mini_exiftool_vendored 8.9.7.v2 → 9.2.7.v1

data/vendor/Image-ExifTool-9.27/lib/Image/ExifTool/DjVu.pm

@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# File:         DjVu.pm
+#
+# Description:  Read DjVu archive meta information
+#
+# Revisions:    09/25/2008 - P. Harvey Created
+#
+# References:   1) http://djvu.sourceforge.net/ (DjVu v3 specification, Nov 2005)
+#               2) http://www.djvu.org/
+#
+# Notes:        DjVu files are recognized and the IFF structure is processed
+#               by Image::ExifTool::AIFF
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+package Image::ExifTool::DjVu;
+
+use strict;
+use vars qw($VERSION);
+use Image::ExifTool qw(:DataAccess :Utils);
+
+$VERSION = '1.03';
+
+sub ParseAnt($);
+sub ProcessAnt($$$);
+sub ProcessMeta($$$);
+sub ProcessBZZ($$$);
+
+# DjVu chunks that we parse (ref 4)
+%Image::ExifTool::DjVu::Main = (
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Image' },
+    NOTES => 'Information is extracted from the following chunks in DjVu images.',
+    INFO => {
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DjVu::Info' },
+    },
+    FORM => {
+        TypeOnly => 1,  # extract chunk type only, then descend into chunk
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DjVu::Form' },
+    },
+    ANTa => {
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DjVu::Ant' },
+    },
+    ANTz => {
+        Name => 'CompressedAnnotation',
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DjVu::Ant',
+            ProcessProc => \&ProcessBZZ,
+        }
+    },
+    INCL => 'IncludedFileID',
+);
+
+# information in the DjVu INFO chunk
+%Image::ExifTool::DjVu::Info = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Image' },
+    FORMAT => 'int8u',
+    PRIORITY => 0, # first INFO block takes priority
+    0 => {
+        Name => 'ImageWidth',
+        Format => 'int16u',
+    },
+    2 => {
+        Name => 'ImageHeight',
+        Format => 'int16u',
+    },
+    4 => {
+        Name => 'DjVuVersion',
+        Description => 'DjVu Version',
+        Format => 'int8u[2]',
+        # (this may be just one byte as with version 0.16)
+        ValueConv => '$val=~/(\d+) (\d+)/ ? "$2.$1" : "0.$val"',
+    },
+    6 => {
+        Name => 'SpatialResolution',
+        Format => 'int16u',
+        ValueConv => '(($val & 0xff)<<8) + ($val>>8)', # (little-endian!)
+    },
+    8 => {
+        Name => 'Gamma',
+        ValueConv => '$val / 10',
+    },
+    9 => {
+        Name => 'Orientation',
+        Mask => 0x07, # (upper 5 bits reserved)
+        PrintConv => {
+            1 => 'Horizontal (normal)',
+            2 => 'Rotate 180',
+            5 => 'Rotate 90 CW',
+            6 => 'Rotate 270 CW',
+        },
+    },
+);
+
+# information in the DjVu FORM chunk
+%Image::ExifTool::DjVu::Form = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Image' },
+    0 => {
+        Name => 'SubfileType',
+        Format => 'undef[4]',
+        Priority => 0,
+        PrintConv => {
+            DJVU => 'Single-page image',
+            DJVM => 'Multi-page document',
+            PM44 => 'Color IW44',
+            BM44 => 'Grayscale IW44',
+            DJVI => 'Shared component',
+            THUM => 'Thumbnail image',
+        },
+    },
+);
+
+# tags found in the DjVu annotation chunk (ANTz or ANTa)
+%Image::ExifTool::DjVu::Ant = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::DjVu::ProcessAnt,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Image' },
+    NOTES => 'Information extracted from annotation chunks.',
+    # Note: For speed, ProcessAnt() pre-scans for known tag ID's, so if any
+    # new tags are added here they must also be added to the pre-scan check
+    metadata => {
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DjVu::Meta' }
+    },
+    xmp => {
+        Name => 'XMP',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::XMP::Main' }
+    },
+);
+
+# tags found in the DjVu annotation metadata
+%Image::ExifTool::DjVu::Meta = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::DjVu::ProcessMeta,
+    GROUPS => { 1 => 'DjVu-Meta', 2 => 'Image' },
+    NOTES => q{
+        This table lists the standard DjVu metadata tags, but ExifTool will extract
+        any tags that exist even if they don't appear here.  The DjVu v3
+        documentation endorses tags borrowed from two standards: 1) BibTeX
+        bibliography system tags (all lowercase Tag ID's in the table below), and 2)
+        PDF DocInfo tags (capitalized Tag ID's).
+    },
+    # BibTeX tags (ref http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX)
+    address     => { Groups => { 2 => 'Location' } },
+    annote      => { Name => 'Annotation' },
+    author      => { Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
+    booktitle   => { Name => 'BookTitle' },
+    chapter     => { },
+    crossref    => { Name => 'CrossRef' },
+    edition     => { },
+    eprint      => { Name => 'EPrint' },
+    howpublished=> { Name => 'HowPublished' },
+    institution => { },
+    journal     => { },
+    key         => { },
+    month       => { Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
+    note        => { },
+    number      => { },
+    organization=> { },
+    pages       => { },
+    publisher   => { },
+    school      => { },
+    series      => { },
+    title       => { },
+    type        => { },
+    url         => { Name => 'URL' },
+    volume      => { },
+    year        => { Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
+    # PDF tags (same as Image::ExifTool::PDF::Info)
+    Title       => { },
+    Author      => { Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
+    Subject     => { },
+    Keywords    => { },
+    Creator     => { },
+    Producer    => { },
+    CreationDate => {
+        Name => 'CreateDate',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
+        # RFC 3339 date/time format
+        ValueConv => 'require Image::ExifTool::XMP; Image::ExifTool::XMP::ConvertXMPDate($val)',
+        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
+    },
+    ModDate => {
+        Name => 'ModifyDate',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
+        ValueConv => 'require Image::ExifTool::XMP; Image::ExifTool::XMP::ConvertXMPDate($val)',
+        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
+    },
+    Trapped => {
+        # remove leading '/' from '/True' or '/False'
+        ValueConv => '$val=~s{^/}{}; $val',
+    },
+);
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Parse DjVu annotation "s-expression" syntax (recursively)
+# Inputs: 0) data ref (with pos($$dataPt) set to start of annotation)
+# Returns: reference to list of tokens/references, or undef if no tokens,
+#          and the position in $$dataPt is set to end of last token
+# Notes: The DjVu annotation syntax is not well documented, so I make
+#        a number of assumptions here!
