RubyGems - mini_exiftool_vendored - Versions diffs - 8.9.7.v2 → 9.2.7.v1 - Mend

mini_exiftool_vendored 8.9.7.v2 → 9.2.7.v1

Files changed (1023) hide show

data/vendor/Image-ExifTool-9.27/html/idiosyncracies.html ADDED

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
+        "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>Maker Note Idio(t)syncracies</title>
+<link rel=stylesheet type='text/css' href='style.css' title='Style'>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h1 class='up'>Maker Note Idio(t)syncracies</h1>
+<p>It really is surprising how stupid some (...many, ...most?) manufacturers
+seem to be when it comes to writing what should be a fairly simple file
+format.</p>
+<p>One positive thing is that most manufacturers seem to have standardized on an
+EXIF-like IFD (Image File Directory) structure for their maker notes.  But many
+problems arise because of a fundamental design flaw in the EXIF/TIFF format.
+Values longer than 4 bytes are stored at a location referenced by an offset from
+an absolute position in the file (where offset 0 is the start of the EXIF/TIFF
+information).</p>
+<p>The difficulty is that these offsets must be recalculated when a file is
+rewritten, but in general this is not possible (particularly for the maker
+notes) because the format of not all information is known.  Some manufacturers
+have attempted to avoid this problem using offsets which are relative to the
+start of the maker note IFD instead of the usual start of EXIF.  This is a good
+idea if implemented properly, but this is not done consistently.  (And some
+manufacturers are not even consistent about how the offsets are calculated from
+one camera model to the next!)</p>
+<blockquote><font size='-1'><b>Technical aside:</b>
+<br>If EXIF were designed properly, all offsets would
+be relative to 4 bytes after the end of the IFD, which is the normal position
+for values to be stored, and all value data for the IFD would be stored in a
+block at this location.  If this was done, an entire IFD could be relocated
+easily without causing problems.</font></blockquote>
+<p>Below is a list of idiosyncracies in files written by the digital cameras or
+software from various manufacturers.  Many of these quirks relate to the offset
+problem mentioned above.</p>
+<hr>
+<p><b>Canon:</b> The 350D (firmware 1.0.1) gets the size of the thumbnail image
+wrong and reports it to be 10 bytes too long.  This can cause the reported
+thumbnail image data to run off the end of the APP1 segment.  A bug in version
+1.0.4 of the 40D firmware causes it to write a maker note entry count that is
+one greater than it should be.</p>
+<p><b>Casio:</b> The preview image is referenced by two different offsets (the
+PreviewImage tag plus a PreviewImageStart/PreviewImageLength pair).  Also, the
+offset for the PrintIM information is relative to the start of the IFD entry
+even though other offsets aren't.</p>
+<p><b>Concord:</b> Some models write PrintIM information with an entry-based
+offset like Casio.</p>
+<p><b>General Electric:</b> A number of GE cameras store zero offsets for some
+maker note tags (possibly to indicate that the tags do not exist), and other
+offsets are 12 bytes too high for some models (like the A1230, E1035 and G2).
+</p>
+<p><b>Hewlett-Packard:</b> The PhotoSmart 720 (one of the few HP models to use
+EXIF-format maker notes) uses a format code of 5 (rational64u) for tag 0x0204,
+but stores a rational32u value.  Other models show about as much standardization
+as the Kodak point-and-shoot lineup.  Also, some models (C945, M22, M23, R507,
+R607, R707, R717, R725, R727, R817, R818, R827, R927 and R960) write the EXIF
+ComponentsConfiguration incorrectly as ASCII characters (like the Leica M8 and
+M9).</p>
+<p><b>Kodak:</b> Professional DCS Photo Desk software writes a cyclical EXIF
+directory such that the InteropIFD pointer points back to IFD0.
+Point-and-shoot models show little standardization in maker note format.
+Some models with IFD-format maker notes store incorrect count values for
+a number of tags (this is particularly nasty), and may contain blank IFD
+entries which are filled with 0xff's (not zeros like other makes).</p>
+<p><b>Konica:</b> The KD-300Z writes all maker notes offsets relative to the
+start of the individual IFD entry.</p>
+<p><b>Kyocera:</b> A number of models write all maker notes offsets relative
+to the start of the individual IFD entry.</p>
+<p><b>Leica:</b> The M8 and M9 write the EXIF ComponentsConfiguration value in
+ASCII instead of binary.  The M8 writes EXIF ExposureCompensation and
+ShutterSpeedValue incorrectly as a unsigned rationals when they should be
+signed.  This leads to crazy values like "+65536" for small negative exposure
+compensations, and "0 s" for long exposure times.  (NOTE: These are all EXIF
+idiosyncracies since the values are in the standard EXIF, not the maker
+notes.)  In DNG images, the M8 uses maker note offsets relative to the
+start of the maker notes in JPEG images (very reasonable), but relative to
+the end of the maker note header in DNG images.  I think this was a mistake
+because this is changed in M9 DNG images to be the same as JPEG images.</p>
+<p>The Leica S2 maker note format is the MOST idiotic I have seen, and has the
+following peculiarities:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>It is stored as a trailer after the JPEG EOI (but referenced from a pointer
+inside the APP1 EXIF segment).</li>
+<li>Most of the offsets in this MakerNote IFD are relative to the start of the
+file instead of the EXIF TIFF header (which is particularly cruel because they
+are broken if other software simply adds a leading JFIF segment, but there is no
+simple way to detect that this has happened.  Normally this could be detected by
+analyzing the pointers, but this doesn't work here because all of the unused
+data in the Leica maker notes make normal pointer assumptions impossible).</li>
+<li>The PreviewImage offset is relative to the start of the MakerNote data
+(which is MUCH more reasonable, but using two different offset bases in the same
+directory is yet another level of idiocy).</li>
+<li>In DNG images the maker notes use an absolute base offset.  Yet again
+different from the M8 and M9.  Consistency isn't Leica's strong suit.</li>
+</ul>
+<p><b>Minolta:</b> An obvious bug in the firmware of the Z2 writes an incorrect
+offset for the 'MinoltaCameraSettings2' information -- it writes the offset of
+the offset itself instead of the offset of the value (hahaha!).  Other
+offsets are correct.</p>
+<p><b>Nikon:</b> D2H NEF files have huge blocks with all zero data (3.7 MB in
+my test file!).</p>
+<p><b>Olympus:</b> The E-1 and E-300 have subdirectories in the maker notes, but
+not only does the data size of these subdirectories exclude the subdirectory
+value data, but also it is 2 bytes too small for the directory information
+itself (doh! -- they forgot to include the entry count).  Similarly, the stored
+size of the maker note data block is too small for many models, which results
+in a loss of data if the maker notes are copied as a block when an image is
+rewritten.</p>
+<p><b>Pentax:</b> The Optio 330 uses an offset for the PrintIM information which
+is relative to the start of the IFD entry (hmmm, like some Casio models...).
+Also, preview image offsets in the maker notes are given relative to the EXIF
+base rather than the maker note base (like all other maker notes offsets).</p>
+<p>The Optio 550, 555, 33WR and 43WR all specify a PrintIM directory at a the
+same offset of 0x29a with length 40 bytes, but the only PrintIM information in
+the file is nowhere near that offset and is 128 bytes long.  Also for these
+models, tag 0x002e has a constant value of 0x6a6 even though its position
+changes.  Finally, all of these models plus the Optio WP waste many kilobytes of
+space in each image with large unused data blocks in the EXIF information.</p>
+<p>The Optio 330RS and 430RS double reference the preview image information.</p>
+<p>Note that the worst problems are with the Optio 230, 330, and 430, which
+carry the Asahi brand name.</p>
+<p><b>Photoshop and Nikon Capture:</b> Both of these packages write TIFF IPTC
+information as 'int32u' (or 'LONG').  This is wrong
+(<a href="http://www.awaresystems.be/imaging/tiff/tifftags/iptc.html">see
+reference</a>).  Nikon Capture goes one step further and simply ignores IPTC
+that is written correctly as 'undef' or 'int8u'.  (So for compatibility,
+ExifTool also writes this incorrectly as 'int32u'.)  Photoshop completely
+deletes the maker notes when an image is edited.</p>
+<p><b>Ricoh:</b> An IFD subdirectory in the Ricoh maker notes of both the
+Caplio RR30 and RR1.  The RR30 uses standard EXIF offsets (relative to the start
+of the EXIF data), but for the RR1 the offsets are relative to the start of the
+subdirectory.  The G700 uses MPF offsets relative to the start of the file,
+instead of the start of the MPF segment as per the MPF spec.</p>
+<p><b>Rollei:</b> The DK4010 writes all maker notes offsets relative to the
+start of the individual IFD entry.</p>
+<p><b>Sanyo:</b> The offsets written in the maker notes of the J1, J2, J3, S1,
+S3 and S4 have very little to do with reality.  Apparently the Sanyo
+programmers have no understanding of the concept of an IFD offset.</p>
+<p><b>Skanhex:</b> With some Skanhex models (SX-210Z3, SX-330Z3, SX3300,
+SX410Z3), the 264-byte makernotes block contains no useful information, and
+overlaps values from the ExifIFD.  For these models there is also a large block
+(typically 1195 bytes) of unreferenced information in the EXIF data immediately
+following the IteropIFD.  This block begins with the character sequence
+"SKANH\0", and contains exactly the same information in all 20 of my sample
+images that contain this block (except for a variable amount of padding at the
+end with 0xff bytes).  These quirks also affect some Gateway, Jenoptik, Medion,
+Samsung and Yakumo models built by Skanhex.</p>
+<p><b>Toshiba:</b> The PDR-3310 writes all maker notes offsets relative to the
+start of the individual IFD entry.  (very similar to Konica KD-300Z)</p>
+<hr><a name="raw"></a>
+<h2>RAW file Idiosyncracies</h2>
+<p><b>Minolta MRW:</b> The A200 stores the thumbnail image offset in IFD0
+relative to the start of file, while all other offsets are relative to the start
+of the TIFF header, which is 48 bytes into the file.  Also, the A200 stores the
+StripOffsets and the StripByteCounts values in the wrong byte order.</p>
+<p><b>Sony ARW:</b> The maker notes of ARW images are not self-contained, so
+some information is lost when the images are rewritten by other software
+(including the Adobe DNG converter).  The A100 with firmware 1.00 sets the high
+word of the thumbnail image offset to zero, but it should sometimes be 0x0001.
