rb-gsl 1.16.0.5 → 1.16.0.6

data/ext/gsl_native/multimin_fsdf.c

@@ -1,156 +0,0 @@
-#ifdef HAVE_GSL_GSL_MULTIMIN_FSDF_H
-#include "include/rb_gsl.h"
-#include "gsl/gsl_multimin_fsdf.h"
-
-static VALUE cfsdf;
-#ifndef CHECK_MULTIMIN_FUNCTION_FSDF
-#define CHECK_MULTIMIN_FUNCTION_FSDF(x) if(CLASS_OF(x)!=cfsdf) \
-    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, \
-             "wrong argument type %s (GSL::MultiMin::Function_fsdf expected)", \
-             rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(x)));
-#endif
-extern VALUE cgsl_multimin_function_fdf;
-
-static const gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_type* get_fsdfminimizer_type(VALUE t)
-{
-  char name[64];
-  switch (TYPE(t)) {
-  case T_STRING:
-    strcpy(name, STR2CSTR(t));
-    if (strcmp(name, "bundle") == 0 || strcmp(name, "bundle_method") == 0)
-      return gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_bundle_method;
-    else
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s: unknown minimizer type", name);
-    break;
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "type is given by a String or a Fixnum");
-    break;
-  }
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_alloc(VALUE klass, VALUE t, VALUE n)
-{
-  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
-  const gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_type *T;
-  T = get_fsdfminimizer_type(t);
-  gmf = gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_alloc(T, FIX2INT(n));
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_free, gmf);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_set(VALUE obj, VALUE ff, VALUE xx, VALUE ss)
-{
-  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
-  gsl_multimin_function_fsdf *F = NULL;
-  gsl_vector *x;
-  size_t bundle_size;
-  int status;
-  CHECK_MULTIMIN_FUNCTION_FSDF(ff);
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
-  Data_Get_Struct(ff, gsl_multimin_function_fsdf, F);
-  Data_Get_Vector(xx, x);
-  bundle_size = (size_t) FIX2INT(ss);
-  status = gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_set(gmf, F, x, bundle_size);
-  return INT2FIX(status);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_name(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
-  return rb_str_new2(gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_name(gmf));
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_iterate(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
-  return INT2FIX(gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_iterate(gmf));
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_x(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
-  gsl_vector *x = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
-  x = gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_x(gmf);
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view_ro, 0, NULL, x);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_subgradient(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
-  gsl_vector *gradient = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
-  gradient = gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_subgradient(gmf);
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view_ro, 0, NULL, gradient);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_minimum(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
-  double min;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
-  min = gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_minimum(gmf);
-  return rb_float_new(min);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_f(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
-  return rb_float_new(gmf->f);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_restart(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
-  return INT2FIX(gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_restart(gmf));
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_test_gradient(VALUE obj, VALUE ea)
-{
-  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
-  gsl_vector *g = NULL;
-  Need_Float(ea);
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
-  g = gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_subgradient(gmf);
-  return INT2FIX(gsl_multimin_test_gradient(g, NUM2DBL(ea)));
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_test_convergence(VALUE obj, VALUE eps)
-{
-  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
-  return INT2FIX(gsl_multimin_test_convergence(gmf, NUM2DBL(eps)));
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_eps(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
-  return rb_float_new(gmf->eps);
-}
-
-void Init_multimin_fsdf(VALUE module)
-{
-  VALUE cmin;
-
-  cmin = rb_define_class_under(module, "FsdfMinimizer",  cGSL_Object);
-  cfsdf = rb_define_class_under(module, "Function_fsdf", cgsl_multimin_function_fdf);
-
-  rb_define_singleton_method(cmin, "alloc", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_alloc, 2);
-  rb_define_method(cmin, "set", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_set, 3);