+sub ParseAnt($)
+{
+    my $dataPt = shift;
+    my (@toks, $tok, $more);
+    # (the DjVu annotation syntax really sucks, and requires that every
+    # single token be parsed in order to properly scan through the items)
+Tok: for (;;) {
+        # find the next token
+        last unless $$dataPt =~ /(\S)/sg;   # get next non-space character
+        if ($1 eq '(') {       # start of list
+            $tok = ParseAnt($dataPt);
+        } elsif ($1 eq ')') {  # end of list
+            $more = 1;
+            last;
+        } elsif ($1 eq '"') {  # quoted string
+            $tok = '';
+            for (;;) {
+                # get string up to the next quotation mark
+                # this doesn't work in perl 5.6.2! grrrr
+                # last Tok unless $$dataPt =~ /(.*?)"/sg;
+                # $tok .= $1;
+                my $pos = pos($$dataPt);
+                last Tok unless $$dataPt =~ /"/sg;
+                $tok .= substr($$dataPt, $pos, pos($$dataPt)-1-$pos);
+                # we're good unless quote was escaped by odd number of backslashes
+                last unless $tok =~ /(\\+)$/ and length($1) & 0x01;
+                $tok .= '"';    # quote is part of the string
+            }
+            # convert C escape sequences (allowed in quoted text)
+            $tok = eval qq{"$tok"};
+        } else {                # key name
+            pos($$dataPt) = pos($$dataPt) - 1;
+            # allow anything in key but whitespace, braces and double quotes
+            # (this is one of those assumptions I mentioned)
+            $$dataPt =~ /([^\s()"]+)/sg;
+            $tok = $1;
+        }
+        push @toks, $tok if defined $tok;
+    }
+    # prevent further parsing unless more after this
+    pos($$dataPt) = length $$dataPt unless $more;
+    return @toks ? \@toks : undef;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Process DjVu annotation chunk (ANTa or decoded ANTz)
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) DirInfo reference, 2) tag table ref
+# Returns: 1 on success
+sub ProcessAnt($$$)
+{
+    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
+    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
+
+    # quick pre-scan to check for metadata or XMP
+    return 1 unless $$dataPt =~ /\(\s*(metadata|xmp)[\s("]/s;
+
+    # parse annotations into a tree structure
+    pos($$dataPt) = 0;
+    my $toks = ParseAnt($dataPt) or return 0;
+
+    # process annotations individually
+    my $ant;
+    foreach $ant (@$toks) {
+        next unless ref $ant eq 'ARRAY' and @$ant >= 2;
+        my $tag = shift @$ant;
+        next if ref $tag or not defined $$tagTablePtr{$tag};
+        if ($tag eq 'metadata') {
+            # ProcessMeta() takes array reference
+            $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $tag, $ant);
+        } else {
+            next if ref $$ant[0];   # only process simple values
+            $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $tag, $$ant[0]);
+        }
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Process DjVu metadata
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) DirInfo reference, 2) tag table ref
+# Returns: 1 on success
+# Notes: input dirInfo DataPt is a reference to a list of pre-parsed metadata entries
+sub ProcessMeta($$$)
+{
+    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
+    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
+    return 0 unless ref $$dataPt eq 'ARRAY';
+    $exifTool->VerboseDir('Metadata', scalar @$$dataPt);
+    my ($item, $err);
+    foreach $item (@$$dataPt) {
+        # make sure item is a simple tag/value pair
+        $err=1, next unless ref $item eq 'ARRAY' and @$item >= 2 and
+                            not ref $$item[0] and not ref $$item[1];
+        # add any new tags to the table
+        unless ($$tagTablePtr{$$item[0]}) {
+            my $name = $$item[0];
+            $name =~ tr/-_a-zA-Z0-9//dc; # remove illegal characters
+            length $name or $err = 1, next;
+            AddTagToTable($tagTablePtr, $$item[0], { Name => ucfirst($name) });
+        }
+        $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $$item[0], $$item[1]);
+    }
+    $err and $exifTool->Warn('Ignored invalid metadata entry(s)');
+    return 1;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Process BZZ-compressed data (in DjVu images)
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) DirInfo reference, 2) tag table ref
+# Returns: 1 on success
+sub ProcessBZZ($$$)
+{
+    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
+    require Image::ExifTool::BZZ;
+    my $buff = Image::ExifTool::BZZ::Decode($$dirInfo{DataPt});
+    unless (defined $buff) {
+        $exifTool->Warn("Error decoding $$dirInfo{DirName}");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    my $verbose = $exifTool->Options('Verbose');
+    if ($verbose >= 3) {
+        # dump the decoded data in very verbose mode
+        $exifTool->VerboseDir("Decoded $$dirInfo{DirName}", 0, length $buff);
+        $exifTool->VerboseDump(\$buff);
+    }
+    $$dirInfo{DataPt} = \$buff;
+    $$dirInfo{DataLen} = $$dirInfo{DirLen} = length $buff;
+    # process the data using the default process proc for this table
+    my $processProc = $$tagTablePtr{PROCESS_PROC} or return 0;
+    return &$processProc($exifTool, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr);
+}
+
+1;  # end
+
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Image::ExifTool::DjVu - Read DjVu meta information
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+This module is used by Image::ExifTool
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module contains definitions required by Image::ExifTool to extract meta
+information from DjVu images.  Parsing of the DjVu IFF structure is done by
+Image::ExifTool::AIFF.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Copyright 2003-2013, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=head1 REFERENCES
+
+=over 4
+
+=item L<http://djvu.sourceforge.net/>
+
+=item L<http://www.djvu.org/>
+
+=back
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames/DjVu Tags>,
+L<Image::ExifTool::AIFF(3pm)|Image::ExifTool::AIFF>,
+L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>
+
+=cut
+

data/vendor/Image-ExifTool-9.27/lib/Image/ExifTool/EXE.pm

@@ -0,0 +1,1228 @@
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# File:         EXE.pm
+#
+# Description:  Read meta information of various executable file formats
+#
+# Revisions:    2008/08/28 - P. Harvey Created
+#               2011/07/12 - P. Harvey Added CHM (ok, not EXE, but it fits here)
+#
+# References:   1) http://www.openwatcom.org/ftp/devel/docs/pecoff.pdf
+#               2) http://support.microsoft.com/kb/65122
+#               3) http://www.opensource.apple.com
+#               4) http://www.skyfree.org/linux/references/ELF_Format.pdf
+#               5) http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms809762.aspx
+#               6) http://code.google.com/p/pefile/
+#               7) http://www.codeproject.com/KB/DLL/showver.aspx
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+package Image::ExifTool::EXE;
+
+use strict;
+use vars qw($VERSION);
+use Image::ExifTool qw(:DataAccess :Utils);
+
+$VERSION = '1.06';
+
+sub ProcessPEResources($$);
+sub ProcessPEVersion($$);
+
+# PE file resource types (ref 6)
+my %resourceType = (
+    1 => 'Cursor',
+    2 => 'Bitmap',
+    3 => 'Icon',
+    4 => 'Menu',
