wasmtime 10.0.1 → 11.0.0

data/ext/cargo-vendor/gimli-0.28.0/src/read/op.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,4119 @@
+//! Functions for parsing and evaluating DWARF expressions.
+
+#[cfg(feature = "read")]
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::mem;
+
+use super::util::{ArrayLike, ArrayVec};
+use crate::common::{DebugAddrIndex, DebugInfoOffset, Encoding, Register};
+use crate::constants;
+use crate::read::{Error, Reader, ReaderOffset, Result, StoreOnHeap, UnitOffset, Value, ValueType};
+
+/// A reference to a DIE, either relative to the current CU or
+/// relative to the section.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum DieReference<T = usize> {
+    /// A CU-relative reference.
+    UnitRef(UnitOffset<T>),
+    /// A section-relative reference.
+    DebugInfoRef(DebugInfoOffset<T>),
+}
+
+/// A single decoded DWARF expression operation.
+///
+/// DWARF expression evaluation is done in two parts: first the raw
+/// bytes of the next part of the expression are decoded; and then the
+/// decoded operation is evaluated.  This approach lets other
+/// consumers inspect the DWARF expression without reimplementing the
+/// decoding operation.
+///
+/// Multiple DWARF opcodes may decode into a single `Operation`.  For
+/// example, both `DW_OP_deref` and `DW_OP_xderef` are represented
+/// using `Operation::Deref`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Operation<R, Offset = <R as Reader>::Offset>
+where
+    R: Reader<Offset = Offset>,
+    Offset: ReaderOffset,
+{
+    /// Dereference the topmost value of the stack.
+    Deref {
+        /// The DIE of the base type or 0 to indicate the generic type
+        base_type: UnitOffset<Offset>,
+        /// The size of the data to dereference.
+        size: u8,
+        /// True if the dereference operation takes an address space
+        /// argument from the stack; false otherwise.
+        space: bool,
+    },
+    /// Drop an item from the stack.
+    Drop,
+    /// Pick an item from the stack and push it on top of the stack.
+    /// This operation handles `DW_OP_pick`, `DW_OP_dup`, and
+    /// `DW_OP_over`.
+    Pick {
+        /// The index, from the top of the stack, of the item to copy.
+        index: u8,
+    },
+    /// Swap the top two stack items.
+    Swap,
+    /// Rotate the top three stack items.
+    Rot,
+    /// Take the absolute value of the top of the stack.
+    Abs,
+    /// Bitwise `and` of the top two values on the stack.
+    And,
+    /// Divide the top two values on the stack.
+    Div,
+    /// Subtract the top two values on the stack.
+    Minus,
+    /// Modulus of the top two values on the stack.
+    Mod,
+    /// Multiply the top two values on the stack.
+    Mul,
+    /// Negate the top of the stack.
+    Neg,
+    /// Bitwise `not` of the top of the stack.
+    Not,
+    /// Bitwise `or` of the top two values on the stack.
+    Or,
+    /// Add the top two values on the stack.
+    Plus,
+    /// Add a constant to the topmost value on the stack.
+    PlusConstant {
+        /// The value to add.
+        value: u64,
+    },
+    /// Logical left shift of the 2nd value on the stack by the number
+    /// of bits given by the topmost value on the stack.
+    Shl,
+    /// Right shift of the 2nd value on the stack by the number of
+    /// bits given by the topmost value on the stack.
+    Shr,
+    /// Arithmetic left shift of the 2nd value on the stack by the
+    /// number of bits given by the topmost value on the stack.
+    Shra,
+    /// Bitwise `xor` of the top two values on the stack.
+    Xor,
+    /// Branch to the target location if the top of stack is nonzero.
+    Bra {
+        /// The relative offset to the target bytecode.
+        target: i16,
+    },
+    /// Compare the top two stack values for equality.
+    Eq,
+    /// Compare the top two stack values using `>=`.
+    Ge,
+    /// Compare the top two stack values using `>`.
+    Gt,
+    /// Compare the top two stack values using `<=`.
+    Le,
+    /// Compare the top two stack values using `<`.
+    Lt,
+    /// Compare the top two stack values using `!=`.
+    Ne,
+    /// Unconditional branch to the target location.
+    Skip {
+        /// The relative offset to the target bytecode.
+        target: i16,
+    },
+    /// Push an unsigned constant value on the stack.  This handles multiple
+    /// DWARF opcodes.
+    UnsignedConstant {
+        /// The value to push.
+        value: u64,
+    },
+    /// Push a signed constant value on the stack.  This handles multiple
+    /// DWARF opcodes.
+    SignedConstant {
+        /// The value to push.
+        value: i64,
+    },
+    /// Indicate that this piece's location is in the given register.
+    ///
+    /// Completes the piece or expression.
+    Register {
+        /// The register number.
+        register: Register,
+    },
+    /// Find the value of the given register, add the offset, and then
+    /// push the resulting sum on the stack.
+    RegisterOffset {
+        /// The register number.
+        register: Register,
+        /// The offset to add.
+        offset: i64,
+        /// The DIE of the base type or 0 to indicate the generic type
+        base_type: UnitOffset<Offset>,
+    },
+    /// Compute the frame base (using `DW_AT_frame_base`), add the
+    /// given offset, and then push the resulting sum on the stack.
+    FrameOffset {
+        /// The offset to add.
+        offset: i64,
+    },
+    /// No operation.
+    Nop,
+    /// Push the object address on the stack.
+    PushObjectAddress,
+    /// Evaluate a DWARF expression as a subroutine.  The expression
+    /// comes from the `DW_AT_location` attribute of the indicated
+    /// DIE.
+    Call {
+        /// The DIE to use.
+        offset: DieReference<Offset>,
+    },
+    /// Compute the address of a thread-local variable and push it on
+    /// the stack.
+    TLS,
+    /// Compute the call frame CFA and push it on the stack.
+    CallFrameCFA,
+    /// Terminate a piece.
+    Piece {
+        /// The size of this piece in bits.
+        size_in_bits: u64,
+        /// The bit offset of this piece.  If `None`, then this piece
+        /// was specified using `DW_OP_piece` and should start at the
+        /// next byte boundary.
+        bit_offset: Option<u64>,
+    },
+    /// The object has no location, but has a known constant value.
+    ///
+    /// Represents `DW_OP_implicit_value`.
+    /// Completes the piece or expression.
+    ImplicitValue {
+        /// The implicit value to use.
+        data: R,
+    },
+    /// The object has no location, but its value is at the top of the stack.
+    ///
+    /// Represents `DW_OP_stack_value`.
+    /// Completes the piece or expression.
+    StackValue,
+    /// The object is a pointer to a value which has no actual location,
+    /// such as an implicit value or a stack value.
+    ///
+    /// Represents `DW_OP_implicit_pointer`.
+    /// Completes the piece or expression.
+    ImplicitPointer {
+        /// The `.debug_info` offset of the value that this is an implicit pointer into.
+        value: DebugInfoOffset<Offset>,
+        /// The byte offset into the value that the implicit pointer points to.
+        byte_offset: i64,
+    },
+    /// Evaluate an expression at the entry to the current subprogram, and push it on the stack.
+    ///
+    /// Represents `DW_OP_entry_value`.
+    EntryValue {
+        /// The expression to be evaluated.
+        expression: R,
+    },
+    /// This represents a parameter that was optimized out.
+    ///
+    /// The offset points to the definition of the parameter, and is
+    /// matched to the `DW_TAG_GNU_call_site_parameter` in the caller that also
+    /// points to the same definition of the parameter.
+    ///
+    /// Represents `DW_OP_GNU_parameter_ref`.
+    ParameterRef {
+        /// The DIE to use.
+        offset: UnitOffset<Offset>,
+    },
+    /// Relocate the address if needed, and push it on the stack.
+    ///
+    /// Represents `DW_OP_addr`.
+    Address {
+        /// The offset to add.
+        address: u64,
+    },
+    /// Read the address at the given index in `.debug_addr, relocate the address if needed,
+    /// and push it on the stack.
+    ///
+    /// Represents `DW_OP_addrx`.
+    AddressIndex {
+        /// The index of the address in `.debug_addr`.
+        index: DebugAddrIndex<Offset>,
+    },
+    /// Read the address at the given index in `.debug_addr, and push it on the stack.
+    /// Do not relocate the address.
+    ///
+    /// Represents `DW_OP_constx`.
+    ConstantIndex {
+        /// The index of the address in `.debug_addr`.
+        index: DebugAddrIndex<Offset>,
+    },
+    /// Interpret the value bytes as a constant of a given type, and push it on the stack.
+    ///
+    /// Represents `DW_OP_const_type`.
+    TypedLiteral {
+        /// The DIE of the base type.
+        base_type: UnitOffset<Offset>,
+        /// The value bytes.
+        value: R,
+    },
+    /// Pop the top stack entry, convert it to a different type, and push it on the stack.
+    ///
+    /// Represents `DW_OP_convert`.
+    Convert {
+        /// The DIE of the base type.
+        base_type: UnitOffset<Offset>,
+    },
+    /// Pop the top stack entry, reinterpret the bits in its value as a different type,
+    /// and push it on the stack.
+    ///
+    /// Represents `DW_OP_reinterpret`.
+    Reinterpret {
+        /// The DIE of the base type.
+        base_type: UnitOffset<Offset>,
+    },
+    /// The index of a local in the currently executing function.
+    ///
+    /// Represents `DW_OP_WASM_location 0x00`.
+    /// Completes the piece or expression.
+    WasmLocal {
+        /// The index of the local.
+        index: u32,
+    },
+    /// The index of a global.
+    ///
+    /// Represents `DW_OP_WASM_location 0x01` or `DW_OP_WASM_location 0x03`.
+    /// Completes the piece or expression.
+    WasmGlobal {
+        /// The index of the global.
+        index: u32,
+    },
+    /// The index of an item on the operand stack.
+    ///
+    /// Represents `DW_OP_WASM_location 0x02`.
+    /// Completes the piece or expression.
+    WasmStack {
+        /// The index of the stack item. 0 is the bottom of the operand stack.
+        index: u32,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum OperationEvaluationResult<R: Reader> {
+    Piece,
+    Incomplete,
+    Complete { location: Location<R> },
+    Waiting(EvaluationWaiting<R>, EvaluationResult<R>),
+}
+
+/// A single location of a piece of the result of a DWARF expression.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Location<R, Offset = <R as Reader>::Offset>
+where
+    R: Reader<Offset = Offset>,
+    Offset: ReaderOffset,
+{
+    /// The piece is empty.  Ordinarily this means the piece has been
+    /// optimized away.
+    Empty,
+    /// The piece is found in a register.
+    Register {
+        /// The register number.
+        register: Register,
+    },
+    /// The piece is found in memory.
+    Address {
+        /// The address.
+        address: u64,
+    },
+    /// The piece has no location but its value is known.
+    Value {
+        /// The value.
+        value: Value,
+    },
+    /// The piece is represented by some constant bytes.
+    Bytes {
+        /// The value.
+        value: R,
+    },
+    /// The piece is a pointer to a value which has no actual location.
+    ImplicitPointer {
+        /// The `.debug_info` offset of the value that this is an implicit pointer into.
+        value: DebugInfoOffset<Offset>,
+        /// The byte offset into the value that the implicit pointer points to.
+        byte_offset: i64,
+    },
+}
+
+impl<R, Offset> Location<R, Offset>
+where
+    R: Reader<Offset = Offset>,
+    Offset: ReaderOffset,
+{
+    /// Return true if the piece is empty.
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(*self, Location::Empty)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The description of a single piece of the result of a DWARF
+/// expression.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Piece<R, Offset = <R as Reader>::Offset>
+where
+    R: Reader<Offset = Offset>,
+    Offset: ReaderOffset,
+{
+    /// If given, the size of the piece in bits.  If `None`, there
+    /// must be only one piece whose size is all of the object.
+    pub size_in_bits: Option<u64>,
+    /// If given, the bit offset of the piece within the location.
+    /// If the location is a `Location::Register` or `Location::Value`,
+    /// then this offset is from the least significant bit end of
+    /// the register or value.
+    /// If the location is a `Location::Address` then the offset uses
+    /// the bit numbering and direction conventions of the language
+    /// and target system.
+    ///
+    /// If `None`, the piece starts at the location. If the
+    /// location is a register whose size is larger than the piece,
+    /// then placement within the register is defined by the ABI.
+    pub bit_offset: Option<u64>,
+    /// Where this piece is to be found.
+    pub location: Location<R, Offset>,
+}
+
+// A helper function to handle branch offsets.
+fn compute_pc<R: Reader>(pc: &R, bytecode: &R, offset: i16) -> Result<R> {
+    let pc_offset = pc.offset_from(bytecode);
+    let new_pc_offset = pc_offset.wrapping_add(R::Offset::from_i16(offset));
+    if new_pc_offset > bytecode.len() {
+        Err(Error::BadBranchTarget(new_pc_offset.into_u64()))
+    } else {
+        let mut new_pc = bytecode.clone();
+        new_pc.skip(new_pc_offset)?;
+        Ok(new_pc)
+    }
+}
+
+fn generic_type<O: ReaderOffset>() -> UnitOffset<O> {
+    UnitOffset(O::from_u64(0).unwrap())
+}
+
+impl<R, Offset> Operation<R, Offset>
+where
+    R: Reader<Offset = Offset>,
+    Offset: ReaderOffset,
+{
+    /// Parse a single DWARF expression operation.
+    ///
+    /// This is useful when examining a DWARF expression for reasons other
+    /// than direct evaluation.
+    ///
+    /// `bytes` points to a the operation to decode.  It should point into
+    /// the same array as `bytecode`, which should be the entire
+    /// expression.