-  rb_define_method(cmin, "name", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_name, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cmin, "iterate", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_iterate, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cmin, "x", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_x, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cmin, "f", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_f, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cmin, "subgradient", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_subgradient, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cmin, "minimum", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_minimum, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cmin, "restart", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_restart, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cmin, "test_gradient", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_test_gradient, 1);
-  rb_define_method(cmin, "test_convergence", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_test_convergence, 1);
-  rb_define_method(cmin, "eps", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_eps, 0);
-}
-
-#endif

data/ext/gsl_native/multiroots.c

@@ -1,952 +0,0 @@
-/*
-  multiroots.c
-  Ruby/GSL: Ruby extension library for GSL (GNU Scientific Library)
-    (C) Copyright 2001-2006 by Yoshiki Tsunesada
-
-  Ruby/GSL is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-  under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
-  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
-  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
-*/
-#include "include/rb_gsl.h"
-#include "include/rb_gsl_common.h"
-#include "include/rb_gsl_array.h"
-#include "include/rb_gsl_function.h"
-#include <gsl/gsl_multiroots.h>
-
-#ifndef CHECK_MULTIROOT_FUNCTION
-#define CHECK_MULTIROOT_FUNCTION(x) if(CLASS_OF(x)!=cgsl_multiroot_function) \
-    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, \
-             "wrong argument type %s (GSL::MultiRoot::Function expected)", \
-             rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(x)));
-#endif
-
-#ifndef CHECK_MULTIROOT_FUNCTION_FDF
-#define CHECK_MULTIROOT_FUNCTION_FDF(x) if(CLASS_OF(x)!=cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf) \
-    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, \
-             "wrong argument type %s (GSL::MultiRoot::Function_fdf expected)", \
-             rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(x)));
-#endif
-
-static VALUE cgsl_multiroot_function;
-static VALUE cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf;
-
-enum {
-  GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_HYBRIDSJ,
-  GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_HYBRIDJ,
-  GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_NEWTON,
-  GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_GNEWTON,
-  GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_HYBRIDS,
-  GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_HYBRID,
-  GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_DNEWTON,
-  GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_BROYDEN,
-};
-
-static void gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_mark(gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *f);
-static void gsl_multiroot_function_mark(gsl_multiroot_function *f);
-static void gsl_multiroot_function_free(gsl_multiroot_function *f);
-static int rb_gsl_multiroot_function_f(const gsl_vector *x, void *p, gsl_vector *f);
-static void set_function(int i, VALUE *argv, gsl_multiroot_function *F);
-
-static void gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_free(gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *f);
-static int rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_f(const gsl_vector *x, void *p,
-                                           gsl_vector *f);
-static int rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_df(const gsl_vector *x, void *p,
-                                            gsl_matrix *J);
-static int rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_fdf(const gsl_vector *x, void *p,
-                                             gsl_vector *f, gsl_matrix *J);
-static void set_function_fdf(int i, VALUE *argv, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F);
-static const gsl_multiroot_fsolver_type* get_fsolver_type(VALUE t);
-static const gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_type* get_fdfsolver_type(VALUE t);
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_new(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_function *F = NULL;
-  VALUE ary;
-  size_t i;
-  F = ALLOC(gsl_multiroot_function);
-  F->f = &rb_gsl_multiroot_function_f;
-  ary = rb_ary_new2(2);
-  /*  (VALUE) F->params = ary;*/
-  F->params = (void *) ary;
-  if (rb_block_given_p()) rb_ary_store(ary, 0, rb_block_proc());
-  else rb_ary_store(ary, 0, Qnil);
-  rb_ary_store(ary, 1, Qnil);
-  switch (argc) {
-  case 0:
-    break;
-  case 1:
-    set_function(0, argv, F);
-    break;
-  case 2:
-  case 3:
-    for (i = 0; (int) i < argc; i++) set_function(i, argv, F);
-    break;
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments");
-    break;
-  }
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, gsl_multiroot_function_mark, gsl_multiroot_function_free, F);
-}
-
-static void gsl_multiroot_function_free(gsl_multiroot_function *f)
-{
-  free((gsl_multiroot_function *) f);
-}
-
-static void gsl_multiroot_function_mark(gsl_multiroot_function *f)
-{
-  size_t i;
-  rb_gc_mark((VALUE) f->params);
-  //  for (i = 0; i < RARRAY(f->params)->len; i++)
-  for (i = 0; (int) i < RARRAY_LEN(f->params); i++)
-    rb_gc_mark(rb_ary_entry((VALUE) f->params, i));
-}
-
-static int rb_gsl_multiroot_function_f(const gsl_vector *x, void *p, gsl_vector *f)
-{
-  VALUE vx, vf;
-  VALUE vp, proc;
-  vx = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, NULL, (gsl_vector *) x);