+    5 => 'Dialog',
+    6 => 'String',
+    7 => 'Font Dir',
+    8 => 'Font',
+    9 => 'Accelerator',
+    10 => 'RC Data',
+    11 => 'Message Table',
+    12 => 'Group Cursor',
+    14 => 'Group Icon',
+    16 => 'Version',
+    17 => 'Dialog Include',
+    19 => 'Plug-n-Play',
+    20 => 'VxD',
+    21 => 'Animated Cursor',
+    22 => 'Animated Icon',
+    23 => 'HTML',
+    24 => 'Manifest',
+);
+
+my %languageCode = (
+    '0000' => 'Neutral',
+    '007F' => 'Invariant',
+    '0400' => 'Process default',
+    '0401' => 'Arabic',
+    '0402' => 'Bulgarian',
+    '0403' => 'Catalan',
+    '0404' => 'Chinese (Traditional)',
+    '0405' => 'Czech',
+    '0406' => 'Danish',
+    '0407' => 'German',
+    '0408' => 'Greek',
+    '0409' => 'English (U.S.)',
+    '040A' => 'Spanish (Castilian)',
+    '040B' => 'Finnish',
+    '040C' => 'French',
+    '040D' => 'Hebrew',
+    '040E' => 'Hungarian',
+    '040F' => 'Icelandic',
+    '0410' => 'Italian',
+    '0411' => 'Japanese',
+    '0412' => 'Korean',
+    '0413' => 'Dutch',
+    '0414' => 'Norwegian (Bokml)',
+    '0415' => 'Polish',
+    '0416' => 'Portuguese (Brazilian)',
+    '0417' => 'Rhaeto-Romanic',
+    '0418' => 'Romanian',
+    '0419' => 'Russian',
+    '041A' => 'Croato-Serbian (Latin)',
+    '041B' => 'Slovak',
+    '041C' => 'Albanian',
+    '041D' => 'Swedish',
+    '041E' => 'Thai',
+    '041F' => 'Turkish',
+    '0420' => 'Urdu',
+    # 0421-0493 ref 6
+    '0421' => 'Indonesian',
+    '0422' => 'Ukrainian',
+    '0423' => 'Belarusian',
+    '0424' => 'Slovenian',
+    '0425' => 'Estonian',
+    '0426' => 'Latvian',
+    '0427' => 'Lithuanian',
+    '0428' => 'Maori',
+    '0429' => 'Farsi',
+    '042a' => 'Vietnamese',
+    '042b' => 'Armenian',
+    '042c' => 'Azeri',
+    '042d' => 'Basque',
+    '042e' => 'Sorbian',
+    '042f' => 'Macedonian',
+    '0430' => 'Sutu',
+    '0431' => 'Tsonga',
+    '0432' => 'Tswana',
+    '0433' => 'Venda',
+    '0434' => 'Xhosa',
+    '0435' => 'Zulu',
+    '0436' => 'Afrikaans',
+    '0437' => 'Georgian',
+    '0438' => 'Faeroese',
+    '0439' => 'Hindi',
+    '043a' => 'Maltese',
+    '043b' => 'Saami',
+    '043c' => 'Gaelic',
+    '043e' => 'Malay',
+    '043f' => 'Kazak',
+    '0440' => 'Kyrgyz',
+    '0441' => 'Swahili',
+    '0443' => 'Uzbek',
+    '0444' => 'Tatar',
+    '0445' => 'Bengali',
+    '0446' => 'Punjabi',
+    '0447' => 'Gujarati',
+    '0448' => 'Oriya',
+    '0449' => 'Tamil',
+    '044a' => 'Telugu',
+    '044b' => 'Kannada',
+    '044c' => 'Malayalam',
+    '044d' => 'Assamese',
+    '044e' => 'Marathi',
+    '044f' => 'Sanskrit',
+    '0450' => 'Mongolian',
+    '0456' => 'Galician',
+    '0457' => 'Konkani',
+    '0458' => 'Manipuri',
+    '0459' => 'Sindhi',
+    '045a' => 'Syriac',
+    '0460' => 'Kashmiri',
+    '0461' => 'Nepali',
+    '0465' => 'Divehi',
+    '047f' => 'Invariant',
+    '048f' => 'Esperanto',
+    '0490' => 'Walon',
+    '0491' => 'Cornish',
+    '0492' => 'Welsh',
+    '0493' => 'Breton',
+    '0800' => 'Neutral 2',
+    '0804' => 'Chinese (Simplified)',
+    '0807' => 'German (Swiss)',
+    '0809' => 'English (British)',
+    '080A' => 'Spanish (Mexican)',
+    '080C' => 'French (Belgian)',
+    '0810' => 'Italian (Swiss)',
+    '0813' => 'Dutch (Belgian)',
+    '0814' => 'Norwegian (Nynorsk)',
+    '0816' => 'Portuguese',
+    '081A' => 'Serbo-Croatian (Cyrillic)',
+    '0C07' => 'German (Austrian)',
+    '0C09' => 'English (Australian)',
+    '0C0A' => 'Spanish (Modern)',
+    '0C0C' => 'French (Canadian)',
+    '1009' => 'English (Canadian)',
+    '100C' => 'French (Swiss)',
+);
+
+# Information extracted from PE COFF (Windows EXE) file header
+%Image::ExifTool::EXE::Main = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Other' },
+    FORMAT => 'int16u',
+    NOTES => q{
+        This module extracts information from various types of Windows, MacOS and
+        Unix executable and library files.  The first table below lists information
+        extracted from the header of Windows PE (Portable Executable) EXE files and
+        DLL libraries.
+    },
+    0 => {
+        Name => 'MachineType',
+        PrintHex => 1,
+        PrintConv => {
+            0x014c => 'Intel 386 or later, and compatibles',
+            0x014d => 'Intel i860', #5
+            0x0162 => 'MIPS R3000',
+            0x0166 => 'MIPS little endian (R4000)',
+            0x0168 => 'MIPS R10000',
+            0x0169 => 'MIPS little endian WCI v2',
+            0x0183 => 'Alpha AXP (old)', #5
+            0x0184 => 'Alpha AXP',
+            0x01a2 => 'Hitachi SH3',
+            0x01a3 => 'Hitachi SH3 DSP',
+            0x01a6 => 'Hitachi SH4',
+            0x01a8 => 'Hitachi SH5',
+            0x01c0 => 'ARM little endian',
+            0x01c2 => 'Thumb',
+            0x01d3 => 'Matsushita AM33',
+            0x01f0 => 'PowerPC little endian',
+            0x01f1 => 'PowerPC with floating point support',
+            0x0200 => 'Intel IA64',
+            0x0266 => 'MIPS16',
+            0x0268 => 'Motorola 68000 series',
+            0x0284 => 'Alpha AXP 64-bit',
+            0x0366 => 'MIPS with FPU',
+            0x0466 => 'MIPS16 with FPU',
+            0x0ebc => 'EFI Byte Code',
+            0x8664 => 'AMD AMD64',
+            0x9041 => 'Mitsubishi M32R little endian',
+            0xc0ee => 'clr pure MSIL',
+        },
+    },
+    2 => {
+        Name => 'TimeStamp',
+        Format => 'int32u',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
+        ValueConv => 'ConvertUnixTime($val,1)',
+        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
+    },
+    10 => {
+        Name => 'PEType',
+        PrintHex => 1,
+        PrintConv => {
+            0x10b => 'PE32',
+            0x20b => 'PE32+',
+        },
+    },
+    11 => {
+        Name => 'LinkerVersion',
+        Format => 'int8u[2]',
+        ValueConv => '$val=~tr/ /./; $val',
+    },
+    12 => {
+        Name => 'CodeSize',
+        Format => 'int32u',
+    },
+    14 => {
+        Name => 'InitializedDataSize',
+        Format => 'int32u',
+    },
+    16 => {
+        Name => 'UninitializedDataSize',
+        Format => 'int32u',
+    },
+    18 => {
+        Name => 'EntryPoint',
+        Format => 'int32u',
+        PrintConv => 'sprintf("0x%.4x", $val)',
+    },
+    30 => {
+        Name => 'OSVersion',
+        Format => 'int16u[2]',
+        ValueConv => '$val=~tr/ /./; $val',
+    },
+    32 => {
+        Name => 'ImageVersion',
+        Format => 'int16u[2]',
+        ValueConv => '$val=~tr/ /./; $val',
+    },
+    34 => {
+        Name => 'SubsystemVersion',
+        Format => 'int16u[2]',
+        ValueConv => '$val=~tr/ /./; $val',
+    },
+    44 => {
+        Name => 'Subsystem',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Unknown',
+            1 => 'Native',
+            2 => 'Windows GUI',
+            3 => 'Windows command line',
+            5 => 'OS/2 command line', #5
+            7 => 'POSIX command line',
+            9 => 'Windows CE GUI',
+            10 => 'EFI application',
+            11 => 'EFI boot service',
+            12 => 'EFI runtime driver',
+            13 => 'EFI ROM', #6
+            14 => 'XBOX', #6
+        },
+    },
+);
+
+# PE file version information (ref 6)
+%Image::ExifTool::EXE::PEVersion = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Other' },
+    FORMAT => 'int32u',
+    NOTES => q{
+        Information extracted from the VS_VERSION_INFO structure of Windows PE
+        files.
