rb-gsl 1.16.0.5 → 1.16.0.6

data/ext/gsl_native/vector_double.c

@@ -1,1433 +0,0 @@
-/*
-  vector.c
-  Ruby/GSL: Ruby extension library for GSL (GNU Scientific Library)
-    (C) Copyright 2001-2006 by Yoshiki Tsunesada
-        Modified by Seiya Nishizawa        14/Apr/2004
-
-  Ruby/GSL is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-  under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
-  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
-  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
-*/
-
-#include "include/rb_gsl_array.h"
-#include "include/rb_gsl_histogram.h"
-#include "include/rb_gsl_complex.h"
-#include "include/rb_gsl_poly.h"
-#include "include/rb_gsl_with_narray.h"
-
-VALUE rb_gsl_vector_inner_product(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_product_to_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
-VALUE rb_gsl_vector_int_to_f(VALUE obj);
-VALUE rb_ary_to_gv(VALUE klass, VALUE ary);
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_Xspace(double min, double max, int i,
-                                  gsl_vector* (*f)(const double, const double, const size_t))
-{
-  gsl_vector *v = NULL;
-  size_t n;
-  if (i <= 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "npoints must be greater than 0");
-  n = (size_t) i;
-  if (n == 1 && min != max) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "npoints is 1, but x1 != x2");
-  v = (*f)(min, max, n);
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v);
-}
-
-static gsl_vector* gsl_vector_linspace(const double min,
-                                       const double max, const size_t n)
-{
-  gsl_vector *v = NULL;
-  double dx;
-  size_t i;
-  v = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
-  if (n > 1) {
-    dx = (max - min)/(n-1);
-    gsl_vector_set(v, 0, min);
-    for (i = 1; i < n-1; i++) gsl_vector_set(v, i, i*dx + min);
-    gsl_vector_set(v, n-1, max);
-  } else {
-    gsl_vector_set(v, 0, min);
-  }
-  return v;
-}
-
-static gsl_vector* gsl_vector_logspace(const double min,
-                                       const double max, const size_t n)
-{
-  gsl_vector *v = NULL;
-  double dx;
-  size_t i;
-  v = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
-  if (n > 1) {
-    dx = (max - min)/(n-1);
-    gsl_vector_set(v, 0, pow(10.0, min));
-    for (i = 1; i < n-1; i++) gsl_vector_set(v, i, pow(10.0, dx*i + min));
-    gsl_vector_set(v, n-1, pow(10.0, max));
-  } else {
-    gsl_vector_set(v, 0, pow(10.0, min));
-  }
-  return v;
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_linspace(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
-{
-  size_t n = 10;
-  switch (argc) {
-  case 3:
-    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[2]);
-    n = (size_t) FIX2UINT(argv[2]);
-    break;
-  case 2:
-    /* do nothing */
-    break;
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2 or 3)", argc);
-    break;
-  }
-  Need_Float(argv[0]);   Need_Float(argv[1]);
-  return rb_gsl_vector_Xspace(NUM2DBL(argv[0]), NUM2DBL(argv[1]), n,
-                              gsl_vector_linspace);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_logspace(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
-{
-  size_t n = 10;
-  switch (argc) {
-  case 3:
-    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[2]);
-    n = (size_t) FIX2INT(argv[2]);
-    break;
-  case 2:
-    /* do nothing */
-    break;
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2 or 3)", argc);
-    break;
-  }
-  Need_Float(argv[0]);   Need_Float(argv[1]);
-  return rb_gsl_vector_Xspace(NUM2DBL(argv[0]), NUM2DBL(argv[1]), n,
-                              gsl_vector_logspace);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_logspace2(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
-{
-  size_t n = 10;
-  switch (argc) {
-  case 3:
-    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[2]);
-    n = (size_t) FIX2INT(argv[2]);
-    break;
-  case 2:
-    /* do nothing */
-    break;
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2 or 3)", argc);
-    break;
-  }
-  Need_Float(argv[0]);   Need_Float(argv[1]);
-  return rb_gsl_vector_Xspace(log10(NUM2DBL(argv[0])),
-                              log10(NUM2DBL(argv[1])), n,
-                              gsl_vector_logspace);
-}
-
-/********************************************************/
-VALUE rb_gsl_vector_do_something(VALUE obj, void (*func)(gsl_vector*));
-
-/* singleton */
-
-enum {
-  GSL_VECTOR_ADD,
-  GSL_VECTOR_SUB,
-  GSL_VECTOR_MUL,
-  GSL_VECTOR_DIV,
-};
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_arithmetics(int flag, VALUE obj, VALUE bb)
-{
-  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL, *b = NULL;
-  gsl_vector_complex *cvnew = NULL, *cb = NULL;
-  gsl_complex *c = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector, v);
-  switch (TYPE(bb)) {
-  case T_FLOAT:
-  case T_FIXNUM:
-    switch (flag) {
-    case GSL_VECTOR_ADD:
-      vnew = make_vector_clone(v);
-      gsl_vector_add_constant(vnew, NUM2DBL(bb));
-      break;
-    case GSL_VECTOR_SUB:
-      vnew = make_vector_clone(v);
-      gsl_vector_add_constant(vnew, -NUM2DBL(bb));
-      break;
-    case GSL_VECTOR_MUL:
-      vnew = make_vector_clone(v);
-      gsl_vector_scale(vnew, NUM2DBL(bb));
-      break;
-    case GSL_VECTOR_DIV:
-      vnew = make_vector_clone(v);
-      gsl_vector_scale(vnew, 1.0/NUM2DBL(bb));
-      break;
-    }
-    if (!VECTOR_VIEW_P(obj))
-      return Data_Wrap_Struct(CLASS_OF(obj), 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
-    else
-      return Data_Wrap_Struct(VECTOR_ROW_COL(obj), 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
-    break;
-  default:
-    if (VECTOR_INT_P(bb)) bb = rb_gsl_vector_int_to_f(bb);
-    if (VECTOR_P(bb)) {
-      Data_Get_Struct(bb, gsl_vector, b);
-      switch (flag) {
-      case GSL_VECTOR_ADD:
-        vnew = make_vector_clone(v);
-        gsl_vector_add(vnew, b);
-        break;
-      case GSL_VECTOR_SUB:
-        vnew = make_vector_clone(v);
-        gsl_vector_sub(vnew, b);
-        break;
-      case GSL_VECTOR_MUL:
-        vnew = make_vector_clone(v);
-        gsl_vector_mul(vnew, b);
-        break;
-      case GSL_VECTOR_DIV:
-        vnew = make_vector_clone(v);