+    pub fn parse(bytes: &mut R, encoding: Encoding) -> Result<Operation<R, Offset>> {
+        let opcode = bytes.read_u8()?;
+        let name = constants::DwOp(opcode);
+        match name {
+            constants::DW_OP_addr => {
+                let address = bytes.read_address(encoding.address_size)?;
+                Ok(Operation::Address { address })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_deref => Ok(Operation::Deref {
+                base_type: generic_type(),
+                size: encoding.address_size,
+                space: false,
+            }),
+            constants::DW_OP_const1u => {
+                let value = bytes.read_u8()?;
+                Ok(Operation::UnsignedConstant {
+                    value: u64::from(value),
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_const1s => {
+                let value = bytes.read_i8()?;
+                Ok(Operation::SignedConstant {
+                    value: i64::from(value),
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_const2u => {
+                let value = bytes.read_u16()?;
+                Ok(Operation::UnsignedConstant {
+                    value: u64::from(value),
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_const2s => {
+                let value = bytes.read_i16()?;
+                Ok(Operation::SignedConstant {
+                    value: i64::from(value),
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_const4u => {
+                let value = bytes.read_u32()?;
+                Ok(Operation::UnsignedConstant {
+                    value: u64::from(value),
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_const4s => {
+                let value = bytes.read_i32()?;
+                Ok(Operation::SignedConstant {
+                    value: i64::from(value),
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_const8u => {
+                let value = bytes.read_u64()?;
+                Ok(Operation::UnsignedConstant { value })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_const8s => {
+                let value = bytes.read_i64()?;
+                Ok(Operation::SignedConstant { value })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_constu => {
+                let value = bytes.read_uleb128()?;
+                Ok(Operation::UnsignedConstant { value })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_consts => {
+                let value = bytes.read_sleb128()?;
+                Ok(Operation::SignedConstant { value })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_dup => Ok(Operation::Pick { index: 0 }),
+            constants::DW_OP_drop => Ok(Operation::Drop),
+            constants::DW_OP_over => Ok(Operation::Pick { index: 1 }),
+            constants::DW_OP_pick => {
+                let value = bytes.read_u8()?;
+                Ok(Operation::Pick { index: value })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_swap => Ok(Operation::Swap),
+            constants::DW_OP_rot => Ok(Operation::Rot),
+            constants::DW_OP_xderef => Ok(Operation::Deref {
+                base_type: generic_type(),
+                size: encoding.address_size,
+                space: true,
+            }),
+            constants::DW_OP_abs => Ok(Operation::Abs),
+            constants::DW_OP_and => Ok(Operation::And),
+            constants::DW_OP_div => Ok(Operation::Div),
+            constants::DW_OP_minus => Ok(Operation::Minus),
+            constants::DW_OP_mod => Ok(Operation::Mod),
+            constants::DW_OP_mul => Ok(Operation::Mul),
+            constants::DW_OP_neg => Ok(Operation::Neg),
+            constants::DW_OP_not => Ok(Operation::Not),
+            constants::DW_OP_or => Ok(Operation::Or),
+            constants::DW_OP_plus => Ok(Operation::Plus),
+            constants::DW_OP_plus_uconst => {
+                let value = bytes.read_uleb128()?;
+                Ok(Operation::PlusConstant { value })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_shl => Ok(Operation::Shl),
+            constants::DW_OP_shr => Ok(Operation::Shr),
+            constants::DW_OP_shra => Ok(Operation::Shra),
+            constants::DW_OP_xor => Ok(Operation::Xor),
+            constants::DW_OP_bra => {
+                let target = bytes.read_i16()?;
+                Ok(Operation::Bra { target })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_eq => Ok(Operation::Eq),
+            constants::DW_OP_ge => Ok(Operation::Ge),
+            constants::DW_OP_gt => Ok(Operation::Gt),
+            constants::DW_OP_le => Ok(Operation::Le),
+            constants::DW_OP_lt => Ok(Operation::Lt),
+            constants::DW_OP_ne => Ok(Operation::Ne),
+            constants::DW_OP_skip => {
+                let target = bytes.read_i16()?;
+                Ok(Operation::Skip { target })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_lit0
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit1
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit2
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit3
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit4
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit5
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit6
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit7
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit8
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit9
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit10
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit11
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit12
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit13
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit14
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit15
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit16
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit17
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit18
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit19
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit20
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit21
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit22
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit23
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit24
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit25
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit26
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit27
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit28
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit29
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit30
+            | constants::DW_OP_lit31 => Ok(Operation::UnsignedConstant {
+                value: (opcode - constants::DW_OP_lit0.0).into(),
+            }),
+            constants::DW_OP_reg0
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg1
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg2
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg3
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg4
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg5
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg6
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg7
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg8
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg9
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg10
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg11
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg12
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg13
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg14
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg15
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg16
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg17
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg18
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg19
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg20
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg21
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg22
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg23
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg24
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg25
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg26
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg27
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg28
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg29
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg30
+            | constants::DW_OP_reg31 => Ok(Operation::Register {
+                register: Register((opcode - constants::DW_OP_reg0.0).into()),
+            }),
+            constants::DW_OP_breg0
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg1
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg2
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg3
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg4
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg5
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg6
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg7
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg8
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg9
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg10
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg11
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg12
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg13
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg14
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg15
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg16
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg17
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg18
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg19
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg20
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg21
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg22
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg23
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg24
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg25
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg26
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg27
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg28
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg29
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg30
+            | constants::DW_OP_breg31 => {
+                let value = bytes.read_sleb128()?;
+                Ok(Operation::RegisterOffset {
+                    register: Register((opcode - constants::DW_OP_breg0.0).into()),
+                    offset: value,
+                    base_type: generic_type(),
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_regx => {
+                let register = bytes.read_uleb128().and_then(Register::from_u64)?;
+                Ok(Operation::Register { register })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_fbreg => {
+                let value = bytes.read_sleb128()?;
+                Ok(Operation::FrameOffset { offset: value })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_bregx => {
+                let register = bytes.read_uleb128().and_then(Register::from_u64)?;
+                let offset = bytes.read_sleb128()?;
+                Ok(Operation::RegisterOffset {
+                    register,
+                    offset,
+                    base_type: generic_type(),
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_piece => {
+                let size = bytes.read_uleb128()?;
+                Ok(Operation::Piece {
+                    size_in_bits: 8 * size,
+                    bit_offset: None,
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_deref_size => {
+                let size = bytes.read_u8()?;
+                Ok(Operation::Deref {
+                    base_type: generic_type(),
+                    size,
+                    space: false,
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_xderef_size => {
+                let size = bytes.read_u8()?;
+                Ok(Operation::Deref {
+                    base_type: generic_type(),
+                    size,
+                    space: true,
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_nop => Ok(Operation::Nop),
+            constants::DW_OP_push_object_address => Ok(Operation::PushObjectAddress),
+            constants::DW_OP_call2 => {
+                let value = bytes.read_u16().map(R::Offset::from_u16)?;
+                Ok(Operation::Call {
+                    offset: DieReference::UnitRef(UnitOffset(value)),
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_call4 => {
+                let value = bytes.read_u32().map(R::Offset::from_u32)?;
+                Ok(Operation::Call {
+                    offset: DieReference::UnitRef(UnitOffset(value)),
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_call_ref => {
+                let value = bytes.read_offset(encoding.format)?;
+                Ok(Operation::Call {
+                    offset: DieReference::DebugInfoRef(DebugInfoOffset(value)),
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_form_tls_address | constants::DW_OP_GNU_push_tls_address => {
+                Ok(Operation::TLS)
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_call_frame_cfa => Ok(Operation::CallFrameCFA),
+            constants::DW_OP_bit_piece => {
+                let size = bytes.read_uleb128()?;
+                let offset = bytes.read_uleb128()?;
+                Ok(Operation::Piece {
+                    size_in_bits: size,
+                    bit_offset: Some(offset),
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_implicit_value => {
+                let len = bytes.read_uleb128().and_then(R::Offset::from_u64)?;
+                let data = bytes.split(len)?;
+                Ok(Operation::ImplicitValue { data })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_stack_value => Ok(Operation::StackValue),
+            constants::DW_OP_implicit_pointer | constants::DW_OP_GNU_implicit_pointer => {
+                let value = if encoding.version == 2 {
+                    bytes
+                        .read_address(encoding.address_size)
+                        .and_then(Offset::from_u64)?
+                } else {
+                    bytes.read_offset(encoding.format)?
+                };
+                let byte_offset = bytes.read_sleb128()?;
+                Ok(Operation::ImplicitPointer {
+                    value: DebugInfoOffset(value),
+                    byte_offset,
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_addrx | constants::DW_OP_GNU_addr_index => {
+                let index = bytes.read_uleb128().and_then(R::Offset::from_u64)?;
+                Ok(Operation::AddressIndex {
+                    index: DebugAddrIndex(index),
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_constx | constants::DW_OP_GNU_const_index => {
+                let index = bytes.read_uleb128().and_then(R::Offset::from_u64)?;
+                Ok(Operation::ConstantIndex {
+                    index: DebugAddrIndex(index),
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_entry_value | constants::DW_OP_GNU_entry_value => {
+                let len = bytes.read_uleb128().and_then(R::Offset::from_u64)?;
+                let expression = bytes.split(len)?;
+                Ok(Operation::EntryValue { expression })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_GNU_parameter_ref => {
+                let value = bytes.read_u32().map(R::Offset::from_u32)?;
+                Ok(Operation::ParameterRef {
+                    offset: UnitOffset(value),
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_const_type | constants::DW_OP_GNU_const_type => {
+                let base_type = bytes.read_uleb128().and_then(R::Offset::from_u64)?;
+                let len = bytes.read_u8()?;
+                let value = bytes.split(R::Offset::from_u8(len))?;
+                Ok(Operation::TypedLiteral {
+                    base_type: UnitOffset(base_type),
+                    value,
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_regval_type | constants::DW_OP_GNU_regval_type => {
+                let register = bytes.read_uleb128().and_then(Register::from_u64)?;
+                let base_type = bytes.read_uleb128().and_then(R::Offset::from_u64)?;
+                Ok(Operation::RegisterOffset {
+                    register,
+                    offset: 0,
+                    base_type: UnitOffset(base_type),
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_deref_type | constants::DW_OP_GNU_deref_type => {
+                let size = bytes.read_u8()?;
+                let base_type = bytes.read_uleb128().and_then(R::Offset::from_u64)?;
+                Ok(Operation::Deref {
+                    base_type: UnitOffset(base_type),
+                    size,
+                    space: false,
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_xderef_type => {
+                let size = bytes.read_u8()?;
+                let base_type = bytes.read_uleb128().and_then(R::Offset::from_u64)?;
+                Ok(Operation::Deref {
+                    base_type: UnitOffset(base_type),
+                    size,
+                    space: true,
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_convert | constants::DW_OP_GNU_convert => {
+                let base_type = bytes.read_uleb128().and_then(R::Offset::from_u64)?;
+                Ok(Operation::Convert {
+                    base_type: UnitOffset(base_type),
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_reinterpret | constants::DW_OP_GNU_reinterpret => {
+                let base_type = bytes.read_uleb128().and_then(R::Offset::from_u64)?;
+                Ok(Operation::Reinterpret {
+                    base_type: UnitOffset(base_type),
+                })
+            }
+            constants::DW_OP_WASM_location => match bytes.read_u8()? {
+                0x0 => {
+                    let index = bytes.read_uleb128_u32()?;
+                    Ok(Operation::WasmLocal { index })
+                }
+                0x1 => {
+                    let index = bytes.read_uleb128_u32()?;
+                    Ok(Operation::WasmGlobal { index })
+                }
+                0x2 => {
+                    let index = bytes.read_uleb128_u32()?;
+                    Ok(Operation::WasmStack { index })
+                }
+                0x3 => {
+                    let index = bytes.read_u32()?;
+                    Ok(Operation::WasmGlobal { index })
+                }
+                _ => Err(Error::InvalidExpression(name)),
+            },
+            _ => Err(Error::InvalidExpression(name)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum EvaluationState<R: Reader> {
+    Start(Option<u64>),
+    Ready,
+    Error(Error),
+    Complete,
+    Waiting(EvaluationWaiting<R>),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum EvaluationWaiting<R: Reader> {
+    Memory,
+    Register { offset: i64 },
+    FrameBase { offset: i64 },
+    Tls,
+    Cfa,
+    AtLocation,
+    EntryValue,
+    ParameterRef,
+    RelocatedAddress,
+    IndexedAddress,
+    TypedLiteral { value: R },
+    Convert,
+    Reinterpret,
+}
+
+/// The state of an `Evaluation` after evaluating a DWARF expression.
+/// The evaluation is either `Complete`, or it requires more data
+/// to continue, as described by the variant.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum EvaluationResult<R: Reader> {
+    /// The `Evaluation` is complete, and `Evaluation::result()` can be called.
+    Complete,
+    /// The `Evaluation` needs a value from memory to proceed further.  Once the
+    /// caller determines what value to provide it should resume the `Evaluation`
+    /// by calling `Evaluation::resume_with_memory`.
+    RequiresMemory {
+        /// The address of the value required.
+        address: u64,
+        /// The size of the value required. This is guaranteed to be at most the
+        /// word size of the target architecture.
+        size: u8,
+        /// If not `None`, a target-specific address space value.
+        space: Option<u64>,
+        /// The DIE of the base type or 0 to indicate the generic type
+        base_type: UnitOffset<R::Offset>,
+    },
+    /// The `Evaluation` needs a value from a register to proceed further.  Once
+    /// the caller determines what value to provide it should resume the
+    /// `Evaluation` by calling `Evaluation::resume_with_register`.
+    RequiresRegister {
+        /// The register number.
+        register: Register,
+        /// The DIE of the base type or 0 to indicate the generic type
+        base_type: UnitOffset<R::Offset>,
+    },
+    /// The `Evaluation` needs the frame base address to proceed further.  Once
+    /// the caller determines what value to provide it should resume the
+    /// `Evaluation` by calling `Evaluation::resume_with_frame_base`.  The frame
+    /// base address is the address produced by the location description in the
+    /// `DW_AT_frame_base` attribute of the current function.
+    RequiresFrameBase,
+    /// The `Evaluation` needs a value from TLS to proceed further.  Once the
+    /// caller determines what value to provide it should resume the
+    /// `Evaluation` by calling `Evaluation::resume_with_tls`.
+    RequiresTls(u64),
+    /// The `Evaluation` needs the CFA to proceed further.  Once the caller
+    /// determines what value to provide it should resume the `Evaluation` by
+    /// calling `Evaluation::resume_with_call_frame_cfa`.
+    RequiresCallFrameCfa,
+    /// The `Evaluation` needs the DWARF expression at the given location to
+    /// proceed further.  Once the caller determines what value to provide it
+    /// should resume the `Evaluation` by calling
+    /// `Evaluation::resume_with_at_location`.
+    RequiresAtLocation(DieReference<R::Offset>),
+    /// The `Evaluation` needs the value produced by evaluating a DWARF
+    /// expression at the entry point of the current subprogram.  Once the
+    /// caller determines what value to provide it should resume the
+    /// `Evaluation` by calling `Evaluation::resume_with_entry_value`.
+    RequiresEntryValue(Expression<R>),
+    /// The `Evaluation` needs the value of the parameter at the given location
+    /// in the current function's caller.  Once the caller determines what value
+    /// to provide it should resume the `Evaluation` by calling
+    /// `Evaluation::resume_with_parameter_ref`.
+    RequiresParameterRef(UnitOffset<R::Offset>),
+    /// The `Evaluation` needs an address to be relocated to proceed further.
+    /// Once the caller determines what value to provide it should resume the
+    /// `Evaluation` by calling `Evaluation::resume_with_relocated_address`.
+    RequiresRelocatedAddress(u64),
+    /// The `Evaluation` needs an address from the `.debug_addr` section.
+    /// This address may also need to be relocated.
+    /// Once the caller determines what value to provide it should resume the
+    /// `Evaluation` by calling `Evaluation::resume_with_indexed_address`.
+    RequiresIndexedAddress {
+        /// The index of the address in the `.debug_addr` section,
+        /// relative to the `DW_AT_addr_base` of the compilation unit.
+        index: DebugAddrIndex<R::Offset>,
+        /// Whether the address also needs to be relocated.
+        relocate: bool,
+    },
+    /// The `Evaluation` needs the `ValueType` for the base type DIE at
+    /// the give unit offset.  Once the caller determines what value to provide it
+    /// should resume the `Evaluation` by calling
+    /// `Evaluation::resume_with_base_type`.