+(This problem is fixed for firmware 1.01.)  Also with the A100, the
+JpgFromRawLength stored in IFD0 may be wrong (although this value is also stored
+in the MakerNotes and is correct here).  As well, much information in these
+images is encrypted, which complicates things somewhat.  Even the Sony IDC
+utility can't properly rewrite ARW files -- it corrupts the embedded MRW record
+when used to edit ARW images.  Even funnier:  IDC v3.0 will crash when loading
+some original A100 firmware 1.00 images, but no longer crashes if the images are
+first edited with ExifTool (probably because ExifTool fixes the above mentioned
+problems when it rewrites the image).</p>
+<p><b>Leica DNG:</b> The makernote offsets for the M8 are relative to the start
+of the makernote IFD in JPEG images, but relative to the start of the makernote
+header (8 bytes earlier) in DNG images.  <i>[2009-09-09: This is fixed for the
+M9 which has offsets relative to the start of the makernote header for both JPEG
+and DNG.]</i></p>
+<p><b>Nikon NEF:</b> Aside from the encryption that Nikon uses to try to hide
+some information in their maker notes, the NEF files in general seem fairly well
+behaved.  Even so, the Nikon Transfer utility (version 1.3) still manages to
+corrupt some information in the 0th SubIFD when it is used to process NEF
+images.  (Beware that other Nikon utilities may have this same problem if they
+use the same NEF writing routines.)  But luckly  the lost information isn't very
+important.  (Only a few tags from the embedded full-sized preview image are
+lost: XResolution, YResolution and YCbCrPositioning.)  Also, Nikon Transfer and
+Nikon Capture both write an incorrect size for the maker notes, which could
+cause loss of MakerNote information if the file is edited by other software (but
+this isn't a problem with ExifTool, which will fix this type of problem
+automatically when writing).</p>
+<p><b>Nikon NRW:</b> Nikon should have just called this NEF with a different
+version number -- there should be no need to pollute the universe with zillions
+of unnecessary file extensions.  Oh right, they weren't smart enough to include
+a file identifier containing a version number in their NEF images -- Doh! In
+these images, CFAPattern2 is written incorrectly with UNDEFINED instead of BYTE
+format.</p>
+<p><b>Phase One IIQ:</b> Many values are referenced from more than one location
+in the TIFF structure of these images.  For instance, the IFD0 strip data
+actually exists within the MakerNotes data block.  This is a poor design, and
+leads to duplicated information when the image is rewritten.</p>
+<p><b>Ricoh DNG:</b>  The GR Digital IV (firmware 1.14) stores an incorrect
+length for the JPEG preview in SubIFD1.</p>
+<p><b>Samsung SRW:</b> Yet another TIFF-based RAW image with no proper file
+identifier.  In these images the thumbnail is stored inside a SubIFD of IFD1
+instead of directly in IFD1 (dumb, dumb...).  Also, the NX200 (firmware
+NX200_011181) uses a base offset for the X/YResolution values that is different
+from the PreviewImageStart pointer, both in the MakerNotes PreviewIFD.  (Note
+that the NX100 uses the same base for both, so this is certainly a firmware bug
+for the NX200. <i>[2012-06-21: This problem now also affects the EX1, NX20 and
+WB2000]</i>)</p>
+<hr>
+<i>Created Mar. 25, 2005</i>
+<br><i>Last revised Mar. 9, 2013</i>
+<p class='lf'><a href="index.html">&lt;-- Back to ExifTool home page</a></p>
+</body>
+</html>

data/vendor/Image-ExifTool-9.27/html/index.html ADDED

@@ -0,0 +1,1266 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
+        "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>ExifTool by Phil Harvey</title>
+<meta name="description" content="A command-line application and Perl library for
+  reading and writing EXIF, GPS, IPTC, XMP, makernotes and other meta information
+  in image, audio and video files.  For Windows, Mac OS X, and Unix systems.">
+<meta name="KeyWords" content="meta, information, metadata, ExifTool, EXIF, XMP,
+  IPTC, GPS, read, write, edit, editor, update, extract, images, thumbnail,
+  preview, geotag, geocode, Perl, library, module, RAW, NEF, CR2, MRW, JPEG, TIFF,
+  ID3, Windows, OSX, Unix">
+<link rel=stylesheet type='text/css' href='style.css' title='Style'>
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+body        { margin: 0 .5em; color: black; background: white;
+              font-family: helvetica; font-size: .9em }
+h1          { margin: .2em 0 }
+h2.tight    { margin: 0 0 .35em 0; font-weight: normal }
+a.wt        { color: white; text-decoration: none; }
+a:hover.wt  { text-decoration: underline; }
+a:active.wt { color: red; }
+pre         { color: #800; padding: 0; margin: 0 }
+blockquote  { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em }
+div.wide        { margin: 0 -.5em }
+table.tight td  { padding: 0px 4px }
+table.links     { border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin: 0 }
+table.links th  { border-right: 1px solid white; font-weight: normal;
+                  width: 17%; background: #008 }
+table.links th.rt { border-right: 0 }
+table.dl        { border: 1px solid gray; border-collapse: collapse }
+table.dl td     { padding: .4em .8em }
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h1><a name="top">ExifTool by Phil Harvey</a></h1>
+<h2 class='tight red'><b>Read</b>, <b>Write</b> and <b>Edit</b> Meta Information!</h2>
+<p><b>Also available</b> --> <a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/fix_corrupted_nef.html">Utility to fix Nikon NEF images corrupted by Nikon Transfer 1</a></p>
+<div class='wide'><table class='links'><tr>
+<th><a href="install.html" class='wt'>&nbsp;Installing&nbsp;</a></th>
+<th><a href="TagNames/index.html" class='wt'>&nbsp;Tag&nbsp;Names&nbsp;</a></th>
+<th><a href="#links" class='wt'>&nbsp;Resources&nbsp;</a></th>
+<th><a href="history.html" class='wt'>&nbsp;History&nbsp;</a></th>
+<th><a href="http://u88.n24.queensu.ca/exiftool/forum/" class='wt'>&nbsp;Forum&nbsp;</a></th>
+<th class='rt'><a href="faq.html" class='wt'>&nbsp;FAQ&nbsp;</a></th>
+</tr></table></div>
+<div class='index'>
+<a href="#features">Features</a>
+<br><a href="#comments">User Comments</a>
+<br><a href="#supported">Supported File Types</a>
+<br><a href="#system">System Requirements</a>
+<br><a href="#running">Running ExifTool</a>
+<br><a href="#output">Example Output</a>
+<br><a href="#tagnames">Tag Names Explained</a>
+<br><a href="#groups">Tag Groups</a>
+<br><a href="#writing">Writing Information</a>
+<br><a href="#limitations">Writer Limitations</a>
+<br><a href="#problems">Known Problems</a>
+<br><a href="#security">Security Issues</a>
+<br><a href="#shift">Date/Time Shift</a>
+<br><a href="#filename">Renaming Files</a>
+<br><a href="#performance">Performance</a>
+<br><a href="#library">ExifTool Library</a>
+<br><a href="#links">Additional Resources</a>
+<br><a href="#boldly">New Discoveries</a>
+<br><a href="#ack">Acknowledgements</a>
+<br><a href="#license">License</a>
+<br><a href="#donate">Donate</a>
+<br><a href="#contact">Contact Me</a>
+</div>
+<blockquote><table class='dl lg'><tr><td><b>
+<a href="Image-ExifTool-9.27.tar.gz">
+Download        Version 9.27</a> (3.5 MB) -
+<a href="history.html">Apr. 15, 2013</a></b></td></tr></table></blockquote>
+<p><b>ExifTool is a platform-independent <a href="ExifTool.html">Perl
+library</a> plus a <a href="exiftool_pod.html">command-line application</a> for
+reading, writing and editing meta information in a
+<a href="#supported">wide variety of files</a>.</b>
+ExifTool supports many different metadata formats including
+<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">EXIF</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/GPS.html">GPS</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/IPTC.html">IPTC</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/XMP.html">XMP</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/JFIF.html">JFIF</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/GeoTiff.html">GeoTIFF</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/ICC_Profile.html">ICC Profile</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/Photoshop.html">Photoshop IRB</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/FlashPix.html">FlashPix</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/AFCP.html">AFCP</a> and
+<a href="TagNames/ID3.html">ID3</a>,
+as well as the maker notes of many digital cameras by
+<a href="TagNames/Canon.html">Canon</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/Casio.html">Casio</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/FLIR.html">FLIR</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/FujiFilm.html">FujiFilm</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/GE.html">GE</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/HP.html">HP</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/JVC.html">JVC/Victor</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/Kodak.html">Kodak</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/Leaf.html">Leaf</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/Minolta.html">Minolta/Konica-Minolta</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/Nikon.html">Nikon</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/Olympus.html">Olympus/Epson</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/Panasonic.html">Panasonic/Leica</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/Pentax.html">Pentax/Asahi</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/PhaseOne.html">Phase One</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/Reconyx.html">Reconyx</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/Ricoh.html">Ricoh</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/Samsung.html">Samsung</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/Sanyo.html">Sanyo</a>,
+<a href="TagNames/Sigma.html">Sigma/Foveon</a> and
+<a href="TagNames/Sony.html">Sony</a>.</p>
+<p>ExifTool is also available as a <b>stand-alone Windows executable</b> and a
+<b>Macintosh OS X package</b>:  <i>(Note that these versions contain the executable
+only, and do not include the HTML documentation or other files of the full
+distribution above.)</i></p>
+<blockquote><table class='dl lg'><tr><td><b>
+<a name="alone">Windows Executable:</a>
+<a href="exiftool-9.27.zip">
+         exiftool-9.27.zip</a> (3.5 MB)</b></td></tr></table></blockquote>
+<p><b>The stand-alone Windows executable</b> does not require Perl. Just
+download and un-zip the archive then double-click on
+"<code>exiftool(-k).exe</code>" to read the application documentation,
+drag-and-drop files and folders to view meta information, or rename to
+"<code>exiftool.exe</code>" for command-line use.  Runs on all versions
+of Windows (including Windows 7).</p>
+<blockquote><table class='dl lg'><tr><td><b>
+Mac OS X Package:
+<a href="ExifTool-9.27.dmg">
+         ExifTool-9.27.dmg</a> (2.3 MB)</b></td></tr></table></blockquote>
+<p><b>The OS X package</b> installs the ExifTool command-line application and
+libraries in /usr/bin. After installing, type "<code>exiftool</code>" in a
+Terminal window to run exiftool and read the application documentation.</p>
+<p>Read the <b><a href="install.html">installation instructions</a></b> for help
+installing ExifTool on Windows, Mac OS X and Unix systems.</p>
+<h2><a name="features">Features</a></h2>
+<ul>
+<li>Powerful, fast, flexible and customizable</li>
+<li><a href="#supported">Supports a large number of different file formats</a></li>
+<li>Reads <a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">EXIF</a>,
+    <a href="TagNames/GPS.html">GPS</a>,
+    <a href="TagNames/IPTC.html">IPTC</a>,
+    <a href="TagNames/XMP.html">XMP</a>,
+    <a href="TagNames/JFIF.html">JFIF</a>, MakerNotes,
+    <a href="TagNames/GeoTiff.html">GeoTIFF</a>,
+    <a href="TagNames/ICC_Profile.html">ICC Profile</a>,
+    <a href="TagNames/Photoshop.html">Photoshop IRB</a>,
+    <a href="TagNames/FlashPix.html">FlashPix</a>,
+    <a href="TagNames/AFCP.html">AFCP</a>,
+    <a href="TagNames/ID3.html">ID3</a> and more...</li>
+<li>Writes <a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">EXIF</a>,
+    <a href="TagNames/GPS.html">GPS</a>,
+    <a href="TagNames/IPTC.html">IPTC</a>,
+    <a href="TagNames/XMP.html">XMP</a>,
+    <a href="TagNames/JFIF.html">JFIF</a>, MakerNotes,
+    <a href="TagNames/ICC_Profile.html">ICC Profile</a>,
+    <a href="TagNames/Photoshop.html">Photoshop IRB</a>,
+    <a href="TagNames/AFCP.html">AFCP</a> and more...</li>
+<li>Reads and writes maker notes of many digital cameras</li>
+<li>Decodes a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma</li>
+<li>Numerous output formatting options (including tab-delimited, HTML, XML and JSON)</li>
+<li>Multi-lingual output (cs, de, en, en-ca, en-gb, es, fi, fr, it, ja, ko, nl, pl, ru, sv, tr, zh-cn or zh-tw)</li>
+<li><a href="geotag.html">Geotags images</a> from GPS track log files (with time drift correction!)</li>
+<li><a href="geotag.html#Reverse">Generates track logs</a> from geotagged images</li>
+<li><a href="#shift">Shifts date/time values</a> to fix timestamps in images</li>
+<li><a href="#filename">Renames files and organizes in directories</a> (by date
+    or by any other meta information)</li>
+<li>Extracts thumbnail images, preview images, and large JPEG images from RAW files</li>
+<li>Copies meta information between files (even different-format files)</li>
+<li>Reads/writes <a href="struct.html">structured XMP information</a></li>
+<li>Deletes meta information individually, in groups, or altogether</li>
+<li>Sets the file modification date (and creation date in Windows) from EXIF information</li>
+<li>Supports alternate language tags in <a href="TagNames/XMP.html">XMP</a>,
+    <a href="Tagnames/PNG.html#TextualData">PNG</a>, <a href="TagNames/ID3.html">ID3</a>,
+    <a href="TagNames/Font.html#Name">Font</a>, <a href="TagNames/QuickTime.html">QuickTime</a>,
+    <a href="TagNames/ICC_Profile.html">ICC Profile</a>, <a href="TagNames/MIE.html">MIE</a> and
+    <a href="TagNames/MXF.html">MXF</a> information</li>
+<li>Processes entire directory trees</li>
+<li>Creates text output file for each image file</li>
+<li>Creates binary-format metadata-only (MIE) files for metadata backup</li>
+<li>Automatically backs up original image when writing</li>
+<li>Organizes output into groups</li>
+<li>Conditionally processes files based on value of any meta information</li>
