mini_exiftool_vendored 8.9.7.v2 → 9.2.7.v1

data/vendor/Image-ExifTool-9.27/lib/Image/ExifTool/PLIST.pm

@@ -0,0 +1,449 @@
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# File:         PLIST.pm
+#
+# Description:  Read Apple PLIST information
+#
+# Revisions:    2013-02-01 - P. Harvey Created
+#
+# References:   1) http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd
+#               2) http://opensource.apple.com/source/CF/CF-550/CFBinaryPList.c
+#
+# Notes:      - Sony MODD files also use XML PLIST format, but with a few quirks
+#
+#             - Decodes both the binary and XML-based PLIST formats
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+package Image::ExifTool::PLIST;
+
+use strict;
+use vars qw($VERSION);
+use Image::ExifTool qw(:DataAccess :Utils);
+use Image::ExifTool::XMP;
+
+$VERSION = '1.02';
+
+sub ExtractObject($$;$);
+sub Get24u($$);
+
+# access routines to read various-sized integer/real values (add 0x100 to size for reals)
+my %readProc = (
+    1 => \&Get8u,
+    2 => \&Get16u,
+    3 => \&Get24u,
+    4 => \&Get32u,
+    8 => \&Get64u,
+    0x104 => \&GetFloat,
+    0x108 => \&GetDouble,
+);
+
+# PLIST tags (generated on-the-fly for most tags)
+%Image::ExifTool::PLIST::Main = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&ProcessPLIST,
+    GROUPS => { 0 => 'PLIST', 1 => 'XML', 2 => 'Document' },
+    VARS => { LONG_TAGS => 4 },
+    NOTES => q{
+        Apple Property List tags.  ExifTool reads both XML and binary-format PLIST
+        files, and will extract any existing tags even if they aren't listed below.
+        These tags belong to the family 0 "PLIST" group, but family 1 group may be
+        either "XML" or "PLIST" depending on whether the format is XML or binary.
+    },
+#
+# tags found in PLIST information of QuickTime iTunesInfo iTunMOVI atom (ref PH)
+#
+    'cast//name'          => { Name => 'Cast',          List => 1 },
+    'directors//name'     => { Name => 'Directors',     List => 1 },
+    'producers//name'     => { Name => 'Producers',     List => 1 },
+    'screenwriters//name' => { Name => 'Screenwriters', List => 1 },
+    'codirectors//name'   => { Name => 'Codirectors',   List => 1 }, # (NC)
+    'studio//name'        => { Name => 'Studio',        List => 1 }, # (NC)
+#
+# tags found in MODD files (ref PH)
+#
+    'MetaDataList//DateTimeOriginal' => {
+        Name => 'DateTimeOriginal',
+        Description => 'Date/Time Original',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
+        # Sony uses a "real" here -- number of days since Dec 31, 1899
+        ValueConv => 'IsFloat($val) ? ConvertUnixTime(($val - 25569) * 24 * 3600 + 0.5) : $val',
+        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
+    },
+    'MetaDataList//Duration' => {
+        Name => 'Duration',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Video' },
+        PrintConv => 'ConvertDuration($val)',
+    },
+    'MetaDataList//Geolocation/Latitude' => {
+        Name => 'GPSLatitude',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Location' },
+        PrintConv => q{
+            require Image::ExifTool::GPS;
+            Image::ExifTool::GPS::ToDMS($self, $val, 1, 'N');
+        },
+    },
+    'MetaDataList//Geolocation/Longitude' => {
+        Name => 'GPSLongitude',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Location' },
+        PrintConv => q{
+            require Image::ExifTool::GPS;
+            Image::ExifTool::GPS::ToDMS($self, $val, 1, 'E');
+        },
+    },
+    'MetaDataList//Geolocation/MapDatum' => {
+        Name => 'GPSMapDatum',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Location' },
+    },
+    XMLFileType => {
+        # recognize MODD files by their content
+        RawConv => q{
+            if ($val eq 'ModdXML' and $$self{FILE_TYPE} eq 'XMP') {
+                $self->OverrideFileType('MODD');
+            }
+            return $val;
+        },
+    },
+);
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# We found a PLIST XML property name/value
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) tag table ref
+#         2) reference to array of XML property names (last is current property)
+#         3) property value, 4) attribute hash ref (not used here)
+# Returns: 1 if valid tag was found
+sub FoundTag($$$$;$)
+{
+    my ($exifTool, $tagTablePtr, $props, $val, $attrs) = @_;
+    return 0 unless @$props;
+    my $verbose = $exifTool->Options('Verbose');
+    my $keys = $$exifTool{PListKeys} || ( $$exifTool{PListKeys} = [] );
+
+    my $prop = $$props[-1];
+    if ($verbose > 1) {
+        $exifTool->VPrint(0, $$exifTool{INDENT}, '[', join('/',@$props), ' = ',
+            $exifTool->Printable($val), "]\n");
+    }
+    # un-escape XML character entities
+    $val = Image::ExifTool::XMP::UnescapeXML($val);
+
+    # handle the various PLIST properties
+    if ($prop eq 'data') {
+        if ($val =~ /^[0-9a-f]+$/ and not length($val) & 0x01) {
+            # MODD files use ASCII-hex encoded "data"...
