLabel(u32);
-entity_impl!(MachLabel);
-
-impl MachLabel {
-    /// Get a label for a block. (The first N MachLabels are always reseved for
-    /// the N blocks in the vcode.)
-    pub fn from_block(bindex: BlockIndex) -> MachLabel {
-        MachLabel(bindex.index() as u32)
-    }
-
-    /// Get the numeric label index.
-    pub fn get(self) -> u32 {
-        self.0
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a string representing this label, for convenience.
-    pub fn to_string(&self) -> String {
-        format!("label{}", self.0)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Default for MachLabel {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        UNKNOWN_LABEL
-    }
-}
-
-/// A stack map extent, when creating a stack map.
-pub enum StackMapExtent {
-    /// The stack map starts at this instruction, and ends after the number of upcoming bytes
-    /// (note: this is a code offset diff).
-    UpcomingBytes(CodeOffset),
-
-    /// The stack map started at the given offset and ends at the current one. This helps
-    /// architectures where the instruction size has not a fixed length.
-    StartedAtOffset(CodeOffset),
-}
-
-impl<I: VCodeInst> MachBuffer<I> {
-    /// Create a new section, known to start at `start_offset` and with a size limited to
-    /// `length_limit`.
-    pub fn new() -> MachBuffer<I> {
-        MachBuffer {
-            data: SmallVec::new(),
-            relocs: SmallVec::new(),
-            traps: SmallVec::new(),
-            call_sites: SmallVec::new(),
-            srclocs: SmallVec::new(),
-            stack_maps: SmallVec::new(),
-            unwind_info: SmallVec::new(),
-            cur_srcloc: None,
-            label_offsets: SmallVec::new(),
-            label_aliases: SmallVec::new(),
-            pending_constants: SmallVec::new(),
-            pending_traps: SmallVec::new(),
-            fixup_records: SmallVec::new(),
-            island_deadline: UNKNOWN_LABEL_OFFSET,
-            island_worst_case_size: 0,
-            latest_branches: SmallVec::new(),
-            labels_at_tail: SmallVec::new(),
-            labels_at_tail_off: 0,
-            constants: Default::default(),
-            used_constants: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Current offset from start of buffer.
-    pub fn cur_offset(&self) -> CodeOffset {
-        self.data.len() as CodeOffset
-    }
-
-    /// Add a byte.
-    pub fn put1(&mut self, value: u8) {
-        trace!("MachBuffer: put byte @ {}: {:x}", self.cur_offset(), value);
-        self.data.push(value);
-
-        // Post-invariant: conceptual-labels_at_tail contains a complete and
-        // precise list of labels bound at `cur_offset()`. We have advanced
-        // `cur_offset()`, hence if it had been equal to `labels_at_tail_off`
-        // before, it is not anymore (and it cannot become equal, because
-        // `labels_at_tail_off` is always <= `cur_offset()`). Thus the list is
-        // conceptually empty (even though it is only lazily cleared). No labels
-        // can be bound at this new offset (by invariant on `label_offsets`).
-        // Hence the invariant holds.
-    }
-
-    /// Add 2 bytes.
-    pub fn put2(&mut self, value: u16) {
-        trace!(
-            "MachBuffer: put 16-bit word @ {}: {:x}",
-            self.cur_offset(),
-            value
-        );
-        let bytes = value.to_le_bytes();
-        self.data.extend_from_slice(&bytes[..]);
-
-        // Post-invariant: as for `put1()`.
-    }
-
-    /// Add 4 bytes.
-    pub fn put4(&mut self, value: u32) {
-        trace!(
-            "MachBuffer: put 32-bit word @ {}: {:x}",
-            self.cur_offset(),
-            value
-        );
-        let bytes = value.to_le_bytes();
-        self.data.extend_from_slice(&bytes[..]);
-
-        // Post-invariant: as for `put1()`.
-    }
-
-    /// Add 8 bytes.
-    pub fn put8(&mut self, value: u64) {
-        trace!(
-            "MachBuffer: put 64-bit word @ {}: {:x}",
-            self.cur_offset(),
-            value
-        );
-        let bytes = value.to_le_bytes();
-        self.data.extend_from_slice(&bytes[..]);
-
-        // Post-invariant: as for `put1()`.
-    }
-
-    /// Add a slice of bytes.
-    pub fn put_data(&mut self, data: &[u8]) {
-        trace!(
-            "MachBuffer: put data @ {}: len {}",
-            self.cur_offset(),
-            data.len()
-        );
-        self.data.extend_from_slice(data);
-
-        // Post-invariant: as for `put1()`.
-    }
-
-    /// Reserve appended space and return a mutable slice referring to it.
-    pub fn get_appended_space(&mut self, len: usize) -> &mut [u8] {
-        trace!("MachBuffer: put data @ {}: len {}", self.cur_offset(), len);
-        let off = self.data.len();
-        let new_len = self.data.len() + len;
-        self.data.resize(new_len, 0);
-        &mut self.data[off..]
-
-        // Post-invariant: as for `put1()`.
-    }
-
-    /// Align up to the given alignment.
-    pub fn align_to(&mut self, align_to: CodeOffset) {
-        trace!("MachBuffer: align to {}", align_to);
-        assert!(
-            align_to.is_power_of_two(),
-            "{} is not a power of two",
-            align_to
-        );
-        while self.cur_offset() & (align_to - 1) != 0 {
-            self.put1(0);
-        }
-
-        // Post-invariant: as for `put1()`.
-    }
-
-    /// Allocate a `Label` to refer to some offset. May not be bound to a fixed
-    /// offset yet.
-    pub fn get_label(&mut self) -> MachLabel {
-        let l = self.label_offsets.len() as u32;
-        self.label_offsets.push(UNKNOWN_LABEL_OFFSET);
-        self.label_aliases.push(UNKNOWN_LABEL);
-        trace!("MachBuffer: new label -> {:?}", MachLabel(l));
-        MachLabel(l)
-
-        // Post-invariant: the only mutation is to add a new label; it has no
-        // bound offset yet, so it trivially satisfies all invariants.
-    }
-
-    /// Reserve the first N MachLabels for blocks.
-    pub fn reserve_labels_for_blocks(&mut self, blocks: usize) {
-        trace!("MachBuffer: first {} labels are for blocks", blocks);
-        debug_assert!(self.label_offsets.is_empty());
-        self.label_offsets.resize(blocks, UNKNOWN_LABEL_OFFSET);
-        self.label_aliases.resize(blocks, UNKNOWN_LABEL);
-
-        // Post-invariant: as for `get_label()`.
-    }
-
-    /// Registers metadata in this `MachBuffer` about the `constants` provided.
-    ///
-    /// This will record the size/alignment of all constants which will prepare
-    /// them for emission later on.
-    pub fn register_constants(&mut self, constants: &VCodeConstants) {
-        for (c, val) in constants.iter() {
-            let c2 = self.constants.push(MachBufferConstant {
-                upcoming_label: None,
-                align: val.alignment(),
-                size: val.as_slice().len(),
-            });
-            assert_eq!(c, c2);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Completes constant emission by iterating over `self.used_constants` and
-    /// filling in the "holes" with the constant values provided by `constants`.
-    ///
-    /// Returns the alignment required for this entire buffer. Alignment starts
-    /// at the ISA's minimum function alignment and can be increased due to
-    /// constant requirements.
-    fn finish_constants(&mut self, constants: &VCodeConstants) -> u32 {
-        let mut alignment = I::function_alignment().minimum;
-        for (constant, offset) in mem::take(&mut self.used_constants) {
-            let constant = constants.get(constant);
-            let data = constant.as_slice();
-            self.data[offset as usize..][..data.len()].copy_from_slice(data);
-            alignment = constant.alignment().max(alignment);
-        }
-        alignment
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a label that can be used to refer to the `constant` provided.
-    ///
-    /// This will automatically defer a new constant to be emitted for
-    /// `constant` if it has not been previously emitted. Note that this
-    /// function may return a different label for the same constant at
-    /// different points in time. The label is valid to use only from the
-    /// current location; the MachBuffer takes care to emit the same constant
-    /// multiple times if needed so the constant is always in range.
