wasmtime 10.0.1 → 11.0.0

data/ext/cargo-vendor/serde_json-1.0.105/src/ser.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,2247 @@
+//! Serialize a Rust data structure into JSON data.
+
+use crate::error::{Error, ErrorCode, Result};
+use crate::io;
+use alloc::string::{String, ToString};
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::fmt::{self, Display};
+use core::num::FpCategory;
+use serde::ser::{self, Impossible, Serialize};
+
+/// A structure for serializing Rust values into JSON.
+#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "std")))]
+pub struct Serializer<W, F = CompactFormatter> {
+    writer: W,
+    formatter: F,
+}
+
+impl<W> Serializer<W>
+where
+    W: io::Write,
+{
+    /// Creates a new JSON serializer.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new(writer: W) -> Self {
+        Serializer::with_formatter(writer, CompactFormatter)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, W> Serializer<W, PrettyFormatter<'a>>
+where
+    W: io::Write,
+{
+    /// Creates a new JSON pretty print serializer.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn pretty(writer: W) -> Self {
+        Serializer::with_formatter(writer, PrettyFormatter::new())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<W, F> Serializer<W, F>
+where
+    W: io::Write,
+    F: Formatter,
+{
+    /// Creates a new JSON visitor whose output will be written to the writer
+    /// specified.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn with_formatter(writer: W, formatter: F) -> Self {
+        Serializer { writer, formatter }
+    }
+
+    /// Unwrap the `Writer` from the `Serializer`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn into_inner(self) -> W {
+        self.writer
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, W, F> ser::Serializer for &'a mut Serializer<W, F>
+where
+    W: io::Write,
+    F: Formatter,
+{
+    type Ok = ();
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    type SerializeSeq = Compound<'a, W, F>;
+    type SerializeTuple = Compound<'a, W, F>;
+    type SerializeTupleStruct = Compound<'a, W, F>;
+    type SerializeTupleVariant = Compound<'a, W, F>;
+    type SerializeMap = Compound<'a, W, F>;
+    type SerializeStruct = Compound<'a, W, F>;
+    type SerializeStructVariant = Compound<'a, W, F>;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_bool(self, value: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        self.formatter
+            .write_bool(&mut self.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_i8(self, value: i8) -> Result<()> {
+        self.formatter
+            .write_i8(&mut self.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_i16(self, value: i16) -> Result<()> {
+        self.formatter
+            .write_i16(&mut self.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_i32(self, value: i32) -> Result<()> {
+        self.formatter
+            .write_i32(&mut self.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_i64(self, value: i64) -> Result<()> {
+        self.formatter
+            .write_i64(&mut self.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_i128(self, value: i128) -> Result<()> {
+        self.formatter
+            .write_i128(&mut self.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_u8(self, value: u8) -> Result<()> {
+        self.formatter
+            .write_u8(&mut self.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_u16(self, value: u16) -> Result<()> {
+        self.formatter
+            .write_u16(&mut self.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_u32(self, value: u32) -> Result<()> {
+        self.formatter
+            .write_u32(&mut self.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_u64(self, value: u64) -> Result<()> {
+        self.formatter
+            .write_u64(&mut self.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_u128(self, value: u128) -> Result<()> {
+        self.formatter
+            .write_u128(&mut self.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_f32(self, value: f32) -> Result<()> {
+        match value.classify() {
+            FpCategory::Nan | FpCategory::Infinite => self
+                .formatter
+                .write_null(&mut self.writer)
+                .map_err(Error::io),
+            _ => self
+                .formatter
+                .write_f32(&mut self.writer, value)
+                .map_err(Error::io),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_f64(self, value: f64) -> Result<()> {
+        match value.classify() {
+            FpCategory::Nan | FpCategory::Infinite => self
+                .formatter
+                .write_null(&mut self.writer)
+                .map_err(Error::io),
+            _ => self
+                .formatter
+                .write_f64(&mut self.writer, value)
+                .map_err(Error::io),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_char(self, value: char) -> Result<()> {
+        // A char encoded as UTF-8 takes 4 bytes at most.
+        let mut buf = [0; 4];
+        self.serialize_str(value.encode_utf8(&mut buf))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_str(self, value: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        format_escaped_str(&mut self.writer, &mut self.formatter, value).map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_bytes(self, value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+        self.formatter
+            .write_byte_array(&mut self.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_unit(self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.formatter
+            .write_null(&mut self.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_unit_struct(self, _name: &'static str) -> Result<()> {
+        self.serialize_unit()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_unit_variant(
+        self,
+        _name: &'static str,
+        _variant_index: u32,
+        variant: &'static str,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        self.serialize_str(variant)
+    }
+
+    /// Serialize newtypes without an object wrapper.