-  vf = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, NULL, f);
-  proc = rb_ary_entry((VALUE) p, 0);
-  vp = rb_ary_entry((VALUE) p, 1);
-  if (NIL_P(vp)) rb_funcall(proc, RBGSL_ID_call, 2, vx, vf);
-  else rb_funcall(proc, RBGSL_ID_call, 3, vx, vp, vf);
-  return GSL_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_eval(VALUE obj, VALUE vx)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_function *F = NULL;
-  gsl_vector *f = NULL;
-  VALUE vp, proc, vf, ary;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function, F);
-  ary = (VALUE) F->params;
-  f = gsl_vector_alloc(F->n);
-  vf = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, f);
-  proc = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
-  vp = rb_ary_entry(ary, 1);
-  if (NIL_P(vp)) rb_funcall(proc, RBGSL_ID_call, 2, vx, vf);
-  else rb_funcall(proc, RBGSL_ID_call, 3, vx, vp, vf);
-  return vf;
-}
-
-static void set_function(int i, VALUE *argv, gsl_multiroot_function *F)
-{
-  VALUE ary;
-  ary = (VALUE) F->params;
-  if (TYPE(argv[i]) == T_FIXNUM) F->n = FIX2INT(argv[i]);
-  else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[i], rb_cProc))
-    rb_ary_store(ary, 0, argv[i]);
-  else if (TYPE(argv[i]) == T_ARRAY || rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[i], cgsl_vector)
-           || TYPE(argv[i]) == T_FIXNUM || TYPE(argv[i]) == T_FLOAT) {
-    rb_ary_store(ary, 1, argv[i]);
-  } else {
-    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong type of argument %d (Fixnum or Proc)", i);
-  }
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_set_f(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_function *F = NULL;
-  VALUE ary;
-  size_t i;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function, F);
-  ary = (VALUE) F->params;
-  if (rb_block_given_p()) rb_ary_store(ary, 0, rb_block_proc());
-  switch (argc) {
-  case 1:
-    set_function(0, argv, F);
-    break;
-  case 2:
-  case 3:
-    for (i = 0; (int) i < argc; i++) set_function(i, argv, F);
-    break;
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments");
-    break;
-  }
-  return obj;
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_set_params(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_function *F = NULL;
-  VALUE ary, ary2;
-  size_t i;
-  if (argc == 0) return obj;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function, F);
-  if (F->params == NULL) {
-    ary = rb_ary_new2(4);
-    /*    (VALUE) F->params = ary;*/
-    F->params = (void *) ary;
-  } else {
-    ary = (VALUE) F->params;
-  }
-  if (argc == 1) rb_ary_store(ary, 1, argv[0]);
-  else {
-    ary2 = rb_ary_new2(argc);
-    for (i = 0; (int) i < argc; i++) rb_ary_store(ary2, i, argv[i]);
-    rb_ary_store(ary, 1, ary2);
-  }
-  return obj;
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_params(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_function *F = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function, F);
-  return rb_ary_entry((VALUE) F->params, 1);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_n(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_function *F = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function, F);
-  return INT2FIX(F->n);
-}
-
-/*** multiroot_function_fdf ***/
-static void set_function_fdf(int argc, VALUE *argv, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F);
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_new(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F = NULL;
-  VALUE ary;
-  F = ALLOC(gsl_multiroot_function_fdf);
-  F->f = &rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_f;
-  F->df = &rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_df;
-  F->fdf = &rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_fdf;
-  ary = rb_ary_new2(4);
-  /*  (VALUE) F->params = ary;*/
-  F->params = (void *) ary;
-  rb_ary_store(ary, 2, Qnil);
-  rb_ary_store(ary, 3, Qnil);
-  set_function_fdf(argc, argv, F);
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_mark, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_free, F);
-}
-
-static void gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_free(gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *f)
-{
-  free((gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *) f);
-}
-
-static void gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_mark(gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *f)
-{
-  size_t i;
-  rb_gc_mark((VALUE) f->params);
-  //  for (i = 0; i < RARRAY(f->params)->len; i++)
-  for (i = 0; (int) i < RARRAY_LEN(f->params); i++)
-    rb_gc_mark(rb_ary_entry((VALUE) f->params, i));
-}
-
-static void set_function_fdf(int argc, VALUE *argv, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F)
-{
-  VALUE ary;
-  if (F->params == NULL) {
-    ary = rb_ary_new2(4);
-    /*    (VALUE) F->params = ary;*/
-    F->params = (void *) ary;
-  } else {
-    ary = (VALUE) F->params;
-  }
-  rb_ary_store(ary, 2, Qnil);
-  rb_ary_store(ary, 3, Qnil);
-  switch (argc) {
-  case 1:
-    if (TYPE(argv[0]) != T_FIXNUM) rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Fixnum expected");
-    F->n = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
-    break;
-  case 2:
-    rb_ary_store(ary, 0, argv[0]);
-    rb_ary_store(ary, 1, argv[1]);
-    rb_ary_store(ary, 2, Qnil);
-    break;
-  case 3:
-    rb_ary_store(ary, 0, argv[0]);
-    rb_ary_store(ary, 1, argv[1]);
-    if (TYPE(argv[2]) == T_FIXNUM) {
-      F->n = FIX2INT(argv[2]);
-      rb_ary_store(ary, 2, Qnil);
-    } else {
-      rb_ary_store(ary, 2, argv[2]);