-    pub fn get_label_for_constant(&mut self, constant: VCodeConstant) -> MachLabel {
-        let MachBufferConstant {
-            align,
-            size,
-            upcoming_label,
-        } = self.constants[constant];
-        if let Some(label) = upcoming_label {
-            return label;
-        }
-
-        let label = self.get_label();
-        trace!(
-            "defer constant: eventually emit {size} bytes aligned \
-             to {align} at label {label:?}",
-        );
-        self.update_deadline(size, u32::MAX);
-        self.pending_constants.push(constant);
-        self.constants[constant].upcoming_label = Some(label);
-        label
-    }
-
-    /// Bind a label to the current offset. A label can only be bound once.
-    pub fn bind_label(&mut self, label: MachLabel, ctrl_plane: &mut ControlPlane) {
-        trace!(
-            "MachBuffer: bind label {:?} at offset {}",
-            label,
-            self.cur_offset()
-        );
-        debug_assert_eq!(self.label_offsets[label.0 as usize], UNKNOWN_LABEL_OFFSET);
-        debug_assert_eq!(self.label_aliases[label.0 as usize], UNKNOWN_LABEL);
-        let offset = self.cur_offset();
-        self.label_offsets[label.0 as usize] = offset;
-        self.lazily_clear_labels_at_tail();
-        self.labels_at_tail.push(label);
-
-        // Invariants hold: bound offset of label is <= cur_offset (in fact it
-        // is equal). If the `labels_at_tail` list was complete and precise
-        // before, it is still, because we have bound this label to the current
-        // offset and added it to the list (which contains all labels at the
-        // current offset).
-
-        self.optimize_branches(ctrl_plane);
-
-        // Post-invariant: by `optimize_branches()` (see argument there).
-    }
-
-    /// Lazily clear `labels_at_tail` if the tail offset has moved beyond the
-    /// offset that it applies to.
-    fn lazily_clear_labels_at_tail(&mut self) {
-        let offset = self.cur_offset();
-        if offset > self.labels_at_tail_off {
-            self.labels_at_tail_off = offset;
-            self.labels_at_tail.clear();
-        }
-
-        // Post-invariant: either labels_at_tail_off was at cur_offset, and
-        // state is untouched, or was less than cur_offset, in which case the
-        // labels_at_tail list was conceptually empty, and is now actually
-        // empty.
-    }
-
-    /// Resolve a label to an offset, if known. May return `UNKNOWN_LABEL_OFFSET`.
-    pub(crate) fn resolve_label_offset(&self, mut label: MachLabel) -> CodeOffset {
-        let mut iters = 0;
-        while self.label_aliases[label.0 as usize] != UNKNOWN_LABEL {
-            label = self.label_aliases[label.0 as usize];
-            // To protect against an infinite loop (despite our assurances to
-            // ourselves that the invariants make this impossible), assert out
-            // after 1M iterations. The number of basic blocks is limited
-            // in most contexts anyway so this should be impossible to hit with
-            // a legitimate input.
-            iters += 1;
-            assert!(iters < 1_000_000, "Unexpected cycle in label aliases");
-        }
-        self.label_offsets[label.0 as usize]
-
-        // Post-invariant: no mutations.
-    }
-
-    /// Emit a reference to the given label with the given reference type (i.e.,
-    /// branch-instruction format) at the current offset.  This is like a
-    /// relocation, but handled internally.
-    ///
-    /// This can be called before the branch is actually emitted; fixups will
-    /// not happen until an island is emitted or the buffer is finished.
-    pub fn use_label_at_offset(&mut self, offset: CodeOffset, label: MachLabel, kind: I::LabelUse) {
-        trace!(
-            "MachBuffer: use_label_at_offset: offset {} label {:?} kind {:?}",
-            offset,
-            label,
-            kind
-        );
-
-        // Add the fixup, and update the worst-case island size based on a
-        // veneer for this label use.
-        self.fixup_records.push(MachLabelFixup {
-            label,
-            offset,
-            kind,
-        });
-        if kind.supports_veneer() {
-            self.island_worst_case_size += kind.veneer_size();
-            self.island_worst_case_size &= !(I::LabelUse::ALIGN - 1);
-        }
-        let deadline = offset.saturating_add(kind.max_pos_range());
-        if deadline < self.island_deadline {
-            self.island_deadline = deadline;
-        }
-
-        // Post-invariant: no mutations to branches/labels data structures.
-    }
-
-    /// Inform the buffer of an unconditional branch at the given offset,
-    /// targetting the given label. May be used to optimize branches.
-    /// The last added label-use must correspond to this branch.
-    /// This must be called when the current offset is equal to `start`; i.e.,
-    /// before actually emitting the branch. This implies that for a branch that
-    /// uses a label and is eligible for optimizations by the MachBuffer, the
-    /// proper sequence is:
-    ///
-    /// - Call `use_label_at_offset()` to emit the fixup record.
-    /// - Call `add_uncond_branch()` to make note of the branch.
-    /// - Emit the bytes for the branch's machine code.
-    ///
-    /// Additional requirement: no labels may be bound between `start` and `end`
-    /// (exclusive on both ends).
-    pub fn add_uncond_branch(&mut self, start: CodeOffset, end: CodeOffset, target: MachLabel) {
-        assert!(self.cur_offset() == start);
-        debug_assert!(end > start);
-        assert!(!self.fixup_records.is_empty());
-        let fixup = self.fixup_records.len() - 1;
-        self.lazily_clear_labels_at_tail();
-        self.latest_branches.push(MachBranch {
-            start,
-            end,
-            target,
-            fixup,
-            inverted: None,
-            labels_at_this_branch: self.labels_at_tail.clone(),
-        });
-
-        // Post-invariant: we asserted branch start is current tail; the list of
-        // labels at branch is cloned from list of labels at current tail.
-    }
-
-    /// Inform the buffer of a conditional branch at the given offset,
-    /// targetting the given label. May be used to optimize branches.
-    /// The last added label-use must correspond to this branch.
-    ///
-    /// Additional requirement: no labels may be bound between `start` and `end`
-    /// (exclusive on both ends).
-    pub fn add_cond_branch(
-        &mut self,
-        start: CodeOffset,
-        end: CodeOffset,
-        target: MachLabel,
-        inverted: &[u8],
-    ) {
-        assert!(self.cur_offset() == start);
-        debug_assert!(end > start);
-        assert!(!self.fixup_records.is_empty());
-        debug_assert!(inverted.len() == (end - start) as usize);
-        let fixup = self.fixup_records.len() - 1;
-        let inverted = Some(SmallVec::from(inverted));
-        self.lazily_clear_labels_at_tail();
-        self.latest_branches.push(MachBranch {
-            start,
-            end,
-            target,
-            fixup,
-            inverted,
-            labels_at_this_branch: self.labels_at_tail.clone(),
-        });
-
-        // Post-invariant: we asserted branch start is current tail; labels at
-        // branch list is cloned from list of labels at current tail.
-    }
-
-    fn truncate_last_branch(&mut self) {
-        self.lazily_clear_labels_at_tail();
-        // Invariants hold at this point.
-
-        let b = self.latest_branches.pop().unwrap();
-        assert!(b.end == self.cur_offset());
-
-        // State:
-        //    [PRE CODE]
-        //  Offset b.start, b.labels_at_this_branch:
-        //    [BRANCH CODE]
-        //  cur_off, self.labels_at_tail -->
-        //    (end of buffer)
-        self.data.truncate(b.start as usize);
-        self.fixup_records.truncate(b.fixup);
-        while let Some(last_srcloc) = self.srclocs.last_mut() {
-            if last_srcloc.end <= b.start {
-                break;
-            }
-            if last_srcloc.start < b.start {
-                last_srcloc.end = b.start;
-                break;
-            }
-            self.srclocs.pop();
-        }
-        // State:
-        //    [PRE CODE]
-        //  cur_off, Offset b.start, b.labels_at_this_branch:
-        //    (end of buffer)
-        //
-        //  self.labels_at_tail -->  (past end of buffer)
-        let cur_off = self.cur_offset();
-        self.labels_at_tail_off = cur_off;
-        // State:
-        //    [PRE CODE]
-        //  cur_off, Offset b.start, b.labels_at_this_branch,
-        //  self.labels_at_tail:
-        //    (end of buffer)
-        //
-        // resolve_label_offset(l) for l in labels_at_tail:
-        //    (past end of buffer)
-
-        trace!(
-            "truncate_last_branch: truncated {:?}; off now {}",
-            b,
-            cur_off
-        );
-
-        // Fix up resolved label offsets for labels at tail.
-        for &l in &self.labels_at_tail {
-            self.label_offsets[l.0 as usize] = cur_off;
-        }
-        // Old labels_at_this_branch are now at cur_off.