+<li>Ability to <a href="config.html">add custom user-defined tags</a></li>
+<li><a href="TagNames/MWG.html">Support for MWG</a> (Metadata Working Group) recommendations</li>
+<li>Recognizes <a href="TagNames/index.html">thousands of different tags</a></li>
+<li>Tested with images from <a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/models.html">thousands of different camera models</a></li>
+<li>Advanced <a href="verbose.html">verbose</a> and <a href="htmldump.html">HTML-based
+    hex dump</a> outputs</li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a name="awk">A Note to Unix Power-Users</a></h2> <blockquote>If you find
+the need to use "find" or "awk" in conjunction with ExifTool, then you probably
+haven't discovered the full power of ExifTool.  Read about the <code>-ext</code>,
+<code>-if</code>, <code>-p</code> and <code>-tagsFromFile</code> options in the
+<a href="exiftool_pod.html">application documentation</a>.</blockquote>
+<h2><a name="comments">Comments by ExifTool Users</a></h2>
+<blockquote>
+<i>"In my experience, nothing but nothing is as complete, powerful, and flexible as
+Phil Harvey's exiftool ... I've never seen anything that's in the same ballpark for power."</i>
+- <a href="http://forums.dpreview.com/forums/read.asp?forum=1034&amp;message=16582684">dpreview forum</a></blockquote>
+<blockquote><i>"While there are a lot of image tools available, nothing comes close for accessing/updating
+the metadata like ExifTool"</i> - <a href="http://blog.merg.be/?p=242">merg's blog</a></blockquote>
+<blockquote><i>"Fast, reliable and amazingly comprehensive ..."</i>
+- <a href="http://cpanratings.perl.org/dist/Image-ExifTool">CPAN ratings</a></blockquote>
+<blockquote><i>"... the one piece of free software that gets the most
+detailed exif data of /any/ tool I've found."</i>
+- <a href="http://mail.gnome.org/archives/eog-list/2005-August/msg00002.html">gnome mail archives</a>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote><i>"... no program or API gets close to ExifTool in terms of robustness,
+feature count and support."</i> - <a href="http://www.christian-etter.de/?p=33">CE's Blog</a>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote><i>"ExifTool makes every other EXIF reader (and writer) than I've
+seen, including the camera manufacturers' readers, look lame."</i>
+- <a href="http://photo.net/bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=00IfoF">photo.net Nikon forum</a>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote><i>"Insanely great tool with a long learning curve ..."</i> -
+<a href="http://forums.adobe.com/message/1800175#1800175">Adobe Forums</a>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote><i>"... it's super awesome, it's super reliable and after many years of
+development it's still being updated!"</i> -
+<a href="http://pw999.wordpress.com/2012/05/12/j-exiftool-read-and-write-exif-tags-in-java/">P_W999 blog</a>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote><i>"... it is the mother of all EXIF utilities; the BFG of meta-data
+extraction; the Pan Galactic Gargle Blaster of EXIF tools ... This thing will
+suck the last bit of metadata out of whatever image file you throw at it!"</i> -
+<a href="http://www.openphotographyforums.com/forums/showpost.php?p=4774&amp;postcount=40">Open Photography Forums</a>
+</blockquote>
+<h2><a name="supported">Supported File Types</a></h2>
+<p>ExifTool can <b>R</b>ead, <b>W</b>rite and/or <b>C</b>reate files in the following formats:</p>
+<blockquote><table class='norm tight'>
+<tr><th>File Type</th><th>Support</th><th>Description</th></tr>
+<tr><td>3FR</td><td>R</td><td>Hasselblad RAW (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>3G2, 3GP2</td><td>R</td><td>3rd Gen. Partnership Project 2 audio/video (<a href="TagNames/QuickTime.html">QuickTime</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>3GP, 3GPP</td><td>R</td><td>3rd Gen. Partnership Project audio/video (<a href="TagNames/QuickTime.html">QuickTime</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/DICOM.html">ACR</a></td><td>R</td><td>American College of Radiology ACR-NEMA (DICOM-like)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/Font.html">AFM, ACFM, AMFM</a></td><td>R</td><td>Adobe [Composite/Multiple Master] Font Metrics</td></tr>
+<tr><td>AI, AIT</td><td>R/W</td><td>Adobe Illustrator [Template] (<a href="TagNames/PostScript.html">PS</a> or <a href="TagNames/PDF.html">PDF</a>)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/AIFF.html">AIFF, AIF, AIFC</a></td><td>R</td><td>Audio Interchange File Format [Compressed]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/APE.html">APE</a></td><td>R</td><td>Monkey's Audio</td></tr>
+<tr><td>ARW</td><td>R/W</td><td>Sony Alpha RAW (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/ASF.html">ASF</a></td><td>R</td><td>Microsoft Advanced Systems Format</td></tr>
+<tr><td>AVI</td><td>R</td><td>Audio Video Interleaved (<a href="TagNames/RIFF.html">RIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/BMP.html">BMP, DIB</a></td><td>R</td><td>Windows BitMaP / Device Independent Bitmap</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">BTF, TIFF, TIF</a></td><td>R</td><td>BigTIFF (64-bit Tagged Image File Format)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/EXE.html#CHM">CHM</a></td><td>R</td><td>Microsoft Compiled HTML format</td></tr>
+<tr><td>COS</td><td>R</td><td>Capture One Settings (XML-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>CR2</td><td>R/W</td><td>Canon RAW 2 (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/CanonRaw.html">CRW, CIFF</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>Canon RAW Camera Image File Format (<a href="canon_raw.html">CRW specification</a>)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>CS1</td><td>R/W</td><td>Sinar CaptureShop 1-shot RAW (<a href="TagNames/Photoshop.html">PSD</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/DICOM.html">DCM, DC3, DIC, DICM</a></td><td>R</td><td>DICOM - Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine</td></tr>
+<tr><td>DCP</td><td>R/W</td><td>DNG Camera Profile (<a href="TagNames/DNG.html">DNG</a>-like)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>DCR</td><td>R</td><td>Kodak Digital Camera RAW (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/Font.html">DFONT</a></td><td>R</td><td>Macintosh Data Fork Font</td></tr>
+<tr><td>DIVX</td><td>R</td><td>DivX media format (<a href="TagNames/ASF.html">ASF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/DjVu.html">DJVU, DJV</a></td><td>R</td><td>DjVu image (AIFF-like)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/DNG.html">DNG</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>Digital Negative (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>DOC, DOT</td><td>R</td><td>Microsoft Word Document/Template (<a href="TagNames/FlashPix.html">FPX</a>-like)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/OOXML.html">DOCX, DOCM</a></td><td>R</td><td>Office Open XML Document [Macro-enabled]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/OOXML.html">DOTX, DOTM</a></td><td>R</td><td>Office Open XML Document Template [Macro-enabled]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/EXE.html#MachO">DYLIB</a></td><td>R</td><td>Mac OS X Mach-O executable and library files</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/DV.html">DV</a></td><td>R</td><td>Digital Video</td></tr>
+<tr><td>DVB</td><td>R</td><td>Digital Video Broadcasting (<a href="TagNames/QuickTime.html">QuickTime</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>EIP</td><td>R</td><td>Capture One Enhanced Image Package (<a href="TagNames/ZIP.html">ZIP</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/PostScript.html">EPS, EPSF, PS</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>[Encapsulated] PostScript Format</td></tr>
+<tr><td>ERF</td><td>R/W</td><td>Epson RAW Format (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/EXE.html">EXE, DLL</a></td><td>R</td><td>DOS/Windows executable and library files</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">EXIF</a></td><td>R/W/C</td><td>Exchangable Image File Format metadata (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/OpenEXR.html">EXR</a></td><td>R</td><td>Open EXR (Extended Range)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>F4A, F4B, F4P, F4V</td><td>R</td><td>Adobe Flash Player 9+ Audio/Video (<a href="TagNames/QuickTime.html">Quicktime</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>FFF</td><td>R/W</td><td>Hasselblad Flexible File Format (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/FLIR.html#FFF">FFF</a></td><td>R</td><td>FLIR Systems thermal image File Format</td></tr>
+<tr><td>FLA</td><td>R</td><td>Macromedia/Adobe Flash project (<a href="TagNames/FlashPix.html">FPX</a>-like)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/FLAC.html">FLAC</a></td><td>R</td><td>Free Lossless Audio Codec</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/Flash.html#FLV">FLV</a></td><td>R</td><td>Flash Video</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/FLIR.html#FPF">FPF</a></td><td>R</td><td>FLIR Public image Format</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/FlashPix.html">FPX</a></td><td>R</td><td>FlashPix image</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/GIF.html">GIF</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>Compuserve Graphics Interchange Format</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/ZIP.html#GZIP">GZ, GZIP</a></td><td>R</td><td>GNU ZIP compressed archive</td></tr>
+<tr><td>HDP, WDP</td><td>R/W</td><td>Windows HD Photo / Media Photo (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/Radiance.html">HDR</a></td><td>R</td><td>Radiance RGBE (Red Green Blue Exponent) High Dynamic-Range</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/HTML.html">HTML, HTM, XHTML</a></td><td>R</td><td>[Extensible] HyperText Markup Language</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/ICC_Profile.html">ICC, ICM</a></td><td>R/W/C</td><td>International Color Consortium color profile</td></tr>
+<tr><td>IDML</td><td>R</td><td>Adobe InDesign Markup Language (ZIP/XML-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/PhaseOne.html">IIQ</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>Phase One Intelligent Image Quality RAW (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>IND, INDD, INDT</td><td>R/W</td><td>Adobe InDesign Document/Template (<a href="TagNames/XMP.html">XMP</a> metadata only)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>INX</td><td>R</td><td>Adobe InDesign Interchange (XML-based, <a href="TagNames/XMP.html">XMP</a> metadata only)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/ITC.html">ITC</a></td><td>R</td><td>iTunes Cover Flow artwork</td></tr>
+<tr><td>J2C, JPC</td><td>R</td><td>JPEG 2000 codestream</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/Jpeg2000.html">JP2, JPF, J2K, JPM, JPX</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>JPEG 2000 image [Compound/Extended]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/JPEG.html">JPEG, JPG</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>Joint Photographic Experts Group image (<a href="#JPEG">see table below</a>)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>K25</td><td>R</td><td>Kodak DC25 RAW (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>KDC</td><td>R</td><td>Kodak Digital Camera RAW (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/iWork.html">KEY, KTH</a></td><td>R</td><td>Apple iWork '09 Keynote presentation/Theme</td></tr>
+<tr><td>LA</td><td>R</td><td>Lossless Audio (<a href="TagNames/RIFF.html">RIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/LNK.html">LNK</a></td><td>R</td><td>Microsoft Shell Link (Windows shortcut)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/M2TS.html">M2TS, MTS, M2T, TS</a></td><td>R</td><td>MPEG-2 Transport Stream (used for AVCHD video)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>M4A, M4B, M4P, M4V</td><td>R</td><td>MPEG-4 Audio/Video (<a href="TagNames/QuickTime.html">Quicktime</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>MEF</td><td>R/W</td><td>Mamiya (RAW) Electronic Format (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/MIE.html">MIE</a></td><td>R/W/C</td><td>Meta Information Encapsulation (<a href="MIE1.1-20070121.pdf">MIE specification</a>)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/MIFF.html">MIFF, MIF</a></td><td>R</td><td>Magick Image File Format</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/Matroska.html">MKA, MKV, MKS</a></td><td>R</td><td>Matroska Audio/Video/Subtitle</td></tr>
+<tr><td>MODD</td><td>R</td><td>Sony Picture Motion metadata (XML <a href="TagNames/PLIST.html">PLIST</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/Leaf.html">MOS</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>Creo Leaf Mosaic (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/QuickTime.html">MOV, QT</a></td><td>R</td><td>Apple QuickTime Movie</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/MPEG.html#Audio">MP3</a></td><td>R</td><td>MPEG-1 layer 3 audio (uses <a href="TagNames/ID3.html">ID3</a> information)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>MP4</td><td>R</td><td>Motion Picture Experts Group version 4 (<a href="TagNames/QuickTime.html">Quicktime</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/MPC.html">MPC</a></td><td>R</td><td>Musepack Audio</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/MPEG.html">MPEG, MPG, M2V</a></td><td>R</td><td>Motion Picture Experts Group version 1 or 2</td></tr>
+<tr><td>MPO</td><td>R/W</td><td>Extended Multi-Picture format (<a href="TagNames/JPEG.html">JPEG</a> with <a href="TagNames/MPF.html">MPF</a> extensions)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/QuickTime.html">MQV</a></td><td>R</td><td>Sony Mobile QuickTime Video</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/MinoltaRaw.html">MRW</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>Minolta RAW</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/MXF.html">MXF</a></td><td>R</td><td>Material Exchange Format</td></tr>
+<tr><td>NEF</td><td>R/W</td><td>Nikon (RAW) Electronic Format (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/iWork.html">NMBTEMPLATE</a></td><td>R</td><td>Apple iWork '09 Numbers Template</td></tr>