+            my $buff = pack('H*', $val);
+            $val = \$buff;
+        } else {
+            # ...but the PLIST DTD specifies Base64 encoding
+            $val = Image::ExifTool::XMP::DecodeBase64($val);
+        }
+    } elsif ($prop eq 'date') {
+        $val = Image::ExifTool::XMP::ConvertXMPDate($val);
+    } elsif ($prop eq 'true' or $prop eq 'false') {
+        $val = ucfirst $prop;
+    } else {
+        # convert from UTF8 to ExifTool Charset
+        $val = $exifTool->Decode($val, 'UTF8');
+        if ($prop eq 'key') {
+            if (@$props <= 3) { # top-level key should be plist/dict/key
+                @$keys = ( $val );
+            } else {
+                # save key names to be used in tag name
+                push @$keys, '' while @$keys < @$props - 3;
+                pop @$keys while @$keys > @$props - 2;
+                $$keys[@$props - 3] = $val;
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0 unless @$keys; # can't store value if no associated key
+
+    my $tag = join '/', @$keys;     # generate tag ID from 'key' values
+    my $tagInfo = $$tagTablePtr{$tag};
+    unless ($tagInfo) {
+        $exifTool->VPrint(0, $exifTool->{INDENT}, "[adding $tag]\n") if $verbose;
+        # generate tag name from ID
+        my $name = $tag;
+        $name =~ s{^MetaDataList//}{};  # shorten long MODD metadata tag names
+        $name =~ s{//name$}{};          # remove unnecessary MODD "name" property
+        $name =~ s/([^A-Za-z])([a-z])/$1\u$2/g; # capitalize words
+        $name =~ tr/-_a-zA-Z0-9//dc;    # remove illegal characters
+        $tagInfo = { Name => ucfirst($name), List => 1 };
+        if ($prop eq 'date') {
+            $$tagInfo{Groups}{2} = 'Time';
+            $$tagInfo{PrintConv} = '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)';
+        }
+        AddTagToTable($tagTablePtr, $tag, $tagInfo);
+    }
+    # allow list-behaviour only for consecutive tags with the same ID
+    if ($$exifTool{LastPListTag} and $$exifTool{LastPListTag} ne $tagInfo) {
+        delete $$exifTool{LIST_TAGS}{$$exifTool{LastPListTag}};
+    }
+    $$exifTool{LastPListTag} = $tagInfo;
+    # save the tag
+    $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $tag, $val);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Get big-endian 24-bit integer
+# Inputs: 0) data ref, 1) offset
+# Returns: integer value
+sub Get24u($$)
+{
+    my ($dataPt, $off) = @_;
+    return unpack 'N', "\0" . substr($$dataPt, $off, 3);
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Extract object from binary PLIST file at the current file position (ref 2)
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool ref, 1) PLIST info ref, 2) parent tag ID (undef for top)
+# Returns: the object, or undef on error
+sub ExtractObject($$;$)
+{
+    my ($exifTool, $plistInfo, $parent) = @_;
+    my $raf = $$plistInfo{RAF};
+    my ($buff, $val);
+
+    $raf->Read($buff, 1) == 1 or return undef;
+    my $type = ord($buff) >> 4;
+    my $size = ord($buff) & 0x0f;
+    if ($type == 0) {       # null/bool/fill
+        $val = { 0x00=>'<null>', 0x08=>'True', 0x09=>'False', 0x0f=>'<fill>' }->{$size};
+    } elsif ($type == 1 or $type == 2 or $type == 3) { # int, float or date
+        $size = 1 << $size;
+        my $proc = ($type == 1 ? $readProc{$size} : $readProc{$size + 0x100}) or return undef;
+        $val = &$proc(\$buff, 0) if $raf->Read($buff, $size) == $size;
+        if ($type == 3 and defined $val) {   # date
+            # dates are referenced to Jan 1, 2001 (11323 days from Unix time zero)
+            $val = Image::ExifTool::ConvertUnixTime($val + 11323 * 24 * 3600, 1);
+            $$plistInfo{DateFormat} = 1;
+        }
+    } elsif ($type == 8) {  # UID
+        ++$size;
+        $raf->Read($buff, $size) == $size or return undef;
+        my $proc = $readProc{$size};
+        if ($proc) {
+            $val = &$proc(\$buff, 0);
+        } elsif ($size == 16) {
+            require Image::ExifTool::ASF;
+            $val = Image::ExifTool::ASF::GetGUID($buff);
+        } else {
+            $val = "0x" . unpack 'H*', $buff;