-        self.labels_at_tail
-            .extend(b.labels_at_this_branch.into_iter());
-
-        // Post-invariant: this operation is defined to truncate the buffer,
-        // which moves cur_off backward, and to move labels at the end of the
-        // buffer back to the start-of-branch offset.
-        //
-        // latest_branches satisfies all invariants:
-        // - it has no branches past the end of the buffer (branches are in
-        //   order, we removed the last one, and we truncated the buffer to just
-        //   before the start of that branch)
-        // - no labels were moved to lower offsets than the (new) cur_off, so
-        //   the labels_at_this_branch list for any other branch need not change.
-        //
-        // labels_at_tail satisfies all invariants:
-        // - all labels that were at the tail after the truncated branch are
-        //   moved backward to just before the branch, which becomes the new tail;
-        //   thus every element in the list should remain (ensured by `.extend()`
-        //   above).
-        // - all labels that refer to the new tail, which is the start-offset of
-        //   the truncated branch, must be present. The `labels_at_this_branch`
-        //   list in the truncated branch's record is a complete and precise list
-        //   of exactly these labels; we append these to labels_at_tail.
-        // - labels_at_tail_off is at cur_off after truncation occurs, so the
-        //   list is valid (not to be lazily cleared).
-        //
-        // The stated operation was performed:
-        // - For each label at the end of the buffer prior to this method, it
-        //   now resolves to the new (truncated) end of the buffer: it must have
-        //   been in `labels_at_tail` (this list is precise and complete, and
-        //   the tail was at the end of the truncated branch on entry), and we
-        //   iterate over this list and set `label_offsets` to the new tail.
-        //   None of these labels could have been an alias (by invariant), so
-        //   `label_offsets` is authoritative for each.
-        // - No other labels will be past the end of the buffer, because of the
-        //   requirement that no labels be bound to the middle of branch ranges
-        //   (see comments to `add_{cond,uncond}_branch()`).
-        // - The buffer is truncated to just before the last branch, and the
-        //   fixup record referring to that last branch is removed.
-    }
-
-    fn optimize_branches(&mut self, ctrl_plane: &mut ControlPlane) {
-        if ctrl_plane.get_decision() {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        self.lazily_clear_labels_at_tail();
-        // Invariants valid at this point.
-
-        trace!(
-            "enter optimize_branches:\n b = {:?}\n l = {:?}\n f = {:?}",
-            self.latest_branches,
-            self.labels_at_tail,
-            self.fixup_records
-        );
-
-        // We continue to munch on branches at the tail of the buffer until no
-        // more rules apply. Note that the loop only continues if a branch is
-        // actually truncated (or if labels are redirected away from a branch),
-        // so this always makes progress.
-        while let Some(b) = self.latest_branches.last() {
-            let cur_off = self.cur_offset();
-            trace!("optimize_branches: last branch {:?} at off {}", b, cur_off);
-            // If there has been any code emission since the end of the last branch or
-            // label definition, then there's nothing we can edit (because we
-            // don't move code once placed, only back up and overwrite), so
-            // clear the records and finish.
-            if b.end < cur_off {
-                break;
-            }
-
-            // If the "labels at this branch" list on this branch is
-            // longer than a threshold, don't do any simplification,
-            // and let the branch remain to separate those labels from
-            // the current tail. This avoids quadratic behavior (see
-            // #3468): otherwise, if a long string of "goto next;
-            // next:" patterns are emitted, all of the labels will
-            // coalesce into a long list of aliases for the current
-            // buffer tail. We must track all aliases of the current
-            // tail for correctness, but we are also allowed to skip
-            // optimization (removal) of any branch, so we take the
-            // escape hatch here and let it stand. In effect this
-            // "spreads" the many thousands of labels in the
-            // pathological case among an actual (harmless but
-            // suboptimal) instruction once per N labels.
-            if b.labels_at_this_branch.len() > LABEL_LIST_THRESHOLD {
-                break;
-            }
-
-            // Invariant: we are looking at a branch that ends at the tail of
-            // the buffer.
-
-            // For any branch, conditional or unconditional:
-            // - If the target is a label at the current offset, then remove
-            //   the conditional branch, and reset all labels that targetted
-            //   the current offset (end of branch) to the truncated
-            //   end-of-code.
-            //
-            // Preserves execution semantics: a branch to its own fallthrough
-            // address is equivalent to a no-op; in both cases, nextPC is the
-            // fallthrough.
-            if self.resolve_label_offset(b.target) == cur_off {
-                trace!("branch with target == cur off; truncating");
-                self.truncate_last_branch();
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            // If latest is an unconditional branch:
-            //
-            // - If the branch's target is not its own start address, then for
-            //   each label at the start of branch, make the label an alias of the
-            //   branch target, and remove the label from the "labels at this
-            //   branch" list.
-            //
-            //   - Preserves execution semantics: an unconditional branch's
-            //     only effect is to set PC to a new PC; this change simply
-            //     collapses one step in the step-semantics.
-            //
-            //   - Post-invariant: the labels that were bound to the start of
-            //     this branch become aliases, so they must not be present in any
-            //     labels-at-this-branch list or the labels-at-tail list. The
-            //     labels are removed form the latest-branch record's
-            //     labels-at-this-branch list, and are never placed in the
-            //     labels-at-tail list. Furthermore, it is correct that they are
-            //     not in either list, because they are now aliases, and labels
-            //     that are aliases remain aliases forever.
-            //
-            // - If there is a prior unconditional branch that ends just before
-            //   this one begins, and this branch has no labels bound to its
-            //   start, then we can truncate this branch, because it is entirely
-            //   unreachable (we have redirected all labels that make it
-            //   reachable otherwise). Do so and continue around the loop.
-            //
-            //   - Preserves execution semantics: the branch is unreachable,
-            //     because execution can only flow into an instruction from the
-            //     prior instruction's fallthrough or from a branch bound to that
-            //     instruction's start offset. Unconditional branches have no
-            //     fallthrough, so if the prior instruction is an unconditional
-            //     branch, no fallthrough entry can happen. The
-            //     labels-at-this-branch list is complete (by invariant), so if it
-            //     is empty, then the instruction is entirely unreachable. Thus,
-            //     it can be removed.
-            //
-            //   - Post-invariant: ensured by truncate_last_branch().
-            //
-            // - If there is a prior conditional branch whose target label
-            //   resolves to the current offset (branches around the
-            //   unconditional branch), then remove the unconditional branch,
-            //   and make the target of the unconditional the target of the
-            //   conditional instead.
-            //
-            //   - Preserves execution semantics: previously we had:
-            //
-            //         L1:
-            //            cond_br L2
-            //            br L3
-            //         L2:
-            //            (end of buffer)
-            //
-            //     by removing the last branch, we have:
-            //
-            //         L1:
-            //            cond_br L2
-            //         L2:
-            //            (end of buffer)
-            //
-            //     we then fix up the records for the conditional branch to
-            //     have:
-            //
-            //         L1:
-            //           cond_br.inverted L3
-            //         L2:
-            //
-            //     In the original code, control flow reaches L2 when the
-            //     conditional branch's predicate is true, and L3 otherwise. In
-            //     the optimized code, the same is true.
-            //
-            //   - Post-invariant: all edits to latest_branches and
-            //     labels_at_tail are performed by `truncate_last_branch()`,
-            //     which maintains the invariants at each step.
-
-            if b.is_uncond() {
-                // Set any label equal to current branch's start as an alias of
-                // the branch's target, if the target is not the branch itself
-                // (i.e., an infinite loop).
-                //
-                // We cannot perform this aliasing if the target of this branch
-                // ultimately aliases back here; if so, we need to keep this
-                // branch, so break out of this loop entirely (and clear the
-                // latest-branches list below).
-                //
-                // Note that this check is what prevents cycles from forming in
-                // `self.label_aliases`. To see why, consider an arbitrary start
-                // state:
-                //
-                // label_aliases[L1] = L2, label_aliases[L2] = L3, ..., up to
-                // Ln, which is not aliased.
-                //
-                // We would create a cycle if we assigned label_aliases[Ln]
-                // = L1.  Note that the below assignment is the only write
-                // to label_aliases.
-                //
-                // By our other invariants, we have that Ln (`l` below)
-                // resolves to the offset `b.start`, because it is in the
-                // set `b.labels_at_this_branch`.
-                //
-                // If L1 were already aliased, through some arbitrarily deep
-                // chain, to Ln, then it must also resolve to this offset
-                // `b.start`.