+<tr><td>NRW</td><td>R/W</td><td>Nikon RAW (2) (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/iWork.html">NUMBERS</a></td><td>R</td><td>Apple iWork '09 Numbers spreadsheet</td></tr>
+<tr><td>ODB, ODC, ODF, ODG,<br>ODI, ODP, ODS, ODT</td><td>R</td><td>Open Document Database/Chart/Formula/Graphics/<br>Image/Presentation/Spreadsheet/Text (ZIP/XML-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>OFR</td><td>R</td><td>OptimFROG audio (<a href="TagNames/RIFF.html">RIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/Ogg.html">OGG, OGV</a></td><td>R</td><td>Ogg bitstream container</td></tr>
+<tr><td>ORF</td><td>R/W</td><td>Olympus RAW Format (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/Font.html">OTF</a></td><td>R</td><td>Open Type Font</td></tr>
+<tr><td>PAC</td><td>R</td><td>Lossless Predictive Audio Compression (<a href="TagNames/RIFF.html">RIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/iWork.html">PAGES</a></td><td>R</td><td>Apple iWork '09 Pages document</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/PhotoCD.html">PCD</a></td><td>R</td><td>Kodak Photo CD Image Pac</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/PDF.html">PDF</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>Adobe Portable Document Format</td></tr>
+<tr><td>PEF</td><td>R/W</td><td>Pentax (RAW) Electronic Format (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/Font.html">PFA, PFB</a></td><td>R</td><td>PostScript Font ASCII/Binary</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/Font.html">PFM</a></td><td>R</td><td>Printer Font Metrics</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/PGF.html">PGF</a></td><td>R</td><td>Progressive Graphics File</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/PICT.html">PICT, PCT</a></td><td>R</td><td>Apple Picture file</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/PLIST.html">PLIST</a></td><td>R</td><td>Apple Property List (binary and XML formats)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/Sony.html#PMP">PMP</a></td><td>R</td><td>Sony DSC-F1 Cyber-Shot image</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/PNG.html">PNG</a>, <a href="TagNames/MNG.html">JNG, MNG</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>Portable/JPEG/Multiple-image Network Graphics</td></tr>
+<tr><td>PPM, PBM, PGM</td><td>R/W</td><td>Portable Pixel/Bit/Gray Map</td></tr>
+<tr><td>PPT, PPS, POT</td><td>R</td><td>Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation/Slideshow/Template (<a href="TagNames/FlashPix.html">FPX</a>-like)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/OOXML.html">POTX, POTM</a></td><td>R</td><td>Office Open XML Presentation Template [Macro-enabled]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/OOXML.html">PPSX, PPSM</a></td><td>R</td><td>Office Open XML Presentation Slideshow [Macro-enabled]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/OOXML.html">PPTX, PPTM</a></td><td>R</td><td>Office Open XML Presentation [Macro-enabled]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/Photoshop.html">PSD, PSB</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>PhotoShop Drawing / Large Document</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/PSP.html">PSP, PSPIMAGE</a></td><td>R</td><td>Paint Shop Pro</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/QuickTime.html">QTIF, QTI, QIF</a></td><td>R</td><td>QuickTime Image File</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/Real.html#Audio">RA</a></td><td>R</td><td>Real Audio</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/FujiFilm.html#RAF">RAF</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>FujiFilm RAW Format</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/Real.html#Metafile">RAM, RPM</a></td><td>R</td><td>Real Audio/Plug-in Metafile</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/ZIP.html#RAR">RAR</a></td><td>R</td><td>RAR Archive</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/KyoceraRaw.html">RAW</a></td><td>R</td><td>Kyocera Contax N Digital RAW</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/PanasonicRaw.html">RAW</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>Panasonic RAW (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/RIFF.html">RIFF, RIF</a></td><td>R</td><td>Resource Interchange File Format</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/Real.html">RM, RV, RMVB</a></td><td>R</td><td>Real Media/Video [Variable Bitrate]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/RSRC.html">RSRC</a></td><td>R</td><td>Mac OS Resource</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/RTF.html">RTF</a></td><td>R</td><td>Rich Text Format</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/PanasonicRaw.html">RW2</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>Panasonic RAW 2 (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/PanasonicRaw.html">RWL</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>Leica RAW (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/Rawzor.html">RWZ</a></td><td>R</td><td>Rawzor compressed image</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/EXE.html#ELF">SO</a></td><td>R</td><td>Unix ELF executable and Shared Object files</td></tr>
+<tr><td>SR2</td><td>R/W</td><td>Sony RAW 2 (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>SRF</td><td>R</td><td>Sony RAW Format (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>SRW</td><td>R/W</td><td>Samsung RAW format (<a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/XMP.html#SVG">SVG</a></td><td>R</td><td>Scalable Vector Graphics (XML-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/Flash.html">SWF</a></td><td>R</td><td>Shockwave Flash</td></tr>
+<tr><td>THM</td><td>R/W</td><td>Canon Thumbnail (<a href="TagNames/JPEG.html">JPEG</a>)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/OOXML.html">THMX</a></td><td>R</td><td>Office Open XML Theme</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">TIFF, TIF</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>Tagged Image File Format</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/Font.html">TTF, TTC</a></td><td>R</td><td>True Type Font/Collection</td></tr>
+<tr><td>VOB</td><td>R</td><td>Video Object (<a href="TagNames/MPEG.html">MPEG</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/CanonVRD.html">VRD</a></td><td>R/W/C</td><td>Canon DPP Recipe Data</td></tr>
+<tr><td>VSD</td><td>R</td><td>Microsoft Visio Drawing (<a href="TagNames/FlashPix.html">FPX</a>-like)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>WAV</td><td>R</td><td>Windows digital audio WAVeform (<a href="TagNames/RIFF.html">RIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>WEBM</td><td>R</td><td>Google Web Movie (<a href="TagNames/Matroska.html">MKV</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>WEBP</td><td>R</td><td>Google Web Picture (<a href="TagNames/RIFF.html">RIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>WMA, WMV</td><td>R</td><td>Windows Media Audio/Video (<a href="TagNames/ASF.html">ASF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>WV</td><td>R</td><td>WavePack lossless audio (<a href="TagNames/RIFF.html">RIFF</a>-based)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/SigmaRaw.html">X3F</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>Sigma/Foveon RAW</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/GIMP.html">XCF</a></td><td>R</td><td>GIMP native image format</td></tr>
+<tr><td>XLS, XLT</td><td>R</td><td>Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet/Template (<a href="TagNames/FlashPix.html">FPX</a>-like)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/OOXML.html">XLSX, XLSM, XLSB</a></td><td>R</td><td>Office Open XML Spreadsheet [Macro-enabled/Binary]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/OOXML.html">XLTX, XLTM</a></td><td>R</td><td>Office Open XML Spreadsheet Template [Macro-enabled]</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/XMP.html">XMP</a></td><td>R/W/C</td><td>Extensible Metadata Platform sidecar file</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/ZIP.html">ZIP</a></td><td>R</td><td>ZIP archive</td></tr>
+</table></blockquote>
+<h3><a name="JPEG">Supported JPEG Meta Information</a></h3>
+<p>ExifTool can <b>R</b>ead, <b>W</b>rite and/or <b>C</b>reate the following types
+of meta information in JPEG images:</p>
+<blockquote><table class='norm tight'>
+<tr><th>JPEG Meta Information</th><th>Support</th><th>Description</th></tr>
+<tr><td>APP0 - <a href="TagNames/JFIF.html">JFIF</a></td><td>R/W/C</td><td>JPEG File Interchange Format</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP0 - <a href="TagNames/JFIF.html#Extension">JFXX</a></td><td>R</td><td>Extended JFIF</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP0 - <a href="TagNames/CanonRaw.html">CIFF</a></td><td>R/W</td><td><a href="canon_raw.html">Camera Image File Format</a> (used by some Canon models)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP0 - <a href="TagNames/JPEG.html#AVI1">AVI1</a></td><td>R</td><td>JPEG AVI information</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP0 - <a href="TagNames/JPEG.html#Ocad">Ocad</a></td><td>R</td><td>Photobucket Ocad segment</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP1 - <a href="TagNames/EXIF.html">EXIF</a></td><td>R/W/C</td><td>Exchangeable Image File Format (including maker notes)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP1 - <a href="TagNames/XMP.html">XMP</a></td><td>R/W/C</td><td>Extensible Metadata Platform (multi-segment)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP1 - <a href="TagNames/Casio.html#QVCI">QVCI</a></td><td>R</td><td>Casio QV-7000SX QVCI information</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP1 - <a href="TagNames/FLIR.html#FFF">FLIR</a></td><td>R</td><td>FLIR thermal imaging data (multi-segment)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP2 - <a href="TagNames/ICC_Profile.html">ICC</a></td><td>R/W/C</td><td>International Color Consortium (multi-segment)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP2 - <a href="TagNames/FlashPix.html">FPXR</a></td><td>R</td><td>FlashPix Ready (multi-segment)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP2 - <a href="TagNames/MPF.html">MPF</a></td><td>R</td><td>Multi-Picture Format</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP2 - PreviewImage</td><td>R</td><td>Samsung APP2 preview image (multi-segment)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP3 - <a href="TagNames/Kodak.html#Meta">Kodak Meta</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>Kodak Meta information (EXIF-like)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP3 - <a href="TagNames/Stim.html">Stim</a></td><td>R</td><td>Stereo Still Image format</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP3 - PreviewImage</td><td>R</td><td>Samsung/HP preview image (multi-segment)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP4 - <a href="TagNames/JPEG.html#Scalado">Scalado</a></td><td>R</td><td>(presumably written by <a href="http://www.scalado.com/">Scalado</a> mobile software)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP4 - <a href="TagNames/FlashPix.html">FPXR</a></td><td>R</td><td>FlashPix Ready in non-standard location (multi-segment)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP4 - PreviewImage</td><td>R</td><td>(continued from APP3)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP5 - <a href="TagNames/Ricoh.html#RMETA">Ricoh RMETA</a></td><td>R</td><td>Ricoh custom fields</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP5 - PreviewImage</td><td>R</td><td>(continued from APP4)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP6 - <a href="TagNames/JPEG.html#EPPIM">EPPIM</a></td><td>R</td><td>Toshiba PrintIM</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP6 - <a href="TagNames/JPEG.html#NITF">NITF</a></td><td>R</td><td>National Imagery Transmission Format</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP6 - <a href="TagNames/HP.html#TDHD">HP TDHD</a></td><td>R</td><td>Hewlett-Packard Photosmart R837 TDHD information</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP7 - <a href="TagNames/Qualcomm.html">Qualcomm</a></td><td>R</td><td>Qualcomm Camera Attributes</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP8 - <a href="TagNames/JPEG.html#SPIFF">SPIFF</a></td><td>R</td><td>Still Picture Interchange File Format</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP10 - Comment</td><td>R</td><td>PhotoStudio Unicode Comment</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP12 - <a href="TagNames/APP12.html#PictureInfo">Picture Info</a></td><td>R</td><td>ASCII-based Picture Information</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP12 - <a href="TagNames/APP12.html#Ducky">Ducky</a></td><td>R/W/C</td><td>Photoshop "Save for Web"</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP13 - <a href="TagNames/Photoshop.html">Photoshop IRB</a></td><td>R/W/C</td><td>Image Resource Block (multi-segment, includes <a href="TagNames/IPTC.html">IPTC</a>)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP13 - <a href="TagNames/JPEG.html#AdobeCM">Adobe CM</a></td><td>R</td><td>Adobe Color Management</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP14 - <a href="TagNames/JPEG.html#Adobe">Adobe</a></td><td>R/W/C</td><td>Adobe DCT filter</td></tr>
+<tr><td>APP15 - <a href="TagNames/JPEG.html#GraphConv">GraphicConverter</a></td><td>R</td><td>GraphicConverter quality</td></tr>
+<tr><td>COM</td><td>R/W/C</td><td>JPEG Comment (multi-segment)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>DQT</td><td>R</td><td>(used to calculate the <a href="TagNames/Extra.html">Extra:JPEGDigest</a> tag value)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/JPEG.html#SOF">SOF</a></td><td>R</td><td>JPEG Start Of Frame</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/AFCP.html">AFCP trailer</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>AXS File Concatenation Protocol (includes <a href="TagNames/IPTC.html">IPTC</a>)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/CanonVRD.html">CanonVRD trailer</a></td><td>R/W/C</td><td>Canon DPP Recipe Data</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/FotoStation.html">FotoStation trailer</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>FotoWare FotoStation (includes <a href="TagNames/IPTC.html">IPTC</a>)</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/PhotoMechanic.html">PhotoMechanic trailer</a></td><td>R/W</td><td>Camera Bits Photo Mechanic</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="TagNames/MIE.html">MIE trailer</a></td><td>R/W</td><td><a href="MIE1.1-20070121.pdf">Meta Information Encapsulation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>PreviewImage trailer</td><td>R/W/C</td><td>(preview image written after JPEG EOI)</td></tr>