-        gsl_vector_div(vnew, b);
-        break;
-      }
-      if (!VECTOR_VIEW_P(obj))
-        return Data_Wrap_Struct(CLASS_OF(obj), 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
-      else
-        return Data_Wrap_Struct(VECTOR_ROW_COL(obj), 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
-    } else if (VECTOR_COMPLEX_P(bb)) {
-      Data_Get_Struct(bb, gsl_vector_complex, cb);
-      cvnew = vector_to_complex(v);
-      switch (flag) {
-      case GSL_VECTOR_ADD:
-        gsl_vector_complex_add(cvnew, cb);
-        break;
-      case GSL_VECTOR_SUB:
-        gsl_vector_complex_sub(cvnew, cb);
-        break;
-      case GSL_VECTOR_MUL:
-        gsl_vector_complex_mul(cvnew, cb);
-        break;
-      case GSL_VECTOR_DIV:
-        gsl_vector_complex_div(cvnew, cb);
-        break;
-      }
-      if (VECTOR_COL_P(obj))
-        return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex_col, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, cvnew);
-      else
-        return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, cvnew);
-    } else if (COMPLEX_P(bb)) {
-      Data_Get_Struct(bb, gsl_complex, c);
-      cvnew = vector_to_complex(v);
-      switch (flag) {
-      case GSL_VECTOR_ADD:
-        gsl_vector_complex_add_constant(cvnew, *c);
-        break;
-      case GSL_VECTOR_SUB:
-        gsl_vector_complex_add_constant(cvnew, gsl_complex_negative(*c));
-        break;
-      case GSL_VECTOR_MUL:
-        gsl_vector_complex_scale(cvnew, *c);
-        break;
-      case GSL_VECTOR_DIV:
-        gsl_vector_complex_scale(cvnew, gsl_complex_inverse(*c));
-        break;
-      }
-      if (VECTOR_COL_P(obj))
-        return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex_col, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, cvnew);
-      else
-        return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, cvnew);
-    } else {
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong type argument %s", rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(bb)));
-    }
-    break;
-  }
-  /* never reach here */
-  return Qnil;
-}
-
-VALUE rb_gsl_vector_add(VALUE obj, VALUE b)
-{
-  return rb_gsl_vector_arithmetics(GSL_VECTOR_ADD, obj, b);
-}
-
-VALUE rb_gsl_vector_sub(VALUE obj, VALUE b)
-{
-  return rb_gsl_vector_arithmetics(GSL_VECTOR_SUB, obj, b);
-}
-
-gsl_vector* mygsl_vector_mul_matrix(gsl_vector *v, gsl_matrix *m);
-VALUE rb_gsl_vector_mul(VALUE obj, VALUE b)
-{
-  VALUE argv[2];
-  gsl_vector *v, *vnew;
-  gsl_matrix *m;
-  if (VECTOR_ROW_P(obj) && VECTOR_COL_P(b)) {
-    argv[0] = obj;
-    argv[1] = b;
-    return rb_gsl_vector_inner_product(2, argv, CLASS_OF(obj));
-  }
-  if (VECTOR_ROW_P(obj) && MATRIX_P(b)) {
-    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector, v);
-    Data_Get_Struct(b, gsl_matrix, m);
-    vnew = mygsl_vector_mul_matrix(v, m);
-    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
-  }
-  if (VECTOR_COL_P(obj) && VECTOR_ROW_P(b)) {
-    argv[0] = obj;
-    argv[1] = b;
-    return rb_gsl_vector_product_to_m(2, argv, CLASS_OF(obj));
-  }
-  return rb_gsl_vector_arithmetics(GSL_VECTOR_MUL, obj, b);
-}
-
-VALUE rb_gsl_vector_div(VALUE obj, VALUE b)
-{
-  return rb_gsl_vector_arithmetics(GSL_VECTOR_DIV, obj, b);
-}
-
-VALUE rb_ary_to_gv0(VALUE ary)
-{
-  gsl_vector *v = NULL;
-  size_t i, size;
-  size = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-  v = gsl_vector_alloc(size);
-  if (v == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_vector_alloc failed");
-  for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-    gsl_vector_set(v, i, NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(ary, i)));
-  }
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v);
-}
-
-VALUE rb_ary_to_gv(VALUE klass, VALUE ary)
-{
-  gsl_vector *v = NULL;
-  size_t i, size;
-  size = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-  v = gsl_vector_alloc(size);
-  if (v == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_vector_alloc failed");
-  for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-    gsl_vector_set(v, i, NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(ary, i)));
-  }
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, gsl_vector_free, v);
-}
-
-VALUE rb_gsl_range_to_gv(VALUE obj)
-{
-  int beg, en;
-  size_t n, i;
-  gsl_vector *v = NULL;
-  beg = NUM2INT(rb_funcall3(obj, rb_gsl_id_beg, 0, NULL));
-  en = NUM2INT(rb_funcall3(obj, rb_gsl_id_end, 0, NULL));
-  if (RTEST(rb_funcall3(obj, rb_gsl_id_excl, 0, NULL))) n = en - beg;
-  else n = en - beg + 1;
-  v = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
-  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) gsl_vector_set(v, i, beg + (int)i);
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, v);
-}
-gsl_vector_view* gsl_vector_view_alloc()
-{
-  gsl_vector_view *vv = NULL;
-  vv = ALLOC(gsl_vector_view);
-  if (vv == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "malloc failed");
-  vv->vector.owner = 0;
-  return vv;
-}
-
-void gsl_vector_view_free(gsl_vector_view * vv)
-{
-  free((gsl_vector_view *) vv);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_to_complex(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_vector *v = NULL;
-  gsl_vector_complex *cv = NULL;
-  gsl_complex z;
-  size_t i;
-  double x;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector, v);
-  cv = gsl_vector_complex_alloc(v->size);
-  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
-    x = gsl_vector_get(v, i);
-    z.dat[0] = x;
-    z.dat[1] = 0;
-    gsl_vector_complex_set(cv, i, z);
-  }
-  if (VECTOR_COL_P(obj))
-    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex_col, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, cv);
-  else
-    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, cv);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_to_complex2(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_vector *v = NULL;
-  gsl_vector_complex *cv = NULL;
-  gsl_complex z;
-  size_t i;
-  double re, im;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector, v);
-  cv = gsl_vector_complex_alloc(ceil((double)v->size/2));
-  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i += 2) {