-                //
-                // By checking the resolution of `L1` against this offset,
-                // and aborting this branch-simplification if they are
-                // equal, we prevent the below assignment from ever creating
-                // a cycle.
-                if self.resolve_label_offset(b.target) != b.start {
-                    let redirected = b.labels_at_this_branch.len();
-                    for &l in &b.labels_at_this_branch {
-                        trace!(
-                            " -> label at start of branch {:?} redirected to target {:?}",
-                            l,
-                            b.target
-                        );
-                        self.label_aliases[l.0 as usize] = b.target;
-                        // NOTE: we continue to ensure the invariant that labels
-                        // pointing to tail of buffer are in `labels_at_tail`
-                        // because we already ensured above that the last branch
-                        // cannot have a target of `cur_off`; so we never have
-                        // to put the label into `labels_at_tail` when moving it
-                        // here.
-                    }
-                    // Maintain invariant: all branches have been redirected
-                    // and are no longer pointing at the start of this branch.
-                    let mut_b = self.latest_branches.last_mut().unwrap();
-                    mut_b.labels_at_this_branch.clear();
-
-                    if redirected > 0 {
-                        trace!(" -> after label redirects, restarting loop");
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                let b = self.latest_branches.last().unwrap();
-
-                // Examine any immediately preceding branch.
-                if self.latest_branches.len() > 1 {
-                    let prev_b = &self.latest_branches[self.latest_branches.len() - 2];
-                    trace!(" -> more than one branch; prev_b = {:?}", prev_b);
-                    // This uncond is immediately after another uncond; we
-                    // should have already redirected labels to this uncond away
-                    // (but check to be sure); so we can truncate this uncond.
-                    if prev_b.is_uncond()
-                        && prev_b.end == b.start
-                        && b.labels_at_this_branch.is_empty()
-                    {
-                        trace!(" -> uncond follows another uncond; truncating");
-                        self.truncate_last_branch();
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    // This uncond is immediately after a conditional, and the
-                    // conditional's target is the end of this uncond, and we've
-                    // already redirected labels to this uncond away; so we can
-                    // truncate this uncond, flip the sense of the conditional, and
-                    // set the conditional's target (in `latest_branches` and in
-                    // `fixup_records`) to the uncond's target.
-                    if prev_b.is_cond()
-                        && prev_b.end == b.start
-                        && self.resolve_label_offset(prev_b.target) == cur_off
-                    {
-                        trace!(" -> uncond follows a conditional, and conditional's target resolves to current offset");
-                        // Save the target of the uncond (this becomes the
-                        // target of the cond), and truncate the uncond.
-                        let target = b.target;
-                        let data = prev_b.inverted.clone().unwrap();
-                        self.truncate_last_branch();
-
-                        // Mutate the code and cond branch.
-                        let off_before_edit = self.cur_offset();
-                        let prev_b = self.latest_branches.last_mut().unwrap();
-                        let not_inverted = SmallVec::from(
-                            &self.data[(prev_b.start as usize)..(prev_b.end as usize)],
-                        );
-
-                        // Low-level edit: replaces bytes of branch with
-                        // inverted form. cur_off remains the same afterward, so
-                        // we do not need to modify label data structures.
-                        self.data.truncate(prev_b.start as usize);
-                        self.data.extend_from_slice(&data[..]);
-
-                        // Save the original code as the inversion of the
-                        // inverted branch, in case we later edit this branch
-                        // again.
-                        prev_b.inverted = Some(not_inverted);
-                        self.fixup_records[prev_b.fixup].label = target;
-                        trace!(" -> reassigning target of condbr to {:?}", target);
-                        prev_b.target = target;
-                        debug_assert_eq!(off_before_edit, self.cur_offset());
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            // If we couldn't do anything with the last branch, then break.
-            break;
-        }
-
-        self.purge_latest_branches();
-
-        trace!(
-            "leave optimize_branches:\n b = {:?}\n l = {:?}\n f = {:?}",
-            self.latest_branches,
-            self.labels_at_tail,
-            self.fixup_records
-        );
-    }
-
-    fn purge_latest_branches(&mut self) {
-        // All of our branch simplification rules work only if a branch ends at
-        // the tail of the buffer, with no following code; and branches are in
-        // order in latest_branches; so if the last entry ends prior to
-        // cur_offset, then clear all entries.
-        let cur_off = self.cur_offset();
-        if let Some(l) = self.latest_branches.last() {
-            if l.end < cur_off {
-                trace!("purge_latest_branches: removing branch {:?}", l);
-                self.latest_branches.clear();
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Post-invariant: no invariant requires any branch to appear in
-        // `latest_branches`; it is always optional. The list-clear above thus
-        // preserves all semantics.
-    }
-
-    /// Emit a trap at some point in the future with the specified code and
-    /// stack map.
-    ///
-    /// This function returns a [`MachLabel`] which will be the future address
-    /// of the trap. Jumps should refer to this label, likely by using the
-    /// [`MachBuffer::use_label_at_offset`] method, to get a relocation
-    /// patched in once the address of the trap is known.
-    ///
-    /// This will batch all traps into the end of the function.
-    pub fn defer_trap(&mut self, code: TrapCode, stack_map: Option<StackMap>) -> MachLabel {
-        let label = self.get_label();
-        self.update_deadline(I::TRAP_OPCODE.len(), u32::MAX);
-        self.pending_traps.push(MachLabelTrap {
-            label,
-            code,
-            stack_map,
-            loc: self.cur_srcloc.map(|(_start, loc)| loc),
-        });
-        label
-    }
-
-    fn update_deadline(&mut self, len: usize, max_distance: CodeOffset) {
-        trace!("defer: eventually emit {} bytes", len);
-        let deadline = self.cur_offset().saturating_add(max_distance);
-        self.island_worst_case_size += len as CodeOffset;
-        self.island_worst_case_size =
-            (self.island_worst_case_size + I::LabelUse::ALIGN - 1) & !(I::LabelUse::ALIGN - 1);
-        if deadline < self.island_deadline {
-            self.island_deadline = deadline;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Is an island needed within the next N bytes?
-    pub fn island_needed(&self, distance: CodeOffset) -> bool {
-        self.worst_case_end_of_island(distance) > self.island_deadline
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the maximal offset that islands can reach if `distance` more
-    /// bytes are appended.
-    ///
-    /// This is used to determine if veneers need insertions since jumps that
-    /// can't reach past this point must get a veneer of some form.
-    fn worst_case_end_of_island(&self, distance: CodeOffset) -> CodeOffset {
-        self.cur_offset()
-            .saturating_add(distance)
-            .saturating_add(self.island_worst_case_size)
-    }
-
-    /// Emit all pending constants and required pending veneers.
-    ///
-    /// Should only be called if `island_needed()` returns true, i.e., if we
-    /// actually reach a deadline. It's not necessarily a problem to do so
-    /// otherwise but it may result in unnecessary work during emission.
-    pub fn emit_island(&mut self, distance: CodeOffset, ctrl_plane: &mut ControlPlane) {
-        self.emit_island_maybe_forced(false, distance, ctrl_plane);
-    }
-
-    /// Same as `emit_island`, but an internal API with a `force_veneers`
-    /// argument to force all veneers to always get emitted for debugging.
-    fn emit_island_maybe_forced(
-        &mut self,
-        force_veneers: bool,
-        distance: CodeOffset,
-        ctrl_plane: &mut ControlPlane,
-    ) {
-        // We're going to purge fixups, so no latest-branch editing can happen
-        // anymore.
-        self.latest_branches.clear();
-
-        // Reset internal calculations about islands since we're going to
-        // change the calculus as we apply fixups. The `forced_threshold` is
-        // used here to determine whether jumps to unknown labels will require
-        // a veneer or not.
-        let forced_threshold = self.worst_case_end_of_island(distance);
-        self.island_deadline = UNKNOWN_LABEL_OFFSET;
-        self.island_worst_case_size = 0;
-
-        // End the current location tracking since anything emitted during this
-        // function shouldn't be attributed to whatever the current source
-        // location is.
-        //
-        // Note that the current source location, if it's set right now, will be
-        // restored at the end of this island emission.
-        let cur_loc = self.cur_srcloc.map(|(_, loc)| loc);
-        if cur_loc.is_some() {
-            self.end_srcloc();
-        }
-
-        // First flush out all traps/constants so we have more labels in case
-        // fixups are applied against these labels.