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_newtype_struct<T>(self, _name: &'static str, value: &T) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+    {
+        value.serialize(self)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_newtype_variant<T>(
+        self,
+        _name: &'static str,
+        _variant_index: u32,
+        variant: &'static str,
+        value: &T,
+    ) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+    {
+        tri!(self
+            .formatter
+            .begin_object(&mut self.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self
+            .formatter
+            .begin_object_key(&mut self.writer, true)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self.serialize_str(variant));
+        tri!(self
+            .formatter
+            .end_object_key(&mut self.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self
+            .formatter
+            .begin_object_value(&mut self.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(value.serialize(&mut *self));
+        tri!(self
+            .formatter
+            .end_object_value(&mut self.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        self.formatter
+            .end_object(&mut self.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_none(self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.serialize_unit()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_some<T>(self, value: &T) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+    {
+        value.serialize(self)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_seq(self, len: Option<usize>) -> Result<Self::SerializeSeq> {
+        tri!(self
+            .formatter
+            .begin_array(&mut self.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        if len == Some(0) {
+            tri!(self
+                .formatter
+                .end_array(&mut self.writer)
+                .map_err(Error::io));
+            Ok(Compound::Map {
+                ser: self,
+                state: State::Empty,
+            })
+        } else {
+            Ok(Compound::Map {
+                ser: self,
+                state: State::First,
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_tuple(self, len: usize) -> Result<Self::SerializeTuple> {
+        self.serialize_seq(Some(len))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_tuple_struct(
+        self,
+        _name: &'static str,
+        len: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Self::SerializeTupleStruct> {
+        self.serialize_seq(Some(len))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_tuple_variant(
+        self,
+        _name: &'static str,
+        _variant_index: u32,
+        variant: &'static str,
+        len: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Self::SerializeTupleVariant> {
+        tri!(self
+            .formatter
+            .begin_object(&mut self.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self
+            .formatter
+            .begin_object_key(&mut self.writer, true)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self.serialize_str(variant));
+        tri!(self
+            .formatter
+            .end_object_key(&mut self.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self
+            .formatter
+            .begin_object_value(&mut self.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        self.serialize_seq(Some(len))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_map(self, len: Option<usize>) -> Result<Self::SerializeMap> {
+        tri!(self
+            .formatter
+            .begin_object(&mut self.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        if len == Some(0) {
+            tri!(self
+                .formatter
+                .end_object(&mut self.writer)
+                .map_err(Error::io));
+            Ok(Compound::Map {
+                ser: self,
+                state: State::Empty,
+            })
+        } else {
+            Ok(Compound::Map {
+                ser: self,
+                state: State::First,
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_struct(self, name: &'static str, len: usize) -> Result<Self::SerializeStruct> {
+        match name {
+            #[cfg(feature = "arbitrary_precision")]
+            crate::number::TOKEN => Ok(Compound::Number { ser: self }),
+            #[cfg(feature = "raw_value")]
+            crate::raw::TOKEN => Ok(Compound::RawValue { ser: self }),
+            _ => self.serialize_map(Some(len)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_struct_variant(
+        self,
+        _name: &'static str,
+        _variant_index: u32,
+        variant: &'static str,
+        len: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Self::SerializeStructVariant> {
+        tri!(self
+            .formatter
+            .begin_object(&mut self.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self
+            .formatter
+            .begin_object_key(&mut self.writer, true)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self.serialize_str(variant));
+        tri!(self
+            .formatter
+            .end_object_key(&mut self.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self
+            .formatter
+            .begin_object_value(&mut self.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        self.serialize_map(Some(len))
+    }
+
+    fn collect_str<T>(self, value: &T) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Display,
+    {
+        use self::fmt::Write;
+
+        struct Adapter<'ser, W: 'ser, F: 'ser> {
+            writer: &'ser mut W,
+            formatter: &'ser mut F,
+            error: Option<io::Error>,
+        }
+
+        impl<'ser, W, F> Write for Adapter<'ser, W, F>
+        where
+            W: io::Write,
+            F: Formatter,
+        {
+            fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
+                debug_assert!(self.error.is_none());
+                match format_escaped_str_contents(self.writer, self.formatter, s) {
+                    Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        self.error = Some(err);
+                        Err(fmt::Error)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        tri!(self
+            .formatter
+            .begin_string(&mut self.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        let mut adapter = Adapter {
+            writer: &mut self.writer,
+            formatter: &mut self.formatter,
+            error: None,
+        };
+        match write!(adapter, "{}", value) {
+            Ok(()) => debug_assert!(adapter.error.is_none()),
+            Err(fmt::Error) => {
+                return Err(Error::io(adapter.error.expect("there should be an error")));
+            }
+        }
+        self.formatter
+            .end_string(&mut self.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+}
+
+// Not public API. Should be pub(crate).
+#[doc(hidden)]
+#[derive(Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub enum State {
+    Empty,
+    First,
+    Rest,
+}
+
+// Not public API. Should be pub(crate).