-    }
-    break;
-  case 4:
-    rb_ary_store(ary, 0, argv[0]);
-    rb_ary_store(ary, 1, argv[1]);
-    if (TYPE(argv[2]) == T_FIXNUM) {
-      F->n = FIX2INT(argv[2]);
-      rb_ary_store(ary, 2, Qnil);
-      rb_ary_store(ary, 3, argv[3]);
-    } else {
-      rb_ary_store(ary, 2, argv[2]);
-      F->n = FIX2INT(argv[3]);
-      rb_ary_store(ary, 3, Qnil);
-    }
-    break;
-  case 5:
-    if (TYPE(argv[0]) == T_FIXNUM) {
-      F->n = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
-      rb_ary_store(ary, 0, argv[1]);
-      rb_ary_store(ary, 1, argv[2]);
-      rb_ary_store(ary, 2, argv[3]);
-    } else {
-      rb_ary_store(ary, 0, argv[0]);
-      rb_ary_store(ary, 1, argv[1]);
-      rb_ary_store(ary, 2, argv[2]);
-      F->n = FIX2INT(argv[3]);
-    }
-    rb_ary_store(ary, 3, argv[4]);
-    break;
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (1, 3, or 4)");
-    break;
-  }
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_set_params(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F = NULL;
-  VALUE ary, ary2;
-  size_t i;
-  if (argc == 0) return obj;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf, F);
-  if (F->params == NULL) {
-    ary = rb_ary_new2(4);
-    /*    (VALUE) F->params = ary;*/
-    F->params = (void *) ary;
-  } else {
-    ary = (VALUE) F->params;
-  }
-  if (argc == 1) rb_ary_store(ary, 3, argv[0]);
-  else {
-    ary2 = rb_ary_new2(argc);
-    for (i = 0; (int) i < argc; i++) rb_ary_store(ary2, i, argv[i]);
-    rb_ary_store(ary, 3, ary2);
-  }
-  return obj;
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_set(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf, F);
-  set_function_fdf(argc, argv, F);
-  return obj;
-}
-
-static int rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_f(const gsl_vector *x, void *p,
-                                           gsl_vector *f)
-{
-  VALUE vx, vf, ary;
-  VALUE proc, vp;
-  vx = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, NULL, (gsl_vector *) x);
-  vf = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, NULL, f);
-  ary = (VALUE) p;
-  proc = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
-  vp = rb_ary_entry(ary, 3);
-  if (NIL_P(vp)) rb_funcall(proc, RBGSL_ID_call, 2, vx, vf);
-  else rb_funcall(proc, RBGSL_ID_call, 3, vx, vp, vf);
-  return GSL_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_df(const gsl_vector *x, void *p,
-                                            gsl_matrix *J)
-{
-  VALUE vx, vJ, ary;
-  VALUE proc, vp;
-  vx = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, NULL, (gsl_vector *) x);
-  vJ = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, NULL, J);
-  ary = (VALUE) p;
-  proc = rb_ary_entry(ary, 1);
-  vp = rb_ary_entry(ary, 3);
-  if (NIL_P(vp)) rb_funcall(proc, RBGSL_ID_call, 2, vx, vJ);
-  else rb_funcall(proc, RBGSL_ID_call, 3, vx, vp, vJ);
-  return GSL_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_fdf(const gsl_vector *x, void *p,
-                                             gsl_vector *f, gsl_matrix *J)
-{
-  VALUE vx, vf, vJ, ary;
-  VALUE proc_f, proc_df, proc_fdf, vp;
-  vx = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, NULL, (gsl_vector *) x);
-  vf = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, NULL, f);
-  vJ = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, NULL, J);
-  ary = (VALUE) p;
-  proc_f = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
-  proc_df = rb_ary_entry(ary, 1);
-  proc_fdf = rb_ary_entry(ary, 2);
-  vp = rb_ary_entry(ary, 3);
-  if (NIL_P(proc_fdf)) {
-    if (NIL_P(vp)) {
-      rb_funcall(proc_f, RBGSL_ID_call, 2, vx, vf);
-      rb_funcall(proc_df, RBGSL_ID_call, 2, vx, vJ);
-    } else {
-      rb_funcall(proc_f, RBGSL_ID_call, 3, vx, vp, vf);
-      rb_funcall(proc_df, RBGSL_ID_call, 3, vx, vp, vJ);
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (NIL_P(vp)) rb_funcall(proc_fdf, RBGSL_ID_call, 3, vx,  vf, vJ);
-    else rb_funcall(proc_fdf, RBGSL_ID_call, 4, vx, vp, vf, vJ);
-  }
-  return GSL_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_params(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf, F);
-  return rb_ary_entry((VALUE) F->params, 3);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_n(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf, F);
-  return INT2FIX(F->n);
-}
-
-/**********/
-
-static void multiroot_define_const(VALUE klass1, VALUE klass2);
-static void multiroot_define_const(VALUE klass1, VALUE klass2)
-{
-  rb_define_const(klass1, "HYBRIDSJ", INT2FIX(GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_HYBRIDSJ));
-  rb_define_const(klass1, "HYBRIDJ", INT2FIX(GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_HYBRIDJ));
-  rb_define_const(klass1, "NEWTON", INT2FIX(GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_NEWTON));
-  rb_define_const(klass1, "GNEWTON", INT2FIX(GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_GNEWTON));
-
-  rb_define_const(klass2, "HYBRIDS", INT2FIX(GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_HYBRIDS));
-  rb_define_const(klass2, "HYBRID", INT2FIX(GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_HYBRID));
-  rb_define_const(klass2, "DNEWTON", INT2FIX(GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_DNEWTON));
-  rb_define_const(klass2, "BROYDEN", INT2FIX(GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_BROYDEN));
-}
-
-#include <string.h>
-static const gsl_multiroot_fsolver_type* get_fsolver_type(VALUE t)
-{
-  char name[32];
-  switch (TYPE(t)) {
-  case T_STRING:
-    strcpy(name,STR2CSTR(t));