+        }
+    } else {
+        # $size is the size of the remaining types
+        if ($size == 0x0f) {
+            # size is stored in extra integer object
+            $size = ExtractObject($exifTool, $plistInfo);
+            return undef unless defined $size and $size =~ /^\d+$/;
+        }
+        if ($type == 4) {  # data
+            if ($size < 1000000 or $exifTool->Options('Binary')) {
+                $raf->Read($buff, $size) == $size or return undef;
+            } else {
+                $buff = "Binary data $size bytes";
+            }
+            $val = \$buff;  # (return reference for binary data)
+        } elsif ($type == 5) {  # ASCII string
+            $raf->Read($val, $size) == $size or return undef;
+        } elsif ($type == 6) {  # UCS-2BE string
+            $size *= 2;
+            $raf->Read($buff, $size) == $size or return undef;
+            $val = $exifTool->Decode($buff, 'UCS2');
+        } elsif ($type == 10 or $type == 12 or $type == 13) { # array, set or dict
+            # the remaining types store a list of references
+            my $refSize = $$plistInfo{RefSize};
+            my $refProc = $$plistInfo{RefProc};
+            my $num = $type == 13 ? $size * 2 : $size;
+            my $len = $num * $refSize;
+            $raf->Read($buff, $len) == $len or return undef;
+            my $table = $$plistInfo{Table};
+            my ($i, $ref, @refs, @array);
+            for ($i=0; $i<$num; ++$i) {
+                my $ref = &$refProc(\$buff, $i * $refSize);
+                return 0 if $ref >= @$table;
+                push @refs, $ref;
+            }
+            if ($type == 13) { # dict
+                # prevent infinite recursion
+                if (defined $parent and length $parent > 1000) {
+                    $exifTool->WarnOnce('Possible deep recursion while parsing PLIST');
+                    return undef;
+                }
+                my $tagTablePtr = $$plistInfo{TagTablePtr};
+                my $verbose = $exifTool->Options('Verbose');
+                for ($i=0; $i<$size; ++$i) {
+                    # get the entry key
+                    $raf->Seek($$table[$refs[$i]], 0) or return undef;
+                    my $key = ExtractObject($exifTool, $plistInfo);
+                    next unless defined $key and length $key; # silently ignore bad dict entries
+                    # get the entry value
+                    $raf->Seek($$table[$refs[$i+$size]], 0) or return undef;
+                    # generate an ID for this tag
+                    my $tag = defined $parent ? "$parent/$key" : $key;
+                    undef $$plistInfo{DateFormat};
+                    my $val = ExtractObject($exifTool, $plistInfo, $tag);
+                    next if not defined $val or ref($val) eq 'HASH';
+                    my $tagInfo = $exifTool->GetTagInfo($tagTablePtr, $tag);
+                    unless ($tagInfo) {
+                        $exifTool->VPrint(0, $exifTool->{INDENT}, "[adding $tag]\n") if $verbose;
+                        my $name = $tag;
+                        $name =~ s/([^A-Za-z])([a-z])/$1\u$2/g; # capitalize words
+                        $name =~ tr/-_a-zA-Z0-9//dc; # remove illegal characters
+                        $tagInfo = { Name => ucfirst($name), List => 1 };
+                        if ($$plistInfo{DateFormat}) {
+                            $$tagInfo{Groups}{2} = 'Time';
+                            $$tagInfo{PrintConv} = '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)';
+                        }
+                        AddTagToTable($tagTablePtr, $tag, $tagInfo);
+                    }
+                    # allow list-behaviour only for consecutive tags with the same ID
+                    if ($$exifTool{LastPListTag} and $$exifTool{LastPListTag} ne $tagInfo) {
+                        delete $$exifTool{LIST_TAGS}{$$exifTool{LastPListTag}};
+                    }
+                    $$exifTool{LastPListTag} = $tagInfo;
+                    $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $tag, $val);
+                }