+    },
+    # (boring -- always 0xfeef04bd)
+    #0 => {
+    #    Name => 'Signature',
+    #    PrintConv => 'sprintf("0x%.4x",$val)',
+    #},
+    # (boring -- always 1.0)
+    #1 => {
+    #    Name => 'StructVersion',
+    #    Format => 'int16u[2]',
+    #    ValueConv => 'my @a=split(" ",$val); "$a[1].$a[0]"',
+    #},
+    2 => {
+        Name => 'FileVersionNumber',
+        Format => 'int16u[4]',
+        ValueConv => 'my @a=split(" ",$val); "$a[1].$a[0].$a[3].$a[2]"',
+    },
+    4 => {
+        Name => 'ProductVersionNumber',
+        Format => 'int16u[4]',
+        ValueConv => 'my @a=split(" ",$val); "$a[1].$a[0].$a[3].$a[2]"',
+    },
+    6 => {
+        Name => 'FileFlagsMask',
+        PrintConv => 'sprintf("0x%.4x",$val)',
+    },
+    7 => { # ref Cygwin /usr/include/w32api/winver.h
+        Name => 'FileFlags',
+        PrintConv => { BITMASK => {
+            0 => 'Debug',
+            1 => 'Pre-release',
+            2 => 'Patched',
+            3 => 'Private build',
+            4 => 'Info inferred',
+            5 => 'Special build',
+        }},
+    },
+    8 => {
+        Name => 'FileOS',
+        PrintHex => 1,
+        PrintConv => { # ref Cygwin /usr/include/w32api/winver.h
+            0x00001 => 'Win16',
+            0x00002 => 'PM-16',
+            0x00003 => 'PM-32',
+            0x00004 => 'Win32',
+            0x10000 => 'DOS',
+            0x20000 => 'OS/2 16-bit',
+            0x30000 => 'OS/2 32-bit',
+            0x40000 => 'Windows NT',
+            0x10001 => 'Windows 16-bit',
+            0x10004 => 'Windows 32-bit',
+            0x20002 => 'OS/2 16-bit PM-16',
+            0x30003 => 'OS/2 32-bit PM-32',
+            0x40004 => 'Windows NT 32-bit',
+        },
+    },
+    9 => { # ref Cygwin /usr/include/w32api/winver.h
+        Name => 'ObjectFileType',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Unknown',
+            1 => 'Executable application',
+            2 => 'Dynamic link library',
+            3 => 'Driver',
+            4 => 'Font',
+            5 => 'VxD',
+            7 => 'Static library',
+        },
+    },
+    10 => 'FileSubtype',
+    # (these are usually zero, so ignore them)
+    # 11 => 'FileDateMS',
+    # 12 => 'FileDateLS',
+);
+
+# Windows PE StringFileInfo resource strings
+# (see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa381049.aspx)
+%Image::ExifTool::EXE::PEString = (
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Other' },
+    VARS => { NO_ID => 1 },
+    NOTES => q{
+        Resource strings found in Windows PE files.  The B<TagID>'s are not shown
+        because they are the same as the B<Tag Name>.  ExifTool will extract any
+        existing StringFileInfo tags even if not listed in this table.
+    },
+    LanguageCode => {
+        Notes => 'extracted from the StringFileInfo value',
+        # ref http://techsupt.winbatch.com/TS/T000001050F49.html
+        # (also see http://support.bigfix.com/fixlet/documents/WinInspectors-2006-08-10.pdf)
+        # (also see ftp://ftp.dyu.edu.tw/pub/cpatch/faq/tech/tech_nlsnt.txt)
+        # (not a complete set)
+        PrintString => 1,
+        SeparateTable => 1,
+        PrintConv => \%languageCode,
+    },
+    CharacterSet => {
+        Notes => 'extracted from the StringFileInfo value',
+        # ref http://techsupt.winbatch.com/TS/T000001050F49.html
+        # (also see http://blog.chinaunix.net/u1/41189/showart_345768.html)
+        PrintString => 1,
+        PrintConv => {
+            '0000' => 'ASCII',
+            '03A4' => 'Windows, Japan (Shift - JIS X-0208)', # cp932
+            '03A8' => 'Windows, Chinese (Simplified)', # cp936
+            '03B5' => 'Windows, Korea (Shift - KSC 5601)', # cp949
+            '03B6' => 'Windows, Taiwan (Big5)', # cp950
+            '04B0' => 'Unicode', # UCS-2
+            '04E2' => 'Windows, Latin2 (Eastern European)',
+            '04E3' => 'Windows, Cyrillic',
+            '04E4' => 'Windows, Latin1',
+            '04E5' => 'Windows, Greek',
+            '04E6' => 'Windows, Turkish',
+            '04E7' => 'Windows, Hebrew',
+            '04E8' => 'Windows, Arabic',
+        },
+    },
+    BuildDate       => { Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } }, # (non-standard)
+    BuildVersion    => { }, # (non-standard)
+    Comments        => { },
+    CompanyName     => { },
+    Copyright       => { }, # (non-standard)
+    FileDescription => { },
+    FileVersion     => { },
+    InternalName    => { },
+    LegalCopyright  => { },
+    LegalTrademarks => { },
+    OriginalFilename=> { },
+    PrivateBuild    => { },
+    ProductName     => { },
+    ProductVersion  => { },
+    SpecialBuild    => { },
+);
+
+# Information extracted from Mach-O (Mac OS X) file header
+%Image::ExifTool::EXE::MachO = (
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Other' },
+    VARS => { ID_LABEL => 'Index' },
+    NOTES => q{
+        Information extracted from Mach-O (Mac OS X) executable files and DYLIB
+        libraries.
+    },
+    # ref http://www.opensource.apple.com/darwinsource/DevToolsOct2007/cctools-622.9/include/mach/machine.h
+    0 => 'CPUArchitecture',
+    1 => 'CPUByteOrder',
+    2 => 'CPUCount',
+    # ref /System/Library/Frameworks/Kernel.framework/Versions/A/Headers/mach/machine.h
+    3 => {
+        Name => 'CPUType',
+        List => 1,
+        PrintConv => {
+            # handle 64-bit flag (0x1000000)
+            OTHER => sub {
+                my ($val, $inv, $conv) = @_;
+                my $v = $val & 0xfeffffff;
+                return $$conv{$v} ? "$$conv{$v} 64-bit" : "Unknown ($val)";
+            },
+            -1 => 'Any',
+            1 => 'VAX',
+            2 => 'ROMP',
+            4 => 'NS32032',
+            5 => 'NS32332',
+            6 => 'MC680x0',
+            7 => 'x86',
+            8 => 'MIPS',
+            9 => 'NS32532',
+            10 => 'MC98000',
+            11 => 'HPPA',
+            12 => 'ARM',
+            13 => 'MC88000',
+            14 => 'SPARC',
+            15 => 'i860 big endian',
+            16 => 'i860 little endian',
+            17 => 'RS6000',
+            18 => 'PowerPC',
+            255 => 'VEO',
+        },
+    },
+    # ref /System/Library/Frameworks/Kernel.framework/Versions/A/Headers/mach/machine.h
+    4 => {
+        Name => 'CPUSubtype',
+        List => 1,
+        PrintConv => {
+            # handle 64-bit flags on CPUType (0x1000000) and CPUSubtype (0x80000000)
+            OTHER => sub {
+                my ($val, $inv, $conv) = @_;
+                my @v = split ' ', $val;
+                my $v = ($v[0] & 0xfeffffff) . ' ' . ($v[1] & 0x7fffffff);
+                return $$conv{$v} ? "$$conv{$v} 64-bit" : "Unknown ($val)";
+            },
+            # in theory, subtype can be -1 for multiple CPU types,
+            # but in practice I'm not sure anyone uses this - PH
+            '1 0' => 'VAX (all)',
+            '1 1' => 'VAX780',
+            '1 2' => 'VAX785',
+            '1 3' => 'VAX750',
+            '1 4' => 'VAX730',
+            '1 5' => 'UVAXI',
+            '1 6' => 'UVAXII',
+            '1 7' => 'VAX8200',
+            '1 8' => 'VAX8500',
+            '1 9' => 'VAX8600',
+            '1 10' => 'VAX8650',
+            '1 11' => 'VAX8800',
+            '1 12' => 'UVAXIII',
+            '2 0' => 'RT (all)',
+            '2 1' => 'RT PC',
+            '2 2' => 'RT APC',
+            '2 3' => 'RT 135',
+            # 32032/32332/32532 subtypes.