+</table></blockquote>
+<h2><a name="system">System Requirements</a></h2>
+<p>Requires Perl 5.004 or later.  No other libraries or software required.</p>
+<p><b>Windows users:</b> A <a href="#alone">stand-alone Windows executable</a>
+version of ExifTool is available which doesn't require Perl.  You can also use
+the pure Perl version if you already have Perl installed. (You can get a good,
+free Perl interpreter from
+<a href="http://www.activestate.com/activeperl/">activeperl.com</a>.)</p>
+<p><b>Everyone else (Mac, Unix, etc):</b> Don't worry, you should already have
+Perl installed.</p>
+<h2><a name="running">Running ExifTool</a></h2>
+<p>The <a href="exiftool_pod.html">exiftool application</a> provides a
+convenient command-line interface for the
+<a href="ExifTool.html">Image::ExifTool</a> Perl package (both included in the
+full distribution). Once you have downloaded and extracted the distribution, you
+can immediately run exiftool (without building or installing) by typing
+"<code><i>DIR</i>/exiftool <i>FILE</i></code>" (or
+"<code>perl <i>DIR</i>/exiftool <i>FILE</i></code>" in Windows), where
+<code><i>DIR</i></code> is the exiftool directory and <code><i>FILE</i></code>
+is the name of an image file, including directory name. Read the
+<a href="install.html">installation instructions</a> or the README file included
+in the full distribution for help installing ExifTool.</p>
+<p>Many command-line options are available to allow you to access a wide range
+of features.  Run exiftool with no arguments for a
+<a href="exiftool_pod.html">complete list of available options with
+examples</a>.</p>
+<h3>Running in Windows</h3>
+<p><b>i) From the command line:</b></p>
+<p>The Perl application ("<code>exiftool</code>") is run by typing "<code>perl
+exiftool</code>". Alternately, you may be able to rename it to
+"<code>exiftool.pl</code>" and type "<code>exiftool.pl</code>", but this
+requires that the proper Windows associations have been made for the the
+"<code>.pl</code>" extension.</p>
+<p>The stand-alone version ("<code>exiftool(-k).exe</code>") should be
+renamed to "<code>exiftool.exe</code>" to allow it to be run by typing
+"<code>exiftool</code>" at the command line.</p>
+<p>If the exiftool executable ("<code>exiftool.pl</code>" or
+"<code>exiftool.exe</code>") is not in the current directory or your system
+PATH, then its directory must be specified on the command line (ie. by typing
+"<code>c:\path_to_exiftool\exiftool.pl</code>" or
+"<code>c:\path_to_exiftool\exiftool</code>").</p>
+<p>Note that when typing commands in the "cmd.exe" shell, you should use double
+quotes instead of single quotes as shown in some examples.</p>
+<p><b>ii) Stand-alone version in the Windows GUI:</b></p>
+<p>Double-click on "<code>exiftool(-k).exe</code>" to read the application
+documentation, or drag-and-drop files and folders to run exiftool on the
+selected files.</p>
+<p>Simple options may be added inside brackets in the name of the stand-alone
+executable.  (But note that the characters <code>/\?*:|"&lt;&gt;</code> may not
+be used because they are invalid in Windows file names.)  In this way, the
+behaviour of the drag-and-drop application can be customized.  For example:</p>
+<blockquote><table class='norm'>
+<tr><th>Executable Name</th><th>Operation</th></tr>
+<tr><td><pre>exiftool(-k).exe</pre></td>
+<td>Print meta information in window and pause before terminating.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><pre>exiftool(-k -a -u -g1 -w txt).exe</pre></td>
+<td>Generate output "<code>.txt</code>" files with detailed meta information.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><pre>exiftool(-k -o %d%f.xmp).exe</pre></td>
+<td>Generate sidecar "<code>.xmp</code>" files.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><pre>exiftool(-copyright='Phil Harvey').exe</pre></td>
+<td>Add copyright information (and don't pause before terminating).</td></tr>
+</table></blockquote>
+<p><b>Hint:</b> Options may also be added to the "Target" property of a Windows
+shortcut for the executable.  Using a shortcut has 3 advantages over adding
+options in the file name:  1) different shortcuts may be created without
+requiring multiple copies of the executable, 2) characters which are invalid
+in file names may be used, and 3) the shortcuts can be given more meaningful
+(and convenient) file names.</p>
+<p>As well, it may be useful to increase the window and buffer sizes to display
+more information:  Right-click on the window's title bar then select
+"Properties" from the menu and change the window layout settings.</p>
+<h2><a name="output">Example Output</a></h2>
+<blockquote>
+<table width='100%'><tr valign='top'><td>
+&gt; <code>exiftool -h -canon pics/IMG_0315.JPG</code><br>&nbsp;
+<!-- pics/IMG_0315.JPG -->
+<table class='box sm tight'>
+<tr><td>File Name</td><td>IMG_0315.JPG</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Camera Model Name</td><td>Canon EOS DIGITAL REBEL</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Date/Time Original</td><td>2003:09:30 13:37:51</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Shooting Mode</td><td>Sports</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Shutter Speed</td><td>1/2000</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Aperture</td><td>7.1</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Metering Mode</td><td>Evaluative</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Exposure Compensation</td><td>0</td></tr>
+<tr><td>ISO</td><td>400</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Lens</td><td>75.0 - 300.0 mm</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Focal Length</td><td>300.0 mm</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Image Size</td><td>3072x2048</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Quality</td><td>Normal</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Flash</td><td>Off, Did not fire</td></tr>
+<tr><td>White Balance</td><td>Auto</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Focus Mode</td><td>AI Servo AF</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Contrast</td><td>+1</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Sharpness</td><td>+1</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Saturation</td><td>+1</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Color Tone</td><td>Normal</td></tr>
+<tr><td>File Size</td><td>1606 kB</td></tr>
+<tr><td>File Number</td><td>103-0315</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Drive Mode</td><td>Continuous shooting</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Owner Name</td><td>Phil Harvey</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Serial Number</td><td>0560012345</td></tr>
+</table>
+</td><td>
+&gt; <code>exiftool -lang ja -h -canon pics/IMG_0315.JPG</code><br>&nbsp;
+<!-- pics/IMG_0315.JPG -->
+<table class='box sm tight'>
+<tr><td>&#x30d5;&#x30a1;&#x30a4;&#x30eb;&#x540d;</td><td>IMG_0315.JPG</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x753b;&#x50cf;&#x5165;&#x529b;&#x6a5f;&#x5668;&#x30e2;&#x30c7;&#x30eb;</td><td>Canon EOS DIGITAL REBEL</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x30aa;&#x30ea;&#x30b8;&#x30ca;&#x30eb;&#x30c7;&#x30fc;&#x30bf;&#x4f5c;&#x6210;&#x65e5;&#x6642;</td><td>2003:09:30 13:37:51</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x64ae;&#x5f71;&#x30e2;&#x30fc;&#x30c9;</td><td>&#x30b9;&#x30dd;&#x30fc;&#x30c4;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x9732;&#x51fa;&#x6642;&#x9593;</td><td>1/2000</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x7d5e;&#x308a;</td><td>7.1</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x6e2c;&#x5149;&#x30e2;&#x30fc;&#x30c9;</td><td>&#x8a55;&#x4fa1;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x9732;&#x51fa;&#x88dc;&#x6b63;&#x5024;</td><td>0</td></tr>
+<tr><td>ISO&#x30b9;&#x30d4;&#x30fc;&#x30c9;&#x30ec;&#x30fc;&#x30c8;</td><td>400</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x30ec;&#x30f3;&#x30ba;</td><td>75.0 - 300.0 mm</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x30ec;&#x30f3;&#x30ba;&#x7126;&#x70b9;&#x8ddd;&#x96e2;</td><td>300.0 mm</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x30a4;&#x30e1;&#x30fc;&#x30b8;&#x30b5;&#x30a4;&#x30ba;</td><td>3072x2048</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x54c1;&#x8cea;</td><td>&#x6a19;&#x6e96;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x30b9;&#x30c8;&#x30ed;&#x30dc;</td><td>&#x30d5;&#x30e9;&#x30c3;&#x30b7;&#x30e5;&#x672a;&#x767a;&#x5149;&#x3001;&#x5f37;&#x5236;&#x767a;&#x5149;&#x30e2;&#x30fc;&#x30c9;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x30db;&#x30ef;&#x30a4;&#x30c8;&#x30d0;&#x30e9;&#x30f3;&#x30b9;</td><td>&#x30aa;&#x30fc;&#x30c8;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x30d5;&#x30a9;&#x30fc;&#x30ab;&#x30b9;&#x30e2;&#x30fc;&#x30c9;</td><td>AI&#x30b5;&#x30fc;&#x30dc;AF</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x30b3;&#x30f3;&#x30c8;&#x30e9;&#x30b9;&#x30c8;</td><td>+1</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x30b7;&#x30e3;&#x30fc;&#x30d7;&#x30cd;&#x30b9;</td><td>+1</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x5f69;&#x5ea6;</td><td>+1</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x30ab;&#x30e9;&#x30fc;&#x30c8;&#x30fc;&#x30f3;</td><td>&#x6a19;&#x6e96;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x30d5;&#x30a1;&#x30a4;&#x30eb;&#x306e;&#x30b5;&#x30a4;&#x30ba;</td><td>1606 kB</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x30d5;&#x30a1;&#x30a4;&#x30eb;&#x756a;&#x53f7;</td><td>103-0315</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x30c9;&#x30e9;&#x30a4;&#x30d6;&#x30e2;&#x30fc;&#x30c9;</td><td>&#x9023;&#x7d9a;&#x64ae;&#x5f71;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x30aa;&#x30fc;&#x30ca;&#x30fc;&#x540d;</td><td>Phil Harvey</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&#x30b7;&#x30ea;&#x30a2;&#x30eb;&#x756a;&#x53f7;</td><td>0560012345</td></tr>
+</table>
+</td></tr></table>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>Verbose and HtmlDump Output</h3>
+<p>The <a href="verbose.html">Verbose</a> (<code>-v</code>) and <a
+href="htmldump.html">HtmlDump</a> (<code>-htmlDump</code>) options print additional
+information that can be very useful for debugging or when decoding new tags.</p>
+<h2><a name="tagnames">Tag Names Explained</a></h2>
+<p>A tag name is a "handle" that is used to refer to a specific piece of meta
+information.  Tag names are entered on the command line with a leading
+'<code>-</code>', in the order you want them displayed.  Case is not
+significant.  The tag name may be prefixed by a <a href="#groups">group name</a>
+from family 0 or 1 (separated by a colon) to identify a specific information
+type or location.  A special tag name of "<code>All</code>" may be used to
+represent all tags, or all tags in a specified group. For example:</p>
+<blockquote><pre>
+exiftool -filename -imagesize -exif:fnumber -xmp:all image.jpg
+</pre></blockquote>
+<p>A complete list of <a href="TagNames/index.html">ExifTool Tag Names</a>
+accompanies this documentation.  As well, current lists of available tag names
+and writable tag names may be obtained using the exiftool <code>-list</code> and
+<code>-listw</code> options. But perhaps the easiest way to determine a tag name
+is to use the <code>-s</code> option to print the tag names instead of
+descriptions for all information in a file.  It may also be helpful to use the
+<code>-G</code> option to display the group names, and the <code>-H</code> or
+<code>-D</code> option to print the numerical tag ID's for reference.</p>
+<p><b>Notes:</b></p>
+<ol><li>Tag names sometimes differ from their descriptions.  Use the
+<code>-s</code> command-line option to see the actual tag names instead of the
+descriptions shown when extracting information.</li>
+<li>When extracting information, tags will not appear in the output unless they
+exist in the file, even if they are specified on the command line.  The
+<code>-f</code> option may be used to force all specified tags to be displayed.</li>
+<li>Information for a given tag name may occur in multiple locations within a
+single file.  By default these duplicate tags are suppressed, but the <code>-a</code>
+option may be used to extract all tags.</li>
+<li>Tag names may be suffixed by a '<code>#</code>' character to disable the
+print conversion on a per-tag basis.  See the
+<a href="exiftool_pod.html#item_n">-n option</a> in the application
+documentation for more information.</li>
+</ol>
+<h3><a name="shortcut">Shortcut Tags</a></h3>
+<p>Shortcut tags represent one or more other tags, and are used like any other
+tag when reading, writing or copying information.</p>
+<p>ExifTool defines <a href="TagNames/Shortcuts.html">a few shortcut tags</a>
+in the Image::ExifTool::Shortcuts module, and allows users to define their own
+shortcuts in a <a href="config.html">configuration file</a> called
+"<code>.ExifTool_config</code>" in their home directory or exiftool application
+directory.  Here is a simple example that defines two shortcuts:</p>
+<blockquote><table class='box'><tr><td><pre class='blk'>
+%Image::ExifTool::UserDefined::Shortcuts = (
+    MyShortcut =&gt; ['createdate','exposuretime','aperture'],
+    MyAlias =&gt; 'FocalLengthIn35mmFormat',
+);
+</pre></td></tr></table></blockquote>
+<p>In this example, MyShortcut is a shortcut for the CreateDate, ExposureTime
+and Aperture tags, and MyAlias is a shortcut for FocalLengthIn35mmFormat.</p>
+<p>The current shortcuts may be listed with the <code>-list</code> option.</p>
+<p>The <code>~/.ExifTool_config</code> file may also be used to define new tags.
+For more information about the configuration file, see the
+<a href="config.html">sample configuration file</a> included with the ExifTool
+distribution.</p>
+<p><b>Windows tip:</b>  You may have difficulty generating a filename beginning
+with a '<code>.</code>' in the Windows GUI, but it can be done with the
+"<code>rename</code>" command at the cmd.exe prompt.</p>
+<h2><a name="groups">Tag Groups</a></h2>
+<p>ExifTool classifies tags into groups in five different families.