-    re = gsl_vector_get(v, i);
-    if (i+1 == v->size) im = 0.0;
-    else im = gsl_vector_get(v, i+1);
-    z.dat[0] = re;
-    z.dat[1] = im;
-    gsl_vector_complex_set(cv, i/2, z);
-  }
-  if (VECTOR_COL_P(obj))
-    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex_col, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, cv);
-  else
-    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, cv);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_coerce(VALUE obj, VALUE other)
-{
-  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
-  gsl_vector_complex *cv = NULL;
-  gsl_complex *c = NULL;
-  VALUE vv;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector, v);
-  switch (TYPE(other)) {
-  case T_FLOAT:
-  case T_FIXNUM:
-    vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(v->size);
-    if (vnew == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_vector_alloc failed");
-    gsl_vector_set_all(vnew, NUM2DBL(other));
-    vv = Data_Wrap_Struct(VECTOR_ROW_COL(obj), 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
-    return rb_ary_new3(2, vv, obj);
-    break;
-  default:
-    if (COMPLEX_P(other)) {
-      Data_Get_Struct(other, gsl_complex, c);
-      cv = gsl_vector_complex_alloc(v->size);
-      if (cv == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_vector_alloc failed");
-      gsl_vector_complex_set_all(cv, *c);
-      if (VECTOR_ROW_P(obj))
-        vv = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, cv);
-      else
-        vv = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex_col, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, cv);
-      return rb_ary_new3(2, vv, obj);
-    } else if (VECTOR_COMPLEX_P(other)) {
-      cv = vector_to_complex(v);
-      if (VECTOR_ROW_P(obj))
-        vv = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, cv);
-      else
-        vv = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex_col, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, cv);
-      return rb_ary_new3(2, other, vv);
-    } else {
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "cannot coerced");
-    }
-    break;
-  }
-  return Qnil; /* never reach here */
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_product_to_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *v2 = NULL;
-  gsl_matrix *m = NULL;
-  size_t i, j;
-  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
-  case T_MODULE:
-  case T_CLASS:
-  case T_OBJECT:
-    if (argc != 2) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2)",
-                            argc);
-    if (!VECTOR_COL_P(argv[0]))
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (GSL::Vector::Col expected)",
-               rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[0])));
-    if (!VECTOR_ROW_P(argv[1]))
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (GSL::Vector expected)",
-               rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[1])));
-    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_vector, v);
-    Data_Get_Struct(argv[1], gsl_vector, v2);
-    break;
-  default:
-    if (argc != 1) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1)",
-                            argc);
-    if (!VECTOR_COL_P(obj))
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (GSL::Vector::Col expected)",
-               rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(obj)));
-    if (!VECTOR_ROW_P(argv[0]))
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (GSL::Vector expected)",
-               rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[0])));
-    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector, v);
-    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_vector, v2);
-    break;
-  }
-  m = gsl_matrix_alloc(v->size, v2->size);
-  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
-    for (j = 0; j < v2->size; j++) {
-      gsl_matrix_set(m, i, j, gsl_vector_get(v, i)*gsl_vector_get(v2, j));
-    }
-  }
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, m);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_to_f(VALUE obj)
-{
-  return obj;
-}
-
-VALUE rb_gsl_vector_to_i(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_vector *v = NULL;
-  gsl_vector_int *vi = NULL;
-  size_t i;
-  int val;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector, v);
-  vi = gsl_vector_int_alloc(v->size);
-  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
-    val = (int) gsl_vector_get(v, i);
-    gsl_vector_int_set(vi, i, val);
-  }
-  if (VECTOR_COL_P(obj))
-    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_int_col, 0, gsl_vector_int_free, vi);
-  else
-    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_int, 0, gsl_vector_int_free, vi);
-}
-
-/* singleton */
-#ifdef HAVE_GNU_GRAPH
-static void draw_hist(VALUE obj, FILE *fp);
-static void draw_vector(VALUE obj, FILE *fp);
-static void draw_vector2(VALUE xx, VALUE yy, FILE *fp);
-static void draw_vector_array(VALUE ary, FILE *fp);
-
-#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
-static void draw_narray(VALUE obj, FILE *fp)
-{
-  struct NARRAY *na;
-  double *ptr;
-  size_t j;
-  GetNArray(obj, na);
-  ptr = (double *) na->ptr;
-  for (j = 0; j < na->total; j++)
-    fprintf(fp, "%d %g\n", (int) j, ptr[j]);
-  fflush(fp);
-}
-#endif // HAVE_NARRAY_H
-
-#endif // HAVE_GNU_GRAPH
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_graph2(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
-{
-#ifdef HAVE_GNU_GRAPH
-  size_t i, iend, j, n = 0;
-  gsl_vector *x = NULL, *y = NULL;
-  gsl_histogram *h = NULL;
-  VALUE vx = (VALUE) NULL;
-  char command[1024];
-  int flag = 0;
-  FILE *fp = NULL;
-  if (argc < 1)
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "two few arguments");
-  if (TYPE(argv[argc-1]) == T_STRING) {
-    sprintf(command, "graph -T X %s", STR2CSTR(argv[argc-1]));
-    iend = argc-1;
-  } else {
-    strcpy(command, "graph -T X -C -g 3");
-    iend = argc;
-  }
-  if (iend == 1) {
-    fp = popen(command, "w");
-    if (fp == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "GNU graph not found.");
-    if (VECTOR_P(argv[0])) {
-      draw_vector(argv[0], fp);
-    } else if (HISTOGRAM_P(argv[0])) {
-      draw_hist(argv[0], fp);