-    if (str_tail_grep(name, "hybrids") == 0) return gsl_multiroot_fsolver_hybrids;
-    else if (str_tail_grep(name, "hybrid") == 0) return gsl_multiroot_fsolver_hybrid;
-    else if (str_tail_grep(name, "dnewton") == 0) return gsl_multiroot_fsolver_dnewton;
-    else if (str_tail_grep(name, "broyden") == 0) return gsl_multiroot_fsolver_broyden;
-    else rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s: unknown algorithm", name);
-    break;
-  case T_FIXNUM:
-    switch (FIX2INT(t)) {
-    case GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_HYBRIDS: return gsl_multiroot_fsolver_hybrids; break;
-    case GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_HYBRID: return gsl_multiroot_fsolver_hybrid; break;
-    case GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_DNEWTON: return gsl_multiroot_fsolver_dnewton; break;
-    case GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_BROYDEN: return gsl_multiroot_fsolver_broyden; break;
-    default:
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%d: unknown algorithm", FIX2INT(t));
-      break;
-    }
-    break;
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong type argument (Fixnum or String expected)");
-    break;
-  }
-}
-
-static const gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_type* get_fdfsolver_type(VALUE t)
-{
-  char name[32];
-  switch (TYPE(t)) {
-  case T_STRING:
-    strcpy(name,STR2CSTR(t));
-    if (str_tail_grep(name, "hybridsj") == 0) return gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_hybridsj;
-    else if (str_tail_grep(name, "hybridj") == 0) return gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_hybridj;
-    else if (str_tail_grep(name, "gnewton") == 0) return gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_gnewton;
-    else if (str_tail_grep(name, "newton") == 0) return gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_newton;
-    else rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s: unknown algorithm", name);
-    break;
-  case T_FIXNUM:
-    switch (FIX2INT(t)) {
-    case GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_HYBRIDSJ: return gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_hybridsj; break;
-    case GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_HYBRIDJ: return gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_hybridj; break;
-    case GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_NEWTON: return gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_newton; break;
-    case GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_GNEWTON: return gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_gnewton; break;
-    default:
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%d: unknown algorithm", FIX2INT(t));
-      break;
-    }
-    break;
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong type argument (Fixnum or String expected)");
-    break;
-  }
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_new(VALUE klass, VALUE t, VALUE n)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
-  const gsl_multiroot_fsolver_type *T;
-  CHECK_FIXNUM(n);
-  T = get_fsolver_type(t);
-  s = gsl_multiroot_fsolver_alloc(T, FIX2INT(n));
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, gsl_multiroot_fsolver_free, s);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_set(VALUE obj, VALUE vf, VALUE vx)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
-  gsl_multiroot_function *f = NULL;
-  gsl_vector *x = NULL;
-  int flag = 0, status;
-  CHECK_MULTIROOT_FUNCTION(vf);
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
-  Data_Get_Struct(vf, gsl_multiroot_function, f);
-  if (TYPE(vx) == T_ARRAY) {
-    x = gsl_vector_alloc(s->f->size);
-    cvector_set_from_rarray(x, vx);
-    flag = 1;
-  } else {
-    Data_Get_Vector(vx, x);
-  }
-  status = gsl_multiroot_fsolver_set(s, f, x);
-  if (flag == 1) gsl_vector_free(x);
-  return INT2FIX(status);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_name(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
-  return rb_str_new2(gsl_multiroot_fsolver_name(s));
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_iterate(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
-  return INT2FIX(gsl_multiroot_fsolver_iterate(s));
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_root(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view_ro, 0, NULL, gsl_multiroot_fsolver_root(s));
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_x(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view_ro, 0, NULL, s->x);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_dx(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view_ro, 0, NULL, s->dx);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_f(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view_ro, 0, NULL, s->f);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_test_delta(VALUE obj, VALUE ea, VALUE er)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
-  Need_Float(ea); Need_Float(er);
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
-  return INT2FIX(gsl_multiroot_test_delta(s->dx, s->x, NUM2DBL(ea), NUM2DBL(er)));
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_test_residual(VALUE obj, VALUE ea)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
-  Need_Float(ea);
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
-  return INT2FIX(gsl_multiroot_test_residual(s->f, NUM2DBL(ea)));
-}
-
-/***/
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_new(VALUE klass, VALUE t, VALUE n)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