+    RequiresBaseType(UnitOffset<R::Offset>),
+}
+
+/// The bytecode for a DWARF expression or location description.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct Expression<R: Reader>(pub R);
+
+impl<R: Reader> Expression<R> {
+    /// Create an evaluation for this expression.
+    ///
+    /// The `encoding` is determined by the
+    /// [`CompilationUnitHeader`](struct.CompilationUnitHeader.html) or
+    /// [`TypeUnitHeader`](struct.TypeUnitHeader.html) that this expression
+    /// relates to.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    /// ```rust,no_run
+    /// use gimli::Expression;
+    /// # let endian = gimli::LittleEndian;
+    /// # let debug_info = gimli::DebugInfo::from(gimli::EndianSlice::new(&[], endian));
+    /// # let unit = debug_info.units().next().unwrap().unwrap();
+    /// # let bytecode = gimli::EndianSlice::new(&[], endian);
+    /// let expression = gimli::Expression(bytecode);
+    /// let mut eval = expression.evaluation(unit.encoding());
+    /// let mut result = eval.evaluate().unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    #[cfg(feature = "read")]
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn evaluation(self, encoding: Encoding) -> Evaluation<R> {
+        Evaluation::new(self.0, encoding)
+    }
+
+    /// Return an iterator for the operations in the expression.
+    pub fn operations(self, encoding: Encoding) -> OperationIter<R> {
+        OperationIter {
+            input: self.0,
+            encoding,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// An iterator for the operations in an expression.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct OperationIter<R: Reader> {
+    input: R,
+    encoding: Encoding,
+}
+
+impl<R: Reader> OperationIter<R> {
+    /// Read the next operation in an expression.
+    pub fn next(&mut self) -> Result<Option<Operation<R>>> {
+        if self.input.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(None);
+        }
+        match Operation::parse(&mut self.input, self.encoding) {
+            Ok(op) => Ok(Some(op)),
+            Err(e) => {
+                self.input.empty();
+                Err(e)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return the current byte offset of the iterator.
+    pub fn offset_from(&self, expression: &Expression<R>) -> R::Offset {
+        self.input.offset_from(&expression.0)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "fallible-iterator")]
+impl<R: Reader> fallible_iterator::FallibleIterator for OperationIter<R> {
+    type Item = Operation<R>;
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> ::core::result::Result<Option<Self::Item>, Self::Error> {
+        OperationIter::next(self)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Specification of what storage should be used for [`Evaluation`].
+///
+#[cfg_attr(
+    feature = "read",
+    doc = "
+Normally you would only need to use [`StoreOnHeap`], which places the stacks and the results
+on the heap using [`Vec`]. This is the default storage type parameter for [`Evaluation`].
+"
+)]
+///
+/// If you need to avoid [`Evaluation`] from allocating memory, e.g. for signal safety,
+/// you can provide you own storage specification:
+/// ```rust,no_run
+/// # use gimli::*;
+/// # let bytecode = EndianSlice::new(&[], LittleEndian);
+/// # let encoding = unimplemented!();
+/// # let get_register_value = |_, _| Value::Generic(42);
+/// # let get_frame_base = || 0xdeadbeef;
+/// #
+/// struct StoreOnStack;
+///
+/// impl<R: Reader> EvaluationStorage<R> for StoreOnStack {
+///     type Stack = [Value; 64];
+///     type ExpressionStack = [(R, R); 4];
+///     type Result = [Piece<R>; 1];
+/// }
+///
+/// let mut eval = Evaluation::<_, StoreOnStack>::new_in(bytecode, encoding);
+/// let mut result = eval.evaluate().unwrap();
+/// while result != EvaluationResult::Complete {
+///   match result {
+///     EvaluationResult::RequiresRegister { register, base_type } => {
+///       let value = get_register_value(register, base_type);
+///       result = eval.resume_with_register(value).unwrap();
+///     },
+///     EvaluationResult::RequiresFrameBase => {
+///       let frame_base = get_frame_base();
+///       result = eval.resume_with_frame_base(frame_base).unwrap();
+///     },
+///     _ => unimplemented!(),
+///   };
+/// }
+///
+/// let result = eval.as_result();
+/// println!("{:?}", result);
+/// ```
+pub trait EvaluationStorage<R: Reader> {
+    /// The storage used for the evaluation stack.
+    type Stack: ArrayLike<Item = Value>;
+    /// The storage used for the expression stack.
+    type ExpressionStack: ArrayLike<Item = (R, R)>;
+    /// The storage used for the results.
+    type Result: ArrayLike<Item = Piece<R>>;
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "read")]
+impl<R: Reader> EvaluationStorage<R> for StoreOnHeap {
+    type Stack = Vec<Value>;
+    type ExpressionStack = Vec<(R, R)>;
+    type Result = Vec<Piece<R>>;
+}
+
+/// A DWARF expression evaluator.
+///
+/// # Usage
+/// A DWARF expression may require additional data to produce a final result,
+/// such as the value of a register or a memory location.  Once initial setup
+/// is complete (i.e. `set_initial_value()`, `set_object_address()`) the
+/// consumer calls the `evaluate()` method.  That returns an `EvaluationResult`,
+/// which is either `EvaluationResult::Complete` or a value indicating what
+/// data is needed to resume the `Evaluation`.  The consumer is responsible for
+/// producing that data and resuming the computation with the correct method,
+/// as documented for `EvaluationResult`.  Only once an `EvaluationResult::Complete`
+/// is returned can the consumer call `result()`.
+///
+/// This design allows the consumer of `Evaluation` to decide how and when to
+/// produce the required data and resume the computation.  The `Evaluation` can
+/// be driven synchronously (as shown below) or by some asynchronous mechanism
+/// such as futures.
+///
+/// # Examples
+/// ```rust,no_run
+/// use gimli::{EndianSlice, Evaluation, EvaluationResult, Format, LittleEndian, Value};
+/// # let bytecode = EndianSlice::new(&[], LittleEndian);
+/// # let encoding = unimplemented!();
+/// # let get_register_value = |_, _| Value::Generic(42);
+/// # let get_frame_base = || 0xdeadbeef;
+///
+/// let mut eval = Evaluation::new(bytecode, encoding);
+/// let mut result = eval.evaluate().unwrap();
+/// while result != EvaluationResult::Complete {
+///   match result {
+///     EvaluationResult::RequiresRegister { register, base_type } => {
+///       let value = get_register_value(register, base_type);
+///       result = eval.resume_with_register(value).unwrap();
+///     },
+///     EvaluationResult::RequiresFrameBase => {
+///       let frame_base = get_frame_base();
+///       result = eval.resume_with_frame_base(frame_base).unwrap();
+///     },
+///     _ => unimplemented!(),
+///   };
+/// }
+///
+/// let result = eval.result();
+/// println!("{:?}", result);
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Evaluation<R: Reader, S: EvaluationStorage<R> = StoreOnHeap> {
+    bytecode: R,
+    encoding: Encoding,
+    object_address: Option<u64>,
+    max_iterations: Option<u32>,
+    iteration: u32,
+    state: EvaluationState<R>,
+
+    // Stack operations are done on word-sized values.  We do all
+    // operations on 64-bit values, and then mask the results
+    // appropriately when popping.
+    addr_mask: u64,
+
+    // The stack.
+    stack: ArrayVec<S::Stack>,
+
+    // The next operation to decode and evaluate.
+    pc: R,
+
+    // If we see a DW_OP_call* operation, the previous PC and bytecode
+    // is stored here while evaluating the subroutine.
+    expression_stack: ArrayVec<S::ExpressionStack>,
+
+    result: ArrayVec<S::Result>,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "read")]
+impl<R: Reader> Evaluation<R> {
+    /// Create a new DWARF expression evaluator.
+    ///
+    /// The new evaluator is created without an initial value, without
+    /// an object address, and without a maximum number of iterations.
+    pub fn new(bytecode: R, encoding: Encoding) -> Self {
+        Self::new_in(bytecode, encoding)
+    }
+
+    /// Get the result of this `Evaluation`.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// Panics if this `Evaluation` has not been driven to completion.
+    pub fn result(self) -> Vec<Piece<R>> {
+        match self.state {
+            EvaluationState::Complete => self.result.into_vec(),
+            _ => {
+                panic!("Called `Evaluation::result` on an `Evaluation` that has not been completed")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<R: Reader, S: EvaluationStorage<R>> Evaluation<R, S> {
+    /// Create a new DWARF expression evaluator.
+    ///
+    /// The new evaluator is created without an initial value, without
+    /// an object address, and without a maximum number of iterations.
+    pub fn new_in(bytecode: R, encoding: Encoding) -> Self {
+        let pc = bytecode.clone();
+        Evaluation {
+            bytecode,
+            encoding,
+            object_address: None,
+            max_iterations: None,
+            iteration: 0,
+            state: EvaluationState::Start(None),
+            addr_mask: if encoding.address_size == 8 {
+                !0u64
+            } else {
+                (1 << (8 * u64::from(encoding.address_size))) - 1
+            },
+            stack: Default::default(),
+            expression_stack: Default::default(),
+            pc,
+            result: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Set an initial value to be pushed on the DWARF expression
+    /// evaluator's stack.  This can be used in cases like
+    /// `DW_AT_vtable_elem_location`, which require a value on the
+    /// stack before evaluation commences.  If no initial value is
+    /// set, and the expression uses an opcode requiring the initial
+    /// value, then evaluation will fail with an error.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// Panics if `set_initial_value()` has already been called, or if
+    /// `evaluate()` has already been called.
+    pub fn set_initial_value(&mut self, value: u64) {
+        match self.state {
+            EvaluationState::Start(None) => {
+                self.state = EvaluationState::Start(Some(value));
+            }
+            _ => panic!(
+                "`Evaluation::set_initial_value` was called twice, or after evaluation began."
+            ),
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// Set the enclosing object's address, as used by
+    /// `DW_OP_push_object_address`.  If no object address is set, and
+    /// the expression uses an opcode requiring the object address,
+    /// then evaluation will fail with an error.
+    pub fn set_object_address(&mut self, value: u64) {
+        self.object_address = Some(value);
+    }
+
+    /// Set the maximum number of iterations to be allowed by the
+    /// expression evaluator.
+    ///
+    /// An iteration corresponds approximately to the evaluation of a
+    /// single operation in an expression ("approximately" because the
+    /// implementation may allow two such operations in some cases).
+    /// The default is not to have a maximum; once set, it's not
+    /// possible to go back to this default state.  This value can be
+    /// set to avoid denial of service attacks by bad DWARF bytecode.
+    pub fn set_max_iterations(&mut self, value: u32) {
+        self.max_iterations = Some(value);
+    }
+
+    fn pop(&mut self) -> Result<Value> {
+        match self.stack.pop() {
+            Some(value) => Ok(value),
+            None => Err(Error::NotEnoughStackItems),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn push(&mut self, value: Value) -> Result<()> {
+        self.stack.try_push(value).map_err(|_| Error::StackFull)
+    }
+
+    fn evaluate_one_operation(&mut self) -> Result<OperationEvaluationResult<R>> {
+        let operation = Operation::parse(&mut self.pc, self.encoding)?;
+
+        match operation {
+            Operation::Deref {
+                base_type,
+                size,
+                space,
+            } => {
+                let entry = self.pop()?;
+                let addr = entry.to_u64(self.addr_mask)?;
+                let addr_space = if space {
+                    let entry = self.pop()?;
+                    let value = entry.to_u64(self.addr_mask)?;
+                    Some(value)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                };
+                return Ok(OperationEvaluationResult::Waiting(
+                    EvaluationWaiting::Memory,
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresMemory {
+                        address: addr,
+                        size,
+                        space: addr_space,
+                        base_type,
+                    },
+                ));
+            }
+
+            Operation::Drop => {
+                self.pop()?;
+            }
+            Operation::Pick { index } => {
+                let len = self.stack.len();
+                let index = index as usize;
+                if index >= len {
+                    return Err(Error::NotEnoughStackItems);
+                }
+                let value = self.stack[len - index - 1];
+                self.push(value)?;
+            }
+            Operation::Swap => {
+                let top = self.pop()?;
+                let next = self.pop()?;
+                self.push(top)?;
+                self.push(next)?;
+            }
+            Operation::Rot => {
+                let one = self.pop()?;
+                let two = self.pop()?;
+                let three = self.pop()?;
+                self.push(one)?;
+                self.push(three)?;
+                self.push(two)?;
+            }
+
+            Operation::Abs => {
+                let value = self.pop()?;
+                let result = value.abs(self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+            Operation::And => {
+                let rhs = self.pop()?;
+                let lhs = self.pop()?;
+                let result = lhs.and(rhs, self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+            Operation::Div => {
+                let rhs = self.pop()?;
+                let lhs = self.pop()?;
+                let result = lhs.div(rhs, self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+            Operation::Minus => {
+                let rhs = self.pop()?;
+                let lhs = self.pop()?;
+                let result = lhs.sub(rhs, self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+            Operation::Mod => {
+                let rhs = self.pop()?;
+                let lhs = self.pop()?;
+                let result = lhs.rem(rhs, self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+            Operation::Mul => {
+                let rhs = self.pop()?;
+                let lhs = self.pop()?;
+                let result = lhs.mul(rhs, self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+            Operation::Neg => {
+                let v = self.pop()?;
+                let result = v.neg(self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+            Operation::Not => {
+                let value = self.pop()?;
+                let result = value.not(self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+            Operation::Or => {
+                let rhs = self.pop()?;
+                let lhs = self.pop()?;
+                let result = lhs.or(rhs, self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+            Operation::Plus => {
+                let rhs = self.pop()?;
+                let lhs = self.pop()?;
+                let result = lhs.add(rhs, self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+            Operation::PlusConstant { value } => {
+                let lhs = self.pop()?;
+                let rhs = Value::from_u64(lhs.value_type(), value)?;
+                let result = lhs.add(rhs, self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+            Operation::Shl => {
+                let rhs = self.pop()?;
+                let lhs = self.pop()?;
+                let result = lhs.shl(rhs, self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+            Operation::Shr => {
+                let rhs = self.pop()?;
+                let lhs = self.pop()?;
+                let result = lhs.shr(rhs, self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+            Operation::Shra => {
+                let rhs = self.pop()?;
+                let lhs = self.pop()?;
+                let result = lhs.shra(rhs, self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+            Operation::Xor => {
+                let rhs = self.pop()?;
+                let lhs = self.pop()?;
+                let result = lhs.xor(rhs, self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+
+            Operation::Bra { target } => {
+                let entry = self.pop()?;
+                let v = entry.to_u64(self.addr_mask)?;
+                if v != 0 {
+                    self.pc = compute_pc(&self.pc, &self.bytecode, target)?;
+                }
+            }
+
+            Operation::Eq => {
+                let rhs = self.pop()?;
+                let lhs = self.pop()?;
+                let result = lhs.eq(rhs, self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+            Operation::Ge => {
+                let rhs = self.pop()?;
+                let lhs = self.pop()?;
+                let result = lhs.ge(rhs, self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+            Operation::Gt => {
+                let rhs = self.pop()?;
+                let lhs = self.pop()?;
+                let result = lhs.gt(rhs, self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+            Operation::Le => {
+                let rhs = self.pop()?;
+                let lhs = self.pop()?;
+                let result = lhs.le(rhs, self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+            Operation::Lt => {
+                let rhs = self.pop()?;
+                let lhs = self.pop()?;
+                let result = lhs.lt(rhs, self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+            Operation::Ne => {