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub enum Compound<'a, W: 'a, F: 'a> {
+    Map {
+        ser: &'a mut Serializer<W, F>,
+        state: State,
+    },
+    #[cfg(feature = "arbitrary_precision")]
+    Number { ser: &'a mut Serializer<W, F> },
+    #[cfg(feature = "raw_value")]
+    RawValue { ser: &'a mut Serializer<W, F> },
+}
+
+impl<'a, W, F> ser::SerializeSeq for Compound<'a, W, F>
+where
+    W: io::Write,
+    F: Formatter,
+{
+    type Ok = ();
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_element<T>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Compound::Map { ser, state } => {
+                tri!(ser
+                    .formatter
+                    .begin_array_value(&mut ser.writer, *state == State::First)
+                    .map_err(Error::io));
+                *state = State::Rest;
+                tri!(value.serialize(&mut **ser));
+                ser.formatter
+                    .end_array_value(&mut ser.writer)
+                    .map_err(Error::io)
+            }
+            #[cfg(feature = "arbitrary_precision")]
+            Compound::Number { .. } => unreachable!(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "raw_value")]
+            Compound::RawValue { .. } => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn end(self) -> Result<()> {
+        match self {
+            Compound::Map { ser, state } => match state {
+                State::Empty => Ok(()),
+                _ => ser.formatter.end_array(&mut ser.writer).map_err(Error::io),
+            },
+            #[cfg(feature = "arbitrary_precision")]
+            Compound::Number { .. } => unreachable!(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "raw_value")]
+            Compound::RawValue { .. } => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, W, F> ser::SerializeTuple for Compound<'a, W, F>
+where
+    W: io::Write,
+    F: Formatter,
+{
+    type Ok = ();
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_element<T>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+    {
+        ser::SerializeSeq::serialize_element(self, value)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn end(self) -> Result<()> {
+        ser::SerializeSeq::end(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, W, F> ser::SerializeTupleStruct for Compound<'a, W, F>
+where
+    W: io::Write,
+    F: Formatter,
+{
+    type Ok = ();
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_field<T>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+    {
+        ser::SerializeSeq::serialize_element(self, value)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn end(self) -> Result<()> {
+        ser::SerializeSeq::end(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, W, F> ser::SerializeTupleVariant for Compound<'a, W, F>
+where
+    W: io::Write,
+    F: Formatter,
+{
+    type Ok = ();
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_field<T>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+    {
+        ser::SerializeSeq::serialize_element(self, value)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn end(self) -> Result<()> {
+        match self {
+            Compound::Map { ser, state } => {
+                match state {
+                    State::Empty => {}
+                    _ => tri!(ser.formatter.end_array(&mut ser.writer).map_err(Error::io)),
+                }
+                tri!(ser
+                    .formatter
+                    .end_object_value(&mut ser.writer)
+                    .map_err(Error::io));
+                ser.formatter.end_object(&mut ser.writer).map_err(Error::io)
+            }
+            #[cfg(feature = "arbitrary_precision")]
+            Compound::Number { .. } => unreachable!(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "raw_value")]
+            Compound::RawValue { .. } => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, W, F> ser::SerializeMap for Compound<'a, W, F>
+where
+    W: io::Write,
+    F: Formatter,
+{
+    type Ok = ();
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_key<T>(&mut self, key: &T) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Compound::Map { ser, state } => {
+                tri!(ser
+                    .formatter
+                    .begin_object_key(&mut ser.writer, *state == State::First)
+                    .map_err(Error::io));
+                *state = State::Rest;
+
+                tri!(key.serialize(MapKeySerializer { ser: *ser }));
+
+                ser.formatter
+                    .end_object_key(&mut ser.writer)
+                    .map_err(Error::io)
+            }
+            #[cfg(feature = "arbitrary_precision")]
+            Compound::Number { .. } => unreachable!(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "raw_value")]
+            Compound::RawValue { .. } => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_value<T>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Compound::Map { ser, .. } => {
+                tri!(ser
+                    .formatter
+                    .begin_object_value(&mut ser.writer)
+                    .map_err(Error::io));
+                tri!(value.serialize(&mut **ser));
+                ser.formatter
+                    .end_object_value(&mut ser.writer)
+                    .map_err(Error::io)
+            }
+            #[cfg(feature = "arbitrary_precision")]
+            Compound::Number { .. } => unreachable!(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "raw_value")]
+            Compound::RawValue { .. } => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn end(self) -> Result<()> {
+        match self {
+            Compound::Map { ser, state } => match state {
+                State::Empty => Ok(()),
+                _ => ser.formatter.end_object(&mut ser.writer).map_err(Error::io),
+            },
+            #[cfg(feature = "arbitrary_precision")]
+            Compound::Number { .. } => unreachable!(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "raw_value")]
+            Compound::RawValue { .. } => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, W, F> ser::SerializeStruct for Compound<'a, W, F>
+where
+    W: io::Write,
+    F: Formatter,
+{
+    type Ok = ();
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_field<T>(&mut self, key: &'static str, value: &T) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Compound::Map { .. } => ser::SerializeMap::serialize_entry(self, key, value),
+            #[cfg(feature = "arbitrary_precision")]
+            Compound::Number { ser, .. } => {
+                if key == crate::number::TOKEN {
+                    value.serialize(NumberStrEmitter(ser))
+                } else {
+                    Err(invalid_number())
+                }
+            }
+            #[cfg(feature = "raw_value")]
+            Compound::RawValue { ser, .. } => {
+                if key == crate::raw::TOKEN {
+                    value.serialize(RawValueStrEmitter(ser))
+                } else {
+                    Err(invalid_raw_value())
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn end(self) -> Result<()> {
+        match self {
+            Compound::Map { .. } => ser::SerializeMap::end(self),
+            #[cfg(feature = "arbitrary_precision")]
+            Compound::Number { .. } => Ok(()),
+            #[cfg(feature = "raw_value")]
+            Compound::RawValue { .. } => Ok(()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, W, F> ser::SerializeStructVariant for Compound<'a, W, F>
+where
+    W: io::Write,
+    F: Formatter,
+{
+    type Ok = ();
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_field<T>(&mut self, key: &'static str, value: &T) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+    {
+        match *self {
+            Compound::Map { .. } => ser::SerializeStruct::serialize_field(self, key, value),
+            #[cfg(feature = "arbitrary_precision")]
+            Compound::Number { .. } => unreachable!(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "raw_value")]
+            Compound::RawValue { .. } => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn end(self) -> Result<()> {
+        match self {
+            Compound::Map { ser, state } => {
+                match state {
+                    State::Empty => {}
+                    _ => tri!(ser.formatter.end_object(&mut ser.writer).map_err(Error::io)),
+                }
+                tri!(ser
+                    .formatter
+                    .end_object_value(&mut ser.writer)
+                    .map_err(Error::io));
+                ser.formatter.end_object(&mut ser.writer).map_err(Error::io)
+            }
+            #[cfg(feature = "arbitrary_precision")]
+            Compound::Number { .. } => unreachable!(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "raw_value")]
+            Compound::RawValue { .. } => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct MapKeySerializer<'a, W: 'a, F: 'a> {