+These groups are:</p>
+<blockquote><table class='norm'>
+<tr><th>Family</th><th>Group Names</th></tr>
+<tr><td><b>0 (Information&nbsp;Type)</b></td>
+<td>AFCP, AIFF, APE, APP0, APP1, APP12, APP13, APP14, APP15, APP4, APP5, APP6,
+APP8, ASF, CanonVRD, Composite, DICOM, DNG, DV, DjVu, Ducky, EXE, EXIF,
+ExifTool, FLAC, FLIR, File, Flash, FlashPix, Font, FotoStation, GIF, GIMP,
+GeoTiff, H264, HTML, ICC_Profile, ID3, IPTC, ITC, JFIF, JPEG, Jpeg2000, LNK,
+Leaf, M2TS, MIE, MIFF, MNG, MPC, MPEG, MPF, MXF, MakerNotes, Matroska, Meta,
+Ogg, OpenEXR, PDF, PICT, PLIST, PNG, PSP, PanasonicRaw, PhotoCD,
+PhotoMechanic, Photoshop, PostScript, PrintIM, QuickTime, RAF, RIFF, RSRC,
+RTF, Radiance, Rawzor, Real, SVG, SigmaRaw, Stim, Theora, Vorbis, XML, XMP,
+ZIP
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td><b>1&nbsp;(Specific&nbsp;Location)</b></td>
+<td>AC3, AFCP, AIFF, APE, ASF, AVI1, Adobe, AdobeCM, AdobeDNG, CIFF, Canon,
+CanonCustom, CanonRaw, CanonVRD, Casio, Chapter#, Composite, DICOM, DNG, DV,
+DjVu, DjVu-Meta, Ducky, EPPIM, EXE, EXIF, ExifIFD, ExifTool, FLAC, File,
+Flash, FlashPix, FLIR, Font, FotoStation, FujiFilm, FujiIFD, GE, GIF, GIMP,
+GPS, GeoTiff, GlobParamIFD, GraphConv, H264, HP, HTML, HTML-dc, HTML-ncc,
+HTML-office, HTML-prod, HTML-vw96, HTTP-equiv, ICC-chrm, ICC-clrt,
+ICC-header, ICC-meas, ICC-meta, ICC-view, ICC_Profile, ICC_Profile#, ID3,
+ID3v1, ID3v1_Enh, ID3v2_2, ID3v2_3, ID3v2_4, IFD0, IFD1, IPTC, IPTC#, ITC,
+InteropIFD, JFIF, JPEG, JVC, Jpeg2000, KDC_IFD, Kodak, KodakBordersIFD,
+KodakEffectsIFD, KodakIFD, KyoceraRaw, LNK, Leaf, LeafSubIFD, Leica, M2TS,
+MAC, MIE-Audio, MIE-Camera, MIE-Canon, MIE-Doc, MIE-Extender, MIE-Flash,
+MIE-GPS, MIE-Geo, MIE-Image, MIE-Lens, MIE-Main, MIE-MakerNotes, MIE-Meta,
+MIE-Orient, MIE-Preview, MIE-Thumbnail, MIE-UTM, MIE-Unknown, MIE-Video,
+MIFF, MNG, MPC, MPEG, MPF0, MPImage, MXF, MakerNotes, MakerUnknown,
+Matroska, MetaIFD, Microsoft, Minolta, MinoltaRaw, NITF, Nikon,
+NikonCapture, NikonCustom, NikonScan, Ocad, Ogg, Olympus, OpenEXR, PDF,
+PICT, PLIST, PNG, PSP, Panasonic, PanasonicRaw, Pentax, PhaseOne, PhotoCD,
+PhotoMechanic, Photoshop, PictureInfo, PostScript, PreviewIFD, PrintIM,
+ProfileIFD, Qualcomm, QuickTime, RAF, RAF2, RIFF, RMETA, RSRC, RTF,
+Radiance, Rawzor, Real, Real-CONT, Real-MDPR, Real-PROP, Real-RA3, Real-RA4,
+Real-RA5, Real-RJMD, Reconyx, Ricoh, SPIFF, SR2, SR2DataIFD, SR2SubIFD,
+SRF#, SVG, Samsung, Sanyo, Scalado, Sigma, SigmaRaw, Sony, SonyIDC, Stim,
+SubIFD, System, Theora, Track#, Version0, Vorbis, XML, XMP, XMP-DICOM,
+XMP-GPano, XMP-MP, XMP-MP1, XMP-PixelLive, XMP-aas, XMP-acdsee, XMP-album,
+XMP-apple-fi, XMP-aux, XMP-cc, XMP-cell, XMP-crs, XMP-dc, XMP-dex,
+XMP-digiKam, XMP-dwc, XMP-exif, XMP-expressionmedia, XMP-extensis, XMP-fpv,
+XMP-ics, XMP-iptcCore, XMP-iptcExt, XMP-lr, XMP-mediapro, XMP-microsoft,
+XMP-mwg-coll, XMP-mwg-kw, XMP-mwg-rs, XMP-pdf, XMP-pdfx, XMP-photomech,
+XMP-photoshop, XMP-plus, XMP-prism, XMP-prl, XMP-pur, XMP-rdf, XMP-swf,
+XMP-tiff, XMP-x, XMP-xmp, XMP-xmpBJ, XMP-xmpDM, XMP-xmpMM, XMP-xmpNote,
+XMP-xmpPLUS, XMP-xmpRights, XMP-xmpTPg, ZIP
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td><b>2&nbsp;(Category)</b></td>
+<td>Audio, Author, Camera, Document, ExifTool, Image, Location, Other, Printing,
+Time, Unknown, Video
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td><b>3&nbsp;(Document&nbsp;Number)</b></td>
+<td>Doc#, Main
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td><b>4&nbsp;(Instance&nbsp;Number)</b></td>
+<td>Copy#
+</td></tr>
+</table></blockquote>
+<p>The exiftool output can be organized based on these groups using the
+<code>-g</code> or <code>-G</code> option.  See the
+<a href="ExifTool.html#GetGroup">GetGroup</a> function in the ExifTool library
+for a description of the group families.</p>
+<h2><a name="writing">Writing Meta Information</a></h2>
+<p>When writing information, ExifTool preserves the original file by adding
+"<code>_original</code>" to the file name.  Be sure to keep a copy of the
+original, or thoroughly validate the new file before erasing the original.
+(<a href="writing.html">Read here</a> for some ramblings on the subject of
+writing meta information.)</p>
+<h3>Syntax</h3>
+<p>Tag values are written rather than being extracted if any tag name ends with
+a '<code>=</code>' symbol (or if the <code>-tagsFromFile</code> or
+<code>-geotag</code> options are used).  The '<code>=</code>' may be prefixed by
+'<code>+</code>', '<code>-</code>' or '<code>&lt;</code>' to add a value, remove
+a value or set a value from file. The following table outlines the different
+write syntaxes:</p>
+<blockquote><table class='norm'>
+<tr><th>Syntax</th><th>Result</th></tr>
+<tr><td>-TAG=</td><td>Deletes all occurrences of TAG</td></tr>
+<tr><td>-all=</td><td>Deletes all meta information!</td></tr>
+<tr><td>-GROUP:TAG=</td><td>Deletes TAG only in specified group</td></tr>
+<tr><td>-GROUP:all=</td><td>Deletes all information in specified group</td></tr>
+<tr><td>-[GROUP:]TAG=VALUE</td><td>Sets value of TAG (only in GROUP if specified)</td></tr>
+<tr><td>-[GROUP:]TAG+=VALUE</td><td>Adds item to a list, shifts a date/time, or increments a number</td></tr>
+<tr><td>-[GROUP:]TAG-=VALUE</td><td>Removes item from a list, shifts a date/time, or deletes TAG if it has the specified value</td></tr>
+<tr><td>-[GROUP:]TAG&lt;=FILE</td><td>Sets tag value from contents of specified file</td></tr>
+</table></blockquote>
+<p>Quotes are required around VALUE if it contains spaces or other
+special characters, and around the whole argument if the '<code>&lt;=</code>'
+syntax is used (to prevent shell redirection).</p>
+<p>A special feature allows the print conversion to be disabled on a per-tag
+basis by suffixing any tag name (including '<code>all</code>') with the
+'<code>#</code>' character.  This has the same effect as the
+<code>-n</code> option, but for a single tag.  See the
+<a href="exiftool_pod.html#item_n">-n option</a> in the application
+documentation for more details.</p>
+<p><b>Note:</b> Changes to PDF files are reversible because the original
+metadata is never actually deleted from these files.  See the
+<a href="TagNames/PDF.html">PDF Tags documentation</a> for details.</p>
+<h3>Group Priorities</h3>
+<p>ExifTool prioritizes the following types of meta information when writing:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<b>1)</b> EXIF, &nbsp; <b>2)</b> IPTC, &nbsp; <b>3)</b> XMP
+</blockquote>
+<p>Many tag names are valid for more than one of these groups.  If a group name is
+not specified when writing information, then the information is added only to
+the highest priority group for which the tag name is valid (however, the
+information is updated in all groups where the tag already existed).  The
+priority of the groups is given by the list above. Specifically, this means that
+new information is added preferentially to the EXIF group, or to the IPTC group
+if no corresponding EXIF tag exists, or finally to the XMP group.</p>
+<p>Alternatively, information may be written to a specific group only, bypassing
+these priorities, by providing a group name for the tag.  The
+"<a href="#writing">Writing Meta Information</a>" section above gave the syntax
+rules for exiftool command-line arguments to do this.  Any family 0 or 1 group
+name may be used when writing information, although not all groups are writable.</p>
+<h3>The "-tagsFromFile" Option</h3>
+<p>A special ExifTool option allows copying tags from one file to another. The
+command-line syntax for doing this is
+"<code>-tagsFromFile <i>SRCFILE</i></code>".  Any tags specified after this
+option on the command line are extracted from source file and written to the
+destination file.  If no tags are specified, then all writable tags are copied.
+This option is very simple, yet very powerful.  Depending on the formats of the
+source and destination files, some of tags read may not be valid in the
+destination file, in which case they aren't written.</p>
+<p>This option may also be used to transfer information between different tags
+within a single image or between different images.  See the
+<a href="exiftool_pod.html#item__2dtagsfromfile_srcfile_or_fmt">-tagsFromFile
+option</a> in the application documentation for more details.</p>
+<h2><font color='#cc0000'><a name="limitations">Writer Limitations</a></font></h2>
+<ul>
+<li>ExifTool will not rewrite a file if it detects a significant problem with
+the file format.</li>
+<li>ExifTool has been tested with a wide range of different images, but since it
+is not possible to test it with every known image type, there is the possibility
+that it will corrupt some files.  Be sure to keep backups of your files.</li>
+<li>Even though ExifTool does some validation of the information written, it is
+still possible to write illegal values which may cause problems when reading the
+images with other software.  So take care to validate the information you are
+writing.</li>
+</ul>
+<h2><font color='#cc6600'><a name="problems">Known Problems</a></font></h2>
+<ul>
+<li>There is a bug in a number of <b>Adobe</b> utilities which causes some
+edited <b>Sony ARW</b> images to be displayed with the wrong tone curve. This
+problem has been observed in Photoshop CS4 Camera Raw 5.6, DNG Converter 5.6 and
+Lightroom 2.6 with ARW images from the A500, A550, A700, A850 and A900. Other
+software such as the Sony IDC utility, Apple RAW utilities, dcraw and Capture
+One have no problems with edited images. <i class=grn>[This bug is fixed in
+Camera Raw 6.3 and LR 3.3]</i></li>
+<li>There is a bug in the <b>Apple</b> RAW file support (OS X 10.4.11) which
+prevents some edited <b>Pentax PEF</b> images from being displayed properly.