+                let rhs = self.pop()?;
+                let lhs = self.pop()?;
+                let result = lhs.ne(rhs, self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(result)?;
+            }
+
+            Operation::Skip { target } => {
+                self.pc = compute_pc(&self.pc, &self.bytecode, target)?;
+            }
+
+            Operation::UnsignedConstant { value } => {
+                self.push(Value::Generic(value))?;
+            }
+
+            Operation::SignedConstant { value } => {
+                self.push(Value::Generic(value as u64))?;
+            }
+
+            Operation::RegisterOffset {
+                register,
+                offset,
+                base_type,
+            } => {
+                return Ok(OperationEvaluationResult::Waiting(
+                    EvaluationWaiting::Register { offset },
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresRegister {
+                        register,
+                        base_type,
+                    },
+                ));
+            }
+
+            Operation::FrameOffset { offset } => {
+                return Ok(OperationEvaluationResult::Waiting(
+                    EvaluationWaiting::FrameBase { offset },
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresFrameBase,
+                ));
+            }
+
+            Operation::Nop => {}
+
+            Operation::PushObjectAddress => {
+                if let Some(value) = self.object_address {
+                    self.push(Value::Generic(value))?;
+                } else {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidPushObjectAddress);
+                }
+            }
+
+            Operation::Call { offset } => {
+                return Ok(OperationEvaluationResult::Waiting(
+                    EvaluationWaiting::AtLocation,
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresAtLocation(offset),
+                ));
+            }
+
+            Operation::TLS => {
+                let entry = self.pop()?;
+                let index = entry.to_u64(self.addr_mask)?;
+                return Ok(OperationEvaluationResult::Waiting(
+                    EvaluationWaiting::Tls,
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresTls(index),
+                ));
+            }
+
+            Operation::CallFrameCFA => {
+                return Ok(OperationEvaluationResult::Waiting(
+                    EvaluationWaiting::Cfa,
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresCallFrameCfa,
+                ));
+            }
+
+            Operation::Register { register } => {
+                let location = Location::Register { register };
+                return Ok(OperationEvaluationResult::Complete { location });
+            }
+
+            Operation::ImplicitValue { ref data } => {
+                let location = Location::Bytes {
+                    value: data.clone(),
+                };
+                return Ok(OperationEvaluationResult::Complete { location });
+            }
+
+            Operation::StackValue => {
+                let value = self.pop()?;
+                let location = Location::Value { value };
+                return Ok(OperationEvaluationResult::Complete { location });
+            }
+
+            Operation::ImplicitPointer { value, byte_offset } => {
+                let location = Location::ImplicitPointer { value, byte_offset };
+                return Ok(OperationEvaluationResult::Complete { location });
+            }
+
+            Operation::EntryValue { ref expression } => {
+                return Ok(OperationEvaluationResult::Waiting(
+                    EvaluationWaiting::EntryValue,
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresEntryValue(Expression(expression.clone())),
+                ));
+            }
+
+            Operation::ParameterRef { offset } => {
+                return Ok(OperationEvaluationResult::Waiting(
+                    EvaluationWaiting::ParameterRef,
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresParameterRef(offset),
+                ));
+            }
+
+            Operation::Address { address } => {
+                return Ok(OperationEvaluationResult::Waiting(
+                    EvaluationWaiting::RelocatedAddress,
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresRelocatedAddress(address),
+                ));
+            }
+
+            Operation::AddressIndex { index } => {
+                return Ok(OperationEvaluationResult::Waiting(
+                    EvaluationWaiting::IndexedAddress,
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresIndexedAddress {
+                        index,
+                        relocate: true,
+                    },
+                ));
+            }
+
+            Operation::ConstantIndex { index } => {
+                return Ok(OperationEvaluationResult::Waiting(
+                    EvaluationWaiting::IndexedAddress,
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresIndexedAddress {
+                        index,
+                        relocate: false,
+                    },
+                ));
+            }
+
+            Operation::Piece {
+                size_in_bits,
+                bit_offset,
+            } => {
+                let location = if self.stack.is_empty() {
+                    Location::Empty
+                } else {
+                    let entry = self.pop()?;
+                    let address = entry.to_u64(self.addr_mask)?;
+                    Location::Address { address }
+                };
+                self.result
+                    .try_push(Piece {
+                        size_in_bits: Some(size_in_bits),
+                        bit_offset,
+                        location,
+                    })
+                    .map_err(|_| Error::StackFull)?;
+                return Ok(OperationEvaluationResult::Piece);
+            }
+
+            Operation::TypedLiteral { base_type, value } => {
+                return Ok(OperationEvaluationResult::Waiting(
+                    EvaluationWaiting::TypedLiteral { value },
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresBaseType(base_type),
+                ));
+            }
+            Operation::Convert { base_type } => {
+                return Ok(OperationEvaluationResult::Waiting(
+                    EvaluationWaiting::Convert,
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresBaseType(base_type),
+                ));
+            }
+            Operation::Reinterpret { base_type } => {
+                return Ok(OperationEvaluationResult::Waiting(
+                    EvaluationWaiting::Reinterpret,
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresBaseType(base_type),
+                ));
+            }
+            Operation::WasmLocal { .. }
+            | Operation::WasmGlobal { .. }
+            | Operation::WasmStack { .. } => {
+                return Err(Error::UnsupportedEvaluation);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(OperationEvaluationResult::Incomplete)
+    }
+
+    /// Get the result of this `Evaluation`.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// Panics if this `Evaluation` has not been driven to completion.
+    pub fn as_result(&self) -> &[Piece<R>] {
+        match self.state {
+            EvaluationState::Complete => &self.result,
+            _ => {
+                panic!("Called `Evaluation::result` on an `Evaluation` that has not been completed")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluate a DWARF expression.  This method should only ever be called
+    /// once.  If the returned `EvaluationResult` is not
+    /// `EvaluationResult::Complete`, the caller should provide the required
+    /// value and resume the evaluation by calling the appropriate resume_with
+    /// method on `Evaluation`.
+    pub fn evaluate(&mut self) -> Result<EvaluationResult<R>> {
+        match self.state {
+            EvaluationState::Start(initial_value) => {
+                if let Some(value) = initial_value {
+                    self.push(Value::Generic(value))?;
+                }
+                self.state = EvaluationState::Ready;
+            }
+            EvaluationState::Ready => {}
+            EvaluationState::Error(err) => return Err(err),
+            EvaluationState::Complete => return Ok(EvaluationResult::Complete),
+            EvaluationState::Waiting(_) => panic!(),
+        };
+
+        match self.evaluate_internal() {
+            Ok(r) => Ok(r),
+            Err(e) => {
+                self.state = EvaluationState::Error(e);
+                Err(e)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Resume the `Evaluation` with the provided memory `value`.  This will apply
+    /// the provided memory value to the evaluation and continue evaluating
+    /// opcodes until the evaluation is completed, reaches an error, or needs
+    /// more information again.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// Panics if this `Evaluation` did not previously stop with `EvaluationResult::RequiresMemory`.
+    pub fn resume_with_memory(&mut self, value: Value) -> Result<EvaluationResult<R>> {
+        match self.state {
+            EvaluationState::Error(err) => return Err(err),
+            EvaluationState::Waiting(EvaluationWaiting::Memory) => {
+                self.push(value)?;
+            }
+            _ => panic!(
+                "Called `Evaluation::resume_with_memory` without a preceding `EvaluationResult::RequiresMemory`"
+            ),
+        };
+
+        self.evaluate_internal()
+    }
+
+    /// Resume the `Evaluation` with the provided `register` value.  This will apply
+    /// the provided register value to the evaluation and continue evaluating
+    /// opcodes until the evaluation is completed, reaches an error, or needs
+    /// more information again.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// Panics if this `Evaluation` did not previously stop with `EvaluationResult::RequiresRegister`.
+    pub fn resume_with_register(&mut self, value: Value) -> Result<EvaluationResult<R>> {
+        match self.state {
+            EvaluationState::Error(err) => return Err(err),
+            EvaluationState::Waiting(EvaluationWaiting::Register { offset }) => {
+                let offset = Value::from_u64(value.value_type(), offset as u64)?;
+                let value = value.add(offset, self.addr_mask)?;
+                self.push(value)?;
+            }
+            _ => panic!(
+                "Called `Evaluation::resume_with_register` without a preceding `EvaluationResult::RequiresRegister`"
+            ),
+        };
+
+        self.evaluate_internal()
+    }
+
+    /// Resume the `Evaluation` with the provided `frame_base`.  This will
+    /// apply the provided frame base value to the evaluation and continue
+    /// evaluating opcodes until the evaluation is completed, reaches an error,
+    /// or needs more information again.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// Panics if this `Evaluation` did not previously stop with `EvaluationResult::RequiresFrameBase`.
+    pub fn resume_with_frame_base(&mut self, frame_base: u64) -> Result<EvaluationResult<R>> {
+        match self.state {
+            EvaluationState::Error(err) => return Err(err),
+            EvaluationState::Waiting(EvaluationWaiting::FrameBase { offset }) => {
+                self.push(Value::Generic(frame_base.wrapping_add(offset as u64)))?;
+            }
+            _ => panic!(
+                "Called `Evaluation::resume_with_frame_base` without a preceding `EvaluationResult::RequiresFrameBase`"
+            ),
+        };
+
+        self.evaluate_internal()
+    }
+
+    /// Resume the `Evaluation` with the provided `value`.  This will apply
+    /// the provided TLS value to the evaluation and continue evaluating
+    /// opcodes until the evaluation is completed, reaches an error, or needs
+    /// more information again.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// Panics if this `Evaluation` did not previously stop with `EvaluationResult::RequiresTls`.
+    pub fn resume_with_tls(&mut self, value: u64) -> Result<EvaluationResult<R>> {
+        match self.state {
+            EvaluationState::Error(err) => return Err(err),
+            EvaluationState::Waiting(EvaluationWaiting::Tls) => {
+                self.push(Value::Generic(value))?;
+            }
+            _ => panic!(
+                "Called `Evaluation::resume_with_tls` without a preceding `EvaluationResult::RequiresTls`"
+            ),
+        };
+
+        self.evaluate_internal()
+    }
+
+    /// Resume the `Evaluation` with the provided `cfa`.  This will
+    /// apply the provided CFA value to the evaluation and continue evaluating
+    /// opcodes until the evaluation is completed, reaches an error, or needs
+    /// more information again.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// Panics if this `Evaluation` did not previously stop with `EvaluationResult::RequiresCallFrameCfa`.
+    pub fn resume_with_call_frame_cfa(&mut self, cfa: u64) -> Result<EvaluationResult<R>> {
+        match self.state {
+            EvaluationState::Error(err) => return Err(err),
+            EvaluationState::Waiting(EvaluationWaiting::Cfa) => {
+                self.push(Value::Generic(cfa))?;
+            }
+            _ => panic!(
+                "Called `Evaluation::resume_with_call_frame_cfa` without a preceding `EvaluationResult::RequiresCallFrameCfa`"
+            ),
+        };
+
+        self.evaluate_internal()
+    }
+
+    /// Resume the `Evaluation` with the provided `bytes`.  This will
+    /// continue processing the evaluation with the new expression provided
+    /// until the evaluation is completed, reaches an error, or needs more
+    /// information again.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// Panics if this `Evaluation` did not previously stop with `EvaluationResult::RequiresAtLocation`.
+    pub fn resume_with_at_location(&mut self, mut bytes: R) -> Result<EvaluationResult<R>> {
+        match self.state {
+            EvaluationState::Error(err) => return Err(err),
+            EvaluationState::Waiting(EvaluationWaiting::AtLocation) => {
+                if !bytes.is_empty() {
+                    let mut pc = bytes.clone();
+                    mem::swap(&mut pc, &mut self.pc);
+                    mem::swap(&mut bytes, &mut self.bytecode);
+                    self.expression_stack.try_push((pc, bytes)).map_err(|_| Error::StackFull)?;
+                }
+            }
+            _ => panic!(
+                "Called `Evaluation::resume_with_at_location` without a precedeing `EvaluationResult::RequiresAtLocation`"
+            ),
+        };
+
+        self.evaluate_internal()
+    }
+
+    /// Resume the `Evaluation` with the provided `entry_value`.  This will
+    /// apply the provided entry value to the evaluation and continue evaluating
+    /// opcodes until the evaluation is completed, reaches an error, or needs
+    /// more information again.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// Panics if this `Evaluation` did not previously stop with `EvaluationResult::RequiresEntryValue`.
+    pub fn resume_with_entry_value(&mut self, entry_value: Value) -> Result<EvaluationResult<R>> {
+        match self.state {
+            EvaluationState::Error(err) => return Err(err),
+            EvaluationState::Waiting(EvaluationWaiting::EntryValue) => {
+                self.push(entry_value)?;
+            }
+            _ => panic!(
+                "Called `Evaluation::resume_with_entry_value` without a preceding `EvaluationResult::RequiresEntryValue`"
+            ),
+        };
+
+        self.evaluate_internal()
+    }
+
+    /// Resume the `Evaluation` with the provided `parameter_value`.  This will
+    /// apply the provided parameter value to the evaluation and continue evaluating
+    /// opcodes until the evaluation is completed, reaches an error, or needs
+    /// more information again.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// Panics if this `Evaluation` did not previously stop with `EvaluationResult::RequiresParameterRef`.
+    pub fn resume_with_parameter_ref(
+        &mut self,
+        parameter_value: u64,
+    ) -> Result<EvaluationResult<R>> {
+        match self.state {
+            EvaluationState::Error(err) => return Err(err),
+            EvaluationState::Waiting(EvaluationWaiting::ParameterRef) => {
+                self.push(Value::Generic(parameter_value))?;
+            }
+            _ => panic!(
+                "Called `Evaluation::resume_with_parameter_ref` without a preceding `EvaluationResult::RequiresParameterRef`"
+            ),
+        };
+
+        self.evaluate_internal()
+    }
+
+    /// Resume the `Evaluation` with the provided relocated `address`.  This will use the
+    /// provided relocated address for the operation that required it, and continue evaluating
+    /// opcodes until the evaluation is completed, reaches an error, or needs
+    /// more information again.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// Panics if this `Evaluation` did not previously stop with
+    /// `EvaluationResult::RequiresRelocatedAddress`.
+    pub fn resume_with_relocated_address(&mut self, address: u64) -> Result<EvaluationResult<R>> {
+        match self.state {
+            EvaluationState::Error(err) => return Err(err),
+            EvaluationState::Waiting(EvaluationWaiting::RelocatedAddress) => {
+                self.push(Value::Generic(address))?;
+            }
+            _ => panic!(
+                "Called `Evaluation::resume_with_relocated_address` without a preceding `EvaluationResult::RequiresRelocatedAddress`"
+            ),
+        };
+
+        self.evaluate_internal()
+    }
+
+    /// Resume the `Evaluation` with the provided indexed `address`.  This will use the
+    /// provided indexed address for the operation that required it, and continue evaluating
+    /// opcodes until the evaluation is completed, reaches an error, or needs
+    /// more information again.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// Panics if this `Evaluation` did not previously stop with
+    /// `EvaluationResult::RequiresIndexedAddress`.