+    ser: &'a mut Serializer<W, F>,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "arbitrary_precision")]
+fn invalid_number() -> Error {
+    Error::syntax(ErrorCode::InvalidNumber, 0, 0)
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "raw_value")]
+fn invalid_raw_value() -> Error {
+    Error::syntax(ErrorCode::ExpectedSomeValue, 0, 0)
+}
+
+fn key_must_be_a_string() -> Error {
+    Error::syntax(ErrorCode::KeyMustBeAString, 0, 0)
+}
+
+fn float_key_must_be_finite() -> Error {
+    Error::syntax(ErrorCode::FloatKeyMustBeFinite, 0, 0)
+}
+
+impl<'a, W, F> ser::Serializer for MapKeySerializer<'a, W, F>
+where
+    W: io::Write,
+    F: Formatter,
+{
+    type Ok = ();
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_str(self, value: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        self.ser.serialize_str(value)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_unit_variant(
+        self,
+        _name: &'static str,
+        _variant_index: u32,
+        variant: &'static str,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        self.ser.serialize_str(variant)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize_newtype_struct<T>(self, _name: &'static str, value: &T) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+    {
+        value.serialize(self)
+    }
+
+    type SerializeSeq = Impossible<(), Error>;
+    type SerializeTuple = Impossible<(), Error>;
+    type SerializeTupleStruct = Impossible<(), Error>;
+    type SerializeTupleVariant = Impossible<(), Error>;
+    type SerializeMap = Impossible<(), Error>;
+    type SerializeStruct = Impossible<(), Error>;
+    type SerializeStructVariant = Impossible<(), Error>;
+
+    fn serialize_bool(self, value: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .begin_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .write_bool(&mut self.ser.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        self.ser
+            .formatter
+            .end_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_i8(self, value: i8) -> Result<()> {
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .begin_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .write_i8(&mut self.ser.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        self.ser
+            .formatter
+            .end_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_i16(self, value: i16) -> Result<()> {
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .begin_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .write_i16(&mut self.ser.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        self.ser
+            .formatter
+            .end_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_i32(self, value: i32) -> Result<()> {
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .begin_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .write_i32(&mut self.ser.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        self.ser
+            .formatter
+            .end_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_i64(self, value: i64) -> Result<()> {
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .begin_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .write_i64(&mut self.ser.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        self.ser
+            .formatter
+            .end_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_i128(self, value: i128) -> Result<()> {
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .begin_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .write_i128(&mut self.ser.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        self.ser
+            .formatter
+            .end_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_u8(self, value: u8) -> Result<()> {
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .begin_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .write_u8(&mut self.ser.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        self.ser
+            .formatter
+            .end_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_u16(self, value: u16) -> Result<()> {
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .begin_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .write_u16(&mut self.ser.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        self.ser
+            .formatter
+            .end_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_u32(self, value: u32) -> Result<()> {
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .begin_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .write_u32(&mut self.ser.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        self.ser
+            .formatter
+            .end_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_u64(self, value: u64) -> Result<()> {
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .begin_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .write_u64(&mut self.ser.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        self.ser
+            .formatter
+            .end_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_u128(self, value: u128) -> Result<()> {
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .begin_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .write_u128(&mut self.ser.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        self.ser
+            .formatter
+            .end_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_f32(self, value: f32) -> Result<()> {
+        if !value.is_finite() {
+            return Err(float_key_must_be_finite());
+        }
+
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .begin_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .write_f32(&mut self.ser.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        self.ser
+            .formatter
+            .end_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_f64(self, value: f64) -> Result<()> {
+        if !value.is_finite() {
+            return Err(float_key_must_be_finite());
+        }
+
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .begin_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        tri!(self
+            .ser
+            .formatter
+            .write_f64(&mut self.ser.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io));
+        self.ser
+            .formatter
+            .end_string(&mut self.ser.writer)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_char(self, value: char) -> Result<()> {
+        self.ser.serialize_str(&value.to_string())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_bytes(self, _value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(key_must_be_a_string())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_unit(self) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(key_must_be_a_string())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_unit_struct(self, _name: &'static str) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(key_must_be_a_string())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_newtype_variant<T>(
+        self,
+        _name: &'static str,
+        _variant_index: u32,
+        _variant: &'static str,
+        _value: &T,
+    ) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+    {
+        Err(key_must_be_a_string())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_none(self) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(key_must_be_a_string())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_some<T>(self, value: &T) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+    {
+        value.serialize(self)
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_seq(self, _len: Option<usize>) -> Result<Self::SerializeSeq> {
+        Err(key_must_be_a_string())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_tuple(self, _len: usize) -> Result<Self::SerializeTuple> {
+        Err(key_must_be_a_string())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_tuple_struct(
+        self,
+        _name: &'static str,
+        _len: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Self::SerializeTupleStruct> {
+        Err(key_must_be_a_string())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_tuple_variant(
+        self,
+        _name: &'static str,
+        _variant_index: u32,
+        _variant: &'static str,
+        _len: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Self::SerializeTupleVariant> {
+        Err(key_must_be_a_string())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_map(self, _len: Option<usize>) -> Result<Self::SerializeMap> {
+        Err(key_must_be_a_string())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_struct(self, _name: &'static str, _len: usize) -> Result<Self::SerializeStruct> {
+        Err(key_must_be_a_string())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_struct_variant(
+        self,
+        _name: &'static str,
+        _variant_index: u32,
+        _variant: &'static str,
+        _len: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Self::SerializeStructVariant> {