-  const gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_type *T;
-  CHECK_FIXNUM(n);
-  T = get_fdfsolver_type(t);
-  s = gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_alloc(T, FIX2INT(n));
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_free, s);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_set(VALUE obj, VALUE vf, VALUE vx)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
-  gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *f = NULL;
-  gsl_vector *x = NULL;
-  int flag = 0, status;
-  CHECK_MULTIROOT_FUNCTION_FDF(vf);
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, s);
-  Data_Get_Struct(vf, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf, f);
-  if (TYPE(vx) == T_ARRAY) {
-    x = gsl_vector_alloc(s->f->size);
-    cvector_set_from_rarray(x, vx);
-    flag = 1;
-  } else {
-    Data_Get_Vector(vx, x);
-  }
-  status = gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_set(s, f, x);
-  if (flag == 0) gsl_vector_free(x);
-  return INT2FIX(status);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_name(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, s);
-  return rb_str_new2(gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_name(s));
-}
-
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_iterate(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, s);
-  return INT2FIX(gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_iterate(s));
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_root(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, s);
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view_ro, 0, NULL, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_root(s));
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_x(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, s);
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view_ro, 0, NULL, s->x);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_dx(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, s);
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view_ro, 0, NULL, s->dx);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_f(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, s);
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view_ro, 0, NULL, s->f);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_J(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, s);
-  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix_view_ro, 0, NULL, s->J);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_test_delta(VALUE obj, VALUE ea, VALUE er)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
-  Need_Float(ea); Need_Float(er);
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, s);
-  return INT2FIX(gsl_multiroot_test_delta(s->dx, s->x, NUM2DBL(ea), NUM2DBL(er)));
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_test_residual(VALUE obj, VALUE ea)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
-  Need_Float(ea);
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, s);
-  return INT2FIX(gsl_multiroot_test_residual(s->f, NUM2DBL(ea)));
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_test_delta(VALUE obj, VALUE vdx, VALUE vx,
-                                         VALUE ea, VALUE er)
-{
-  gsl_vector *dx = NULL, *x = NULL;
-  Need_Float(ea); Need_Float(er);
-  Data_Get_Struct(vdx, gsl_vector, dx);
-  Data_Get_Struct(vx, gsl_vector, x);
-  return INT2FIX(gsl_multiroot_test_delta(dx, x, NUM2DBL(ea), NUM2DBL(er)));
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_test_residual(VALUE obj, VALUE vf, VALUE ea)
-{
-  gsl_vector *f = NULL;
-  Need_Float(ea);
-  Data_Get_Struct(vf, gsl_vector, f);
-  return INT2FIX(gsl_multiroot_test_residual(f, NUM2DBL(ea)));
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_fsolve(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
-  int iter = 0, itmp = 0, i, status, max_iter = 1000;
-  double eps = 1e-7;
-  gsl_vector *xnew = NULL;
-  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
-  case T_MODULE:
-  case T_CLASS:
-  case T_OBJECT:
-    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
-    itmp = 1;
-    break;
-  default:
-    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
-    itmp = 0;
-    break;
-  }
-  for (i = itmp; i < argc; i++) {
-    switch (argv[i]) {
-    case T_FIXNUM:
-      max_iter = FIX2INT(argv[i]);
-      break;
-    case T_FLOAT:
-      eps = NUM2DBL(argv[i]);
-      break;
-    default:
-      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong type of argument %s (Fixnum or Float expected)",
-               rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[i])));
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  do {
-    iter++;
-    status = gsl_multiroot_fsolver_iterate (s);
-    if (status) break;
-    status = gsl_multiroot_test_residual(s->f, eps);
-  } while (status == GSL_CONTINUE && iter < max_iter);
-  xnew = gsl_vector_alloc(s->x->size);
-  gsl_vector_memcpy(xnew, gsl_multiroot_fsolver_root(s));
-  return rb_ary_new3(3,
-                     Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, xnew),
-                     INT2FIX(iter), INT2FIX(status));
-}
-
-/* singleton */
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdjacobian(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_function *F = NULL, func;
-  gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *fdf = NULL;
-  gsl_vector *x = NULL, *f = NULL;
-  gsl_matrix *J = NULL;
-  double eps;
-  int status;
-  if (argc != 4 && argc != 5)