+    pub fn resume_with_indexed_address(&mut self, address: u64) -> Result<EvaluationResult<R>> {
+        match self.state {
+            EvaluationState::Error(err) => return Err(err),
+            EvaluationState::Waiting(EvaluationWaiting::IndexedAddress) => {
+                self.push(Value::Generic(address))?;
+            }
+            _ => panic!(
+                "Called `Evaluation::resume_with_indexed_address` without a preceding `EvaluationResult::RequiresIndexedAddress`"
+            ),
+        };
+
+        self.evaluate_internal()
+    }
+
+    /// Resume the `Evaluation` with the provided `base_type`.  This will use the
+    /// provided base type for the operation that required it, and continue evaluating
+    /// opcodes until the evaluation is completed, reaches an error, or needs
+    /// more information again.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// Panics if this `Evaluation` did not previously stop with `EvaluationResult::RequiresBaseType`.
+    pub fn resume_with_base_type(&mut self, base_type: ValueType) -> Result<EvaluationResult<R>> {
+        let value = match self.state {
+            EvaluationState::Error(err) => return Err(err),
+            EvaluationState::Waiting(EvaluationWaiting::TypedLiteral { ref value }) => {
+                Value::parse(base_type, value.clone())?
+            }
+            EvaluationState::Waiting(EvaluationWaiting::Convert) => {
+                let entry = self.pop()?;
+                entry.convert(base_type, self.addr_mask)?
+            }
+            EvaluationState::Waiting(EvaluationWaiting::Reinterpret) => {
+                let entry = self.pop()?;
+                entry.reinterpret(base_type, self.addr_mask)?
+            }
+            _ => panic!(
+                "Called `Evaluation::resume_with_base_type` without a preceding `EvaluationResult::RequiresBaseType`"
+            ),
+        };
+        self.push(value)?;
+        self.evaluate_internal()
+    }
+
+    fn end_of_expression(&mut self) -> bool {
+        while self.pc.is_empty() {
+            match self.expression_stack.pop() {
+                Some((newpc, newbytes)) => {
+                    self.pc = newpc;
+                    self.bytecode = newbytes;
+                }
+                None => return true,
+            }
+        }
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn evaluate_internal(&mut self) -> Result<EvaluationResult<R>> {
+        while !self.end_of_expression() {
+            self.iteration += 1;
+            if let Some(max_iterations) = self.max_iterations {
+                if self.iteration > max_iterations {
+                    return Err(Error::TooManyIterations);
+                }
+            }
+
+            let op_result = self.evaluate_one_operation()?;
+            match op_result {
+                OperationEvaluationResult::Piece => {}
+                OperationEvaluationResult::Incomplete => {
+                    if self.end_of_expression() && !self.result.is_empty() {
+                        // We saw a piece earlier and then some
+                        // unterminated piece.  It's not clear this is
+                        // well-defined.
+                        return Err(Error::InvalidPiece);
+                    }
+                }
+                OperationEvaluationResult::Complete { location } => {
+                    if self.end_of_expression() {
+                        if !self.result.is_empty() {
+                            // We saw a piece earlier and then some
+                            // unterminated piece.  It's not clear this is
+                            // well-defined.
+                            return Err(Error::InvalidPiece);
+                        }
+                        self.result
+                            .try_push(Piece {
+                                size_in_bits: None,
+                                bit_offset: None,
+                                location,
+                            })
+                            .map_err(|_| Error::StackFull)?;
+                    } else {
+                        // If there are more operations, then the next operation must
+                        // be a Piece.
+                        match Operation::parse(&mut self.pc, self.encoding)? {
+                            Operation::Piece {
+                                size_in_bits,
+                                bit_offset,
+                            } => {
+                                self.result
+                                    .try_push(Piece {
+                                        size_in_bits: Some(size_in_bits),
+                                        bit_offset,
+                                        location,
+                                    })
+                                    .map_err(|_| Error::StackFull)?;
+                            }
+                            _ => {
+                                let value =
+                                    self.bytecode.len().into_u64() - self.pc.len().into_u64() - 1;
+                                return Err(Error::InvalidExpressionTerminator(value));
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                OperationEvaluationResult::Waiting(waiting, result) => {
+                    self.state = EvaluationState::Waiting(waiting);
+                    return Ok(result);
+                }
+            };
+        }
+
+        // If no pieces have been seen, use the stack top as the
+        // result.
+        if self.result.is_empty() {
+            let entry = self.pop()?;
+            let addr = entry.to_u64(self.addr_mask)?;
+            self.result
+                .try_push(Piece {
+                    size_in_bits: None,
+                    bit_offset: None,
+                    location: Location::Address { address: addr },
+                })
+                .map_err(|_| Error::StackFull)?;
+        }
+
+        self.state = EvaluationState::Complete;
+        Ok(EvaluationResult::Complete)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+// Tests require leb128::write.
+#[cfg(feature = "write")]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::common::Format;
+    use crate::constants;
+    use crate::endianity::LittleEndian;
+    use crate::leb128;
+    use crate::read::{EndianSlice, Error, Result, UnitOffset};
+    use crate::test_util::GimliSectionMethods;
+    use core::usize;
+    use test_assembler::{Endian, Section};
+
+    fn encoding4() -> Encoding {
+        Encoding {
+            format: Format::Dwarf32,
+            version: 4,
+            address_size: 4,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn encoding8() -> Encoding {
+        Encoding {
+            format: Format::Dwarf64,
+            version: 4,
+            address_size: 8,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_compute_pc() {
+        // Contents don't matter for this test, just length.
+        let bytes = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4];
+        let bytecode = &bytes[..];
+        let ebuf = &EndianSlice::new(bytecode, LittleEndian);
+
+        assert_eq!(compute_pc(ebuf, ebuf, 0), Ok(*ebuf));
+        assert_eq!(
+            compute_pc(ebuf, ebuf, -1),
+            Err(Error::BadBranchTarget(usize::MAX as u64))
+        );
+        assert_eq!(compute_pc(ebuf, ebuf, 5), Ok(ebuf.range_from(5..)));
+        assert_eq!(
+            compute_pc(&ebuf.range_from(3..), ebuf, -2),
+            Ok(ebuf.range_from(1..))
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            compute_pc(&ebuf.range_from(2..), ebuf, 2),
+            Ok(ebuf.range_from(4..))
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn check_op_parse_simple<'input>(
+        input: &'input [u8],
+        expect: &Operation<EndianSlice<'input, LittleEndian>>,
+        encoding: Encoding,
+    ) {
+        let buf = EndianSlice::new(input, LittleEndian);
+        let mut pc = buf;
+        let value = Operation::parse(&mut pc, encoding);
+        match value {
+            Ok(val) => {
+                assert_eq!(val, *expect);
+                assert_eq!(pc.len(), 0);
+            }
+            _ => panic!("Unexpected result"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_op_parse_eof(input: &[u8], encoding: Encoding) {
+        let buf = EndianSlice::new(input, LittleEndian);
+        let mut pc = buf;
+        match Operation::parse(&mut pc, encoding) {
+            Err(Error::UnexpectedEof(id)) => {
+                assert!(buf.lookup_offset_id(id).is_some());
+            }
+
+            _ => panic!("Unexpected result"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_op_parse<F>(
+        input: F,
+        expect: &Operation<EndianSlice<LittleEndian>>,
+        encoding: Encoding,
+    ) where
+        F: Fn(Section) -> Section,
+    {
+        let input = input(Section::with_endian(Endian::Little))
+            .get_contents()
+            .unwrap();
+        for i in 1..input.len() {
+            check_op_parse_eof(&input[..i], encoding);
+        }
+        check_op_parse_simple(&input, expect, encoding);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_op_parse_onebyte() {
+        // Doesn't matter for this test.
+        let encoding = encoding4();
+
+        // Test all single-byte opcodes.
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let inputs = [
+            (
+                constants::DW_OP_deref,
+                Operation::Deref {
+                    base_type: generic_type(),
+                    size: encoding.address_size,
+                    space: false,
+                },
+            ),
+            (constants::DW_OP_dup, Operation::Pick { index: 0 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_drop, Operation::Drop),
+            (constants::DW_OP_over, Operation::Pick { index: 1 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_swap, Operation::Swap),
+            (constants::DW_OP_rot, Operation::Rot),
+            (
+                constants::DW_OP_xderef,
+                Operation::Deref {
+                    base_type: generic_type(),
+                    size: encoding.address_size,
+                    space: true,
+                },
+            ),
+            (constants::DW_OP_abs, Operation::Abs),
+            (constants::DW_OP_and, Operation::And),
+            (constants::DW_OP_div, Operation::Div),
+            (constants::DW_OP_minus, Operation::Minus),
+            (constants::DW_OP_mod, Operation::Mod),
+            (constants::DW_OP_mul, Operation::Mul),
+            (constants::DW_OP_neg, Operation::Neg),
+            (constants::DW_OP_not, Operation::Not),
+            (constants::DW_OP_or, Operation::Or),
+            (constants::DW_OP_plus, Operation::Plus),
+            (constants::DW_OP_shl, Operation::Shl),
+            (constants::DW_OP_shr, Operation::Shr),
+            (constants::DW_OP_shra, Operation::Shra),
+            (constants::DW_OP_xor, Operation::Xor),
+            (constants::DW_OP_eq, Operation::Eq),
+            (constants::DW_OP_ge, Operation::Ge),
+            (constants::DW_OP_gt, Operation::Gt),
+            (constants::DW_OP_le, Operation::Le),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lt, Operation::Lt),
+            (constants::DW_OP_ne, Operation::Ne),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit0, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 0 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit1, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 1 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit2, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 2 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit3, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 3 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit4, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 4 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit5, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 5 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit6, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 6 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit7, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 7 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit8, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 8 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit9, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 9 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit10, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 10 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit11, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 11 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit12, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 12 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit13, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 13 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit14, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 14 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit15, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 15 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit16, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 16 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit17, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 17 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit18, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 18 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit19, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 19 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit20, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 20 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit21, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 21 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit22, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 22 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit23, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 23 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit24, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 24 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit25, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 25 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit26, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 26 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit27, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 27 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit28, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 28 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit29, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 29 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit30, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 30 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_lit31, Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 31 }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg0, Operation::Register { register: Register(0) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg1, Operation::Register { register: Register(1) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg2, Operation::Register { register: Register(2) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg3, Operation::Register { register: Register(3) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg4, Operation::Register { register: Register(4) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg5, Operation::Register { register: Register(5) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg6, Operation::Register { register: Register(6) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg7, Operation::Register { register: Register(7) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg8, Operation::Register { register: Register(8) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg9, Operation::Register { register: Register(9) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg10, Operation::Register { register: Register(10) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg11, Operation::Register { register: Register(11) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg12, Operation::Register { register: Register(12) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg13, Operation::Register { register: Register(13) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg14, Operation::Register { register: Register(14) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg15, Operation::Register { register: Register(15) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg16, Operation::Register { register: Register(16) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg17, Operation::Register { register: Register(17) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg18, Operation::Register { register: Register(18) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg19, Operation::Register { register: Register(19) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg20, Operation::Register { register: Register(20) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg21, Operation::Register { register: Register(21) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg22, Operation::Register { register: Register(22) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg23, Operation::Register { register: Register(23) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg24, Operation::Register { register: Register(24) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg25, Operation::Register { register: Register(25) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg26, Operation::Register { register: Register(26) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg27, Operation::Register { register: Register(27) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg28, Operation::Register { register: Register(28) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg29, Operation::Register { register: Register(29) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg30, Operation::Register { register: Register(30) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_reg31, Operation::Register { register: Register(31) }),
+            (constants::DW_OP_nop, Operation::Nop),
+            (constants::DW_OP_push_object_address, Operation::PushObjectAddress),
+            (constants::DW_OP_form_tls_address, Operation::TLS),
+            (constants::DW_OP_GNU_push_tls_address, Operation::TLS),
+            (constants::DW_OP_call_frame_cfa, Operation::CallFrameCFA),
+            (constants::DW_OP_stack_value, Operation::StackValue),
+        ];
+
+        let input = [];
+        check_op_parse_eof(&input[..], encoding);
+
+        for item in inputs.iter() {
+            let (opcode, ref result) = *item;
+            check_op_parse(|s| s.D8(opcode.0), result, encoding);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_op_parse_twobyte() {
+        // Doesn't matter for this test.
+        let encoding = encoding4();
+
+        let inputs = [
+            (
+                constants::DW_OP_const1u,
+                23,
+                Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 23 },
+            ),
+            (
+                constants::DW_OP_const1s,
+                (-23i8) as u8,
+                Operation::SignedConstant { value: -23 },
+            ),
+            (constants::DW_OP_pick, 7, Operation::Pick { index: 7 }),
+            (
+                constants::DW_OP_deref_size,
+                19,
+                Operation::Deref {
+                    base_type: generic_type(),
+                    size: 19,
+                    space: false,
+                },
+            ),
+            (
+                constants::DW_OP_xderef_size,
+                19,
+                Operation::Deref {
+                    base_type: generic_type(),
+                    size: 19,
+                    space: true,
+                },
+            ),
+        ];
+
+        for item in inputs.iter() {
+            let (opcode, arg, ref result) = *item;
+            check_op_parse(|s| s.D8(opcode.0).D8(arg), result, encoding);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_op_parse_threebyte() {
+        // Doesn't matter for this test.
+        let encoding = encoding4();
+
+        // While bra and skip are 3-byte opcodes, they aren't tested here,
+        // but rather specially in their own function.
+        let inputs = [
+            (
+                constants::DW_OP_const2u,
+                23,
+                Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 23 },
+            ),
+            (
+                constants::DW_OP_const2s,
+                (-23i16) as u16,
+                Operation::SignedConstant { value: -23 },
+            ),
+            (
+                constants::DW_OP_call2,
+                1138,
+                Operation::Call {
+                    offset: DieReference::UnitRef(UnitOffset(1138)),
+                },
+            ),
+            (
+                constants::DW_OP_bra,
+                (-23i16) as u16,
+                Operation::Bra { target: -23 },
+            ),
+            (
+                constants::DW_OP_skip,
+                (-23i16) as u16,
+                Operation::Skip { target: -23 },
+            ),
+        ];
+
+        for item in inputs.iter() {
+            let (opcode, arg, ref result) = *item;
+            check_op_parse(|s| s.D8(opcode.0).L16(arg), result, encoding);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_op_parse_fivebyte() {
+        // There are some tests here that depend on address size.
+        let encoding = encoding4();
+
+        let inputs = [
+            (
+                constants::DW_OP_addr,
+                0x1234_5678,
+                Operation::Address {
+                    address: 0x1234_5678,
+                },
+            ),
+            (
+                constants::DW_OP_const4u,
+                0x1234_5678,
+                Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: 0x1234_5678 },
+            ),
+            (
+                constants::DW_OP_const4s,
+                (-23i32) as u32,
+                Operation::SignedConstant { value: -23 },
+            ),
+            (
+                constants::DW_OP_call4,
+                0x1234_5678,
+                Operation::Call {
+                    offset: DieReference::UnitRef(UnitOffset(0x1234_5678)),
+                },
+            ),
+            (
+                constants::DW_OP_call_ref,
+                0x1234_5678,
+                Operation::Call {
+                    offset: DieReference::DebugInfoRef(DebugInfoOffset(0x1234_5678)),
+                },
+            ),
+        ];
+
+        for item in inputs.iter() {
+            let (op, arg, ref expect) = *item;
+            check_op_parse(|s| s.D8(op.0).L32(arg), expect, encoding);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[cfg(target_pointer_width = "64")]
+    fn test_op_parse_ninebyte() {
+        // There are some tests here that depend on address size.