-        //
-        // Note that traps are placed first since this typically happens at the
-        // end of the function and for disassemblers we try to keep all the code
-        // contiguously together.
-        for MachLabelTrap {
-            label,
-            code,
-            stack_map,
-            loc,
-        } in mem::take(&mut self.pending_traps)
-        {
-            // If this trap has source information associated with it then
-            // emit this information for the trap instruction going out now too.
-            if let Some(loc) = loc {
-                self.start_srcloc(loc);
-            }
-            self.align_to(I::LabelUse::ALIGN);
-            self.bind_label(label, ctrl_plane);
-            self.add_trap(code);
-            if let Some(map) = stack_map {
-                let extent = StackMapExtent::UpcomingBytes(I::TRAP_OPCODE.len() as u32);
-                self.add_stack_map(extent, map);
-            }
-            self.put_data(I::TRAP_OPCODE);
-            if loc.is_some() {
-                self.end_srcloc();
-            }
-        }
-
-        for constant in mem::take(&mut self.pending_constants) {
-            let MachBufferConstant { align, size, .. } = self.constants[constant];
-            let label = self.constants[constant].upcoming_label.take().unwrap();
-            self.align_to(align);
-            self.bind_label(label, ctrl_plane);
-            self.used_constants.push((constant, self.cur_offset()));
-            self.get_appended_space(size);
-        }
-
-        for fixup in mem::take(&mut self.fixup_records) {
-            trace!("emit_island: fixup {:?}", fixup);
-            let MachLabelFixup {
-                label,
-                offset,
-                kind,
-            } = fixup;
-            let label_offset = self.resolve_label_offset(label);
-            let start = offset as usize;
-            let end = (offset + kind.patch_size()) as usize;
-
-            if label_offset != UNKNOWN_LABEL_OFFSET {
-                // If the offset of the label for this fixup is known then
-                // we're going to do something here-and-now. We're either going
-                // to patch the original offset because it's an in-bounds jump,
-                // or we're going to generate a veneer, patch the fixup to jump
-                // to the veneer, and then keep going.
-                //
-                // If the label comes after the original fixup, then we should
-                // be guaranteed that the jump is in-bounds. Otherwise there's
-                // a bug somewhere because this method wasn't called soon
-                // enough. All forward-jumps are tracked and should get veneers
-                // before their deadline comes and they're unable to jump
-                // further.
-                //
-                // Otherwise if the label is before the fixup, then that's a
-                // backwards jump. If it's past the maximum negative range
-                // then we'll emit a veneer that to jump forward to which can
-                // then jump backwards.
-                let veneer_required = if label_offset >= offset {
-                    assert!((label_offset - offset) <= kind.max_pos_range());
-                    false
-                } else {
-                    (offset - label_offset) > kind.max_neg_range()
-                };
-                trace!(
-                    " -> label_offset = {}, known, required = {} (pos {} neg {})",
-                    label_offset,
-                    veneer_required,
-                    kind.max_pos_range(),
-                    kind.max_neg_range()
-                );
-
-                if (force_veneers && kind.supports_veneer()) || veneer_required {
-                    self.emit_veneer(label, offset, kind);
-                } else {
-                    let slice = &mut self.data[start..end];
-                    trace!("patching in-range!");
-                    kind.patch(slice, offset, label_offset);
-                }
-            } else {
-                // If the offset of this label is not known at this time then
-                // there's one of two possibilities:
-                //
-                // * First we may be about to exceed the maximum jump range of
-                //   this fixup. In that case a veneer is inserted to buy some
-                //   more budget for the forward-jump. It's guaranteed that the
-                //   label will eventually come after where we're at, so we know
-                //   that the forward jump is necessary.
-                //
-                // * Otherwise we're still within range of the forward jump but
-                //   the precise target isn't known yet. In that case we
-                //   enqueue the fixup to get processed later.
-                if forced_threshold - offset > kind.max_pos_range() {
-                    self.emit_veneer(label, offset, kind);
-                } else {
-                    self.use_label_at_offset(offset, label, kind);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if let Some(loc) = cur_loc {
-            self.start_srcloc(loc);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Emits a "veneer" the `kind` code at `offset` to jump to `label`.
-    ///
-    /// This will generate extra machine code, using `kind`, to get a
-    /// larger-jump-kind than `kind` allows. The code at `offset` is then
-    /// patched to jump to our new code, and then the new code is enqueued for
-    /// a fixup to get processed at some later time.
-    fn emit_veneer(&mut self, label: MachLabel, offset: CodeOffset, kind: I::LabelUse) {
-        // If this `kind` doesn't support a veneer then that's a bug in the
-        // backend because we need to implement support for such a veneer.
-        assert!(
-            kind.supports_veneer(),
-            "jump beyond the range of {:?} but a veneer isn't supported",
-            kind,
-        );
-
-        // Allocate space for a veneer in the island.
-        self.align_to(I::LabelUse::ALIGN);
-        let veneer_offset = self.cur_offset();
-        trace!("making a veneer at {}", veneer_offset);
-        let start = offset as usize;
-        let end = (offset + kind.patch_size()) as usize;
-        let slice = &mut self.data[start..end];
-        // Patch the original label use to refer to the veneer.
-        trace!(
-            "patching original at offset {} to veneer offset {}",
-            offset,
-            veneer_offset
-        );
-        kind.patch(slice, offset, veneer_offset);
-        // Generate the veneer.
-        let veneer_slice = self.get_appended_space(kind.veneer_size() as usize);
-        let (veneer_fixup_off, veneer_label_use) =
-            kind.generate_veneer(veneer_slice, veneer_offset);
-        trace!(
-            "generated veneer; fixup offset {}, label_use {:?}",
-            veneer_fixup_off,
-            veneer_label_use
-        );
-        // Register a new use of `label` with our new veneer fixup and offset.
-        // This'll recalculate deadlines accordingly and enqueue this fixup to
-        // get processed at some later time.
-        self.use_label_at_offset(veneer_fixup_off, label, veneer_label_use);
-    }
-
-    fn finish_emission_maybe_forcing_veneers(
-        &mut self,
-        force_veneers: bool,
-        ctrl_plane: &mut ControlPlane,
-    ) {
-        while !self.pending_constants.is_empty()
-            || !self.pending_traps.is_empty()
-            || !self.fixup_records.is_empty()
-        {
-            // `emit_island()` will emit any pending veneers and constants, and
-            // as a side-effect, will also take care of any fixups with resolved
-            // labels eagerly.
-            self.emit_island_maybe_forced(force_veneers, u32::MAX, ctrl_plane);
-        }
-
-        // Ensure that all labels have been fixed up after the last island is emitted. This is a
-        // full (release-mode) assert because an unresolved label means the emitted code is
-        // incorrect.
-        assert!(self.fixup_records.is_empty());
-    }
-
-    /// Finish any deferred emissions and/or fixups.
-    pub fn finish(
-        mut self,
-        constants: &VCodeConstants,
-        ctrl_plane: &mut ControlPlane,
-    ) -> MachBufferFinalized<Stencil> {
-        let _tt = timing::vcode_emit_finish();
-
-        // Do any optimizations on branches at tail of buffer, as if we
-        // had bound one last label.
-        self.optimize_branches(ctrl_plane);
-
-        self.finish_emission_maybe_forcing_veneers(false, ctrl_plane);
-
-        let alignment = self.finish_constants(constants);
-
-        let mut srclocs = self.srclocs;
-        srclocs.sort_by_key(|entry| entry.start);
-
-        MachBufferFinalized {
-            data: self.data,
-            relocs: self.relocs,
-            traps: self.traps,
-            call_sites: self.call_sites,
-            srclocs,
-            stack_maps: self.stack_maps,
-            unwind_info: self.unwind_info,
-            alignment,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Add an external relocation at the current offset.
-    pub fn add_reloc(&mut self, kind: Reloc, name: &ExternalName, addend: Addend) {
-        let name = name.clone();
-        // FIXME(#3277): This should use `I::LabelUse::from_reloc` to optionally
-        // generate a label-use statement to track whether an island is possibly
-        // needed to escape this function to actually get to the external name.
-        // This is most likely to come up on AArch64 where calls between
-        // functions use a 26-bit signed offset which gives +/- 64MB. This means
-        // that if a function is 128MB in size and there's a call in the middle
-        // it's impossible to reach the actual target. Also, while it's
-        // technically possible to jump to the start of a function and then jump
-        // further, island insertion below always inserts islands after
-        // previously appended code so for Cranelift's own implementation this
-        // is also a problem for 64MB functions on AArch64 which start with a
-        // call instruction, those won't be able to escape.