+        Err(key_must_be_a_string())
+    }
+
+    fn collect_str<T>(self, value: &T) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Display,
+    {
+        self.ser.collect_str(value)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "arbitrary_precision")]
+struct NumberStrEmitter<'a, W: 'a + io::Write, F: 'a + Formatter>(&'a mut Serializer<W, F>);
+
+#[cfg(feature = "arbitrary_precision")]
+impl<'a, W: io::Write, F: Formatter> ser::Serializer for NumberStrEmitter<'a, W, F> {
+    type Ok = ();
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    type SerializeSeq = Impossible<(), Error>;
+    type SerializeTuple = Impossible<(), Error>;
+    type SerializeTupleStruct = Impossible<(), Error>;
+    type SerializeTupleVariant = Impossible<(), Error>;
+    type SerializeMap = Impossible<(), Error>;
+    type SerializeStruct = Impossible<(), Error>;
+    type SerializeStructVariant = Impossible<(), Error>;
+
+    fn serialize_bool(self, _v: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_i8(self, _v: i8) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_i16(self, _v: i16) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_i32(self, _v: i32) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_i64(self, _v: i64) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_i128(self, _v: i128) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_u8(self, _v: u8) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_u16(self, _v: u16) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_u32(self, _v: u32) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_u64(self, _v: u64) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_u128(self, _v: u128) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_f32(self, _v: f32) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_f64(self, _v: f64) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_char(self, _v: char) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_str(self, value: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        let NumberStrEmitter(serializer) = self;
+        serializer
+            .formatter
+            .write_number_str(&mut serializer.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_bytes(self, _value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_none(self) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_some<T>(self, _value: &T) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+    {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_unit(self) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_unit_struct(self, _name: &'static str) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_unit_variant(
+        self,
+        _name: &'static str,
+        _variant_index: u32,
+        _variant: &'static str,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_newtype_struct<T>(self, _name: &'static str, _value: &T) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+    {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_newtype_variant<T>(
+        self,
+        _name: &'static str,
+        _variant_index: u32,
+        _variant: &'static str,
+        _value: &T,
+    ) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+    {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_seq(self, _len: Option<usize>) -> Result<Self::SerializeSeq> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_tuple(self, _len: usize) -> Result<Self::SerializeTuple> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_tuple_struct(
+        self,
+        _name: &'static str,
+        _len: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Self::SerializeTupleStruct> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_tuple_variant(
+        self,
+        _name: &'static str,
+        _variant_index: u32,
+        _variant: &'static str,
+        _len: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Self::SerializeTupleVariant> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_map(self, _len: Option<usize>) -> Result<Self::SerializeMap> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_struct(self, _name: &'static str, _len: usize) -> Result<Self::SerializeStruct> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_struct_variant(
+        self,
+        _name: &'static str,
+        _variant_index: u32,
+        _variant: &'static str,
+        _len: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Self::SerializeStructVariant> {
+        Err(invalid_number())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "raw_value")]
+struct RawValueStrEmitter<'a, W: 'a + io::Write, F: 'a + Formatter>(&'a mut Serializer<W, F>);
+
+#[cfg(feature = "raw_value")]
+impl<'a, W: io::Write, F: Formatter> ser::Serializer for RawValueStrEmitter<'a, W, F> {
+    type Ok = ();
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    type SerializeSeq = Impossible<(), Error>;
+    type SerializeTuple = Impossible<(), Error>;
+    type SerializeTupleStruct = Impossible<(), Error>;
+    type SerializeTupleVariant = Impossible<(), Error>;
+    type SerializeMap = Impossible<(), Error>;
+    type SerializeStruct = Impossible<(), Error>;
+    type SerializeStructVariant = Impossible<(), Error>;
+
+    fn serialize_bool(self, _v: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_i8(self, _v: i8) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_i16(self, _v: i16) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_i32(self, _v: i32) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_i64(self, _v: i64) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_i128(self, _v: i128) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_u8(self, _v: u8) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_u16(self, _v: u16) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_u32(self, _v: u32) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_u64(self, _v: u64) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_u128(self, _v: u128) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_f32(self, _v: f32) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_f64(self, _v: f64) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_char(self, _v: char) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_str(self, value: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        let RawValueStrEmitter(serializer) = self;
+        serializer
+            .formatter
+            .write_raw_fragment(&mut serializer.writer, value)
+            .map_err(Error::io)
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_bytes(self, _value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_none(self) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_some<T>(self, _value: &T) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+    {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_unit(self) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_unit_struct(self, _name: &'static str) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_unit_variant(
+        self,
+        _name: &'static str,
+        _variant_index: u32,
+        _variant: &'static str,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_newtype_struct<T>(self, _name: &'static str, _value: &T) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+    {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_newtype_variant<T>(
+        self,
+        _name: &'static str,
+        _variant_index: u32,
+        _variant: &'static str,
+        _value: &T,
+    ) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+    {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_seq(self, _len: Option<usize>) -> Result<Self::SerializeSeq> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_tuple(self, _len: usize) -> Result<Self::SerializeTuple> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_tuple_struct(
+        self,
+        _name: &'static str,
+        _len: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Self::SerializeTupleStruct> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_tuple_variant(
+        self,
+        _name: &'static str,
+        _variant_index: u32,
+        _variant: &'static str,
+        _len: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Self::SerializeTupleVariant> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_map(self, _len: Option<usize>) -> Result<Self::SerializeMap> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_struct(self, _name: &'static str, _len: usize) -> Result<Self::SerializeStruct> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_struct_variant(
+        self,
+        _name: &'static str,
+        _variant_index: u32,
+        _variant: &'static str,
+        _len: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Self::SerializeStructVariant> {
+        Err(ser::Error::custom("expected RawValue"))
+    }
+
+    fn collect_str<T>(self, value: &T) -> Result<Self::Ok>
+    where
+        T: ?Sized + Display,
+    {
+        self.serialize_str(&value.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Represents a character escape code in a type-safe manner.