-    } else if (TYPE(argv[0]) == T_ARRAY) {
-      draw_vector_array(argv[0], fp);
-#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
-    } else if (NA_IsNArray(argv[0])) {
-      draw_narray(argv[0], fp);
-#endif
-    } else {
-      if (fp) pclose(fp);
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s",
-               rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[0])));
-    }
-    if (fp) pclose(fp);
-    return Qtrue;
-  } else {
-    fp = popen(command, "w");
-    if (fp == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "GNU graph not found.");
-    if (VECTOR_P(argv[0])) {
-      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_vector, x);
-      vx = argv[0];
-      n = x->size;
-      flag = 0;
-    } else if (HISTOGRAM_P(argv[0])) {
-      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_histogram, h);
-      x = gsl_vector_alloc(h->n);
-      n = x->size;
-      for (j = 0; j < x->size; j++)
-        gsl_vector_set(x, j, h->range[j]);
-      flag = 1;
-      draw_hist(argv[0], fp);
-      fprintf(fp, "\n");
-    } else if (TYPE(argv[0]) == T_ARRAY) {
-      draw_vector_array(argv[0], fp);
-      fprintf(fp, "\n");
-#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
-    } else if (NA_IsNArray(argv[0])) {
-      vx = argv[0];
-      n = NA_TOTAL(argv[0]);
-      flag = 0;
-#endif
-    } else if (NIL_P(argv[0])) {
-      if (argc < 2) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too few arguments");
-      if (VECTOR_P(argv[1])) {
-        Data_Get_Struct(argv[1], gsl_vector, y);
-        n = y->size;
-      } else if (HISTOGRAM_P(argv[1])) {
-        Data_Get_Struct(argv[1], gsl_histogram, h);
-        n = h->n;
-#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
-      } else if (NA_IsNArray(argv[1])) {
-        n = NA_TOTAL(argv[1]);
-#endif
-      } else {
-        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s",
-                 rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[0])));
-      }
-      x = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
-      for (j = 0; j < n; j++) gsl_vector_set(x, j, (double) j);
-      flag = 1;
-    } else {
-      if (fp) pclose(fp);
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s",
-               rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[0])));
-    }
-    if (flag == 1) vx = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, x);
-    for (i = 1; i < iend; i++) {
-      if (VECTOR_P(argv[i])) draw_vector2(vx, argv[i], fp);
-      else if (HISTOGRAM_P(argv[i])) draw_hist(argv[i], fp);
-      else if (TYPE(argv[i]) == T_ARRAY) draw_vector_array(argv[i], fp);
-#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
-      else if (NA_IsNArray(argv[i])) draw_vector2(vx, argv[i], fp);
-#endif
-      else
-        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s",
-                 rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[i])));
-      fprintf(fp, "\n");
-      fflush(fp);
-    }
-    fclose(fp);
-    return Qtrue;
-  }
-  return Qtrue;
-#else
-  rb_raise(rb_eNoMethodError, "GNU plotutils required");
-  return Qfalse;
-#endif
-}
-
-#ifdef HAVE_GNU_GRAPH
-static void draw_vector(VALUE obj, FILE *fp)
-{
-  gsl_vector *x = NULL;
-  size_t j;
-  Data_Get_Vector(obj, x);
-  for (j = 0; j < x->size; j++)
-    fprintf(fp, "%d %g\n", (int) j, gsl_vector_get(x, j));
-  fflush(fp);
-}
-
-static void draw_vector2(VALUE xx, VALUE yy, FILE *fp)
-{
-  double *ptr1 = NULL, *ptr2 = NULL;
-  gsl_vector *vx, *vy;
-  size_t j, n, stridex = 1, stridey = 1;
-  if (VECTOR_P(xx)) {
-    Data_Get_Struct(xx, gsl_vector, vx);
-    ptr1 = vx->data;
-    n = vx->size;
-    stridex = vx->stride;
-#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
-  } else if (NA_IsNArray(xx)) {
-    struct NARRAY *nax;
-    GetNArray(xx, nax);
-    ptr1 = (double *) nax->ptr;
-    n = nax->total;
-    stridex = 1;
-#endif // HAVE_NARRAY_H
-  } else {
-    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (Vector expected)",
-             rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(xx)));
-  }
-  if (VECTOR_P(yy)) {
-    Data_Get_Struct(yy, gsl_vector, vy);
-    ptr2 = vy->data;
-    n = vy->size;
-    stridey = vy->stride;
-#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
-  } else if (NA_IsNArray(yy)) {
-    struct NARRAY *nay;
-    GetNArray(yy, nay);
-    ptr2 = (double *) nay->ptr;
-    stridey = 1;
-#endif // HAVE_NARRAY_H
-  } else {
-    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (Vector expected)",
-             rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(yy)));
-  }
-  for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
-    fprintf(fp, "%g %g\n", ptr1[j*stridex], ptr2[j*stridey]);
-  fflush(fp);
-}
-
-static void draw_hist(VALUE obj, FILE *fp)
-{
-  gsl_histogram *h = NULL;
-  size_t j;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_histogram, h);
-  for (j = 0; j < h->n; j++) {
-    fprintf(fp, "%g %g\n%g %g\n",
-            h->range[j], h->bin[j], h->range[j+1], h->bin[j]);
-  }
-  fflush(fp);
-}
-
-static void draw_vector_array(VALUE ary, FILE *fp)
-{
-  double *ptrx = NULL, *ptry = NULL, *ptrz = NULL;
-  VALUE vx;
-  size_t j, n, stridex, stridey, stridez;
-  int flag = 0;
-  switch (RARRAY_LEN(ary)) {
-  case 1:
-    flag = 1;
-    ptry = get_vector_ptr(rb_ary_entry(ary, 0), &stridey, &n);
-    break;
-  case 2:
-    ptry = get_vector_ptr(rb_ary_entry(ary, 1), &stridey, &n);
-    vx = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
-    if (NIL_P(vx)) {flag = 1; }
-    else {
-      ptrx = get_vector_ptr(vx, &stridex, &n);
-    }
-    break;
-  case 3:
-    ptrz = get_vector_ptr(rb_ary_entry(ary, 2), &stridez, &n);
-    ptry = get_vector_ptr(rb_ary_entry(ary, 1), &stridey, &n);
-    vx = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
-    if (NIL_P(vx)) {flag = 2; }
-    else {
-      ptrx = get_vector_ptr(vx, &stridex, &n);
-      flag = 3;
-    }
-    break;
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "wrong array length (%d for 1 or 2)",
-             (int) RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-    break;
-  }
-  switch (flag) {
-  case 0:
-    for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
-      fprintf(fp, "%g %g\n", ptrx[j*stridex], ptry[j*stridey]);