+                $val = { }; # flag the value as a dictionary (ie. tags already saved)
+            } else {
+                # extract the referenced objects
+                foreach $ref (@refs) {
+                    $raf->Seek($$table[$ref], 0) or return undef;   # seek to this object
+                    $val = ExtractObject($exifTool, $plistInfo, $parent);
+                    next unless defined $val and ref $val ne 'HASH';
+                    push @array, $val;
+                }
+                $val = \@array;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return $val;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Process binary PLIST file (ref 2)
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) DirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
+# Returns: 1 on success
+sub ProcessBinaryPLIST($$$)
+{
+    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
+    my $raf = $$dirInfo{RAF};
+    my ($i, $buff, @table);
+
+    $exifTool->VerboseDir('Binary PLIST');
+    SetByteOrder('MM');
+
+    # read and parse the trailer
+    $raf->Seek(-32,2) and $raf->Read($buff,32)==32 or return 0;
+    my $intSize = Get8u(\$buff, 6);
+    my $refSize = Get8u(\$buff, 7);
+    my $numObj = Get64u(\$buff, 8);
+    my $topObj = Get64u(\$buff, 16);
+    my $tableOff = Get64u(\$buff, 24);
+
+    return 0 if $topObj >= $numObj;
+    my $intProc = $readProc{$intSize} or return 0;
+    my $refProc = $readProc{$refSize} or return 0;
+
+    # read and parse the offset table
+    my $tableSize = $intSize * $numObj;
+    $raf->Seek($tableOff, 0) and $raf->Read($buff, $tableSize) == $tableSize or return 0;
+    for ($i=0; $i<$numObj; ++$i) {
+        push @table, &$intProc(\$buff, $i * $intSize);
+    }
+    my %plistInfo = (
+        RAF => $raf,
+        RefSize => $refSize,
+        RefProc => $refProc,
+        Table => \@table,
+        TagTablePtr => $tagTablePtr,
+    );
+    # position file pointer at the top object, and extract it
+    $raf->Seek($table[$topObj], 0) or return 0;
+    my $result = ExtractObject($exifTool, \%plistInfo);
+    return defined $result ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Extract information from a PLIST file
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) dirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
+# Returns: 1 on success, 0 if this wasn't valid PLIST
+sub ProcessPLIST($$;$)
+{
+    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
+
+    # process XML PLIST data using the XMP module
+    $$dirInfo{XMPParseOpts}{FoundProc} = \&FoundTag;
+    my $result = Image::ExifTool::XMP::ProcessXMP($exifTool, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr);
+    delete $$dirInfo{XMPParseOpts};
+
+    unless ($result) {
+        my $buff;
+        my $raf = $$dirInfo{RAF} or return 0;
+        $raf->Seek(0,0) and $raf->Read($buff, 64) or return 0;
+        if ($buff =~ /^bplist0/) {
+            # binary PLIST file
+            my $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::PLIST::Main');
+            $exifTool->SetFileType('PLIST', 'application/x-plist');
+            $$exifTool{SET_GROUP1} = 'PLIST';
+            unless (ProcessBinaryPLIST($exifTool, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr)) {
+                $exifTool->Error('Error reading binary PLIST file');
+            }
+            delete $$exifTool{SET_GROUP1};
+            $result = 1;
+        } elsif ($$exifTool{FILE_EXT} and $$exifTool{FILE_EXT} eq 'PLIST' and
+            $buff =~ /^\xfe\xff\x00/)
+        {
+            # (have seen very old PLIST files encoded as UCS-2BE with leading BOM)
+            $exifTool->Error('Old PLIST format currently not supported');
+            $result = 1;
+        }
+    }
+    return $result;
+}
+
+1;  # end
+
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Image::ExifTool::PLIST - Read Apple PLIST information
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+This module is used by Image::ExifTool
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module contains the routines used by Image::ExifTool to extract
+information from Apple Property List files.