+pub enum CharEscape {
+    /// An escaped quote `"`
+    Quote,
+    /// An escaped reverse solidus `\`
+    ReverseSolidus,
+    /// An escaped solidus `/`
+    Solidus,
+    /// An escaped backspace character (usually escaped as `\b`)
+    Backspace,
+    /// An escaped form feed character (usually escaped as `\f`)
+    FormFeed,
+    /// An escaped line feed character (usually escaped as `\n`)
+    LineFeed,
+    /// An escaped carriage return character (usually escaped as `\r`)
+    CarriageReturn,
+    /// An escaped tab character (usually escaped as `\t`)
+    Tab,
+    /// An escaped ASCII plane control character (usually escaped as
+    /// `\u00XX` where `XX` are two hex characters)
+    AsciiControl(u8),
+}
+
+impl CharEscape {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_escape_table(escape: u8, byte: u8) -> CharEscape {
+        match escape {
+            self::BB => CharEscape::Backspace,
+            self::TT => CharEscape::Tab,
+            self::NN => CharEscape::LineFeed,
+            self::FF => CharEscape::FormFeed,
+            self::RR => CharEscape::CarriageReturn,
+            self::QU => CharEscape::Quote,
+            self::BS => CharEscape::ReverseSolidus,
+            self::UU => CharEscape::AsciiControl(byte),
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// This trait abstracts away serializing the JSON control characters, which allows the user to
+/// optionally pretty print the JSON output.
+pub trait Formatter {
+    /// Writes a `null` value to the specified writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_null<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        writer.write_all(b"null")
+    }
+
+    /// Writes a `true` or `false` value to the specified writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_bool<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, value: bool) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        let s = if value {
+            b"true" as &[u8]
+        } else {
+            b"false" as &[u8]
+        };
+        writer.write_all(s)
+    }
+
+    /// Writes an integer value like `-123` to the specified writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_i8<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, value: i8) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        let mut buffer = itoa::Buffer::new();
+        let s = buffer.format(value);
+        writer.write_all(s.as_bytes())
+    }
+
+    /// Writes an integer value like `-123` to the specified writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_i16<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, value: i16) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        let mut buffer = itoa::Buffer::new();
+        let s = buffer.format(value);
+        writer.write_all(s.as_bytes())
+    }
+
+    /// Writes an integer value like `-123` to the specified writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_i32<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, value: i32) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        let mut buffer = itoa::Buffer::new();
+        let s = buffer.format(value);
+        writer.write_all(s.as_bytes())
+    }
+
+    /// Writes an integer value like `-123` to the specified writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_i64<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, value: i64) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        let mut buffer = itoa::Buffer::new();
+        let s = buffer.format(value);
+        writer.write_all(s.as_bytes())
+    }
+
+    /// Writes an integer value like `-123` to the specified writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_i128<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, value: i128) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        let mut buffer = itoa::Buffer::new();
+        let s = buffer.format(value);
+        writer.write_all(s.as_bytes())
+    }
+
+    /// Writes an integer value like `123` to the specified writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_u8<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, value: u8) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        let mut buffer = itoa::Buffer::new();
+        let s = buffer.format(value);
+        writer.write_all(s.as_bytes())
+    }
+
+    /// Writes an integer value like `123` to the specified writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_u16<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, value: u16) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        let mut buffer = itoa::Buffer::new();
+        let s = buffer.format(value);
+        writer.write_all(s.as_bytes())
+    }
+
+    /// Writes an integer value like `123` to the specified writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_u32<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, value: u32) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        let mut buffer = itoa::Buffer::new();
+        let s = buffer.format(value);
+        writer.write_all(s.as_bytes())
+    }
+
+    /// Writes an integer value like `123` to the specified writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_u64<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, value: u64) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        let mut buffer = itoa::Buffer::new();
+        let s = buffer.format(value);
+        writer.write_all(s.as_bytes())
+    }
+
+    /// Writes an integer value like `123` to the specified writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_u128<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, value: u128) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        let mut buffer = itoa::Buffer::new();
+        let s = buffer.format(value);
+        writer.write_all(s.as_bytes())
+    }
+
+    /// Writes a floating point value like `-31.26e+12` to the specified writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_f32<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, value: f32) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        let mut buffer = ryu::Buffer::new();
+        let s = buffer.format_finite(value);
+        writer.write_all(s.as_bytes())
+    }
+
+    /// Writes a floating point value like `-31.26e+12` to the specified writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_f64<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, value: f64) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        let mut buffer = ryu::Buffer::new();
+        let s = buffer.format_finite(value);
+        writer.write_all(s.as_bytes())
+    }
+
+    /// Writes a number that has already been rendered to a string.