+            '4 0' => 'NS32032 (all)',
+            '4 1' => 'NS32032 DPC (032 CPU)',
+            '4 2' => 'NS32032 SQT',
+            '4 3' => 'NS32032 APC FPU (32081)',
+            '4 4' => 'NS32032 APC FPA (Weitek)',
+            '4 5' => 'NS32032 XPC (532)',
+            '5 0' => 'NS32332 (all)',
+            '5 1' => 'NS32332 DPC (032 CPU)',
+            '5 2' => 'NS32332 SQT',
+            '5 3' => 'NS32332 APC FPU (32081)',
+            '5 4' => 'NS32332 APC FPA (Weitek)',
+            '5 5' => 'NS32332 XPC (532)',
+            '6 1' => 'MC680x0 (all)',
+            '6 2' => 'MC68040',
+            '6 3' => 'MC68030',
+            '7 3' => 'i386 (all)',
+            '7 4' => 'i486',
+            '7 132' => 'i486SX',
+            '7 5' => 'i586',
+            '7 22' => 'Pentium Pro',
+            '7 54' => 'Pentium II M3',
+            '7 86' => 'Pentium II M5',
+            '7 103' => 'Celeron',
+            '7 119' => 'Celeron Mobile',
+            '7 8' => 'Pentium III',
+            '7 24' => 'Pentium III M',
+            '7 40' => 'Pentium III Xeon',
+            '7 9' => 'Pentium M',
+            '7 10' => 'Pentium 4',
+            '7 26' => 'Pentium 4 M',
+            '7 11' => 'Itanium',
+            '7 27' => 'Itanium 2',
+            '7 12' => 'Xeon',
+            '7 28' => 'Xeon MP',
+            '8 0' => 'MIPS (all)',
+            '8 1' => 'MIPS R2300',
+            '8 2' => 'MIPS R2600',
+            '8 3' => 'MIPS R2800',
+            '8 4' => 'MIPS R2000a',
+            '8 5' => 'MIPS R2000',
+            '8 6' => 'MIPS R3000a',
+            '8 7' => 'MIPS R3000',
+            '10 0' => 'MC98000 (all)',
+            '10 1' => 'MC98601',
+            '11 0' => 'HPPA (all)',
+            '11 1' => 'HPPA 7100LC',
+            '12 0' => 'ARM (all)',
+            '12 1' => 'ARM A500 ARCH',
+            '12 2' => 'ARM A500',
+            '12 3' => 'ARM A440',
+            '12 4' => 'ARM M4',
+            '12 5' => 'ARM A680/V4T',
+            '12 6' => 'ARM V6',
+            '12 7' => 'ARM V5TEJ',
+            '12 8' => 'ARM XSCALE',
+            '12 9' => 'ARM V7',
+            '13 0' => 'MC88000 (all)',
+            '13 1' => 'MC88100',
+            '13 2' => 'MC88110',
+            '14 0' => 'SPARC (all)',
+            '14 1' => 'SUN 4/260',
+            '14 2' => 'SUN 4/110',
+            '15 0' => 'i860 (all)',
+            '15 1' => 'i860 860',
+            '16 0' => 'i860 little (all)',
+            '16 1' => 'i860 little',
+            '17 0' => 'RS6000 (all)',
+            '17 1' => 'RS6000',
+            '18 0' => 'PowerPC (all)',
+            '18 1' => 'PowerPC 601',
+            '18 2' => 'PowerPC 602',
+            '18 3' => 'PowerPC 603',
+            '18 4' => 'PowerPC 603e',
+            '18 5' => 'PowerPC 603ev',
+            '18 6' => 'PowerPC 604',
+            '18 7' => 'PowerPC 604e',
+            '18 8' => 'PowerPC 620',
+            '18 9' => 'PowerPC 750',
+            '18 10' => 'PowerPC 7400',
+            '18 11' => 'PowerPC 7450',
+            '18 100' => 'PowerPC 970',
+            '255 1' => 'VEO 1',
+            '255 2' => 'VEO 2',
+        },
+    },
+    5 => {
+        Name => 'ObjectFileType',
+        PrintHex => 1,
+        # ref https://svn.red-bean.com/pyobjc/branches/pyobjc-20x-branch/macholib/macholib/mach_o.py
+        PrintConv => {
+           -1 => 'Static library', #PH (internal use only)
+            1 => 'Relocatable object',
+            2 => 'Demand paged executable',
+            3 => 'Fixed VM shared library',
+            4 => 'Core',
+            5 => 'Preloaded executable',
+            6 => 'Dynamically bound shared library',
+            7 => 'Dynamic link editor',
+            8 => 'Dynamically bound bundle',
+            9 => 'Shared library stub for static linking',
+        },
+    },
+);
+
+# Information extracted from PEF (Classic MacOS executable) file header
+%Image::ExifTool::EXE::PEF = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Other' },
+    NOTES => q{
+        Information extracted from PEF (Classic MacOS) executable files and
+        libraries.
+    },
+    FORMAT => 'int32u',
+    2 => {
+        Name => 'CPUArchitecture',
+        Format => 'undef[4]',
+        PrintConv => {
+            pwpc => 'PowerPC',
+            m68k => '68000',
+        },
+    },
+    3 => 'PEFVersion',
+    4 => {
+        Name => 'TimeStamp',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
+        # timestamp is relative to Jan 1, 1904
+        ValueConv => 'ConvertUnixTime($val - ((66 * 365 + 17) * 24 * 3600))',
+        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
+    },
+    #5 => 'OldDefVersion',
+    #6 => 'OldImpVersion',
+    #7 => 'CurrentVersion',
+);
+
+# Information extracted from ELF (Unix executable) file header
+%Image::ExifTool::EXE::ELF = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Other' },
+    NOTES => q{
+        Information extracted from ELF (Unix) executable files and SO libraries.