-        //
-        // Ideally what needs to happen here is that a `LabelUse` is
-        // transparently generated (or call-sites of this function are audited
-        // to generate a `LabelUse` instead) and tracked internally. The actual
-        // relocation would then change over time if and when a veneer is
-        // inserted, where the relocation here would be patched by this
-        // `MachBuffer` to jump to the veneer. The problem, though, is that all
-        // this still needs to end up, in the case of a singular function,
-        // generating a final relocation pointing either to this particular
-        // relocation or to the veneer inserted. Additionally
-        // `MachBuffer` needs the concept of a label which will never be
-        // resolved, so `emit_island` doesn't trip over not actually ever
-        // knowning what some labels are. Currently the loop in
-        // `finish_emission_maybe_forcing_veneers` would otherwise infinitely
-        // loop.
-        //
-        // For now this means that because relocs aren't tracked at all that
-        // AArch64 functions have a rough size limits of 64MB. For now that's
-        // somewhat reasonable and the failure mode is a panic in `MachBuffer`
-        // when a relocation can't otherwise be resolved later, so it shouldn't
-        // actually result in any memory unsafety or anything like that.
-        self.relocs.push(MachReloc {
-            offset: self.data.len() as CodeOffset,
-            kind,
-            name,
-            addend,
-        });
-    }
-
-    /// Add a trap record at the current offset.
-    pub fn add_trap(&mut self, code: TrapCode) {
-        self.traps.push(MachTrap {
-            offset: self.data.len() as CodeOffset,
-            code,
-        });
-    }
-
-    /// Add a call-site record at the current offset.
-    pub fn add_call_site(&mut self, opcode: Opcode) {
-        debug_assert!(
-            opcode.is_call(),
-            "adding call site info for a non-call instruction."
-        );
-        self.call_sites.push(MachCallSite {
-            ret_addr: self.data.len() as CodeOffset,
-            opcode,
-        });
-    }
-
-    /// Add an unwind record at the current offset.
-    pub fn add_unwind(&mut self, unwind: UnwindInst) {
-        self.unwind_info.push((self.cur_offset(), unwind));
-    }
-
-    /// Set the `SourceLoc` for code from this offset until the offset at the
-    /// next call to `end_srcloc()`.
-    pub fn start_srcloc(&mut self, loc: RelSourceLoc) {
-        self.cur_srcloc = Some((self.cur_offset(), loc));
-    }
-
-    /// Mark the end of the `SourceLoc` segment started at the last
-    /// `start_srcloc()` call.
-    pub fn end_srcloc(&mut self) {
-        let (start, loc) = self
-            .cur_srcloc
-            .take()
-            .expect("end_srcloc() called without start_srcloc()");
-        let end = self.cur_offset();
-        // Skip zero-length extends.
-        debug_assert!(end >= start);
-        if end > start {
-            self.srclocs.push(MachSrcLoc { start, end, loc });
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Add stack map metadata for this program point: a set of stack offsets
-    /// (from SP upward) that contain live references.
-    ///
-    /// The `offset_to_fp` value is the offset from the nominal SP (at which the `stack_offsets`
-    /// are based) and the FP value. By subtracting `offset_to_fp` from each `stack_offsets`
-    /// element, one can obtain live-reference offsets from FP instead.
-    pub fn add_stack_map(&mut self, extent: StackMapExtent, stack_map: StackMap) {
-        let (start, end) = match extent {
-            StackMapExtent::UpcomingBytes(insn_len) => {
-                let start_offset = self.cur_offset();
-                (start_offset, start_offset + insn_len)
-            }
-            StackMapExtent::StartedAtOffset(start_offset) => {
-                let end_offset = self.cur_offset();
-                debug_assert!(end_offset >= start_offset);
-                (start_offset, end_offset)
-            }
-        };
-        trace!("Adding stack map for offsets {start:#x}..{end:#x}");
-        self.stack_maps.push(MachStackMap {
-            offset: start,
-            offset_end: end,
-            stack_map,
-        });
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T: CompilePhase> MachBufferFinalized<T> {
-    /// Get a list of source location mapping tuples in sorted-by-start-offset order.
-    pub fn get_srclocs_sorted(&self) -> &[T::MachSrcLocType] {
-        &self.srclocs[..]
-    }
-
-    /// Get the total required size for the code.
-    pub fn total_size(&self) -> CodeOffset {
-        self.data.len() as CodeOffset
-    }
-
-    /// Return the code in this mach buffer as a hex string for testing purposes.
-    pub fn stringify_code_bytes(&self) -> String {
-        // This is pretty lame, but whatever ..
-        use std::fmt::Write;
-        let mut s = String::with_capacity(self.data.len() * 2);
-        for b in &self.data {
-            write!(&mut s, "{:02X}", b).unwrap();
-        }
-        s
-    }
-
-    /// Get the code bytes.
-    pub fn data(&self) -> &[u8] {
-        // N.B.: we emit every section into the .text section as far as
-        // the `CodeSink` is concerned; we do not bother to segregate
-        // the contents into the actual program text, the jumptable and the
-        // rodata (constant pool). This allows us to generate code assuming
-        // that these will not be relocated relative to each other, and avoids
-        // having to designate each section as belonging in one of the three
-        // fixed categories defined by `CodeSink`. If this becomes a problem
-        // later (e.g. because of memory permissions or similar), we can
-        // add this designation and segregate the output; take care, however,
-        // to add the appropriate relocations in this case.
-
-        &self.data[..]
-    }
-
-    /// Get the list of external relocations for this code.
-    pub fn relocs(&self) -> &[MachReloc] {
-        &self.relocs[..]
-    }
-
-    /// Get the list of trap records for this code.
-    pub fn traps(&self) -> &[MachTrap] {
-        &self.traps[..]
-    }
-
-    /// Get the stack map metadata for this code.
-    pub fn stack_maps(&self) -> &[MachStackMap] {
-        &self.stack_maps[..]
-    }
-
-    /// Get the list of call sites for this code.
-    pub fn call_sites(&self) -> &[MachCallSite] {
-        &self.call_sites[..]
-    }
-}
-
-/// Metadata about a constant.
-struct MachBufferConstant {
-    /// A label which has not yet been bound which can be used for this
-    /// constant.
-    ///
-    /// This is lazily created when a label is requested for a constant and is
-    /// cleared when a constant is emitted.
-    upcoming_label: Option<MachLabel>,
-    /// Required alignment.
-    align: CodeOffset,
-    /// The byte size of this constant.
-    size: usize,
-}
-
-/// A trap that is deferred to the next time an island is emitted for either
-/// traps, constants, or fixups.
-struct MachLabelTrap {
-    /// This label will refer to the trap's offset.
-    label: MachLabel,
-    /// The code associated with this trap.
-    code: TrapCode,
-    /// An optional stack map to associate with this trap.
-    stack_map: Option<StackMap>,
-    /// An optional source location to assign for this trap.
-    loc: Option<RelSourceLoc>,
-}
-
-/// A fixup to perform on the buffer once code is emitted. Fixups always refer
-/// to labels and patch the code based on label offsets. Hence, they are like
-/// relocations, but internal to one buffer.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct MachLabelFixup<I: VCodeInst> {
-    /// The label whose offset controls this fixup.
-    label: MachLabel,
-    /// The offset to fix up / patch to refer to this label.
-    offset: CodeOffset,
-    /// The kind of fixup. This is architecture-specific; each architecture may have,
-    /// e.g., several types of branch instructions, each with differently-sized
-    /// offset fields and different places within the instruction to place the
-    /// bits.
-    kind: I::LabelUse,
-}
-
-/// A relocation resulting from a compilation.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "enable-serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
-pub struct MachReloc {
-    /// The offset at which the relocation applies, *relative to the
-    /// containing section*.
-    pub offset: CodeOffset,
-    /// The kind of relocation.
-    pub kind: Reloc,
-    /// The external symbol / name to which this relocation refers.
-    pub name: ExternalName,
-    /// The addend to add to the symbol value.
-    pub addend: i64,
-}
-
-/// A trap record resulting from a compilation.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "enable-serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
-pub struct MachTrap {
-    /// The offset at which the trap instruction occurs, *relative to the
-    /// containing section*.
-    pub offset: CodeOffset,
-    /// The trap code.