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 4 or 5)", argc);
-  if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[0], cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf)) {
-    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_multiroot_function_fdf, fdf);
-    func.f = fdf->f;
-    func.n = fdf->n;
-    func.params = fdf->params;
-    F = &func;
-  } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[0], cgsl_multiroot_function)) {
-    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_multiroot_function, F);
-  } else {
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong argument type %s (MultiRoot::Function or MultiRoot::Function_fdf expected)", rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[0])));
-  }
-  Need_Float(argv[3]);
-  Data_Get_Vector(argv[1], x);
-  Data_Get_Vector(argv[2], f);
-  eps = NUM2DBL(argv[3]);
-  if (argc == 4) {
-    J = gsl_matrix_alloc(F->n, F->n);
-    status = gsl_multiroot_fdjacobian(F, x, f, eps, J);
-    return rb_ary_new3(2, Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, J),
-                       INT2FIX(status));
-  } else {
-    Data_Get_Struct(argv[4], gsl_matrix, J);
-    status = gsl_multiroot_fdjacobian(F, x, f, eps, J);
-    return rb_ary_new3(2, argv[4], INT2FIX(status));
-  }
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_get_f(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf, F);
-  return rb_ary_entry(((VALUE) F->params), 0);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_get_f(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf, F);
-  return rb_ary_entry(((VALUE) F->params), 0);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_get_df(VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F = NULL;
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf, F);
-  return rb_ary_entry(((VALUE) F->params), 1);
-}
-
-static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_solve(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
-{
-  gsl_multiroot_function *F = NULL;
-  gsl_vector *x0 = NULL, *xnew;
-  int flag = 0;
-  double epsabs = 1e-7;
-  size_t max_iter = 10000, iter = 0, i;
-  gsl_multiroot_fsolver_type *T
-    = (gsl_multiroot_fsolver_type *) gsl_multiroot_fsolver_hybrids;
-  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
-  int status;
-  if (argc < 1) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too few arguments (%d for >= 1)", argc);
-  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function, F);
-  switch (argc) {
-  case 4:
-  case 3:
-  case 2:
-    for (i = 1; (int) i < argc; i++) {
-      switch (TYPE(argv[i])) {
-      case T_STRING:
-        T = (gsl_multiroot_fsolver_type *) get_fsolver_type(argv[i]);
-        break;
-      case T_FLOAT:
-        epsabs = NUM2DBL(argv[i]);
-        break;
-      case T_FIXNUM:
-        max_iter = FIX2INT(argv[i]);
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  /* no break */
-  case 1:
-    if (TYPE(argv[0]) == T_ARRAY) {
-      //      if (RARRAY(argv[0])->len != F->n)
-      if (RARRAY_LEN(argv[0]) != (int) F->n)
-        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "array size are different.");
-      x0 = gsl_vector_alloc(F->n);
-      for (i = 0; i < x0->size; i++)
-        gsl_vector_set(x0, i, NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], i)));
-      flag = 1;
-    } else {
-      Data_Get_Vector(argv[0], x0);
-      flag = 0;
-    }
-    break;
-  default:
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too many arguments (%d for 1 - 4)", argc);
-    break;
-  }
-  s = gsl_multiroot_fsolver_alloc (T, F->n);
-  gsl_multiroot_fsolver_set (s, F, x0);
-  do {
-    iter++;
-    status = gsl_multiroot_fsolver_iterate (s);
-    if (status) break;
-    status = gsl_multiroot_test_residual(s->f, epsabs);
-  } while (status == GSL_CONTINUE && iter < max_iter);
-  xnew = gsl_vector_alloc(x0->size);
-  gsl_vector_memcpy(xnew, s->x);
-  gsl_multiroot_fsolver_free (s);
-  if (flag == 1) gsl_vector_free(x0);
-  return rb_ary_new3(3, Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, xnew),
-                     INT2FIX(iter), INT2FIX(status));
-}
-
-void Init_gsl_multiroot(VALUE module)
-{
-  VALUE mgsl_multiroot;
-  VALUE cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, cgsl_multiroot_fsolver;
-
-  mgsl_multiroot = rb_define_module_under(module, "MultiRoot");
-
-  rb_define_singleton_method(mgsl_multiroot, "test_delta",
-                             rb_gsl_multiroot_test_delta, 4);
-  rb_define_singleton_method(mgsl_multiroot, "test_residual",
-                             rb_gsl_multiroot_test_residual, 2);
-
-  rb_define_singleton_method(mgsl_multiroot, "fdjacobian",
-                             rb_gsl_multiroot_fdjacobian, -1);
-
-  /* multiroot_function */
-  cgsl_multiroot_function = rb_define_class_under(mgsl_multiroot, "Function",
-                                                  cgsl_function);
-  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_multiroot_function, "alloc",
-                             rb_gsl_multiroot_function_new, -1);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function, "eval", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_eval, 1);
-  rb_define_alias(cgsl_multiroot_function, "call", "eval");