+    },
+    4 => {
+        Name => 'CPUArchitecture',
+        PrintConv => {
+            1 => '32 bit',
+            2 => '64 bit',
+        },
+    },
+    5 => {
+        Name => 'CPUByteOrder',
+        PrintConv => {
+            1 => 'Little endian',
+            2 => 'Big endian',
+        },
+    },
+    16 => {
+        Name => 'ObjectFileType',
+        Format => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'None',
+            1 => 'Relocatable file',
+            2 => 'Executable file',
+            3 => 'Shared object file',
+            4 => 'Core file',
+        },
+    },
+    18 => {
+        Name => 'CPUType',
+        Format => 'int16u',
+        # ref /usr/include/linux/elf-em.h
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'None',
+            1 => 'AT&T WE 32100',
+            2 => 'SPARC',
+            3 => 'i386',
+            4 => 'Motorola 68000',
+            5 => 'Motorola 88000',
+            6 => 'i486',
+            7 => 'i860',
+            8 => 'MIPS R3000',
+            10 => 'MIPS R4000',
+            15 => 'HPPA',
+            18 => 'Sun v8plus',
+            20 => 'PowerPC',
+            21 => 'PowerPC 64-bit',
+            22 => 'IBM S/390',
+            23 => 'Cell BE SPU',
+            42 => 'SuperH',
+            43 => 'SPARC v9 64-bit',
+            46 => 'Renesas H8/300,300H,H8S',
+            50 => 'HP/Intel IA-64',
+            62 => 'AMD x86-64',
+            76 => 'Axis Communications 32-bit embedded processor',
+            87 => 'NEC v850',
+            88 => 'Renesas M32R',
+            0x5441 => 'Fujitsu FR-V',
+            0x9026 => 'Alpha', # (interim value)
+            0x9041 => 'm32r (old)',
+            0x9080 => 'v850 (old)',
+            0xa390 => 'S/390 (old)',
+        },
+    },
+);
+
+# Microsoft compiled help format (ref http://www.russotto.net/chm/chmformat.html)
+%Image::ExifTool::EXE::CHM = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Other' },
+    NOTES => 'Tags extracted from Microsoft Compiled HTML files.',
+    FORMAT => 'int32u',
+    1 => { Name => 'CHMVersion' },
+    # 2 - total header length
+    # 3 - 1
+    # 4 - low bits of date/time value plus 42 (ref http://www.nongnu.org/chmspec/latest/ITSF.html)
+    5 => {
+        Name => 'LanguageCode',
+        SeparateTable => 1,
+        ValueConv => 'sprintf("%.4X", $val)',
+        PrintConv => \%languageCode,
+    },
+);
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Extract information from a CHM file
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) dirInfo reference
+# Returns: 1 on success, 0 if this wasn't a valid CHM file
+sub ProcessCHM($$)
+{
+    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo) = @_;
+    my $raf = $$dirInfo{RAF};
+    my $buff;
+
+    return 0 unless $raf->Read($buff, 56) == 56 and
+        $buff =~ /^ITSF.{20}\x10\xfd\x01\x7c\xaa\x7b\xd0\x11\x9e\x0c\0\xa0\xc9\x22\xe6\xec/s;
+    my $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::EXE::CHM');
+    $exifTool->SetFileType();
+    SetByteOrder('II');
+    $exifTool->ProcessDirectory({ DataPt => \$buff }, $tagTablePtr);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Read Unicode string (null terminated) from resource
+# Inputs: 0) data ref, 1) start offset, 2) optional ExifTool object ref
+# Returns: 0) Unicode string translated to UTF8, or current CharSet with ExifTool ref
+#          1) end pos (rounded up to nearest 4 bytes)
+sub ReadUnicodeStr($$;$)
+{
+    my ($dataPt, $pos, $exifTool) = @_;
+    my $len = length $$dataPt;
+    my $str = '';
+    while ($pos + 2 <= $len) {
+        my $ch = substr($$dataPt, $pos, 2);
+        $pos += 2;
+        last if $ch eq "\0\0";
+        $str .= $ch;
+    }
+    $pos += 2 if $pos & 0x03;
+    my $to = $exifTool ? $exifTool->Options('Charset') : 'UTF8';
+    return (Image::ExifTool::Decode(undef,$str,'UCS2','II',$to), $pos);
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Process Windows PE Version Resource
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) dirInfo ref
+# Returns: true on success
+sub ProcessPEVersion($$)
+{
+    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo) = @_;
+    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
+    my $pos = $$dirInfo{DirStart};
+    my $end = $pos + $$dirInfo{DirLen};
+    my ($index, $len, $valLen, $type, $string, $strEnd);
+
+    # get VS_VERSION_INFO
+    for ($index = 0; ; ++$index) {
+        $pos = ($pos + 3) & 0xfffffffc;  # align on a 4-byte boundary
+        last if $pos + 6 > $end;
+        $len = Get16u($dataPt, $pos);
+        $valLen = Get16u($dataPt, $pos + 2);
+        $type = Get16u($dataPt, $pos + 4);
+        return 0 unless $len or $valLen;  # prevent possible infinite loop
+        ($string, $strEnd) = ReadUnicodeStr($dataPt, $pos + 6);
+        return 0 if $strEnd + $valLen > $end;
+        unless ($index or $string eq 'VS_VERSION_INFO') {
+            $exifTool->Warn('Invalid Version Info block');
+            return 0;
+        }
+        if ($string eq 'VS_VERSION_INFO') {
+            # parse the fixed version info
+            $$dirInfo{DirStart} = $strEnd;
+            $$dirInfo{DirLen} = $valLen;
+            my $subTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::EXE::PEVersion');
+            $exifTool->ProcessDirectory($dirInfo, $subTablePtr);
+            $pos = $strEnd + $valLen;
+        } elsif ($string eq 'StringFileInfo' and $valLen == 0) {
+            $pos += $len;
+            my $pt = $strEnd;
+            # parse string table
+            my $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::EXE::PEString');
+            for ($index = 0; $pt + 6 < $pos; ++$index) {
+                $len = Get16u($dataPt, $pt);
+                $valLen = Get16u($dataPt, $pt + 2);
+                # $type = Get16u($dataPt, $pt + 4);
+                # get tag ID (converted to UTF8)
+                ($string, $pt) = ReadUnicodeStr($dataPt, $pt + 6);
+                unless ($index) {
+                    # separate the language code and character set
+                    # (not sure what the CharacterSet tag is for, but the string
+                    # values stored here are UCS-2 in all my files even if the
+                    # CharacterSet is otherwise)
+                    my $char;
+                    if (length($string) > 4) {
+                        $char = substr($string, 4);
+                        $string = substr($string, 0, 4);
+                    }
+                    $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 'LanguageCode', uc $string);
+                    $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 'CharacterSet', uc $char) if $char;
+                    next;
+                }
+                my $tag = $string;
+                # create entry in tag table if it doesn't already exist
+                unless ($$tagTablePtr{$tag}) {
+                    my $name = $tag;
+                    $name =~ tr/-_a-zA-Z0-9//dc; # remove illegal characters
+                    next unless length $name;
+                    AddTagToTable($tagTablePtr, $tag, { Name => $name });
+                }
+                # get tag value (converted to current Charset)
+                if ($valLen) {
+                    ($string, $pt) = ReadUnicodeStr($dataPt, $pt, $exifTool);
+                } else {
+                    $string = '';
+                }
+                $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $tag, $string);
+            }
+        } else {
+            $pos += $len + $valLen;
+            # ignore other information (for now)
+        }
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Process Windows PE Resources
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) dirInfo ref
+# Returns: true on success
+sub ProcessPEResources($$)
+{
+    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo) = @_;
+    my $raf = $$dirInfo{RAF};
+    my $base = $$dirInfo{Base};
+    my $dirStart = $$dirInfo{DirStart} + $base;
+    my $level = $$dirInfo{Level} || 0;
+    my $verbose = $exifTool->Options('Verbose');
+    my ($buff, $buf2, $item);
+
+    return 0 if $level > 10;    # protect against deep recursion
+    # read the resource header
+    $raf->Seek($dirStart, 0) and $raf->Read($buff, 16) == 16 or return 0;
+    my $nameEntries = Get16u(\$buff, 12);
+    my $idEntries = Get16u(\$buff, 14);
+    my $count = $nameEntries + $idEntries;
+    $raf->Read($buff, $count * 8) == $count * 8 or return 0;
+    # loop through all resource entries
+    for ($item=0; $item<$count; ++$item) {
+        my $pos = $item * 8;
+        my $name = Get32u(\$buff, $pos);
+        my $entryPos = Get32u(\$buff, $pos + 4);
+        unless ($level) {
+            # set resource type if this is the 0th level directory
+            my $resType = $resourceType{$name} || sprintf('Unknown (0x%x)', $name);
+            # ignore everything but the Version resource unless verbose
+            if ($verbose) {
+                $exifTool->VPrint(0, "$resType resource:\n");
+            } else {
+                next unless $resType eq 'Version';
+            }
+            $$dirInfo{ResType} = $resType;
+        }
+        if ($entryPos & 0x80000000) { # is this a directory?