+
+=head1 NOTES
+
+This module decodes both the binary and XML-based PLIST format.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Copyright 2003-2013, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=head1 REFERENCES
+
+=over 4
+
+=item L<http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd>
+
+=item L<http://opensource.apple.com/source/CF/CF-550/CFBinaryPList.c>
+
+=back
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames/PLIST Tags>,
+L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>
+
+=cut
+

data/vendor/Image-ExifTool-9.27/lib/Image/ExifTool/PNG.pm

@@ -0,0 +1,1100 @@
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# File:         PNG.pm
+#
+# Description:  Read and write PNG meta information
+#
+# Revisions:    06/10/2005 - P. Harvey Created
+#               06/23/2005 - P. Harvey Added MNG and JNG support
+#               09/16/2005 - P. Harvey Added write support
+#
+# References:   1) http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/spec/1.2/
+#               2) http://www.faqs.org/docs/png/
+#               3) http://www.libpng.org/pub/mng/
+#               4) http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/spec/register/
+#               5) ftp://ftp.simplesystems.org/pub/png/documents/pngext-1.4.0-pdg.html
+#
+# Notes:        Writing meta information in PNG images is a pain in the butt
+#               for a number of reasons:  One biggie is that you have to
+#               decompress then decode the ASCII/hex profile information before
+#               you can edit it, then you have to ASCII/hex-encode, recompress
+#               and calculate a CRC before you can write it out again.  gaaaak.
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+package Image::ExifTool::PNG;
+
+use strict;
+use vars qw($VERSION $AUTOLOAD);
+use Image::ExifTool qw(:DataAccess :Utils);
+
+$VERSION = '1.27';
+
+sub ProcessPNG_tEXt($$$);
+sub ProcessPNG_iTXt($$$);
+sub ProcessPNG_Compressed($$$);
+sub CalculateCRC($;$$$);
+sub HexEncode($);
+sub AddChunks($$);
+sub Add_iCCP($$);
+sub GetLangInfo($$);
+sub BuildTextChunk($$$$$);
+
+my $noCompressLib;
+
+# look up for file type, header chunk and end chunk, based on file signature
+my %pngLookup = (
+    "\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n" => ['PNG', 'IHDR', 'IEND' ],
+    "\x8aMNG\r\n\x1a\n" => ['MNG', 'MHDR', 'MEND' ],
+    "\x8bJNG\r\n\x1a\n" => ['JNG', 'JHDR', 'IEND' ],
+);
+
+# map for directories in PNG images
+my %pngMap = (
+    IFD1         => 'IFD0',
+    EXIF         => 'IFD0', # to write EXIF as a block
+    ExifIFD      => 'IFD0',
+    GPS          => 'IFD0',
+    SubIFD       => 'IFD0',
+    GlobParamIFD => 'IFD0',
+    PrintIM      => 'IFD0',
+    InteropIFD   => 'ExifIFD',
+    MakerNotes   => 'ExifIFD',
+    IFD0         => 'PNG',
+    XMP          => 'PNG',
+    ICC_Profile  => 'PNG',
+    Photoshop    => 'PNG',
+    IPTC         => 'Photoshop',
+    MakerNotes   => 'ExifIFD',
+);
+
+# color type of current image
+$Image::ExifTool::PNG::colorType = -1;
+
+# PNG chunks
+%Image::ExifTool::PNG::Main = (
+    WRITE_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::DummyWriteProc,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Image' },
+    PREFERRED => 1, # always add these tags when writing
+    NOTES => q{
+        Tags extracted from PNG images.  See
+        L<http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/spec/1.2/> for the official PNG 1.2
+        specification.