+        let encoding = encoding8();
+
+        let inputs = [
+            (
+                constants::DW_OP_addr,
+                0x1234_5678_1234_5678,
+                Operation::Address {
+                    address: 0x1234_5678_1234_5678,
+                },
+            ),
+            (
+                constants::DW_OP_const8u,
+                0x1234_5678_1234_5678,
+                Operation::UnsignedConstant {
+                    value: 0x1234_5678_1234_5678,
+                },
+            ),
+            (
+                constants::DW_OP_const8s,
+                (-23i64) as u64,
+                Operation::SignedConstant { value: -23 },
+            ),
+            (
+                constants::DW_OP_call_ref,
+                0x1234_5678_1234_5678,
+                Operation::Call {
+                    offset: DieReference::DebugInfoRef(DebugInfoOffset(0x1234_5678_1234_5678)),
+                },
+            ),
+        ];
+
+        for item in inputs.iter() {
+            let (op, arg, ref expect) = *item;
+            check_op_parse(|s| s.D8(op.0).L64(arg), expect, encoding);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_op_parse_sleb() {
+        // Doesn't matter for this test.
+        let encoding = encoding4();
+
+        let values = [
+            -1i64,
+            0,
+            1,
+            0x100,
+            0x1eee_eeee,
+            0x7fff_ffff_ffff_ffff,
+            -0x100,
+            -0x1eee_eeee,
+            -0x7fff_ffff_ffff_ffff,
+        ];
+        for value in values.iter() {
+            let mut inputs = vec![
+                (
+                    constants::DW_OP_consts.0,
+                    Operation::SignedConstant { value: *value },
+                ),
+                (
+                    constants::DW_OP_fbreg.0,
+                    Operation::FrameOffset { offset: *value },
+                ),
+            ];
+
+            for i in 0..32 {
+                inputs.push((
+                    constants::DW_OP_breg0.0 + i,
+                    Operation::RegisterOffset {
+                        register: Register(i.into()),
+                        offset: *value,
+                        base_type: UnitOffset(0),
+                    },
+                ));
+            }
+
+            for item in inputs.iter() {
+                let (op, ref expect) = *item;
+                check_op_parse(|s| s.D8(op).sleb(*value), expect, encoding);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_op_parse_uleb() {
+        // Doesn't matter for this test.
+        let encoding = encoding4();
+
+        let values = [
+            0,
+            1,
+            0x100,
+            (!0u16).into(),
+            0x1eee_eeee,
+            0x7fff_ffff_ffff_ffff,
+            !0u64,
+        ];
+        for value in values.iter() {
+            let mut inputs = vec![
+                (
+                    constants::DW_OP_constu,
+                    Operation::UnsignedConstant { value: *value },
+                ),
+                (
+                    constants::DW_OP_plus_uconst,
+                    Operation::PlusConstant { value: *value },
+                ),
+            ];
+
+            if *value <= (!0u16).into() {
+                inputs.push((
+                    constants::DW_OP_regx,
+                    Operation::Register {
+                        register: Register::from_u64(*value).unwrap(),
+                    },
+                ));
+            }
+
+            if *value <= (!0u32).into() {
+                inputs.extend(&[
+                    (
+                        constants::DW_OP_addrx,
+                        Operation::AddressIndex {
+                            index: DebugAddrIndex(*value as usize),
+                        },
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        constants::DW_OP_constx,
+                        Operation::ConstantIndex {
+                            index: DebugAddrIndex(*value as usize),
+                        },
+                    ),
+                ]);
+            }
+
+            // FIXME
+            if *value < !0u64 / 8 {
+                inputs.push((
+                    constants::DW_OP_piece,
+                    Operation::Piece {
+                        size_in_bits: 8 * value,
+                        bit_offset: None,
+                    },
+                ));
+            }
+
+            for item in inputs.iter() {
+                let (op, ref expect) = *item;
+                let input = Section::with_endian(Endian::Little)
+                    .D8(op.0)
+                    .uleb(*value)
+                    .get_contents()
+                    .unwrap();
+                check_op_parse_simple(&input, expect, encoding);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_op_parse_bregx() {
+        // Doesn't matter for this test.
+        let encoding = encoding4();
+
+        let uvalues = [0, 1, 0x100, !0u16];
+        let svalues = [
+            -1i64,
+            0,
+            1,
+            0x100,
+            0x1eee_eeee,
+            0x7fff_ffff_ffff_ffff,
+            -0x100,
+            -0x1eee_eeee,
+            -0x7fff_ffff_ffff_ffff,
+        ];
+
+        for v1 in uvalues.iter() {
+            for v2 in svalues.iter() {
+                check_op_parse(
+                    |s| s.D8(constants::DW_OP_bregx.0).uleb((*v1).into()).sleb(*v2),
+                    &Operation::RegisterOffset {
+                        register: Register(*v1),
+                        offset: *v2,
+                        base_type: UnitOffset(0),
+                    },
+                    encoding,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_op_parse_bit_piece() {
+        // Doesn't matter for this test.
+        let encoding = encoding4();
+
+        let values = [0, 1, 0x100, 0x1eee_eeee, 0x7fff_ffff_ffff_ffff, !0u64];
+
+        for v1 in values.iter() {
+            for v2 in values.iter() {
+                let input = Section::with_endian(Endian::Little)
+                    .D8(constants::DW_OP_bit_piece.0)
+                    .uleb(*v1)
+                    .uleb(*v2)
+                    .get_contents()
+                    .unwrap();
+                check_op_parse_simple(
+                    &input,
+                    &Operation::Piece {
+                        size_in_bits: *v1,
+                        bit_offset: Some(*v2),
+                    },
+                    encoding,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_op_parse_implicit_value() {
+        // Doesn't matter for this test.
+        let encoding = encoding4();
+
+        let data = b"hello";
+
+        check_op_parse(
+            |s| {
+                s.D8(constants::DW_OP_implicit_value.0)
+                    .uleb(data.len() as u64)
+                    .append_bytes(&data[..])
+            },
+            &Operation::ImplicitValue {
+                data: EndianSlice::new(&data[..], LittleEndian),
+            },
+            encoding,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_op_parse_const_type() {
+        // Doesn't matter for this test.
+        let encoding = encoding4();
+
+        let data = b"hello";
+
+        check_op_parse(
+            |s| {
+                s.D8(constants::DW_OP_const_type.0)
+                    .uleb(100)
+                    .D8(data.len() as u8)
+                    .append_bytes(&data[..])
+            },
+            &Operation::TypedLiteral {
+                base_type: UnitOffset(100),
+                value: EndianSlice::new(&data[..], LittleEndian),
+            },
+            encoding,
+        );
+        check_op_parse(
+            |s| {
+                s.D8(constants::DW_OP_GNU_const_type.0)
+                    .uleb(100)
+                    .D8(data.len() as u8)
+                    .append_bytes(&data[..])
+            },
+            &Operation::TypedLiteral {
+                base_type: UnitOffset(100),
+                value: EndianSlice::new(&data[..], LittleEndian),
+            },
+            encoding,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_op_parse_regval_type() {
+        // Doesn't matter for this test.
+        let encoding = encoding4();
+
+        check_op_parse(
+            |s| s.D8(constants::DW_OP_regval_type.0).uleb(1).uleb(100),
+            &Operation::RegisterOffset {
+                register: Register(1),
+                offset: 0,
+                base_type: UnitOffset(100),
+            },
+            encoding,
+        );
+        check_op_parse(
+            |s| s.D8(constants::DW_OP_GNU_regval_type.0).uleb(1).uleb(100),
+            &Operation::RegisterOffset {
+                register: Register(1),
+                offset: 0,
+                base_type: UnitOffset(100),
+            },
+            encoding,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_op_parse_deref_type() {
+        // Doesn't matter for this test.
+        let encoding = encoding4();
+
+        check_op_parse(
+            |s| s.D8(constants::DW_OP_deref_type.0).D8(8).uleb(100),
+            &Operation::Deref {
+                base_type: UnitOffset(100),
+                size: 8,
+                space: false,
+            },
+            encoding,
+        );
+        check_op_parse(
+            |s| s.D8(constants::DW_OP_GNU_deref_type.0).D8(8).uleb(100),
+            &Operation::Deref {
+                base_type: UnitOffset(100),
+                size: 8,
+                space: false,
+            },
+            encoding,
+        );
+        check_op_parse(
+            |s| s.D8(constants::DW_OP_xderef_type.0).D8(8).uleb(100),
+            &Operation::Deref {
+                base_type: UnitOffset(100),
+                size: 8,
+                space: true,
+            },
+            encoding,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_op_convert() {
+        // Doesn't matter for this test.
+        let encoding = encoding4();
+
+        check_op_parse(
+            |s| s.D8(constants::DW_OP_convert.0).uleb(100),
+            &Operation::Convert {
+                base_type: UnitOffset(100),
+            },
+            encoding,
+        );
+        check_op_parse(
+            |s| s.D8(constants::DW_OP_GNU_convert.0).uleb(100),
+            &Operation::Convert {
+                base_type: UnitOffset(100),
+            },
+            encoding,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_op_reinterpret() {
+        // Doesn't matter for this test.
+        let encoding = encoding4();
+
+        check_op_parse(
+            |s| s.D8(constants::DW_OP_reinterpret.0).uleb(100),
+            &Operation::Reinterpret {
+                base_type: UnitOffset(100),
+            },
+            encoding,
+        );
+        check_op_parse(
+            |s| s.D8(constants::DW_OP_GNU_reinterpret.0).uleb(100),
+            &Operation::Reinterpret {
+                base_type: UnitOffset(100),
+            },
+            encoding,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_op_parse_implicit_pointer() {
+        for op in &[
+            constants::DW_OP_implicit_pointer,
+            constants::DW_OP_GNU_implicit_pointer,
+        ] {
+            check_op_parse(
+                |s| s.D8(op.0).D32(0x1234_5678).sleb(0x123),
+                &Operation::ImplicitPointer {
+                    value: DebugInfoOffset(0x1234_5678),
+                    byte_offset: 0x123,
+                },
+                encoding4(),
+            );
+
+            check_op_parse(
+                |s| s.D8(op.0).D64(0x1234_5678).sleb(0x123),
+                &Operation::ImplicitPointer {
+                    value: DebugInfoOffset(0x1234_5678),
+                    byte_offset: 0x123,
+                },
+                encoding8(),
+            );
+
+            check_op_parse(
+                |s| s.D8(op.0).D64(0x1234_5678).sleb(0x123),
+                &Operation::ImplicitPointer {
+                    value: DebugInfoOffset(0x1234_5678),
+                    byte_offset: 0x123,
+                },
+                Encoding {
+                    format: Format::Dwarf32,
+                    version: 2,
+                    address_size: 8,
+                },
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_op_parse_entry_value() {
+        for op in &[
+            constants::DW_OP_entry_value,
+            constants::DW_OP_GNU_entry_value,
+        ] {
+            let data = b"hello";
+            check_op_parse(
+                |s| s.D8(op.0).uleb(data.len() as u64).append_bytes(&data[..]),
+                &Operation::EntryValue {
+                    expression: EndianSlice::new(&data[..], LittleEndian),
+                },
+                encoding4(),
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_op_parse_gnu_parameter_ref() {
+        check_op_parse(
+            |s| s.D8(constants::DW_OP_GNU_parameter_ref.0).D32(0x1234_5678),
+            &Operation::ParameterRef {
+                offset: UnitOffset(0x1234_5678),
+            },
+            encoding4(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_op_wasm() {
+        // Doesn't matter for this test.
+        let encoding = encoding4();
+
+        check_op_parse(
+            |s| s.D8(constants::DW_OP_WASM_location.0).D8(0).uleb(1000),
+            &Operation::WasmLocal { index: 1000 },
+            encoding,
+        );
+        check_op_parse(
+            |s| s.D8(constants::DW_OP_WASM_location.0).D8(1).uleb(1000),
+            &Operation::WasmGlobal { index: 1000 },
+            encoding,
+        );
+        check_op_parse(
+            |s| s.D8(constants::DW_OP_WASM_location.0).D8(2).uleb(1000),
+            &Operation::WasmStack { index: 1000 },
+            encoding,
+        );
+        check_op_parse(
+            |s| s.D8(constants::DW_OP_WASM_location.0).D8(3).D32(1000),
+            &Operation::WasmGlobal { index: 1000 },
+            encoding,
+        );
+    }
+
+    enum AssemblerEntry {
+        Op(constants::DwOp),
+        Mark(u8),
+        Branch(u8),
+        U8(u8),
+        U16(u16),
+        U32(u32),
+        U64(u64),
+        Uleb(u64),
+        Sleb(u64),
+    }
+
+    fn assemble(entries: &[AssemblerEntry]) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut result = Vec::new();
+
+        struct Marker(Option<usize>, Vec<usize>);
+
+        let mut markers = Vec::new();
+        for _ in 0..256 {
+            markers.push(Marker(None, Vec::new()));
+        }
+
+        fn write(stack: &mut Vec<u8>, index: usize, mut num: u64, nbytes: u8) {
+            for i in 0..nbytes as usize {
+                stack[index + i] = (num & 0xff) as u8;
+                num >>= 8;
+            }
+        }
+
+        fn push(stack: &mut Vec<u8>, num: u64, nbytes: u8) {
+            let index = stack.len();
+            for _ in 0..nbytes {
+                stack.push(0);
+            }
+            write(stack, index, num, nbytes);
+        }
+
+        for item in entries {
+            match *item {
+                AssemblerEntry::Op(op) => result.push(op.0),
+                AssemblerEntry::Mark(num) => {
+                    assert!(markers[num as usize].0.is_none());
+                    markers[num as usize].0 = Some(result.len());
+                }
+                AssemblerEntry::Branch(num) => {
+                    markers[num as usize].1.push(result.len());
+                    push(&mut result, 0, 2);
+                }
+                AssemblerEntry::U8(num) => result.push(num),
+                AssemblerEntry::U16(num) => push(&mut result, u64::from(num), 2),
+                AssemblerEntry::U32(num) => push(&mut result, u64::from(num), 4),
+                AssemblerEntry::U64(num) => push(&mut result, num, 8),
+                AssemblerEntry::Uleb(num) => {
+                    leb128::write::unsigned(&mut result, num).unwrap();
+                }
+                AssemblerEntry::Sleb(num) => {
+                    leb128::write::signed(&mut result, num as i64).unwrap();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Update all the branches.