+Other software such as the Pentax Silkypix software and dcraw have no problems
+with these images. <i class=grn>[This bug is fixed in OS X 10.5.4]</i></li>
+<li>In <b>Windows</b>, ExifTool will not process files with <b>Unicode
+characters in the file name</b>.  This is due to an underlying lack of support
+for Unicode filenames in the Windows standard C I/O libraries.</li>
+</ul>
+<h2><font color='#cc6600'><a name="security">Security Issues</a></font></h2>
+<p>Some ExifTool options (<code>-if</code>, <code>-p</code>, and copying
+arguments like <code>"-DSTTAG&lt;SRCTAG"</code>) have the ability to execute Perl
+code from within command-line arguments.  This becomes a problem if ExifTool is
+executed from another application that blindly passes untrusted file names on
+the command line, since they may be interpreted as ExifTool options if they
+contain a leading dash.  To be secure, the calling application must ensure that
+input file names do not start with a dash (U+002D) or a Unicode minus sign
+(U+2212).  The easiest way to accomplish this is to prefix input file names with
+a known directory name, ie) <code>"./FILENAME"</code>.</p>
+<h2><a name="shift">Date/Time Shift Feature</a></h2>
+<p>Have you ever forgotten to set the date/time on your digital camera before
+taking a bunch of pictures?  ExifTool has a time shift feature that makes it
+easy to apply a batch fix to the timestamps of the images (ie. change the "Date
+Picture Taken" reported by Windows Explorer).  Say for example that your camera
+clock was reset to 2000:01:01&nbsp;00:00:00 when you put in a new battery at
+2005:11:03&nbsp;10:48:00.  Then all of the pictures you took subsequently have
+timestamps that are wrong by 5 years, 10 months, 2 days, 10 hours and 48
+minutes.  To fix this, put all of the images in the same directory
+(<i>"<code>DIR</code>"</i>) and run exiftool:</p>
+<blockquote><pre>
+exiftool "-DateTimeOriginal+=5:10:2 10:48:0" <i>DIR</i>
+</pre></blockquote>
+<p>The example above changes only the DateTimeOriginal tag, but any writable date
+or time tag can be shifted, and multiple tags may be written with a single
+command line.  Commonly, in JPEG images, the DateTimeOriginal, CreateDate and
+ModifyDate values must all be changed.  For convenience, a
+<a href="#shortcut">shortcut</a> tag called <b>AllDates</b> has been defined to
+represent these three tags.  So, for example, if you forgot to set your camera
+clock back 1 hour at the end of daylight savings time in the fall, you can fix
+the images with:</p>
+<blockquote><pre>
+exiftool -AllDates-=1 <i>DIR</i>
+</pre></blockquote>
+<p>See
+<a href="Shift.html">Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl</a>
+(<a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/Shift.pdf">download in PDF format</a>)
+for details about the syntax of the time shift string.</p>
+<h2><a name="filename">Renaming and/or Moving Files</a></h2>
+<p>By writing a new value to the <b>FileName</b> and/or <b>Directory</b> tags,
+files can be renamed and/or moved to different directories.  This can be a very
+powerful tool in combination with the <code>-d</code> (date format) option for
+organizing images by date/time. For example, the following command renames all
+images in directory <i>"<code>DIR</code>"</i> according to the individual file's
+creation date in the form "<code>YYYYmmdd_HHMMSS.ext</code>".</p>
+<blockquote><pre>
+exiftool "-FileName&lt;CreateDate" -d "%Y%m%d_%H%M%S.%%e" <i>DIR</i>
+</pre></blockquote>
+<p>Or a new directory can be specified by setting the value of the <b>Directory</b>
+tag.  For example, the following command moves all images originally in
+directory <i>"<code>DIR</code>"</i> into a directory hierarchy organized by
+year/month/day:</p>
+<blockquote><pre>
+exiftool "-Directory&lt;DateTimeOriginal" -d "%Y/%m/%d" <i>DIR</i>
+</pre></blockquote>
+<p><a href="filename.html">Read here</a> for more details about this powerful
+feature.</p>
+<h2><a name="performance">Improving Performance</a></h2>
+<p>There is a significant overhead in loading ExifTool, so performance may be
+greatly improved by taking advantage of ExifTool's batch processing capabilities
+(the ability to process multiple files or entire directories with a single
+command) to reduce the number of executed commands when performing complex
+operations or processing multiple files.<span class='sm'><sup>&dagger;</sup></span>
+<i>[One exiftool user <a href="http://www.christian-etter.de/?p=458">documented
+a 60x speed increase</a> by processing a large number of files with a single
+command instead of running exiftool separately on each file.]</i> Also, the
+<code>-execute</code> option may be used to perform multiple independent
+operations with a single invocation of exiftool, and together with the
+<code>-stay_open</code> option provides a method for calling applications to
+avoid this startup overhead.</p>
+<p>The processing speed of ExifTool can be improved when extracting information
+by reducing the amount of work that it must do.  Decrease the number of
+extracted tags by specifying them individually (<code>-TAG</code>) or by group
+(<code>-GROUP:all</code>), and disable the composite tags (<code>-e</code>) and
+the print conversions (<code>-n</code>) if these features aren't required.  Note
+that the exclude options (<code>-x</code> or <code>--TAG</code>) are not very
+efficient, and may have a negative impact on performance if a large number of
+tags are excluded individually.</p>
+<p>The <code>-fast</code> option can significantly increase speed when
+extracting information from JPEG images which are piped across a slow network
+connection.  However, with this option any information in a JPEG trailer is not
+extracted.  For more substantial speed benefits, <code>-fast2</code> may be
+used to also avoid extracting MakerNote information if this is not required.</p>
+<p>When writing, avoid copying tags (with <code>-tagsFromFile</code>) or using
+the <code>-if</code> or <code>-fileOrder</code> option because these will add
+the extra step of extracting tags from the file.  Without these the write
+operation is accomplished with a single pass of each file.</p>
+<blockquote><span class='sm'><sup>&dagger;</sup></span> <span class=lt>However,
+note that when the <code>-csv</code> option is used, information from all files
+is buffered in memory before the CSV output is written.  This may be very memory
+intensive and result in poor performance when reading a large number of files in
+a single command.</span></blockquote>
+<h2><a name="library">The Image::ExifTool Perl Library Module</a></h2>
+<p>The "<code>exiftool</code>" script provides a command-line interface to the
+Image::ExifTool Perl library module which is part of the ExifTool distribution.
+The Image::ExifTool module can be used in any Perl script to provide easy access
+to meta information.  Here is an example of a very simple script that uses
+Image::ExifTool to print out all recognized meta information in a file:</p>
+<blockquote><table class='box'><tr><td><pre class='blk'>
+<span class='com'>#!/usr/bin/perl -w</span>
+use Image::ExifTool ':Public';
+my $file = shift or die "Please specify filename";
+my $info = <a href="ExifTool.html#ImageInfo">ImageInfo</a>($file);
+foreach (keys %$info) {
+    print "$_ : $info-&gt;{$_}\n";
+}
+</pre></td></tr></table></blockquote>
+<p>Note that some tag values may be returned as SCALAR references indicating
+binary data.  The simple script above does not handle this case.</p>
+<p>See the <a href="ExifTool.html">Image::ExifTool Documentation</a> for more details.</p>
+<h2><a name="links">Additional Documentation and Resources</a></h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/">ExifTool Home Page</a>
+(<a href="http://softdroid.net/exiftool-f%d1%96l">Ukrainian</a> or <a href="http://science.webhostinggeeks.com/exiftool">Serbo-Croatian</a> translation)</li>
+<li><a href="faq.html">ExifTool FAQ</a></li>
+<li><a href="TagNames/index.html">ExifTool Tag Names</a></li>
+<li><a href="history.html">ExifTool Revision History</a> (<a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/rss.xml">RSS feed</a>)</li>
+<li><a href="exiftool_pod.html">exiftool Application Documentation</a> (<a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/exiftool_pod.pdf">download in PDF format</a>)</li>
+<li><a href="ExifTool.html">Image::ExifTool API Documentation</a> (<a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/ExifTool.pdf">download in PDF format</a>)</li>
+<li><a href="Shift.html">Date/Time Shift Module</a> (<a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/Shift.pdf">download in PDF format</a>)</li>
+<li><a href="config.html">Sample ExifTool Configuration File</a> (custom user-defined tags)</li>
+<li><a href="metafiles.html">Working with Metadata Sidecar Files</a></li>
+<li><a href="struct.html">Reading/Writing Structured Information</a></li>
+<li><a href="writing.html">Comments on the Subject of Writing Meta Information</a></li>
+<li><a href="standards.html">Problems with current Metadata Standards</a></li>
+<li><a href="under.html">"Under the Hood" of ExifTool</a></li>
+<li><a href="canon_raw.html">Canon RAW (CRW) File Format Specification</a></li>
+<li><a href="MIE1.1-20070121.pdf">MIE 1.1 File Format Specification (pdf)</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/sample_images.html">JPEG Image Samples</a> (and
+    <a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/makernote_types.html">Table of Makernote Types</a>)</li>
+<li><a href="http://u88.n24.queensu.ca/exiftool/forum/">ExifTool Forum</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/Image-ExifTool/">Image::ExifTool at CPAN</a> (CPAN Search)</li>
+<li><a href="https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=Image-ExifTool">ExifTool Bug Reports</a> (CPAN Request Tracker)</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.cpantesters.org/distro/I/Image-ExifTool.html">ExifTool Test Reports</a> (CPAN Testers)</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a name="related">Related Utilities</a></h3>
+<p>Below are some free utilities which take advantage of the ExifTool engine:</p>
+<p><b><a name="related_win">Windows</a></b></p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://u88.n24.queensu.ca/~bogdan/">ExifTool GUI for Windows</a>: GUI for viewing meta information with some editing features</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.thezeal.com/software/?Exif_Stats_Utility">Exif Stats Utility</a>: Analyzes images to tabulate apertures, exposure times, etc</li>
+<li><a href="http://aeropic.free.fr/H&amp;B/AUTO_ISO_patcher/">Auto ISO Tool</a>: GUI front-end for ExifTool to patch Canon ISO information</li>
+<li><a href="http://home.roadrunner.com/~dick/ExifAuto.htm">ExifAuto</a>: GUI front-end for ExifTool to perform simple operations</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.geosetter.de/en/">GeoSetter</a>: Utility for showing and changing geo data of image files</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.moonsoftware.com/exifmixer.asp">ExifMixer</a>: GUI extension for the exiftool command-line interface</li>
+<li><a href="http://fliggs.wordpress.com/2009/02/01/exifdropper-v090902-released/">ExifDropper</a>: Graphical front-end for ExifTool with drag-and-drop</li>
+<li><a href="http://gpstamper.wordpress.com/geotagger/">GPStamper Geotagger</a>: A simple Windows GUI front end for geotagging images</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.anvo-it.de/wiki/doku.php?id=avpicfacexmptagger:main">AvPicFaceXmpTagger</a>: Write Picasa 3.5 face recognition information as XMP to your images</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.ulfwood.net/Mp3TagFileData/Id3TagExifViewer.aspx">FileTagSleuth</a>: MP3, ID3 and EXIF viewer</li>
+<li><a href="http://exifcopier.110mb.com/">Exif Copier</a>: Copy Exif data between sets of multiple images</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.xtrasimplicity.info/archives/185">ExifyMe</a>: Restore Exif metadata from an original image</li>
+<li><a href="http://mjbpix.com/automatically-move-photos-to-directories-or-folders-based-on-exif-date/">PhotoMove</a>: Automatically move photos to directories or folders based on Exif date taken</li>
+<li><a href="http://code.google.com/p/tinyexif/">TinyExif</a>: Simple Windows GUI for ExifTool written in Python using the Qt4 toolkit</li>
+<li><a href="http://gui2-for-exiftool.weebly.com/">GUI2 for ExifTool</a>: An ExifTool GUI with built-in editor and browser</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.kula-shaker.ru/autojpegtrunk-english">AutoJpegTrunk</a>: Tool to remove all metadata from JPEG images</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.advancedrenamer.com/">AdvancedRenamer</a>: Rename files and folders from metadata</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.proxel.se/exif.html">Proxel EXIF Tool</a>: Photoshop plugin based on ExifTool</li>
+</ul>
+<p><b><a name="related_mac">Mac OS X</a></b></p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/Extract%20Preview.sit">Download</a>
+a stand-alone droplet to extract preview images from RAW files (thanks to Brett Gross)</li>
+<li><a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/List_Exif_Metadata.zip">Download</a>
+three droplets to extract information [exiftool must be installed] (thanks to Rob Lewis)</li>
+<li><a href="http://macfidelity.de/tierprogramm/">Tierprogramm</a>: Droplet to perform some basic operations</li>
+<li><a href="http://frozentime.se/photos/macmetamod.html">MacMetaMod</a>: Droplet for adding Keywords to images</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.earlyinnovations.com/gpsphotolinker/">GPSPhotoLinker</a>: Geotagging on the Mac</li>
+<!-- seems to be dead: <li><a href="http://www.scriptamac.at/geotaggingactions.html">Geotagging Automator Action</a>: Application to geotag images from GPX tracks</li> -->
+<li><a href="http://www.mmisoftware.co.uk/pages/photogpseditor.php">PhotoGPSEditor</a> and <a href="http://www.mmisoftware.co.uk/pages/photoinfoeditor.php">PhotoInfoEditor</a>: Geocoding utilities</li>
+<li><a href="http://automatorworld.com/archives/metadata-mover/">MetaDataMover</a> (<a href="https://github.com/Mortimerp9/MetaDataMover">source</a>): GUI-based automator utility for moving/renaming images</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.lintburger.com/software.php">CS1ToCR2</a>: Utility that uses Sony GPS-CS1 log files to add GPS information to CR2 images</li>
+<li><a href="http://82.94.219.20/~marcvos/software/realbasic/sed.html">SetEXIFData</a>: Utility to set EXIF data</li>
+<li><a href="http://craig.stanton.net.nz/code/geotagger/">Geotagger</a>: Droplet for inserting GPS coordinates in your photos</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.raw-photo-processor.com/RPP/Overview.html">Raw Photo Processor</a>: Raw converter for Mac OS X</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.lemkesoft.com/content/188/graphicconverter.html">GraphicConverter</a>: Full-featured image editor <i>[noteworthy, but not free]</i></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.saltpepper.net/geotag/">GeoTag</a>: Geotagging application for iPhone and OS X</li>