-    pub code: TrapCode,
-}
-
-/// A call site record resulting from a compilation.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "enable-serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
-pub struct MachCallSite {
-    /// The offset of the call's return address, *relative to the containing section*.
-    pub ret_addr: CodeOffset,
-    /// The call's opcode.
-    pub opcode: Opcode,
-}
-
-/// A source-location mapping resulting from a compilation.
-#[derive(PartialEq, Debug, Clone)]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "enable-serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
-pub struct MachSrcLoc<T: CompilePhase> {
-    /// The start of the region of code corresponding to a source location.
-    /// This is relative to the start of the function, not to the start of the
-    /// section.
-    pub start: CodeOffset,
-    /// The end of the region of code corresponding to a source location.
-    /// This is relative to the start of the section, not to the start of the
-    /// section.
-    pub end: CodeOffset,
-    /// The source location.
-    pub loc: T::SourceLocType,
-}
-
-impl MachSrcLoc<Stencil> {
-    fn apply_base_srcloc(self, base_srcloc: SourceLoc) -> MachSrcLoc<Final> {
-        MachSrcLoc {
-            start: self.start,
-            end: self.end,
-            loc: self.loc.expand(base_srcloc),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Record of stack map metadata: stack offsets containing references.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "enable-serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
-pub struct MachStackMap {
-    /// The code offset at which this stack map applies.
-    pub offset: CodeOffset,
-    /// The code offset just past the "end" of the instruction: that is, the
-    /// offset of the first byte of the following instruction, or equivalently,
-    /// the start offset plus the instruction length.
-    pub offset_end: CodeOffset,
-    /// The stack map itself.
-    pub stack_map: StackMap,
-}
-
-/// Record of branch instruction in the buffer, to facilitate editing.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-struct MachBranch {
-    start: CodeOffset,
-    end: CodeOffset,
-    target: MachLabel,
-    fixup: usize,
-    inverted: Option<SmallVec<[u8; 8]>>,
-    /// All labels pointing to the start of this branch. For correctness, this
-    /// *must* be complete (i.e., must contain all labels whose resolved offsets
-    /// are at the start of this branch): we rely on being able to redirect all
-    /// labels that could jump to this branch before removing it, if it is
-    /// otherwise unreachable.
-    labels_at_this_branch: SmallVec<[MachLabel; 4]>,
-}
-
-impl MachBranch {
-    fn is_cond(&self) -> bool {
-        self.inverted.is_some()
-    }
-    fn is_uncond(&self) -> bool {
-        self.inverted.is_none()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Implementation of the `TextSectionBuilder` trait backed by `MachBuffer`.
-///
-/// Note that `MachBuffer` was primarily written for intra-function references
-/// of jumps between basic blocks, but it's also quite usable for entire text
-/// sections and resolving references between functions themselves. This
-/// builder interprets "blocks" as labeled functions for the purposes of
-/// resolving labels internally in the buffer.
-pub struct MachTextSectionBuilder<I: VCodeInst> {
-    buf: MachBuffer<I>,
-    next_func: usize,
-    force_veneers: bool,
-}
-
-impl<I: VCodeInst> MachTextSectionBuilder<I> {
-    /// Creates a new text section builder which will have `num_funcs` functions
-    /// pushed into it.
-    pub fn new(num_funcs: usize) -> MachTextSectionBuilder<I> {
-        let mut buf = MachBuffer::new();
-        buf.reserve_labels_for_blocks(num_funcs);
-        MachTextSectionBuilder {
-            buf,
-            next_func: 0,
-            force_veneers: false,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<I: VCodeInst> TextSectionBuilder for MachTextSectionBuilder<I> {
-    fn append(
-        &mut self,
-        labeled: bool,
-        func: &[u8],
-        align: u32,
-        ctrl_plane: &mut ControlPlane,
-    ) -> u64 {
-        // Conditionally emit an island if it's necessary to resolve jumps
-        // between functions which are too far away.
-        let size = func.len() as u32;
-        if self.force_veneers || self.buf.island_needed(size) {
-            self.buf
-                .emit_island_maybe_forced(self.force_veneers, size, ctrl_plane);
-        }
-
-        self.buf.align_to(align);
-        let pos = self.buf.cur_offset();
-        if labeled {
-            self.buf.bind_label(
-                MachLabel::from_block(BlockIndex::new(self.next_func)),
-                ctrl_plane,
-            );
-            self.next_func += 1;
-        }
-        self.buf.put_data(func);
-        u64::from(pos)
-    }
-
-    fn resolve_reloc(&mut self, offset: u64, reloc: Reloc, addend: Addend, target: usize) -> bool {
-        let label = MachLabel::from_block(BlockIndex::new(target));
-        let offset = u32::try_from(offset).unwrap();
-        match I::LabelUse::from_reloc(reloc, addend) {
-            Some(label_use) => {
-                self.buf.use_label_at_offset(offset, label, label_use);
-                true
-            }
-            None => false,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn force_veneers(&mut self) {
-        self.force_veneers = true;
-    }
-
-    fn finish(&mut self, ctrl_plane: &mut ControlPlane) -> Vec<u8> {
-        // Double-check all functions were pushed.
-        assert_eq!(self.next_func, self.buf.label_offsets.len());
-
-        // Finish up any veneers, if necessary.
-        self.buf
-            .finish_emission_maybe_forcing_veneers(self.force_veneers, ctrl_plane);
-
-        // We don't need the data any more, so return it to the caller.
-        mem::take(&mut self.buf.data).into_vec()
-    }
-}
-
-// We use an actual instruction definition to do tests, so we depend on the `arm64` feature here.
-#[cfg(all(test, feature = "arm64"))]
-mod test {
-    use cranelift_entity::EntityRef as _;
-
-    use super::*;
-    use crate::ir::UserExternalNameRef;
-    use crate::isa::aarch64::inst::xreg;
-    use crate::isa::aarch64::inst::{BranchTarget, CondBrKind, EmitInfo, Inst};
-    use crate::machinst::{MachInstEmit, MachInstEmitState};
-    use crate::settings;
-    use std::default::Default;
-    use std::vec::Vec;
-
-    fn label(n: u32) -> MachLabel {
-        MachLabel::from_block(BlockIndex::new(n as usize))
-    }
-    fn target(n: u32) -> BranchTarget {
-        BranchTarget::Label(label(n))
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_elide_jump_to_next() {
-        let info = EmitInfo::new(settings::Flags::new(settings::builder()));
-        let mut buf = MachBuffer::new();
-        let mut state = <Inst as MachInstEmit>::State::default();
-        let constants = Default::default();
-
-        buf.reserve_labels_for_blocks(2);
-        buf.bind_label(label(0), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Jump { dest: target(1) };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-        buf.bind_label(label(1), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let buf = buf.finish(&constants, state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        assert_eq!(0, buf.total_size());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_elide_trivial_jump_blocks() {
-        let info = EmitInfo::new(settings::Flags::new(settings::builder()));
-        let mut buf = MachBuffer::new();
-        let mut state = <Inst as MachInstEmit>::State::default();
-        let constants = Default::default();
-
-        buf.reserve_labels_for_blocks(4);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(0), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::CondBr {
-            kind: CondBrKind::NotZero(xreg(0)),
-            taken: target(1),
-            not_taken: target(2),
-        };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(1), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Jump { dest: target(3) };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(2), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Jump { dest: target(3) };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(3), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-
-        let buf = buf.finish(&constants, state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        assert_eq!(0, buf.total_size());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_flip_cond() {
-        let info = EmitInfo::new(settings::Flags::new(settings::builder()));
-        let mut buf = MachBuffer::new();
-        let mut state = <Inst as MachInstEmit>::State::default();
-        let constants = Default::default();
-
-        buf.reserve_labels_for_blocks(4);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(0), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::CondBr {
-            kind: CondBrKind::Zero(xreg(0)),
-            taken: target(1),
-            not_taken: target(2),
-        };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(1), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Nop4;
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(2), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Udf {
-            trap_code: TrapCode::Interrupt,
-        };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(3), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-
-        let buf = buf.finish(&constants, state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-
-        let mut buf2 = MachBuffer::new();
-        let mut state = Default::default();
-        let inst = Inst::TrapIf {
-            kind: CondBrKind::NotZero(xreg(0)),
-            trap_code: TrapCode::Interrupt,
-        };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf2, &info, &mut state);
-        let inst = Inst::Nop4;
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf2, &info, &mut state);
-
-        let buf2 = buf2.finish(&constants, state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-
-        assert_eq!(buf.data, buf2.data);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_island() {
-        let info = EmitInfo::new(settings::Flags::new(settings::builder()));
-        let mut buf = MachBuffer::new();
-        let mut state = <Inst as MachInstEmit>::State::default();
-        let constants = Default::default();
-
-        buf.reserve_labels_for_blocks(4);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(0), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::CondBr {
-            kind: CondBrKind::NotZero(xreg(0)),
-            taken: target(2),
-            not_taken: target(3),
-        };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(1), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        while buf.cur_offset() < 2000000 {
-            if buf.island_needed(0) {
-                buf.emit_island(0, state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-            }
-            let inst = Inst::Nop4;
-            inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-        }
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(2), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Nop4;
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(3), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Nop4;
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        let buf = buf.finish(&constants, state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-
-        assert_eq!(2000000 + 8, buf.total_size());
-
-        let mut buf2 = MachBuffer::new();
-        let mut state = Default::default();
-        let inst = Inst::CondBr {
-            kind: CondBrKind::NotZero(xreg(0)),
-
-            // This conditionally taken branch has a 19-bit constant, shifted
-            // to the left by two, giving us a 21-bit range in total. Half of
-            // this range positive so the we should be around 1 << 20 bytes
-            // away for our jump target.