+        for marker in markers {
+            if let Some(offset) = marker.0 {
+                for branch_offset in marker.1 {
+                    let delta = offset.wrapping_sub(branch_offset + 2) as u64;
+                    write(&mut result, branch_offset, delta, 2);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        result
+    }
+
+    fn check_eval_with_args<F>(
+        program: &[AssemblerEntry],
+        expect: Result<&[Piece<EndianSlice<LittleEndian>>]>,
+        encoding: Encoding,
+        object_address: Option<u64>,
+        initial_value: Option<u64>,
+        max_iterations: Option<u32>,
+        f: F,
+    ) where
+        for<'a> F: Fn(
+            &mut Evaluation<EndianSlice<'a, LittleEndian>>,
+            EvaluationResult<EndianSlice<'a, LittleEndian>>,
+        ) -> Result<EvaluationResult<EndianSlice<'a, LittleEndian>>>,
+    {
+        let bytes = assemble(program);
+        let bytes = EndianSlice::new(&bytes, LittleEndian);
+
+        let mut eval = Evaluation::new(bytes, encoding);
+
+        if let Some(val) = object_address {
+            eval.set_object_address(val);
+        }
+        if let Some(val) = initial_value {
+            eval.set_initial_value(val);
+        }
+        if let Some(val) = max_iterations {
+            eval.set_max_iterations(val);
+        }
+
+        let result = match eval.evaluate() {
+            Err(e) => Err(e),
+            Ok(r) => f(&mut eval, r),
+        };
+
+        match (result, expect) {
+            (Ok(EvaluationResult::Complete), Ok(pieces)) => {
+                let vec = eval.result();
+                assert_eq!(vec.len(), pieces.len());
+                for i in 0..pieces.len() {
+                    assert_eq!(vec[i], pieces[i]);
+                }
+            }
+            (Err(f1), Err(f2)) => {
+                assert_eq!(f1, f2);
+            }
+            otherwise => panic!("Unexpected result: {:?}", otherwise),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_eval(
+        program: &[AssemblerEntry],
+        expect: Result<&[Piece<EndianSlice<LittleEndian>>]>,
+        encoding: Encoding,
+    ) {
+        check_eval_with_args(program, expect, encoding, None, None, None, |_, result| {
+            Ok(result)
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_eval_arith() {
+        // It's nice if an operation and its arguments can fit on a single
+        // line in the test program.
+        use self::AssemblerEntry::*;
+        use crate::constants::*;
+
+        // Indices of marks in the assembly.
+        let done = 0;
+        let fail = 1;
+
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            Op(DW_OP_const1u), U8(23),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8((-23i8) as u8),
+            Op(DW_OP_plus),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const2u), U16(23),
+            Op(DW_OP_const2s), U16((-23i16) as u16),
+            Op(DW_OP_plus),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const4u), U32(0x1111_2222),
+            Op(DW_OP_const4s), U32((-0x1111_2222i32) as u32),
+            Op(DW_OP_plus),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            // Plus should overflow.
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1u), U8(1),
+            Op(DW_OP_plus),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_plus_uconst), Uleb(1),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            // Minus should underflow.
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(0),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1u), U8(1),
+            Op(DW_OP_minus),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_ne),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_abs),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1u), U8(1),
+            Op(DW_OP_minus),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const4u), U32(0xf078_fffe),
+            Op(DW_OP_const4u), U32(0x0f87_0001),
+            Op(DW_OP_and),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const4u), U32(0xf078_fffe),
+            Op(DW_OP_const4u), U32(0xf000_00fe),
+            Op(DW_OP_and),
+            Op(DW_OP_const4u), U32(0xf000_00fe),
+            Op(DW_OP_ne),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            // Division is signed.
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(0xfe),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(2),
+            Op(DW_OP_div),
+            Op(DW_OP_plus_uconst), Uleb(1),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            // Mod is unsigned.
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(0xfd),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(2),
+            Op(DW_OP_mod),
+            Op(DW_OP_neg),
+            Op(DW_OP_plus_uconst), Uleb(1),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            // Overflow is defined for multiplication.
+            Op(DW_OP_const4u), U32(0x8000_0001),
+            Op(DW_OP_lit2),
+            Op(DW_OP_mul),
+            Op(DW_OP_lit2),
+            Op(DW_OP_ne),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const4u), U32(0xf0f0_f0f0),
+            Op(DW_OP_const4u), U32(0xf0f0_f0f0),
+            Op(DW_OP_xor),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const4u), U32(0xf0f0_f0f0),
+            Op(DW_OP_const4u), U32(0x0f0f_0f0f),
+            Op(DW_OP_or),
+            Op(DW_OP_not),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            // In 32 bit mode, values are truncated.
+            Op(DW_OP_const8u), U64(0xffff_ffff_0000_0000),
+            Op(DW_OP_lit2),
+            Op(DW_OP_div),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const1u), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_lit1),
+            Op(DW_OP_shl),
+            Op(DW_OP_const2u), U16(0x1fe),
+            Op(DW_OP_ne),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const1u), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1u), U8(50),
+            Op(DW_OP_shl),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            // Absurd shift.
+            Op(DW_OP_const1u), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_shl),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_lit1),
+            Op(DW_OP_shr),
+            Op(DW_OP_const4u), U32(0x7fff_ffff),
+            Op(DW_OP_ne),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1u), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_shr),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_lit1),
+            Op(DW_OP_shra),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_ne),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1u), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_shra),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_ne),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            // Success.
+            Op(DW_OP_lit0),
+            Op(DW_OP_nop),
+            Op(DW_OP_skip), Branch(done),
+
+            Mark(fail),
+            Op(DW_OP_lit1),
+
+            Mark(done),
+            Op(DW_OP_stack_value),
+        ];
+
+        let result = [Piece {
+            size_in_bits: None,
+            bit_offset: None,
+            location: Location::Value {
+                value: Value::Generic(0),
+            },
+        }];
+
+        check_eval(&program, Ok(&result), encoding4());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_eval_arith64() {
+        // It's nice if an operation and its arguments can fit on a single
+        // line in the test program.
+        use self::AssemblerEntry::*;
+        use crate::constants::*;
+
+        // Indices of marks in the assembly.
+        let done = 0;
+        let fail = 1;
+
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            Op(DW_OP_const8u), U64(0x1111_2222_3333_4444),
+            Op(DW_OP_const8s), U64((-0x1111_2222_3333_4444i64) as u64),
+            Op(DW_OP_plus),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_constu), Uleb(0x1111_2222_3333_4444),
+            Op(DW_OP_consts), Sleb((-0x1111_2222_3333_4444i64) as u64),
+            Op(DW_OP_plus),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_lit1),
+            Op(DW_OP_plus_uconst), Uleb(!0u64),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_lit1),
+            Op(DW_OP_neg),
+            Op(DW_OP_not),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const8u), U64(0x8000_0000_0000_0000),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1u), U8(63),
+            Op(DW_OP_shr),
+            Op(DW_OP_lit1),
+            Op(DW_OP_ne),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const8u), U64(0x8000_0000_0000_0000),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1u), U8(62),
+            Op(DW_OP_shra),
+            Op(DW_OP_plus_uconst), Uleb(2),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_lit1),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1u), U8(63),
+            Op(DW_OP_shl),
+            Op(DW_OP_const8u), U64(0x8000_0000_0000_0000),
+            Op(DW_OP_ne),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            // Success.
+            Op(DW_OP_lit0),
+            Op(DW_OP_nop),
+            Op(DW_OP_skip), Branch(done),
+
+            Mark(fail),
+            Op(DW_OP_lit1),
+
+            Mark(done),
+            Op(DW_OP_stack_value),
+        ];
+
+        let result = [Piece {
+            size_in_bits: None,
+            bit_offset: None,
+            location: Location::Value {
+                value: Value::Generic(0),
+            },
+        }];
+
+        check_eval(&program, Ok(&result), encoding8());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_eval_compare() {
+        // It's nice if an operation and its arguments can fit on a single
+        // line in the test program.
+        use self::AssemblerEntry::*;
+        use crate::constants::*;
+
+        // Indices of marks in the assembly.
+        let done = 0;
+        let fail = 1;
+
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            // Comparisons are signed.
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(1),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_lt),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(1),
+            Op(DW_OP_gt),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(1),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_le),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(1),
+            Op(DW_OP_ge),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(0xff),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(1),
+            Op(DW_OP_eq),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_const4s), U32(1),
+            Op(DW_OP_const1s), U8(1),
+            Op(DW_OP_ne),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            // Success.
+            Op(DW_OP_lit0),
+            Op(DW_OP_nop),
+            Op(DW_OP_skip), Branch(done),
+
+            Mark(fail),
+            Op(DW_OP_lit1),
+
+            Mark(done),
+            Op(DW_OP_stack_value),
+        ];
+
+        let result = [Piece {
+            size_in_bits: None,
+            bit_offset: None,
+            location: Location::Value {
+                value: Value::Generic(0),
+            },
+        }];
+
+        check_eval(&program, Ok(&result), encoding4());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_eval_stack() {
+        // It's nice if an operation and its arguments can fit on a single
+        // line in the test program.
+        use self::AssemblerEntry::*;
+        use crate::constants::*;
+
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            Op(DW_OP_lit17),                // -- 17
+            Op(DW_OP_dup),                  // -- 17 17
+            Op(DW_OP_over),                 // -- 17 17 17
+            Op(DW_OP_minus),                // -- 17 0
+            Op(DW_OP_swap),                 // -- 0 17
+            Op(DW_OP_dup),                  // -- 0 17 17
+            Op(DW_OP_plus_uconst), Uleb(1), // -- 0 17 18
+            Op(DW_OP_rot),                  // -- 18 0 17
+            Op(DW_OP_pick), U8(2),          // -- 18 0 17 18
+            Op(DW_OP_pick), U8(3),          // -- 18 0 17 18 18
+            Op(DW_OP_minus),                // -- 18 0 17 0
+            Op(DW_OP_drop),                 // -- 18 0 17
+            Op(DW_OP_swap),                 // -- 18 17 0
+            Op(DW_OP_drop),                 // -- 18 17
+            Op(DW_OP_minus),                // -- 1
+            Op(DW_OP_stack_value),
+        ];
+
+        let result = [Piece {
+            size_in_bits: None,
+            bit_offset: None,
+            location: Location::Value {
+                value: Value::Generic(1),
+            },
+        }];
+
+        check_eval(&program, Ok(&result), encoding4());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_eval_lit_and_reg() {
+        // It's nice if an operation and its arguments can fit on a single
+        // line in the test program.
+        use self::AssemblerEntry::*;
+        use crate::constants::*;
+
+        let mut program = Vec::new();
+        program.push(Op(DW_OP_lit0));
+        for i in 0..32 {
+            program.push(Op(DwOp(DW_OP_lit0.0 + i)));
+            program.push(Op(DwOp(DW_OP_breg0.0 + i)));
+            program.push(Sleb(u64::from(i)));
+            program.push(Op(DW_OP_plus));
+            program.push(Op(DW_OP_plus));
+        }
+
+        program.push(Op(DW_OP_bregx));
+        program.push(Uleb(0x1234));
+        program.push(Sleb(0x1234));
+        program.push(Op(DW_OP_plus));
+
+        program.push(Op(DW_OP_stack_value));
+
+        let result = [Piece {
+            size_in_bits: None,
+            bit_offset: None,
+            location: Location::Value {
+                value: Value::Generic(496),
+            },
+        }];
+
+        check_eval_with_args(
+            &program,
+            Ok(&result),
+            encoding4(),
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+            |eval, mut result| {
+                while result != EvaluationResult::Complete {
+                    result = eval.resume_with_register(match result {
+                        EvaluationResult::RequiresRegister {
+                            register,
+                            base_type,
+                        } => {
+                            assert_eq!(base_type, UnitOffset(0));
+                            Value::Generic(u64::from(register.0).wrapping_neg())
+                        }
+                        _ => panic!(),
+                    })?;
+                }
+                Ok(result)
+            },
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_eval_memory() {
+        // It's nice if an operation and its arguments can fit on a single
+        // line in the test program.
+        use self::AssemblerEntry::*;
+        use crate::constants::*;
+
+        // Indices of marks in the assembly.
+        let done = 0;
+        let fail = 1;
+
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            Op(DW_OP_addr), U32(0x7fff_ffff),
+            Op(DW_OP_deref),
+            Op(DW_OP_const4u), U32(0xffff_fffc),
+            Op(DW_OP_ne),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_addr), U32(0x7fff_ffff),
+            Op(DW_OP_deref_size), U8(2),
+            Op(DW_OP_const4u), U32(0xfffc),
+            Op(DW_OP_ne),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_lit1),
+            Op(DW_OP_addr), U32(0x7fff_ffff),
+            Op(DW_OP_xderef),
+            Op(DW_OP_const4u), U32(0xffff_fffd),
+            Op(DW_OP_ne),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_lit1),
+            Op(DW_OP_addr), U32(0x7fff_ffff),
+            Op(DW_OP_xderef_size), U8(2),
+            Op(DW_OP_const4u), U32(0xfffd),
+            Op(DW_OP_ne),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_lit17),
+            Op(DW_OP_form_tls_address),
+            Op(DW_OP_constu), Uleb(!17),
+            Op(DW_OP_ne),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_lit17),
+            Op(DW_OP_GNU_push_tls_address),
+            Op(DW_OP_constu), Uleb(!17),
+            Op(DW_OP_ne),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_addrx), Uleb(0x10),
+            Op(DW_OP_deref),
+            Op(DW_OP_const4u), U32(0x4040),
+            Op(DW_OP_ne),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            Op(DW_OP_constx), Uleb(17),
+            Op(DW_OP_form_tls_address),
+            Op(DW_OP_constu), Uleb(!27),
+            Op(DW_OP_ne),
+            Op(DW_OP_bra), Branch(fail),
+
+            // Success.
+            Op(DW_OP_lit0),
+            Op(DW_OP_nop),
+            Op(DW_OP_skip), Branch(done),
+
+            Mark(fail),
+            Op(DW_OP_lit1),
+
+            Mark(done),
+            Op(DW_OP_stack_value),
+        ];
+
+        let result = [Piece {
+            size_in_bits: None,
+            bit_offset: None,
+            location: Location::Value {
+                value: Value::Generic(0),
+            },
+        }];
+
+        check_eval_with_args(
+            &program,
+            Ok(&result),
+            encoding4(),
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+            |eval, mut result| {
+                while result != EvaluationResult::Complete {
+                    result = match result {
+                        EvaluationResult::RequiresMemory {
+                            address,
+                            size,
+                            space,
+                            base_type,
+                        } => {
+                            assert_eq!(base_type, UnitOffset(0));
+                            let mut v = address << 2;
+                            if let Some(value) = space {
+                                v += value;
+                            }
+                            v &= (1u64 << (8 * size)) - 1;
+                            eval.resume_with_memory(Value::Generic(v))?
+                        }
+                        EvaluationResult::RequiresTls(slot) => eval.resume_with_tls(!slot)?,
+                        EvaluationResult::RequiresRelocatedAddress(address) => {
+                            eval.resume_with_relocated_address(address)?
+                        }
+                        EvaluationResult::RequiresIndexedAddress { index, relocate } => {
+                            if relocate {
+                                eval.resume_with_indexed_address(0x1000 + index.0 as u64)?
+                            } else {
+                                eval.resume_with_indexed_address(10 + index.0 as u64)?