+            # descend into next directory level
+            $$dirInfo{DirStart} = $entryPos & 0x7fffffff;
+            $$dirInfo{Level} = $level + 1;
+            ProcessPEResources($exifTool, $dirInfo) or return 0;
+            --$$dirInfo{Level};
+        } elsif ($$dirInfo{ResType} eq 'Version' and $level == 2 and
+            not $$dirInfo{GotVersion}) # (only process first Version resource)
+        {
+            # get position of this resource in the file
+            my $buf2;
+            $raf->Seek($entryPos + $base, 0) and $raf->Read($buf2, 16) == 16 or return 0;
+            my $off = Get32u(\$buf2, 0);
+            my $len = Get32u(\$buf2, 4);
+            # determine which section this is in so we can convert the virtual address
+            my ($section, $filePos);
+            foreach $section (@{$$dirInfo{Sections}}) {
+                next unless $off >= $$section{VirtualAddress} and
+                            $off <  $$section{VirtualAddress} + $$section{Size};
+                $filePos = $off + $$section{Base} - $$section{VirtualAddress};
+                last;
+            }
+            return 0 unless $filePos;
+            $raf->Seek($filePos, 0) and $raf->Read($buf2, $len) == $len or return 0;
+            ProcessPEVersion($exifTool, {
+                DataPt   => \$buf2,
+                DataLen  => $len,
+                DirStart => 0,
+                DirLen   => $len,
+            }) or $exifTool->Warn('Possibly corrupt Version resource');
+            $$dirInfo{GotVersion} = 1;  # set flag so we don't do this again
+        }
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Process Windows PE file data dictionary
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) dirInfo ref
+# Returns: true on success
+sub ProcessPEDict($$)
+{
+    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo) = @_;
+    my $raf = $$dirInfo{RAF};
+    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
+    my $dirLen = length($$dataPt);
+    my ($pos, @sections, %dirInfo);
+
+    # loop through all sections
+    for ($pos=0; $pos+40<=$dirLen; $pos+=40) {
+        my $name = substr($$dataPt, $pos, 8);
+        my $va = Get32u($dataPt, $pos + 12);
+        my $size = Get32u($dataPt, $pos + 16);
+        my $offset = Get32u($dataPt, $pos + 20);
+        # remember the section offsets for the VirtualAddress lookup later
+        push @sections, { Base => $offset, Size => $size, VirtualAddress => $va };
+        # save details of the first resource section
+        %dirInfo = (
+            RAF      => $raf,
+            Base     => $offset,
+            DirStart => 0,   # (relative to Base)
+            DirLen   => $size,
+            Sections => \@sections,
+        ) if $name eq ".rsrc\0\0\0" and not %dirInfo;
+    }
+    # process the first resource section
+    ProcessPEResources($exifTool, \%dirInfo) or return 0 if %dirInfo;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Extract information from an EXE file
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) dirInfo reference
+# Returns: 1 on success, 0 if this wasn't a valid EXE file
+sub ProcessEXE($$)
+{
+    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo) = @_;
+    my $raf = $$dirInfo{RAF};
+    my ($buff, $buf2, $type, $tagTablePtr, %dirInfo);
+
+    my $size = $raf->Read($buff, 0x40) or return 0;
+#
+# DOS and Windows EXE
+#
+    if ($buff =~ /^MZ/ and $size == 0x40) {
+        # DOS/Windows executable
+        # validate DOS header
+        # (ref http://www.delphidabbler.com/articles?article=8&part=2)
+        #   0  magic   : int16u    # Magic number ("MZ")
+        #   2  cblp    : int16u    # Bytes on last page of file
+        #   4  cp      : int16u    # Pages in file
+        #   6  crlc    : int16u    # Relocations
+        #   8  cparhdr : int16u    # Size of header in paragraphs
+        #  10  minalloc: int16u    # Minimum extra paragraphs needed
+        #  12  maxalloc: int16u    # Maximum extra paragraphs needed
+        #  14  ss      : int16u    # Initial (relative) SS value
+        #  16  sp      : int16u    # Initial SP value
+        #  18  csum    : int16u    # Checksum
+        #  20  ip      : int16u    # Initial IP value
+        #  22  cs      : int16u    # Initial (relative) CS value
+        #  24  lfarlc  : int16u    # Address of relocation table
+        #  26  ovno    : int16u    # Overlay number
+        #  28  res     : int16u[4] # Reserved words
+        #  36  oemid   : int16u    # OEM identifier (for oeminfo)
+        #  38  oeminfo : int16u    # OEM info; oemid specific
+        #  40  res2    : int16u[10]# Reserved words
+        #  60  lfanew  : int32u;   # File address of new exe header
+        SetByteOrder('II');
+        my ($cblp, $cp, $lfarlc, $lfanew) = unpack('x2v2x18vx34V', $buff);
+        my $fileSize = ($cp - ($cblp ? 1 : 0)) * 512 + $cblp;
+        #(patch to accommodate observed 64-bit files)
+        #return 0 if $fileSize < 0x40 or $fileSize < $lfarlc;
+        return 0 if $fileSize < 0x40;
+        # read the Windows NE, PE or LE (virtual device driver) header
+        #if ($lfarlc == 0x40 and $fileSize > $lfanew + 2 and ...