-            //
-            // There are two pending fixups by the time we reach this point,
-            // one for this 19-bit jump and one for the unconditional 26-bit
-            // jump below. A 19-bit veneer is 4 bytes large and the 26-bit
-            // veneer is 20 bytes large, which means that pessimistically
-            // assuming we'll need two veneers we need 24 bytes of extra
-            // space, meaning that the actual island should come 24-bytes
-            // before the deadline.
-            taken: BranchTarget::ResolvedOffset((1 << 20) - 4 - 20),
-
-            // This branch is in-range so no veneers should be needed, it should
-            // go directly to the target.
-            not_taken: BranchTarget::ResolvedOffset(2000000 + 4 - 4),
-        };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf2, &info, &mut state);
-
-        let buf2 = buf2.finish(&constants, state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-
-        assert_eq!(&buf.data[0..8], &buf2.data[..]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_island_backward() {
-        let info = EmitInfo::new(settings::Flags::new(settings::builder()));
-        let mut buf = MachBuffer::new();
-        let mut state = <Inst as MachInstEmit>::State::default();
-        let constants = Default::default();
-
-        buf.reserve_labels_for_blocks(4);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(0), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Nop4;
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(1), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Nop4;
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(2), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        while buf.cur_offset() < 2000000 {
-            let inst = Inst::Nop4;
-            inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-        }
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(3), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::CondBr {
-            kind: CondBrKind::NotZero(xreg(0)),
-            taken: target(0),
-            not_taken: target(1),
-        };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        let buf = buf.finish(&constants, state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-
-        assert_eq!(2000000 + 12, buf.total_size());
-
-        let mut buf2 = MachBuffer::new();
-        let mut state = Default::default();
-        let inst = Inst::CondBr {
-            kind: CondBrKind::NotZero(xreg(0)),
-            taken: BranchTarget::ResolvedOffset(8),
-            not_taken: BranchTarget::ResolvedOffset(4 - (2000000 + 4)),
-        };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf2, &info, &mut state);
-        let inst = Inst::Jump {
-            dest: BranchTarget::ResolvedOffset(-(2000000 + 8)),
-        };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf2, &info, &mut state);
-
-        let buf2 = buf2.finish(&constants, state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-
-        assert_eq!(&buf.data[2000000..], &buf2.data[..]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_multiple_redirect() {
-        // label0:
-        //   cbz x0, label1
-        //   b label2
-        // label1:
-        //   b label3
-        // label2:
-        //   nop
-        //   nop
-        //   b label0
-        // label3:
-        //   b label4
-        // label4:
-        //   b label5
-        // label5:
-        //   b label7
-        // label6:
-        //   nop
-        // label7:
-        //   ret
-        //
-        // -- should become:
-        //
-        // label0:
-        //   cbz x0, label7
-        // label2:
-        //   nop
-        //   nop
-        //   b label0
-        // label6:
-        //   nop
-        // label7:
-        //   ret
-
-        let info = EmitInfo::new(settings::Flags::new(settings::builder()));
-        let mut buf = MachBuffer::new();
-        let mut state = <Inst as MachInstEmit>::State::default();
-        let constants = Default::default();
-
-        buf.reserve_labels_for_blocks(8);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(0), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::CondBr {
-            kind: CondBrKind::Zero(xreg(0)),
-            taken: target(1),
-            not_taken: target(2),
-        };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(1), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Jump { dest: target(3) };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(2), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Nop4;
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-        let inst = Inst::Jump { dest: target(0) };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(3), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Jump { dest: target(4) };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(4), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Jump { dest: target(5) };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(5), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Jump { dest: target(7) };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(6), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Nop4;
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(7), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Ret {
-            rets: vec![],
-            stack_bytes_to_pop: 0,
-        };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        let buf = buf.finish(&constants, state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-
-        let golden_data = vec![
-            0xa0, 0x00, 0x00, 0xb4, // cbz x0, 0x14
-            0x1f, 0x20, 0x03, 0xd5, // nop
-            0x1f, 0x20, 0x03, 0xd5, // nop
-            0xfd, 0xff, 0xff, 0x17, // b 0
-            0x1f, 0x20, 0x03, 0xd5, // nop
-            0xc0, 0x03, 0x5f, 0xd6, // ret
-        ];
-
-        assert_eq!(&golden_data[..], &buf.data[..]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_handle_branch_cycle() {
-        // label0:
-        //   b label1
-        // label1:
-        //   b label2
-        // label2:
-        //   b label3
-        // label3:
-        //   b label4
-        // label4:
-        //   b label1  // note: not label0 (to make it interesting).
-        //
-        // -- should become:
-        //
-        // label0, label1, ..., label4:
-        //   b label0
-        let info = EmitInfo::new(settings::Flags::new(settings::builder()));
-        let mut buf = MachBuffer::new();
-        let mut state = <Inst as MachInstEmit>::State::default();
-        let constants = Default::default();
-
-        buf.reserve_labels_for_blocks(5);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(0), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Jump { dest: target(1) };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(1), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Jump { dest: target(2) };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(2), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Jump { dest: target(3) };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(3), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Jump { dest: target(4) };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(4), state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-        let inst = Inst::Jump { dest: target(1) };
-        inst.emit(&[], &mut buf, &info, &mut state);
-
-        let buf = buf.finish(&constants, state.ctrl_plane_mut());
-
-        let golden_data = vec![
-            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x14, // b 0
-        ];
-
-        assert_eq!(&golden_data[..], &buf.data[..]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn metadata_records() {
-        let mut buf = MachBuffer::<Inst>::new();
-        let ctrl_plane = &mut Default::default();
-        let constants = Default::default();
-
-        buf.reserve_labels_for_blocks(1);
-
-        buf.bind_label(label(0), ctrl_plane);
-        buf.put1(1);
-        buf.add_trap(TrapCode::HeapOutOfBounds);
-        buf.put1(2);
-        buf.add_trap(TrapCode::IntegerOverflow);
-        buf.add_trap(TrapCode::IntegerDivisionByZero);
-        buf.add_call_site(Opcode::Call);
-        buf.add_reloc(
-            Reloc::Abs4,
-            &ExternalName::User(UserExternalNameRef::new(0)),
-            0,
-        );
-        buf.put1(3);
-        buf.add_reloc(
-            Reloc::Abs8,
-            &ExternalName::User(UserExternalNameRef::new(1)),
-            1,
-        );
-        buf.put1(4);
-
-        let buf = buf.finish(&constants, ctrl_plane);
-
-        assert_eq!(buf.data(), &[1, 2, 3, 4]);
-        assert_eq!(
-            buf.traps()
-                .iter()
-                .map(|trap| (trap.offset, trap.code))
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-            vec![
-                (1, TrapCode::HeapOutOfBounds),
-                (2, TrapCode::IntegerOverflow),
-                (2, TrapCode::IntegerDivisionByZero)
-            ]
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            buf.call_sites()
-                .iter()
-                .map(|call_site| (call_site.ret_addr, call_site.opcode))
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-            vec![(2, Opcode::Call)]
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            buf.relocs()
-                .iter()
-                .map(|reloc| (reloc.offset, reloc.kind))
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-            vec![(2, Reloc::Abs4), (3, Reloc::Abs8)]
-        );
-    }
-}