+                            }
+                        }
+                        _ => panic!(),
+                    };
+                }
+
+                Ok(result)
+            },
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_eval_register() {
+        // It's nice if an operation and its arguments can fit on a single
+        // line in the test program.
+        use self::AssemblerEntry::*;
+        use crate::constants::*;
+
+        for i in 0..32 {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let program = [
+                Op(DwOp(DW_OP_reg0.0 + i)),
+                // Included only in the "bad" run.
+                Op(DW_OP_lit23),
+            ];
+            let ok_result = [Piece {
+                size_in_bits: None,
+                bit_offset: None,
+                location: Location::Register {
+                    register: Register(i.into()),
+                },
+            }];
+
+            check_eval(&program[..1], Ok(&ok_result), encoding4());
+
+            check_eval(
+                &program,
+                Err(Error::InvalidExpressionTerminator(1)),
+                encoding4(),
+            );
+        }
+
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            Op(DW_OP_regx), Uleb(0x1234)
+        ];
+
+        let result = [Piece {
+            size_in_bits: None,
+            bit_offset: None,
+            location: Location::Register {
+                register: Register(0x1234),
+            },
+        }];
+
+        check_eval(&program, Ok(&result), encoding4());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_eval_context() {
+        // It's nice if an operation and its arguments can fit on a single
+        // line in the test program.
+        use self::AssemblerEntry::*;
+        use crate::constants::*;
+
+        // Test `frame_base` and `call_frame_cfa` callbacks.
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            Op(DW_OP_fbreg), Sleb((-8i8) as u64),
+            Op(DW_OP_call_frame_cfa),
+            Op(DW_OP_plus),
+            Op(DW_OP_neg),
+            Op(DW_OP_stack_value)
+        ];
+
+        let result = [Piece {
+            size_in_bits: None,
+            bit_offset: None,
+            location: Location::Value {
+                value: Value::Generic(9),
+            },
+        }];
+
+        check_eval_with_args(
+            &program,
+            Ok(&result),
+            encoding8(),
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+            |eval, result| {
+                match result {
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresFrameBase => {}
+                    _ => panic!(),
+                };
+                match eval.resume_with_frame_base(0x0123_4567_89ab_cdef)? {
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresCallFrameCfa => {}
+                    _ => panic!(),
+                };
+                eval.resume_with_call_frame_cfa(0xfedc_ba98_7654_3210)
+            },
+        );
+
+        // Test `evaluate_entry_value` callback.
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            Op(DW_OP_entry_value), Uleb(8), U64(0x1234_5678),
+            Op(DW_OP_stack_value)
+        ];
+
+        let result = [Piece {
+            size_in_bits: None,
+            bit_offset: None,
+            location: Location::Value {
+                value: Value::Generic(0x1234_5678),
+            },
+        }];
+
+        check_eval_with_args(
+            &program,
+            Ok(&result),
+            encoding8(),
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+            |eval, result| {
+                let entry_value = match result {
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresEntryValue(mut expression) => {
+                        expression.0.read_u64()?
+                    }
+                    _ => panic!(),
+                };
+                eval.resume_with_entry_value(Value::Generic(entry_value))
+            },
+        );
+
+        // Test missing `object_address` field.
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            Op(DW_OP_push_object_address),
+        ];
+
+        check_eval_with_args(
+            &program,
+            Err(Error::InvalidPushObjectAddress),
+            encoding4(),
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+            |_, _| panic!(),
+        );
+
+        // Test `object_address` field.
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            Op(DW_OP_push_object_address),
+            Op(DW_OP_stack_value),
+        ];
+
+        let result = [Piece {
+            size_in_bits: None,
+            bit_offset: None,
+            location: Location::Value {
+                value: Value::Generic(0xff),
+            },
+        }];
+
+        check_eval_with_args(
+            &program,
+            Ok(&result),
+            encoding8(),
+            Some(0xff),
+            None,
+            None,
+            |_, result| Ok(result),
+        );
+
+        // Test `initial_value` field.
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+        ];
+
+        let result = [Piece {
+            size_in_bits: None,
+            bit_offset: None,
+            location: Location::Address {
+                address: 0x1234_5678,
+            },
+        }];
+
+        check_eval_with_args(
+            &program,
+            Ok(&result),
+            encoding8(),
+            None,
+            Some(0x1234_5678),
+            None,
+            |_, result| Ok(result),
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_eval_empty_stack() {
+        // It's nice if an operation and its arguments can fit on a single
+        // line in the test program.
+        use self::AssemblerEntry::*;
+        use crate::constants::*;
+
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            Op(DW_OP_stack_value)
+        ];
+
+        check_eval(&program, Err(Error::NotEnoughStackItems), encoding4());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_eval_call() {
+        // It's nice if an operation and its arguments can fit on a single
+        // line in the test program.
+        use self::AssemblerEntry::*;
+        use crate::constants::*;
+
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            Op(DW_OP_lit23),
+            Op(DW_OP_call2), U16(0x7755),
+            Op(DW_OP_call4), U32(0x7755_aaee),
+            Op(DW_OP_call_ref), U32(0x7755_aaee),
+            Op(DW_OP_stack_value)
+        ];
+
+        let result = [Piece {
+            size_in_bits: None,
+            bit_offset: None,
+            location: Location::Value {
+                value: Value::Generic(23),
+            },
+        }];
+
+        check_eval_with_args(
+            &program,
+            Ok(&result),
+            encoding4(),
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+            |eval, result| {
+                let buf = EndianSlice::new(&[], LittleEndian);
+                match result {
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresAtLocation(_) => {}
+                    _ => panic!(),
+                };
+
+                eval.resume_with_at_location(buf)?;
+
+                match result {
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresAtLocation(_) => {}
+                    _ => panic!(),
+                };
+
+                eval.resume_with_at_location(buf)?;
+
+                match result {
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresAtLocation(_) => {}
+                    _ => panic!(),
+                };
+
+                eval.resume_with_at_location(buf)
+            },
+        );
+
+        // DW_OP_lit2 DW_OP_mul
+        const SUBR: &[u8] = &[0x32, 0x1e];
+
+        let result = [Piece {
+            size_in_bits: None,
+            bit_offset: None,
+            location: Location::Value {
+                value: Value::Generic(184),
+            },
+        }];
+
+        check_eval_with_args(
+            &program,
+            Ok(&result),
+            encoding4(),
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+            |eval, result| {
+                let buf = EndianSlice::new(SUBR, LittleEndian);
+                match result {
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresAtLocation(_) => {}
+                    _ => panic!(),
+                };
+
+                eval.resume_with_at_location(buf)?;
+
+                match result {
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresAtLocation(_) => {}
+                    _ => panic!(),
+                };
+
+                eval.resume_with_at_location(buf)?;
+
+                match result {
+                    EvaluationResult::RequiresAtLocation(_) => {}
+                    _ => panic!(),
+                };
+
+                eval.resume_with_at_location(buf)
+            },
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_eval_pieces() {
+        // It's nice if an operation and its arguments can fit on a single
+        // line in the test program.
+        use self::AssemblerEntry::*;
+        use crate::constants::*;
+
+        // Example from DWARF 2.6.1.3.
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            Op(DW_OP_reg3),
+            Op(DW_OP_piece), Uleb(4),
+            Op(DW_OP_reg4),
+            Op(DW_OP_piece), Uleb(2),
+        ];
+
+        let result = [
+            Piece {
+                size_in_bits: Some(32),
+                bit_offset: None,
+                location: Location::Register {
+                    register: Register(3),
+                },
+            },
+            Piece {
+                size_in_bits: Some(16),
+                bit_offset: None,
+                location: Location::Register {
+                    register: Register(4),
+                },
+            },
+        ];
+
+        check_eval(&program, Ok(&result), encoding4());
+
+        // Example from DWARF 2.6.1.3 (but hacked since dealing with fbreg
+        // in the tests is a pain).
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            Op(DW_OP_reg0),
+            Op(DW_OP_piece), Uleb(4),
+            Op(DW_OP_piece), Uleb(4),
+            Op(DW_OP_addr), U32(0x7fff_ffff),
+            Op(DW_OP_piece), Uleb(4),
+        ];
+
+        let result = [
+            Piece {
+                size_in_bits: Some(32),
+                bit_offset: None,
+                location: Location::Register {
+                    register: Register(0),
+                },
+            },
+            Piece {
+                size_in_bits: Some(32),
+                bit_offset: None,
+                location: Location::Empty,
+            },
+            Piece {
+                size_in_bits: Some(32),
+                bit_offset: None,
+                location: Location::Address {
+                    address: 0x7fff_ffff,
+                },
+            },
+        ];
+
+        check_eval_with_args(
+            &program,
+            Ok(&result),
+            encoding4(),
+            None,
+            None,
+            None,
+            |eval, mut result| {
+                while result != EvaluationResult::Complete {
+                    result = match result {
+                        EvaluationResult::RequiresRelocatedAddress(address) => {
+                            eval.resume_with_relocated_address(address)?
+                        }
+                        _ => panic!(),
+                    };
+                }
+
+                Ok(result)
+            },
+        );
+
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            Op(DW_OP_implicit_value), Uleb(5),
+            U8(23), U8(24), U8(25), U8(26), U8(0),
+        ];
+
+        const BYTES: &[u8] = &[23, 24, 25, 26, 0];
+
+        let result = [Piece {
+            size_in_bits: None,
+            bit_offset: None,
+            location: Location::Bytes {
+                value: EndianSlice::new(BYTES, LittleEndian),
+            },
+        }];
+
+        check_eval(&program, Ok(&result), encoding4());
+
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            Op(DW_OP_lit7),
+            Op(DW_OP_stack_value),
+            Op(DW_OP_bit_piece), Uleb(5), Uleb(0),
+            Op(DW_OP_bit_piece), Uleb(3), Uleb(0),
+        ];
+
+        let result = [
+            Piece {
+                size_in_bits: Some(5),
+                bit_offset: Some(0),
+                location: Location::Value {
+                    value: Value::Generic(7),
+                },
+            },
+            Piece {
+                size_in_bits: Some(3),
+                bit_offset: Some(0),
+                location: Location::Empty,
+            },
+        ];
+
+        check_eval(&program, Ok(&result), encoding4());
+
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            Op(DW_OP_lit7),
+        ];
+
+        let result = [Piece {
+            size_in_bits: None,
+            bit_offset: None,
+            location: Location::Address { address: 7 },
+        }];
+
+        check_eval(&program, Ok(&result), encoding4());
+
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            Op(DW_OP_implicit_pointer), U32(0x1234_5678), Sleb(0x123),
+        ];
+
+        let result = [Piece {
+            size_in_bits: None,
+            bit_offset: None,
+            location: Location::ImplicitPointer {
+                value: DebugInfoOffset(0x1234_5678),
+                byte_offset: 0x123,
+            },
+        }];
+
+        check_eval(&program, Ok(&result), encoding4());
+
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            Op(DW_OP_reg3),
+            Op(DW_OP_piece), Uleb(4),
+            Op(DW_OP_reg4),
+        ];
+
+        check_eval(&program, Err(Error::InvalidPiece), encoding4());
+
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            Op(DW_OP_reg3),
+            Op(DW_OP_piece), Uleb(4),
+            Op(DW_OP_lit0),
+        ];
+
+        check_eval(&program, Err(Error::InvalidPiece), encoding4());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_eval_max_iterations() {
+        // It's nice if an operation and its arguments can fit on a single
+        // line in the test program.
+        use self::AssemblerEntry::*;
+        use crate::constants::*;
+
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let program = [
+            Mark(1),
+            Op(DW_OP_skip), Branch(1),
+        ];
+
+        check_eval_with_args(
+            &program,
+            Err(Error::TooManyIterations),
+            encoding4(),
+            None,
+            None,
+            Some(150),
+            |_, _| panic!(),
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_eval_typed_stack() {
+        use self::AssemblerEntry::*;
+        use crate::constants::*;
+
+        let base_types = [
+            ValueType::Generic,
+            ValueType::U16,
+            ValueType::U32,
+            ValueType::F32,
+        ];
+
+        // TODO: convert, reinterpret
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let tests = [
+            (
+                &[
+                    Op(DW_OP_const_type), Uleb(1), U8(2), U16(0x1234),
+                    Op(DW_OP_stack_value),
+                ][..],
+                Value::U16(0x1234),
+            ),
+            (
+                &[
+                    Op(DW_OP_regval_type), Uleb(0x1234), Uleb(1),
+                    Op(DW_OP_stack_value),
+                ][..],
+                Value::U16(0x2340),
+            ),
+            (
+                &[
+                    Op(DW_OP_addr), U32(0x7fff_ffff),
+                    Op(DW_OP_deref_type), U8(2), Uleb(1),
+                    Op(DW_OP_stack_value),
+                ][..],
+                Value::U16(0xfff0),
+            ),
+            (
+                &[
+                    Op(DW_OP_lit1),
+                    Op(DW_OP_addr), U32(0x7fff_ffff),
+                    Op(DW_OP_xderef_type), U8(2), Uleb(1),
+                    Op(DW_OP_stack_value),
+                ][..],
+                Value::U16(0xfff1),
+            ),
+            (
+                &[
+                    Op(DW_OP_const_type), Uleb(1), U8(2), U16(0x1234),
+                    Op(DW_OP_convert), Uleb(2),
+                    Op(DW_OP_stack_value),
+                ][..],
+                Value::U32(0x1234),
+            ),
+            (
+                &[
+                    Op(DW_OP_const_type), Uleb(2), U8(4), U32(0x3f80_0000),
+                    Op(DW_OP_reinterpret), Uleb(3),
+                    Op(DW_OP_stack_value),
+                ][..],
+                Value::F32(1.0),
+            ),
+        ];
+        for &(program, value) in &tests {
+            let result = [Piece {
+                size_in_bits: None,
+                bit_offset: None,
+                location: Location::Value { value },
+            }];
+
+            check_eval_with_args(
+                program,
+                Ok(&result),
+                encoding4(),
+                None,
+                None,
+                None,
+                |eval, mut result| {
+                    while result != EvaluationResult::Complete {
+                        result = match result {
+                            EvaluationResult::RequiresMemory {
+                                address,
+                                size,
+                                space,
+                                base_type,
+                            } => {
+                                let mut v = address << 4;
+                                if let Some(value) = space {
+                                    v += value;
+                                }
+                                v &= (1u64 << (8 * size)) - 1;
+                                let v = Value::from_u64(base_types[base_type.0], v)?;
+                                eval.resume_with_memory(v)?
+                            }
+                            EvaluationResult::RequiresRegister {
+                                register,
+                                base_type,
+                            } => {
+                                let v = Value::from_u64(
+                                    base_types[base_type.0],
+                                    u64::from(register.0) << 4,
+                                )?;
+                                eval.resume_with_register(v)?
+                            }
+                            EvaluationResult::RequiresBaseType(offset) => {
+                                eval.resume_with_base_type(base_types[offset.0])?
+                            }
+                            EvaluationResult::RequiresRelocatedAddress(address) => {
+                                eval.resume_with_relocated_address(address)?
+                            }
+                            _ => panic!("Unexpected result {:?}", result),
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Ok(result)
+                },
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}