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_number_str<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, value: &str) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        writer.write_all(value.as_bytes())
+    }
+
+    /// Called before each series of `write_string_fragment` and
+    /// `write_char_escape`.  Writes a `"` to the specified writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn begin_string<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        writer.write_all(b"\"")
+    }
+
+    /// Called after each series of `write_string_fragment` and
+    /// `write_char_escape`.  Writes a `"` to the specified writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn end_string<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        writer.write_all(b"\"")
+    }
+
+    /// Writes a string fragment that doesn't need any escaping to the
+    /// specified writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_string_fragment<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, fragment: &str) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        writer.write_all(fragment.as_bytes())
+    }
+
+    /// Writes a character escape code to the specified writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_char_escape<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, char_escape: CharEscape) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        use self::CharEscape::*;
+
+        let s = match char_escape {
+            Quote => b"\\\"",
+            ReverseSolidus => b"\\\\",
+            Solidus => b"\\/",
+            Backspace => b"\\b",
+            FormFeed => b"\\f",
+            LineFeed => b"\\n",
+            CarriageReturn => b"\\r",
+            Tab => b"\\t",
+            AsciiControl(byte) => {
+                static HEX_DIGITS: [u8; 16] = *b"0123456789abcdef";
+                let bytes = &[
+                    b'\\',
+                    b'u',
+                    b'0',
+                    b'0',
+                    HEX_DIGITS[(byte >> 4) as usize],
+                    HEX_DIGITS[(byte & 0xF) as usize],
+                ];
+                return writer.write_all(bytes);
+            }
+        };
+
+        writer.write_all(s)
+    }
+
+    /// Writes the representation of a byte array. Formatters can choose whether
+    /// to represent bytes as a JSON array of integers (the default), or some
+    /// JSON string encoding like hex or base64.
+    fn write_byte_array<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, value: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        tri!(self.begin_array(writer));
+        let mut first = true;
+        for byte in value {
+            tri!(self.begin_array_value(writer, first));
+            tri!(self.write_u8(writer, *byte));
+            tri!(self.end_array_value(writer));
+            first = false;
+        }
+        self.end_array(writer)
+    }
+
+    /// Called before every array.  Writes a `[` to the specified
+    /// writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn begin_array<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        writer.write_all(b"[")
+    }
+
+    /// Called after every array.  Writes a `]` to the specified
+    /// writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn end_array<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        writer.write_all(b"]")
+    }
+
+    /// Called before every array value.  Writes a `,` if needed to
+    /// the specified writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn begin_array_value<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, first: bool) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        if first {
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            writer.write_all(b",")
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Called after every array value.
+    #[inline]
+    fn end_array_value<W>(&mut self, _writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Called before every object.  Writes a `{` to the specified
+    /// writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn begin_object<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        writer.write_all(b"{")
+    }
+
+    /// Called after every object.  Writes a `}` to the specified
+    /// writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn end_object<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        writer.write_all(b"}")
+    }
+
+    /// Called before every object key.
+    #[inline]
+    fn begin_object_key<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, first: bool) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        if first {
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            writer.write_all(b",")
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Called after every object key.  A `:` should be written to the
+    /// specified writer by either this method or
+    /// `begin_object_value`.
+    #[inline]
+    fn end_object_key<W>(&mut self, _writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Called before every object value.  A `:` should be written to
+    /// the specified writer by either this method or
+    /// `end_object_key`.
+    #[inline]
+    fn begin_object_value<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        writer.write_all(b":")
+    }
+
+    /// Called after every object value.
+    #[inline]
+    fn end_object_value<W>(&mut self, _writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Writes a raw JSON fragment that doesn't need any escaping to the
+    /// specified writer.
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_raw_fragment<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, fragment: &str) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        writer.write_all(fragment.as_bytes())
+    }
+}
+
+/// This structure compacts a JSON value with no extra whitespace.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct CompactFormatter;
+
+impl Formatter for CompactFormatter {}
+
+/// This structure pretty prints a JSON value to make it human readable.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct PrettyFormatter<'a> {
+    current_indent: usize,
+    has_value: bool,
+    indent: &'a [u8],
+}
+
+impl<'a> PrettyFormatter<'a> {
+    /// Construct a pretty printer formatter that defaults to using two spaces for indentation.
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        PrettyFormatter::with_indent(b"  ")
+    }
+
+    /// Construct a pretty printer formatter that uses the `indent` string for indentation.
+    pub fn with_indent(indent: &'a [u8]) -> Self {
+        PrettyFormatter {
+            current_indent: 0,
+            has_value: false,
+            indent,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Default for PrettyFormatter<'a> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        PrettyFormatter::new()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Formatter for PrettyFormatter<'a> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn begin_array<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        self.current_indent += 1;
+        self.has_value = false;
+        writer.write_all(b"[")
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn end_array<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        self.current_indent -= 1;
+
+        if self.has_value {
+            tri!(writer.write_all(b"\n"));
+            tri!(indent(writer, self.current_indent, self.indent));
+        }
+
+        writer.write_all(b"]")
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn begin_array_value<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, first: bool) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        tri!(writer.write_all(if first { b"\n" } else { b",\n" }));
+        indent(writer, self.current_indent, self.indent)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn end_array_value<W>(&mut self, _writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        self.has_value = true;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn begin_object<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        self.current_indent += 1;
+        self.has_value = false;
+        writer.write_all(b"{")
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn end_object<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        self.current_indent -= 1;
+
+        if self.has_value {
+            tri!(writer.write_all(b"\n"));
+            tri!(indent(writer, self.current_indent, self.indent));
+        }
+
+        writer.write_all(b"}")
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn begin_object_key<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, first: bool) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        tri!(writer.write_all(if first { b"\n" } else { b",\n" }));
+        indent(writer, self.current_indent, self.indent)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn begin_object_value<W>(&mut self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        writer.write_all(b": ")
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn end_object_value<W>(&mut self, _writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()>
+    where
+        W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    {
+        self.has_value = true;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+fn format_escaped_str<W, F>(writer: &mut W, formatter: &mut F, value: &str) -> io::Result<()>
+where
+    W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    F: ?Sized + Formatter,
+{
+    tri!(formatter.begin_string(writer));
+    tri!(format_escaped_str_contents(writer, formatter, value));
+    formatter.end_string(writer)
+}
+
+fn format_escaped_str_contents<W, F>(
+    writer: &mut W,
+    formatter: &mut F,
+    value: &str,
+) -> io::Result<()>
+where
+    W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+    F: ?Sized + Formatter,
+{
+    let bytes = value.as_bytes();
+
+    let mut start = 0;
+
+    for (i, &byte) in bytes.iter().enumerate() {
+        let escape = ESCAPE[byte as usize];
+        if escape == 0 {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if start < i {
+            tri!(formatter.write_string_fragment(writer, &value[start..i]));
+        }
+
+        let char_escape = CharEscape::from_escape_table(escape, byte);
+        tri!(formatter.write_char_escape(writer, char_escape));
+
+        start = i + 1;
+    }
+
+    if start == bytes.len() {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    formatter.write_string_fragment(writer, &value[start..])