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function, "set", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_set_f, -1);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function, "set_params", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_set_params, -1);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function, "params", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_params, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function, "n", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_n, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function, "f", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_get_f, 0);
-
-  /* multiroot_function_fdf */
-  cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf = rb_define_class_under(mgsl_multiroot, "Function_fdf",
-                                                      cgsl_multiroot_function);
-  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf, "alloc",
-                             rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_new, -1);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf, "set", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_set, -1);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf, "set_params", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_set_params, -1);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf, "params", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_params, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf, "n", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_n, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf, "f", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_get_f, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf, "df", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_get_df, 0);
-
-  /* solver */
-  cgsl_multiroot_fsolver = rb_define_class_under(mgsl_multiroot, "FSolver", cGSL_Object);
-  cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver = rb_define_class_under(mgsl_multiroot, "FdfSolver", cgsl_multiroot_fsolver);
-
-  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "alloc",
-                             rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_new, 2);
-  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "alloc",
-                             rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_new, 2);
-
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "set", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_set, 2);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "name", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_name, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "iterate", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_iterate, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "root", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_root, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "x", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_x, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "dx", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_dx, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "f", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_f, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "test_delta", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_test_delta, 2);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "test_residual", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_test_residual, 1);
-
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "set", rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_set, 2);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "name", rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_name, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "iterate", rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_iterate, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "root", rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_root, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "x", rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_x, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "dx", rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_dx, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "f", rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_f, 0);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "J", rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_J, 0);
-  rb_define_alias(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "jac", "J");
-  rb_define_alias(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "jacobian", "J");
-
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "test_delta", rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_test_delta, 2);
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "test_residual", rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_test_residual, 1);
-
-
-  multiroot_define_const(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, cgsl_multiroot_fsolver);
-
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "fsolve", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_fsolve, -1);
-  rb_define_alias(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "solve", "fsolve");
-
-  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "fsolve", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_fsolve, -1);
-  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "solve", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_fsolve, -1);
-
-  /*****/
-  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function, "solve", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_solve, -1);
-  rb_define_alias(cgsl_multiroot_function, "fsolve", "solve");
-}
-#ifdef CHECK_MULTIROOT_FUNCTION
-#undef CHECK_MULTIROOT_FUNCTION
-#endif
-#ifdef CHECK_MULTIROOT_FUNCTION_FDF
-#undef CHECK_MULTIROOT_FUNCTION_FDF
-#endif