+    },
+    bKGD => {
+        Name => 'BackgroundColor',
+        ValueConv => 'join(" ",unpack(length($val) < 2 ? "C" : "n*", $val))',
+    },
+    cHRM => {
+        Name => 'PrimaryChromaticities',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::PNG::PrimaryChromaticities' },
+    },
+    dSIG => {
+        Name => 'DigitalSignature',
+        Binary => 1,
+    },
+    fRAc => {
+        Name => 'FractalParameters',
+        Binary => 1,
+    },
+    gAMA => {
+        Name => 'Gamma',
+        ValueConv => 'my $a=unpack("N",$val);$a ? int(1e9/$a+0.5)/1e4 : $val',
+    },
+    gIFg => {
+        Name => 'GIFGraphicControlExtension',
+        Binary => 1,
+    },
+    gIFt => {
+        Name => 'GIFPlainTextExtension',
+        Binary => 1,
+    },
+    gIFx => {
+        Name => 'GIFApplicationExtension',
+        Binary => 1,
+    },
+    hIST => {
+        Name => 'PaletteHistogram',
+        Binary => 1,
+    },
+    iCCP => {
+        Name => 'ICC_Profile',
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::ICC_Profile::Main',
+            ProcessProc => \&ProcessPNG_Compressed,
+        },
+    },
+#   IDAT
+#   IEND
+    IHDR => {
+        Name => 'ImageHeader',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::PNG::ImageHeader' },
+    },
+    iTXt => {
+        Name => 'InternationalText',
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::PNG::TextualData',
+            ProcessProc => \&ProcessPNG_iTXt,
+        },
+    },
+    oFFs => {
+        Name => 'ImageOffset',
+        ValueConv => q{
+            my @a = unpack("NNC",$val);
+            $a[2] = ($a[2] ? "microns" : "pixels");
+            return "$a[0], $a[1] ($a[2])";
+        },
+    },
+    pCAL => {
+        Name => 'PixelCalibration',
+        Binary => 1,
+    },
+    pHYs => {
+        Name => 'PhysicalPixel',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::PNG::PhysicalPixel' },
+    },
+    PLTE => {
+        Name => 'Palette',
+        ValueConv => 'length($val) <= 3 ? join(" ",unpack("C*",$val)) : \$val',
+    },
+    sBIT => {
+        Name => 'SignificantBits',
+        ValueConv => 'join(" ",unpack("C*",$val))',
+    },
+    sCAL => { # png 1.4.0
+        Name => 'SubjectScale',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::PNG::SubjectScale' },
+    },
+    sPLT => {
+        Name => 'SuggestedPalette',
+        Binary => 1,
+        PrintConv => 'split("\0",$$val,1)', # extract palette name
+    },
+    sRGB => {
+        Name => 'SRGBRendering',
+        ValueConv => 'unpack("C",$val)',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Perceptual',
+            1 => 'Relative Colorimetric',
+            2 => 'Saturation',
+            3 => 'Absolute Colorimetric',
+        },
+    },
+    sTER => { # png 1.4.0
+        Name => 'StereoImage',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::PNG::StereoImage' },
+    },
+    tEXt => {
+        Name => 'TextualData',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::PNG::TextualData' },
+    },
+    tIME => {
+        Name => 'ModifyDate',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
+        Writable => 1,
+        Shift => 'Time',
+        ValueConv => 'sprintf("%.4d:%.2d:%.2d %.2d:%.2d:%.2d", unpack("nC5", $val))',
+        ValueConvInv => q{
+            my @a = ($val=~/^(\d+):(\d+):(\d+)\s+(\d+):(\d+):(\d+)/);
+            @a == 6 or warn('Invalid date'), return undef;
+            return pack('nC5', @a);
+        },
+        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
+        PrintConvInv => '$self->InverseDateTime($val)',
+    },
+    tRNS => {
+        Name => 'Transparency',
+        ValueConv => q{
+            return \$val if length($val) > 6;
+            join(" ",unpack($Image::ExifTool::PNG::colorType == 3 ? "C*" : "n*", $val));
+        },
+    },
+    tXMP => {
+        Name => 'XMP',
+        Notes => 'obsolete location specified by a September 2001 XMP draft',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::XMP::Main' },
+    },
+    vpAg => { # private imagemagick chunk
+        Name => 'VirtualPage',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::PNG::VirtualPage' },
+    },
+    zTXt => {
+        Name => 'CompressedText',
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::PNG::TextualData',
+            ProcessProc => \&ProcessPNG_Compressed,