-    break;
-  case 1:
-    for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
-      fprintf(fp, "%d %g\n", (int) j, ptry[j*stridey]);
-    break;
-  case 2:
-    for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
-      fprintf(fp, "%d %g %g\n", (int) j, ptry[j*stridey], ptrz[j*stridez]);
-    break;
-  case 3:
-    for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
-      fprintf(fp, "%g %g %g\n", ptrx[j*stridex], ptry[j*stridey], ptrz[j*stridez]);
-    break;
-  default:
-    break;
-  }
-  fflush(fp);
-}
-#endif // HAVE_GNU_GRAPH
-
-/* singleton */
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_plot2(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_vector *x = NULL, *y = NULL, *xerr = NULL, *yerr = NULL;
-  FILE *fp = NULL;
-  size_t i, n;
-  char command[1024];
-  fp = popen("gnuplot -persist", "w");
-  if (fp == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "GNU graph not found.");
-  strcpy(command, "plot '-'");
-  switch (argc) {
-  case 5:
-    if (TYPE(argv[4]) == T_STRING)
-      sprintf(command, "%s %s", command, STR2CSTR(argv[4]));
-  /* no break */
-  case 4:
-    if (TYPE(argv[3]) == T_STRING) {
-      sprintf(command, "%s %s", command, STR2CSTR(argv[3]));
-    } else if (VECTOR_P(argv[3])) {
-      Data_Get_Struct(argv[3], gsl_vector, yerr);
-    } else {
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "argv[3] wrong type %s (String or Vector expected)",
-               rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[3])));
-    }
-  /* no break */
-  case 3:
-    if (TYPE(argv[2]) == T_STRING) {
-      sprintf(command, "%s %s", command, STR2CSTR(argv[2]));
-    } else if (VECTOR_P(argv[2])) {
-      Data_Get_Struct(argv[2], gsl_vector, xerr);
-    } else {
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "argv[2] wrong type %s (String or Vector expected)",
-               rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[2])));
-    }
-  /* no break */
-  case 2:
-    if (TYPE(argv[1]) == T_STRING) {
-      sprintf(command, "%s %s", command, STR2CSTR(argv[1]));
-    } else if (VECTOR_P(argv[1])) {
-      Data_Get_Struct(argv[1], gsl_vector, y);
-    } else {
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "argv[1] wrong type %s (String or Vector expected)",
-               rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[1])));
-    }
-  /* no break */
-  case 1:
-    if (TYPE(argv[0]) == T_STRING) {
-      sprintf(command, "%s %s", command, STR2CSTR(argv[0]));
-    } else if (VECTOR_P(argv[0])) {
-      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_vector, x);
-    } else {
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "argv[0] wrong type %s (String or Vector expected)",
-               rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[0])));
-    }
-    break;
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of argumens (%d for 1 - 5)", argc);
-    break;
-  }
-  if (x == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "x data is not given");
-  n = x->size;
-  fprintf(fp, "%s\n", command);
-  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-    if (y == NULL)
-      fprintf(fp, "%d %g\n", (int) i, gsl_vector_get(x, i));
-    else if (yerr == NULL)
-      fprintf(fp, "%g %g\n", gsl_vector_get(x, i), gsl_vector_get(y, i));
-    else if (xerr)
-      fprintf(fp, "%g %g %g %g\n", gsl_vector_get(x, i), gsl_vector_get(y, i),
-              gsl_vector_get(xerr, i), gsl_vector_get(yerr, i));
-    else
-      fprintf(fp, "%g %g %g\n", gsl_vector_get(x, i), gsl_vector_get(y, i),
-              gsl_vector_get(yerr, i));
-  }
-  fprintf(fp, "e\n");
-  fflush(fp);
-  pclose(fp);
-  fp = NULL;
-  return Qtrue;
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_normalize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
-  //  double mean;
-  double nrm;
-  switch (argc) {
-  case 0:
-    nrm = 1.0;
-    break;
-  case 1:
-    Need_Float(argv[0]);
-    nrm = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
-    break;
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1 or 2)", argc);
-    break;
-  }
-  Data_Get_Vector(obj, v);
-  vnew = make_vector_clone(v);
-  /*  mean = gsl_stats_mean(v->data, v->stride, v->size);
-  gsl_vector_add_constant(vnew, -mean);
-  sd = gsl_stats_sd(vnew->data, vnew->stride, vnew->size);
-  gsl_vector_scale(vnew, sqrt(nrm)/sd);*/
-  gsl_vector_scale(vnew, nrm/gsl_blas_dnrm2(v));
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(VECTOR_ROW_COL(obj), 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_normalize_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_vector *v = NULL;
-  //  double mean;
-  double nrm;
-  double factor;
-  switch (argc) {
-  case 0:
-    nrm = 1.0;
-    break;
-  case 1:
-    Need_Float(argv[0]);
-    nrm = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
-    break;
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1 or 2)", argc);
-    break;
-  }
-  Data_Get_Vector(obj, v);
-  /*  mean = gsl_stats_mean(v->data, v->stride, v->size);
-  gsl_vector_add_constant(v, -mean);
-  sd = gsl_stats_sd(v->data, v->stride, v->size);
-  gsl_vector_scale(v, sqrt(nrm)/sd);*/
-  factor = nrm/gsl_blas_dnrm2(v);
-  gsl_vector_scale(v, factor);
-  return obj;
-}
-
-#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_filescan_na(VALUE klass, VALUE file)
-{
-  FILE *fp = NULL;
-  int nn;
-  char buf[1024], filename[1024], *p;
-  size_t n, lines, i, j;
-  double **ptr;
-  double val;
-  int shape[1];
-  VALUE ary, na;
-  Check_Type(file, T_STRING);
-  strcpy(filename, STR2CSTR(file));
-  sprintf(buf, "wc %s", filename);
-  fp = popen(buf, "r");
-  if (fgets(buf, 1024, fp) == NULL)
-    rb_sys_fail(0);
-  pclose(fp);
-  sscanf(buf, "%d", &nn);
-  lines = (size_t) nn;      /* vector length */
-  shape[0] = lines;
-  fp = fopen(filename, "r");
-  if (fgets(buf, 1024, fp) == NULL)
-    rb_sys_fail(0);
-  n = count_columns(buf);   /* number of vectors created */
-  ptr = (double**) xmalloc(sizeof(double**)*n);
-  ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
-  p = buf;
-  for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
-    na = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, 1, shape, cNArray);
-    rb_ary_store(ary, j, na);