+}
+
+const BB: u8 = b'b'; // \x08
+const TT: u8 = b't'; // \x09
+const NN: u8 = b'n'; // \x0A
+const FF: u8 = b'f'; // \x0C
+const RR: u8 = b'r'; // \x0D
+const QU: u8 = b'"'; // \x22
+const BS: u8 = b'\\'; // \x5C
+const UU: u8 = b'u'; // \x00...\x1F except the ones above
+const __: u8 = 0;
+
+// Lookup table of escape sequences. A value of b'x' at index i means that byte
+// i is escaped as "\x" in JSON. A value of 0 means that byte i is not escaped.
+static ESCAPE: [u8; 256] = [
+    //   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   A   B   C   D   E   F
+    UU, UU, UU, UU, UU, UU, UU, UU, BB, TT, NN, UU, FF, RR, UU, UU, // 0
+    UU, UU, UU, UU, UU, UU, UU, UU, UU, UU, UU, UU, UU, UU, UU, UU, // 1
+    __, __, QU, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, // 2
+    __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, // 3
+    __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, // 4
+    __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, BS, __, __, __, // 5
+    __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, // 6
+    __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, // 7
+    __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, // 8
+    __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, // 9
+    __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, // A
+    __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, // B
+    __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, // C
+    __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, // D
+    __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, // E
+    __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, // F
+];
+
+/// Serialize the given data structure as JSON into the I/O stream.
+///
+/// Serialization guarantees it only feeds valid UTF-8 sequences to the writer.
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// Serialization can fail if `T`'s implementation of `Serialize` decides to
+/// fail, or if `T` contains a map with non-string keys.
+#[inline]
+#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "std")))]
+pub fn to_writer<W, T>(writer: W, value: &T) -> Result<()>
+where
+    W: io::Write,
+    T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+{
+    let mut ser = Serializer::new(writer);
+    value.serialize(&mut ser)
+}
+
+/// Serialize the given data structure as pretty-printed JSON into the I/O
+/// stream.
+///
+/// Serialization guarantees it only feeds valid UTF-8 sequences to the writer.
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// Serialization can fail if `T`'s implementation of `Serialize` decides to
+/// fail, or if `T` contains a map with non-string keys.
+#[inline]
+#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "std")))]
+pub fn to_writer_pretty<W, T>(writer: W, value: &T) -> Result<()>
+where
+    W: io::Write,
+    T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+{
+    let mut ser = Serializer::pretty(writer);
+    value.serialize(&mut ser)
+}
+
+/// Serialize the given data structure as a JSON byte vector.
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// Serialization can fail if `T`'s implementation of `Serialize` decides to
+/// fail, or if `T` contains a map with non-string keys.
+#[inline]
+pub fn to_vec<T>(value: &T) -> Result<Vec<u8>>
+where
+    T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+{
+    let mut writer = Vec::with_capacity(128);
+    tri!(to_writer(&mut writer, value));
+    Ok(writer)
+}
+
+/// Serialize the given data structure as a pretty-printed JSON byte vector.
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// Serialization can fail if `T`'s implementation of `Serialize` decides to
+/// fail, or if `T` contains a map with non-string keys.
+#[inline]
+pub fn to_vec_pretty<T>(value: &T) -> Result<Vec<u8>>
+where
+    T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+{
+    let mut writer = Vec::with_capacity(128);
+    tri!(to_writer_pretty(&mut writer, value));
+    Ok(writer)
+}
+
+/// Serialize the given data structure as a String of JSON.
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// Serialization can fail if `T`'s implementation of `Serialize` decides to
+/// fail, or if `T` contains a map with non-string keys.
+#[inline]
+pub fn to_string<T>(value: &T) -> Result<String>
+where
+    T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+{
+    let vec = tri!(to_vec(value));
+    let string = unsafe {
+        // We do not emit invalid UTF-8.
+        String::from_utf8_unchecked(vec)
+    };
+    Ok(string)
+}
+
+/// Serialize the given data structure as a pretty-printed String of JSON.
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// Serialization can fail if `T`'s implementation of `Serialize` decides to
+/// fail, or if `T` contains a map with non-string keys.
+#[inline]
+pub fn to_string_pretty<T>(value: &T) -> Result<String>
+where
+    T: ?Sized + Serialize,
+{
+    let vec = tri!(to_vec_pretty(value));
+    let string = unsafe {
+        // We do not emit invalid UTF-8.
+        String::from_utf8_unchecked(vec)
+    };
+    Ok(string)
+}
+
+fn indent<W>(wr: &mut W, n: usize, s: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()>
+where
+    W: ?Sized + io::Write,
+{
+    for _ in 0..n {
+        tri!(wr.write_all(s));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}