+<li><a href="http://imagefuser.sourceforge.net/">ImageFuser</a>: Fuses multiple exposures of a scene into one image with improved detail/exposure</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.theoneandonlysepp.com/gnt/">GeoNamesTagger</a>: Docklet to easily update image metadata with location specific information</li>
+</ul>
+<p><b><a name="related_linux">Linux</a></b></p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://kde-apps.org/content/show.php?content=30971">rawimage:</a> A kfile plugin and thumbnail image handler for RAW formats</li>
+<!-- apparently abandonded: <li><a href="http://sagittarius.berlios.de/">Sagittarius</a>: Linux XMP metadata editor</li> -->
+<li><a href="http://beam.at/aenima">Photo related scripts</a>: Includes EXIFInfo script to provide statistics from EXIF data</li>
+<li><a href="http://hugin.sourceforge.net/">Hugin</a>: Panorama photo stitcher</li>
+<li><a href="https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/fotopreprocessor/">FotoPreProcessor</a>: PyQt4-based frontend for exiftool to graphically edit metadata</li>
+<li><a href="http://u88.n24.queensu.ca/exiftool/forum/index.php/topic,4715.0.html">ExZenToo</a>: Script for basic ExifTool GUI using Zenity</li>
+</ul>
+<p><b><a name="related_multi">Multi-Platform</a></b></p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://basepath.com/ImageIngester/">ImageIngester</a>: Windows and Mac OS X image workflow automator</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.carto.net/projects/photoTools/gpsPhoto/">gpsPhoto</a>: Geotag your images from a GPS (GPX) track log</li>
+<li><a href="https://puszcza.gnu.org.ua/projects/renrot/">renrot</a>: Perl utility to perform various processing tasks on images</li>
+<li><a href="http://code.google.com/p/gpicsync/">GPicSync</a>: Windows/Linux utility to geocode photos from a GPX track log and create KML files</li>
+<li><a href="http://flickfleck.googlecode.com/">FlickFleck</a>: Tool to transfer images from memory card, rotate, rename, and organize by date</li>
+<!-- broken: <li><a href="http://muellerware.org/hg/gpx2exif/">gpx2exif</a>: Python script to geocode photos and produce KML files from a GPS track log</li> -->
+<li><a href="http://geotag.sourceforge.net/?q=node/1">Geotag</a>: Open source Java-based geotagging application</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.haplessgenius.com/photogrok/">PhotoGrok</a>: Java-based GUI front-end for ExifTool to display images organized by any EXIF tag</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.xnview.com/en/xnview.html">XnView</a>: View and convert graphic files</li>
+<li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/mapivi/">Mapivi</a>: Open-source and cross-platform picture manager</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.resourcespace.org/">ResourceSpace</a>: Open source digital asset management system</li>
+<li><a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/fix_corrupted_nef.html">fix_corrupted_nef</a>: Utility to fix Nikon D4/D600/D800/D800E NEF images corrupted by Nikon Transfer 1</li>
+<li><a href="http://panorama.dyndns.org/index.php?lang=en&subject=pyExifToolGUI&texttag=pyExifToolGUI">pyExifToolGUI</a>: Python-based graphical frontend for ExifTool</li>
+</ul>
+<p><b><a name="related_online">Online</a></b></p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://regex.info/exif.cgi">Jeffrey's Exif Viewer</a>: Web utility to view meta information in online images</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.thexifer.net/">The eXif.er</a>: Web-based EXIF editor</li>
+</ul>
+<p><b><a name="related_lightroom">Lightroom Plugins</a></b></p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://regex.info/blog/lightroom-goodies/gps">Jeffrey's Geoencoding Plugin for Lightroom</a>: Geoencode your photos from within Lightroom</li>
+<li><a href="http://regex.info/blog/lightroom-goodies/metadata-wrangler/">Metadata Wrangler</a>: Strip selected metadata components from images as they are exported</li>
+<li><a href="http://chaoliu12.wordpress.com/fullmetaexport-lightroom-plugin/">FullMetaExport</a>: Export JPEG images from Lightroom with full metadata</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.essl.de/wp/2012/05/24/lenstagger-now-with-analog-camera-film-support/">LensTagger</a>:  Add EXIF information like aperture and focal length for manual lenses</li>
+<li><a href="http://tim.jagenberg.info/projects/deaspect/">DeAspect:</a> Remove aspect ratio information from DNG, CR2 and ORF images to restore full image</li>
+</ul>
+<p><b><a name="related_prog">Programming</a></b></p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/get_tags.sit">Download</a> sample AppleScript to extract tags into AppleScript record (thanks to Rob Lewis)</li>
+<li><a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/ExifToolWrapper.zip">Download</a> example of a simple Visual C++ wrapper for exiftool (thanks Mark Borg and &#40643;&#29790;&#26124;)</li>
+<li><a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/ExifToolWrapper_cs.zip">Download</a> C# version of simple exiftool wrapper (thanks Willem Semmelink)</li>
+<li><a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/modExiftool_101.zip">Download</a> Visual Basic 6.0 example script v1.01 for reading tags with exiftool (thanks Michael Wandel)</li>
+<li><a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/vb_sample.html">Sample VB.NET subroutine</a> to extract a preview image (thanks Claus Beckmann)</li>
+<li><a href="http://gitorious.org/mini_exiftool">MiniExiftool</a>: Ruby library wrapper for ExifTool</li>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/mceachen/exiftoolr">exiftoolr</a>: Another Ruby wrapper for ExifTool</li>
+<li><a href="http://smarnach.github.com/pyexiftool/">pyexiftool</a>: Python wrapper for ExifTool</li>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/romainneutron/PHPExiftool">PHPExiftool</a>: PHP wrapper for ExifTool (in development)</li>
+<li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/moss/">Moss</a>: Collection of Java utilities which includes an exiftool interface</li>
+<li><a href="http://im4java.sourceforge.net">im4java</a>: Java interface to ImageMagick, ExifTool, and other image utilities</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.thebuzzmedia.com/software/exiftool-enhanced-java-integration-for-exiftool/">Java ExifTool</a>: Enhanced Java Integration for ExifTool</li>
+<li><a href="https://bitbucket.org/P_W999/j-exiftool/wiki/Home">J-ExifTool</a>: Open-source, cross platform Java7 library to read/write Exif tags in images</li>
+<li><a href="http://u88.n24.queensu.ca/~bogdan/articles/delphi01.html">How to call ExifTool from Delphi</a>, by Bogdan Hrastnik</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Also notable, but not directly based on ExifTool:</p>
+<ul><li><a href="http://www.photome.de/">PhotoME</a>: Windows utility to read/write meta information</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a name="references">References</a></h3>
+<p>The following sources were very useful in helping to decode various types of
+information:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://wtwf.com/wwwis/">wwwis Perl utilites</a> by Alex Knowles</li>
+<li><a href="http://park2.wakwak.com/~tsuruzoh/Computer/Digicams/exif-e.html">http://park2.wakwak.com/~tsuruzoh/Computer/Digicams/exif-e.html</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://johnst.org/sw/exiftags/">http://johnst.org/sw/exiftags/</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/Image-Info/">http://search.cpan.org/dist/Image-Info/</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.sentex.net/~mwandel/jhead/">http://www.sentex.net/~mwandel/jhead/</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/libexif/libexif/">http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/libexif/libexif/</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://neuemuenze.heim1.tu-clausthal.de/~sven/crwinfo/">http://neuemuenze.heim1.tu-clausthal.de/~sven/crwinfo/</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/">http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.dalibor.cz/minolta/makernote.htm">http://www.dalibor.cz/minolta/makernote.htm</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF">http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.x3f.info/technotes/FileDocs/MakerNoteDoc.html">http://www.x3f.info/technotes/FileDocs/MakerNoteDoc.html</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/Image-MetaData-JPEG/">http://search.cpan.org/dist/Image-MetaData-JPEG/</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/dng/main.html">http://www.adobe.com/products/dng/main.html</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.awaresystems.be/imaging/tiff/tifftags.html">http://www.awaresystems.be/imaging/tiff/tifftags.html</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://homepage3.nifty.com/kamisaka/makernote/index.htm">http://homepage3.nifty.com/kamisaka/makernote/index.htm</a>
+   (<a href="http://www.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fhomepage3.nifty.com%2Fkamisaka%2Fmakernote%2Findex.htm&amp;langpair=ja%7Cen&amp;hl=en&amp;ie=UTF8">in english</a>)</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.gvsoft.homedns.org/exif/">http://www.gvsoft.homedns.org/exif/</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a name="videos">How-To Videos</a></h3>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9PAD7GqUag">Using the ExifTool on Linux to read/write Exif Tags to your photo collection</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WchknYwbFJY">Working with jpg Metadata Comments - Exiftool - BASH - Linux Command Line</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a name="other_links">Other Links</a></h3>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://www.ebv4linux.de/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=26">An interview with Phil Harvey</a> (in German), (<a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/PhilHarveyInterview.pdf">English translation in PDF format</a>)</li>
+<li><a href="http://metadatamadness.blogspot.com/">Pepper's "Metadata Madness" blog</a> <i>(Pepper is my cat)</i></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a name="boldly">Boldly Go where No Man has Gone Before...</a></h2>
+<p>There is still much unknown information in the maker notes for many camera
+models.  (To see this information, run exiftool with the <code>-U</code>
+option.)  In this area, ExifTool is very much a collaborative effort, and
+development relies heavily on the input from camera owners to help decode new
+meta information.  If you manage to figure out what any of it means, send me an
+e-mail (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca) and I'll <b>add your new discoveries to
+ExifTool</b>.  Many thanks to all who have helped so far...</p>
+<h2><a name="ack">Acknowledgements</a></h2>
+<p>Thanks to everyone who has sent in bug reports, comments, or suggestions, and
+special thanks to the following people for their valuable input and/or additions
+to the code:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Malcolm Wotton for his help with the D30 Custom Functions</li>
+<li>David Anson for his help sorting out binary file problems on Windows</li>
+<li>Leon Booyens for his suggestions</li>
+<li>Dan Heller for his bug reports, detailed suggestions and guidance</li>
+<li>Wayne Smith for his help figuring out the Pentax maker notes</li>
+<li>Michael Rommel for his bug fixes and additions to the Canon maker notes</li>
+<li>Joseph Heled for help figuring out some of the Nikon D70 maker notes</li>
+<li>Joachim Loehr for adding the Casio type 2 maker notes</li>
+<li>Greg Troxel for his suggestions and for adding ExifTool to pkgsrc</li>
+<li>Thomas Walter for figuring out some Nikon tags</li>
+<li>Brian Ristuccia for more information about some Nikon tags</li>
+<li>Christian Koller for decoding the 20D custom functions</li>
+<li>Matt Madrid for his testing and feedback</li>
+<li>Tom Christiansen for his help decoding some Nikon tags</li>
+<li>Markku H&auml;nninen for help decoding tags for the Olympus E-1</li>
+<li>Frank Ledwon for decoding many new Olympus tags</li>
+<li>Robert Rottmerhusen for decoding many tricky Nikon lens data tags</li>
+<li>Michael Tiemann for decoding a number of new Canon tags</li>
+<li>Albert Bogner for his image samples, testing and useful suggestions</li>
+<li>Rainer H&ouml;nle for decoding a number of new Canon 5D tags</li>
+<li>Nilesh Patel for his help with the web page layout</li>
+<li>Jens Duttke for his suggestions, bug reports and help decoding new tags</li>
+<li>Dave Nicholson for decoding new tags in Pentax and Canon maker notes</li>
+<li>Bogdan Hrastnik for his feedback, decoding efforts, user support and ExifTool GUI</li>
+<li>Igal Milchtaich for decoding many Sony A100 tags</li>
+<li>Laurent Clevy for his work analyzing Canon RAW images</li>
+<li>Warren Hatch for extensive testing and decoding of Nikon D3 tags</li>
+<li>Jos Roost for decoding many Sony tags for various models</li>
+</ul>
+<p>And special thanks to my family for putting up with me and this
+time-consuming hobby of mine.</p>
+<h2><a name="license">License</a></h2>
+<p>This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+same terms as <a href="http://dev.perl.org/licenses/">Perl itself</a>.</p>
+<h2><a name="donate">Donate</a></h2>
+<p>ExifTool is free, but due to popular request I am providing a way for
+those who feel the need to send me some money.  It is really not necessary,
+but thank you very much if you decide to make a contribution:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><center>
+<form action="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr" method="POST">
+<input type="hidden" name="cmd" value="_donations">
+<input type="hidden" name="business" value="phil@physics.queensu.ca">
+<input type="hidden" name="return" value="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/">
+<input type="hidden" name="item_name" value="ExifTool Donation">
+<input type="hidden" name="no_shipping" value="1">
+$<input name="amount" value="0.00" size="6">
+<input type="submit" value="Donate via PayPal">
+</form>
+</center></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</blockquote>
+<h2><a name="contact">Contact Me</a></h2>
+<p>If you have any comments, suggestions or questions, please post to the
+<a href="http://u88.n24.queensu.ca/exiftool/forum/">ExifTool Forum</a> so
+other people may benefit from your experiences.  (I check the forum at least as
+often as my email.)  Otherwise, if you must contact me directly, my e-mail
+address is on the first line of the README file in the full distribution.
+Thanks. &nbsp; - <i>Phil Harvey</i></p>
+<div class='wide'><table class='links'><tr>
+<th><a href="install.html" class='wt'>&nbsp;Installing&nbsp;</a></th>
+<th><a href="TagNames/index.html" class='wt'>&nbsp;Tag&nbsp;Names&nbsp;</a></th>
+<th><a href="#links" class='wt'>&nbsp;Resources&nbsp;</a></th>
+<th><a href="history.html" class='wt'>&nbsp;History&nbsp;</a></th>
+<th><a href="http://u88.n24.queensu.ca/exiftool/forum/" class='wt'>&nbsp;Forum&nbsp;</a></th>
+<th class='rt'><a href="faq.html" class='wt'>&nbsp;FAQ&nbsp;</a></th>
+</tr></table></div>
+</body>
+</html>