-    ptr[j] = NA_PTR_TYPE(na, double*);
-    p = str_scan_double(p, &val);
-    if (p) ptr[j][0] = val;
-    else break;
-  }
-  for (i = 1; i < lines; i++) {
-    if (fgets(buf, 1024, fp) == NULL)
-      rb_sys_fail(0);
-    p = buf;
-    for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
-      p = str_scan_double(p, &val);
-      if (p) ptr[j][i] = val;
-      else break;
-    }
-  }
-  fclose(fp);
-  free(ptr);
-  return ary;
-}
-#endif
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_decimate(VALUE obj, VALUE nn)
-{
-  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
-  gsl_vector_view vv;
-  size_t i, n, n2, n3;
-  CHECK_FIXNUM(nn);
-  Data_Get_Vector(obj, v);
-  n = (size_t) FIX2INT(nn);
-  if (n > v->size)
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
-             "decimation factor must be smaller than the vector length.");
-  if (n == 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "decimation factor must be greater than 1");
-  n2 = (size_t) ceil((double)v->size/n);
-  vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(n2);
-  n3 = n - (n2*n - v->size);
-  for (i = 0; i < n2; i++) {
-    if (i == n2-1) vv = gsl_vector_subvector(v, i*n, n3);
-    else vv = gsl_vector_subvector(v, i*n, n);
-    gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, gsl_stats_mean(vv.vector.data, vv.vector.stride,
-                                           vv.vector.size));
-  }
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(VECTOR_ROW_COL(obj), 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_xxx(VALUE obj, double (*f)(double))
-{
-  gsl_vector *v;
-  gsl_vector_int *vnew;
-  size_t i;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector, v);
-  vnew = gsl_vector_int_alloc(v->size);
-  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
-    gsl_vector_int_set(vnew, i, (int) (*f)(gsl_vector_get(v, i)));
-  }
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_int, 0, gsl_vector_int_free, vnew);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_floor(VALUE obj)
-{
-  return rb_gsl_vector_xxx(obj, floor);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_ceil(VALUE obj)
-{
-  return rb_gsl_vector_xxx(obj, ceil);
-}
-
-#ifdef HAVE_ROUND
-double round(double x);
-#define rb_gsl_round_native round
-#else
-static double rb_gsl_round_native(double x)
-{
-  if(!gsl_finite(x)) {
-    return x; // nan, +inf, -inf
-  } else if(x > 0.0) {
-    return floor(x+0.5);
-  } else if(x < 0.0) {
-    return ceil(x-0.5);
-  }
-  return x; // +0 or -0
-}
-#endif
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_round(VALUE obj)
-{
-  return rb_gsl_vector_xxx(obj, rb_gsl_round_native);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_dB(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_vector *v, *vnew;
-  double x;
-  size_t i;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector, v);
-  vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(v->size);
-  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
-    x = gsl_vector_get(v, i);
-    if (x <= 0.0) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "negative value found.\n");
-    gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, 20*log(x));
-  }
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_sin(VALUE obj)
-{
-  return rb_gsl_sf_eval1(sin, obj);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_cos(VALUE obj)
-{
-  return rb_gsl_sf_eval1(cos, obj);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_tan(VALUE obj)
-{
-  return rb_gsl_sf_eval1(tan, obj);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_exp(VALUE obj)
-{
-  return rb_gsl_sf_eval1(exp, obj);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_log(VALUE obj)
-{
-  return rb_gsl_sf_eval1(log, obj);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_log10(VALUE obj)
-{
-  return rb_gsl_sf_eval1(log10, obj);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_rotate_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
-{
-  double rad;
-  double x, y, c, s;
-  gsl_vector *vx, *vy;
-  VALUE v0, v1, retval;
-  size_t i, n;
-  switch (argc) {
-  case 2:
-    if (TYPE(argv[0]) == T_ARRAY) {
-      v0 = rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 0);
-      v1 = rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 1);
-      if (VECTOR_P(v0) && VECTOR_P(v1)) {
-        Data_Get_Struct(v0, gsl_vector, vx);
-        Data_Get_Struct(v1, gsl_vector, vy);
-        n = (size_t) GSL_MIN(vx->size, vy->size);
-        rad = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
-        retval = argv[0];
-      } else {
-        x = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 0));
-        y = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 1));
-        rad = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
-        c = cos(rad); s = sin(rad);
-        return rb_ary_new3(2, rb_float_new(c*x - s*y), rb_float_new(s*x + c*y));
-      }
-    } else {
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (Array expected)",
-               rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[0])));
-    }
-    break;
-  case 3:
-    if (VECTOR_P(argv[0]) && VECTOR_P(argv[1])) {
-      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_vector, vx);
-      Data_Get_Struct(argv[1], gsl_vector, vy);
-      n = (size_t) GSL_MIN(vx->size, vy->size);
-      rad = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
-      retval = rb_ary_new3(2, argv[0], argv[1]);
-    } else {
-      x = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
-      y = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
-      rad = NUM2DBL(argv[2]);
-      c = cos(rad); s = sin(rad);
-      return rb_ary_new3(2, rb_float_new(c*x - s*y), rb_float_new(s*x + c*y));
-    }
-    break;
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2 or 3)", argc);
-    break;
-  }
-  c = cos(rad); s = sin(rad);
-  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-    x = gsl_vector_get(vx, i);
-    y = gsl_vector_get(vy, i);
-    gsl_vector_set(vx, i, c*x - s*y);
-    gsl_vector_set(vy, i, s*x + c*y);
-  }
-  return retval;
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_rotate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
-{
-  double rad;
-  double x, y, c, s;