+        if ($raf->Seek($lfanew, 0) and $raf->Read($buff, 0x40) and $buff =~ /^(NE|PE|LE)/) {
+            if ($1 eq 'NE') {
+                if ($size >= 0x40) { # NE header is 64 bytes (ref 2)
+                    # check for DLL
+                    my $appFlags = Get16u(\$buff, 0x0c);
+                    $type = 'Win16 ' . ($appFlags & 0x80 ? 'DLL' : 'EXE');
+                    # offset 0x02 is 2 bytes with linker version and revision numbers
+                    # offset 0x36 is executable type (2 = Windows)
+                }
+            } elsif ($1 eq 'PE') {
+                # PE header comes at byte 4 in buff:
+                #   4 int16u Machine
+                #   6 int16u NumberOfSections
+                #   8 int32u TimeDateStamp
+                #  12 int32u PointerToSymbolTable
+                #  16 int32u NumberOfSymbols
+                #  20 int16u SizeOfOptionalHeader
+                #  22 int16u Characteristics
+                if ($size >= 24) {  # PE header is 24 bytes (plus optional header)
+                    my $machine = $Image::ExifTool::EXE::Main{0}{PrintConv}{Get16u(\$buff, 4)} || '';
+                    my $winType = $machine =~ /64/ ? 'Win64' : 'Win32';
+                    my $flags = Get16u(\$buff, 22);
+                    $exifTool->SetFileType($winType . ' ' . ($flags & 0x2000 ? 'DLL' : 'EXE'));
+                    # read the rest of the optional header if necessary
+                    my $optSize = Get16u(\$buff, 20);
+                    my $more = $optSize + 24 - $size;
+                    if ($more > 0) {
+                        if ($raf->Read($buf2, $more) == $more) {
+                            $buff .= $buf2;
+                            $size += $more;
+                            my $magic = Get16u(\$buff, 24);
+                            # verify PE32/PE32+ magic number
+                            unless ($magic == 0x10b or $magic == 0x20b) {
+                                $exifTool->Warn('Unknown PE magic number');
+                                return 1;
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            $exifTool->Warn('Error reading optional header');
+                        }
+                    }
+                    # process PE COFF file header
+                    $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::EXE::Main');
+                    %dirInfo = (
+                        DataPt => \$buff,
+                        DataPos => $raf->Tell() - $size,
+                        DataLen => $size,
+                        DirStart => 4,
+                        DirLen => $size,
+                    );
+                    $exifTool->ProcessDirectory(\%dirInfo, $tagTablePtr);
+                    # process data dictionary
+                    my $num = Get16u(\$buff, 6);    # NumberOfSections
+                    if ($raf->Read($buff, 40 * $num) == 40 * $num) {
+                        %dirInfo = (
+                            RAF => $raf,
+                            DataPt => \$buff,
+                        );
+                        ProcessPEDict($exifTool, \%dirInfo) or $exifTool->Warn('Error processing PE data dictionary');
+                    }
+                    return 1;
+                }
+            } else {
+                $type = 'Virtual Device Driver';
+            }
+        } else {
+            $type = 'DOS EXE';
+        }
+#
+# Mach-O (Mac OS X)
+#
+    } elsif ($buff =~ /^(\xca\xfe\xba\xbe|\xfe\xed\xfa(\xce|\xcf)|(\xce|\xcf)\xfa\xed\xfe)/ and $size > 12) {
+        # Mach-O executable
+        # (ref http://developer.apple.com/documentation/DeveloperTools/Conceptual/MachORuntime/Reference/reference.html)
+        $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::EXE::MachO');
+        if ($1 eq "\xca\xfe\xba\xbe") {
+            SetByteOrder('MM');
+            $exifTool->SetFileType('Mach-O fat binary executable');
+            my $count = Get32u(\$buff, 4);  # get architecture count
+            my $more = $count * 20 - ($size - 8);
+            if ($more > 0) {
+                unless ($raf->Read($buf2, $more) == $more) {
+                    $exifTool->Warn('Error reading fat-arch headers');
+                    return 1;
+                }
+                $buff .= $buf2;
+                $size += $more;
+            }
+            $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 2, $count);
+            my $i;
+            for ($i=0; $i<$count; ++$i) {
+                my $cpuType = Get32s(\$buff, 8 + $i * 20);
+                my $cpuSubtype = Get32u(\$buff, 12 + $i * 20);
+                $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 3, $cpuType);
+                $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 4, "$cpuType $cpuSubtype");
+            }
+            # load first Mach-O header to get the object file type
+            my $offset = Get32u(\$buff, 16);
+            if ($raf->Seek($offset, 0) and $raf->Read($buf2, 16) == 16) {
+                if ($buf2 =~ /^(\xfe\xed\xfa(\xce|\xcf)|(\xce|\xcf)\xfa\xed\xfe)/) {
+                    SetByteOrder($buf2 =~ /^\xfe\xed/ ? 'MM' : 'II');
+                    my $objType = Get32s(\$buf2, 12);
+                    $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 5, $objType);
+                } elsif ($buf2 =~ /^!<arch>\x0a/) {
+                    # .a libraries use this magic number
+                    $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 5, -1);
+                } else {
+                    $exifTool->Warn('Unrecognized object file type');
+                }
+            } else {
+                $exifTool->Warn('Error reading file');
+            }
+       } elsif ($size >= 16) {
+            $exifTool->SetFileType('Mach-O executable');
+            my $info = {
+                "\xfe\xed\xfa\xce" => ['32 bit', 'Big endian'],
+                "\xce\xfa\xed\xfe" => ['32 bit', 'Little endian'],
+                "\xfe\xed\xfa\xcf" => ['64 bit', 'Big endian'],
+                "\xcf\xfa\xed\xfe" => ['64 bit', 'Little endian'],
+            }->{substr($buff, 0, 4)};
+            my $byteOrder = ($buff =~ /^\xfe/) ? 'MM' : 'II';
+            SetByteOrder($byteOrder);
+            my $cpuType = Get32s(\$buff, 4);
+            my $cpuSubtype = Get32s(\$buff, 8);
+            my $objType = Get32s(\$buff, 12);
+            $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 0, $$info[0]);
+            $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 1, $$info[1]);
+            $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 3, $cpuType);
+            $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 4, "$cpuType $cpuSubtype");
+            $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 5, $objType);
+        }
+        return 1;
+#
+# PEF (classic MacOS)
+#
+    } elsif ($buff =~ /^Joy!peff/ and $size > 12) {
+        # ref http://developer.apple.com/documentation/mac/pdf/MacOS_RT_Architectures.pdf
+        $exifTool->SetFileType('Classic MacOS executable');
+        SetByteOrder('MM');
+        $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::EXE::PEF');
+        %dirInfo = (
+            DataPt => \$buff,
+            DataPos => 0,
+            DataLen => $size,
+            DirStart => 0,
+            DirLen => $size,
+        );
+        $exifTool->ProcessDirectory(\%dirInfo, $tagTablePtr);
+        return 1;
+#
+# ELF (Unix)
+#
+    } elsif ($buff =~ /^\x7fELF/ and $size >= 16) {
+        $exifTool->SetFileType("ELF executable");
+        SetByteOrder(Get8u(\$buff,5) == 1 ? 'II' : 'MM');
+        $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::EXE::ELF');
+        %dirInfo = (
+            DataPt => \$buff,
+            DataPos => 0,
+            DataLen => $size,
+            DirStart => 0,
+            DirLen => $size,
+        );
+        $exifTool->ProcessDirectory(\%dirInfo, $tagTablePtr);
+        return 1;
+#
+# various scripts (perl, sh, etc...)
+#
+    } elsif ($buff =~ m{^#!\s*/\S*bin/(\w+)}) {
+        $type = "$1 script";
+#
+# .a libraries
+#
+    } elsif ($buff =~ /^!<arch>\x0a/) {
+        $type = 'Static library',
+    }
+    return 0 unless $type;
+    $exifTool->SetFileType($type);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+1;  # end
+
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Image::ExifTool::EXE - Read executable file meta information
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+This module is used by Image::ExifTool
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module contains definitions required by Image::ExifTool to extract meta
+information from various types of Windows, MacOS and Unix executable and
+library files.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Copyright 2003-2013, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=head1 REFERENCES
+
+=over 4
+
+=item L<http://www.openwatcom.org/ftp/devel/docs/pecoff.pdf>
+
+=item L<http://support.microsoft.com/kb/65122>
+
+=item L<http://www.opensource.apple.com>
+
+=item L<http://www.skyfree.org/linux/references/ELF_Format.pdf>
+
+=item L<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms809762.aspx>
+
+=item L<http://code.google.com/p/pefile/>
+
+=item L<http://www.codeproject.com/KB/DLL/showver.aspx>
+
+=back
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames/EXE Tags>,
+L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>
+
+=cut
+