-  gsl_vector *vx, *vy, *vxnew, *vynew;
-  VALUE v0, v1;
-  size_t i, n;
-  switch (argc) {
-  case 2:
-    if (TYPE(argv[0]) == T_ARRAY) {
-      v0 = rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 0);
-      v1 = rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 1);
-      if (VECTOR_P(v0) && VECTOR_P(v1)) {
-        Data_Get_Struct(v0, gsl_vector, vx);
-        Data_Get_Struct(v1, gsl_vector, vy);
-        rad = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
-      } else {
-        x = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 0));
-        y = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 1));
-        rad = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
-        c = cos(rad); s = sin(rad);
-        return rb_ary_new3(2, rb_float_new(c*x - s*y), rb_float_new(s*x + c*y));
-      }
-    } else {
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (Array expected)",
-               rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[0])));
-    }
-    break;
-  case 3:
-    if (VECTOR_P(argv[0]) && VECTOR_P(argv[1])) {
-      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_vector, vx);
-      Data_Get_Struct(argv[1], gsl_vector, vy);
-      rad = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
-    } else {
-      x = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
-      y = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
-      rad = NUM2DBL(argv[2]);
-      c = cos(rad); s = sin(rad);
-      return rb_ary_new3(2, rb_float_new(c*x - s*y), rb_float_new(s*x + c*y));
-    }
-    break;
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2 or 3)", argc);
-    break;
-  }
-  n = (size_t) GSL_MIN(vx->size, vy->size);
-  vxnew = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
-  vynew = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
-  c = cos(rad); s = sin(rad);
-  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-    x = gsl_vector_get(vx, i);
-    y = gsl_vector_get(vy, i);
-    gsl_vector_set(vxnew, i, c*x - s*y);
-    gsl_vector_set(vynew, i, s*x + c*y);
-  }
-  return rb_ary_new3(2, Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vxnew),
-                     Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vynew));
-}
-
-#include "gsl/gsl_fit.h"
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_linearfit(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
-{
-  gsl_vector *x, *y, *w = NULL;
-  double c0, c1, c00, c01, c11, sumsq;
-  switch (argc) {
-  case 3:
-    CHECK_VECTOR(argv[0]); CHECK_VECTOR(argv[1]); CHECK_VECTOR(argv[2]);
-    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_vector, x);
-    Data_Get_Struct(argv[1], gsl_vector, w);
-    Data_Get_Struct(argv[2], gsl_vector, y);
-    gsl_fit_wlinear(x->data, x->stride, w->data, w->stride,
-                    y->data, y->stride, y->size, &c0, &c1, &c00, &c01, &c11,
-                    &sumsq);
-    break;
-  case 2:
-    CHECK_VECTOR(argv[0]); CHECK_VECTOR(argv[1]);
-    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_vector, x);
-    Data_Get_Struct(argv[1], gsl_vector, y);
-    gsl_fit_linear(x->data, x->stride, y->data,y->stride, y->size,
-                   &c0, &c1, &c00, &c01, &c11, &sumsq);
-    break;
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Wrong number of arguments (%d for 2 or 3).\n", argc);
-  }
-  return rb_ary_new3(6, rb_float_new(c0), rb_float_new(c1), rb_float_new(c00),
-                     rb_float_new(c01), rb_float_new(c11), rb_float_new(sumsq));
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_center(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_vector *v, *vnew;
-  double mean;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector, v);
-  mean = gsl_stats_mean(v->data, v->stride, v->size);
-  vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(v->size);
-  gsl_vector_memcpy(vnew, v);
-  gsl_vector_add_constant(vnew, -mean);
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_clip(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_vector *v, *vnew;
-  double hi = 1.0, lo = 0.0;
-  double x;
-  size_t i;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector, v);
-  switch (argc) {
-  case 0:
-    break;
-  case 1:
-    if (TYPE(argv[0]) == T_ARRAY) {
-      lo = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 0));
-      hi = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 1));
-    } else {
-      hi = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
-    }
-    break;
-  case 2:
-    lo = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
-    hi = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
-    break;
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Wrong number of arguments (%d for 0-2).\n", argc);
-  }
-  vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(v->size);
-  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
-    x = gsl_vector_get(v, i);
-    if (x > hi) x = hi;
-    else if (x < lo) x = lo;
-    else {}
-    gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, x);
-  }
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_amp_phase(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_vector *v;
-  gsl_vector *amp, *phase;
-  double re, im;
-  VALUE vamp, vphase;
-  size_t i;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector, v);
-  amp = gsl_vector_alloc(v->size/2);
-  phase = gsl_vector_alloc(v->size/2);
-  gsl_vector_set(amp, 0, gsl_vector_get(v, 0));
-  gsl_vector_set(phase, 0, 0);
-  gsl_vector_set(amp, amp->size-1, gsl_vector_get(v, v->size-1));
-  gsl_vector_set(phase, phase->size-1, 0);
-  for (i = 1; i < v->size-1; i += 2) {
-    re = gsl_vector_get(v, i);
-    im = gsl_vector_get(v, i+1);
-    gsl_vector_set(amp, i/2+1, sqrt(re*re + im*im));
-    gsl_vector_set(phase, i/2+1, atan2(im, re));
-  }
-  vamp = Data_Wrap_Struct(VECTOR_ROW_COL(obj), 0, gsl_vector_free, amp);
-  vphase = Data_Wrap_Struct(VECTOR_ROW_COL(obj), 0, gsl_vector_free, phase);
-  return rb_ary_new3(2, vamp, vphase);
-}
-
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_clean(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
-  double eps = 1e-10;
-  size_t n, i;
-  switch (argc) {
-  case 0:
-    /* do nothing */
-    break;
-  case 1:
-    Need_Float(argv[0]);
-    eps = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
-    break;
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too many arguments (%d for 0 or 1)", argc);
-    break;
-  }
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector, v);
-  vnew = make_vector_clone(v);
-  n = v->size;
-  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) if (fabs(vnew->data[i]) < eps) vnew->data[i] = 0.0;
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_clean_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_vector *v = NULL;
-  double eps = 1e-10;
-  size_t n, i;
-  switch (argc) {
-  case 0:
-    /* do nothing */
-    break;
-  case 1:
-    Need_Float(argv[0]);
-    eps = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
-    break;
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too many arguments (%d for 0 or 1)", argc);
-    break;
-  }
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector, v);
-  n = v->size;
-  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) if (fabs(v->data[i]) < eps) v->data[i] = 0.0;
-  return obj;
-}
-
-VALUE rb_gsl_pow(VALUE obj, VALUE xx, VALUE nn);
-VALUE rb_gsl_vector_pow(VALUE obj, VALUE p)
-{
-  return rb_gsl_pow(Qnil, obj, p);
-}
-
-VALUE rb_gsl_vector_pow_bang(VALUE obj, VALUE pp)
-{
-  gsl_vector *v;
-  double p;
-  size_t i;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector, v);
-  p = NUM2DBL(pp);
-  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
-    gsl_vector_set(v, i, pow(gsl_vector_get(v, i), p));
-  }
-  return obj;
-}
-
-void Init_gsl_vector(VALUE module)
-{
-  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_vector, "linspace", rb_gsl_vector_linspace, -1);
-  rb_define_module_function(module, "linspace", rb_gsl_vector_linspace, -1);
-  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_vector, "logspace", rb_gsl_vector_logspace, -1);
-  rb_define_module_function(module, "logspace", rb_gsl_vector_logspace, -1);
-  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_vector, "logspace2", rb_gsl_vector_logspace2, -1);
-  rb_define_module_function(module, "logspace2", rb_gsl_vector_logspace2, -1);
-
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "add", rb_gsl_vector_add, 1);
-  rb_define_alias(cgsl_vector, "+", "add");
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "sub", rb_gsl_vector_sub, 1);
-  rb_define_alias(cgsl_vector, "-", "sub");
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "mul", rb_gsl_vector_mul, 1);
-  rb_define_alias(cgsl_vector, "*", "mul");
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "div", rb_gsl_vector_div, 1);
-  rb_define_alias(cgsl_vector, "/", "div");
-
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "to_complex", rb_gsl_vector_to_complex, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "to_complex2", rb_gsl_vector_to_complex2, 0);
-
-  /*****/
-
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "coerce", rb_gsl_vector_coerce, 1);
-
-  /*****/
-  rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "to_gv", rb_ary_to_gv0, 0);
-  rb_define_alias(rb_cArray, "to_gslv", "to_gv");
-  rb_define_alias(rb_cArray, "to_gsl_vector", "to_gv");
-  rb_define_method(rb_cRange, "to_gv", rb_gsl_range_to_gv, 0);
-  rb_define_alias(rb_cRange, "to_gslv", "to_gv");
-  rb_define_alias(rb_cRange, "to_gsl_vector", "to_gv");
-  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_vector, "ary_to_gv", rb_ary_to_gv, 1);
-
-  /*****/
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "to_i", rb_gsl_vector_to_i, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "to_f", rb_gsl_vector_to_f, 0);
-
-  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_vector, "graph", rb_gsl_vector_graph2, -1);
-  rb_define_module_function(module, "graph", rb_gsl_vector_graph2, -1);
-  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_vector, "plot", rb_gsl_vector_plot2, -1);
-
-  /*****/
-
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "normalize", rb_gsl_vector_normalize, -1);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "normalize!", rb_gsl_vector_normalize_bang, -1);
-
-#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
-  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_vector, "filescan_na", rb_gsl_vector_filescan_na, 1);
-  rb_define_singleton_method(cNArray, "filescan", rb_gsl_vector_filescan_na, 1);
-#endif
-
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "decimate", rb_gsl_vector_decimate, 1);
-
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "floor", rb_gsl_vector_floor, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "ceil", rb_gsl_vector_ceil, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "round", rb_gsl_vector_round, 0);
-
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "dB", rb_gsl_vector_dB, 0);
-
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "sin", rb_gsl_vector_sin, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "cos", rb_gsl_vector_cos, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "tan", rb_gsl_vector_tan, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "exp", rb_gsl_vector_exp, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "log", rb_gsl_vector_log, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "log10", rb_gsl_vector_log10, 0);
-
-  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_vector, "rotate", rb_gsl_vector_rotate, -1);
-  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_vector, "rotate!", rb_gsl_vector_rotate_bang, -1);
-
-  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_vector, "linearfit", rb_gsl_vector_linearfit, -1);
-
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "center", rb_gsl_vector_center, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "clip", rb_gsl_vector_clip, -1);
-
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "amp_phase", rb_gsl_vector_amp_phase, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "clean", rb_gsl_vector_clean, -1);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "clean!", rb_gsl_vector_clean_bang, -1);
-
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "pow", rb_gsl_vector_pow, 1);
-  rb_define_alias(cgsl_vector, "**", "pow");
-
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "pow!", rb_gsl_vector_pow_bang, 1);
-
-  Init_gsl_vector_init(module);
-}