+        },
+    },
+);
+
+# PNG IHDR chunk
+%Image::ExifTool::PNG::ImageHeader = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Image' },
+    0 => {
+        Name => 'ImageWidth',
+        Format => 'int32u',
+    },
+    4 => {
+        Name => 'ImageHeight',
+        Format => 'int32u',
+    },
+    8 => 'BitDepth',
+    9 => {
+        Name => 'ColorType',
+        RawConv => '$Image::ExifTool::PNG::colorType = $val',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Grayscale',
+            2 => 'RGB',
+            3 => 'Palette',
+            4 => 'Grayscale with Alpha',
+            6 => 'RGB with Alpha',
+        },
+    },
+    10 => {
+        Name => 'Compression',
+        PrintConv => { 0 => 'Deflate/Inflate' },
+    },
+    11 => {
+        Name => 'Filter',
+        PrintConv => { 0 => 'Adaptive' },
+    },
+    12 => {
+        Name => 'Interlace',
+        PrintConv => { 0 => 'Noninterlaced', 1 => 'Adam7 Interlace' },
+    },
+);
+
+# PNG cHRM chunk
+%Image::ExifTool::PNG::PrimaryChromaticities = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Image' },
+    FORMAT => 'int32u',
+    0 => { Name => 'WhitePointX', ValueConv => '$val / 100000' },
+    1 => { Name => 'WhitePointY', ValueConv => '$val / 100000' },
+    2 => { Name => 'RedX',        ValueConv => '$val / 100000' },
+    3 => { Name => 'RedY',        ValueConv => '$val / 100000' },
+    4 => { Name => 'GreenX',      ValueConv => '$val / 100000' },
+    5 => { Name => 'GreenY',      ValueConv => '$val / 100000' },
+    6 => { Name => 'BlueX',       ValueConv => '$val / 100000' },
+    7 => { Name => 'BlueY',       ValueConv => '$val / 100000' },
+);
+
+# PNG pHYs chunk
+%Image::ExifTool::PNG::PhysicalPixel = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Image' },
+    0 => {
+        Name => 'PixelsPerUnitX',
+        Format => 'int32u',
+    },
+    4 => {
+        Name => 'PixelsPerUnitY',
+        Format => 'int32u',
+    },
+    8 => {
+        Name => 'PixelUnits',
+        PrintConv => { 0 => 'Unknown', 1 => 'Meters' },
+    },
+);
+
+# PNG sCAL chunk
+%Image::ExifTool::PNG::SubjectScale = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Image' },
+    0 => {
+        Name => 'SubjectUnits',
+        PrintConv => { 1 => 'Meters', 2 => 'Radians' },
+    },
+    1 => {
+        Name => 'SubjectPixelWidth',
+        Format => 'var_string',
+    },
+    2 => {
+        Name => 'SubjectPixelHeight',
+        Format => 'var_string',
+    },
+);
+
+# PNG vpAg chunk
+%Image::ExifTool::PNG::VirtualPage = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Image' },
+    FORMAT => 'int32u',
+    0 => 'VirtualImageWidth',
+    1 => 'VirtualImageHeight',
+    2 => {
+        Name => 'VirtualPageUnits',
+        Format => 'int8u',
+        # what is the conversion for this?
+    },
+);
+
+# PNG sTER chunk
+%Image::ExifTool::PNG::StereoImage = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Image' },
+    0 => {
+        Name => 'StereoMode',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Cross-fuse Layout',
+            1 => 'Diverging-fuse Layout',
+        },
+    },
+);
+
+my %unreg = ( Notes => 'unregistered' );
+
+# Tags for PNG tEXt zTXt and iTXt chunks
+# (NOTE: ValueConv is set dynamically, so don't set it here!)
+%Image::ExifTool::PNG::TextualData = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&ProcessPNG_tEXt,
+    WRITE_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::DummyWriteProc,
+    WRITABLE => 'string',
+    PREFERRED => 1, # always add these tags when writing
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Image' },
+    LANG_INFO => \&GetLangInfo,
+    NOTES => q{
+        The PNG TextualData format allows arbitrary tag names to be used.  The tags
+        listed below are the only ones that can be written (unless new user-defined
+        tags are added via the configuration file), however ExifTool will extract
+        any other TextualData tags that are found.
+        
+        These tags may be stored as tEXt, zTXt or iTXt chunks in the PNG image.  By
+        default ExifTool writes new string-value tags as as uncompressed tEXt, or
+        compressed zTXt if the Compress (-z) option is used and Compress::Zlib is
+        available.  Alternate language tags and values containing special characters
+        (unless the Latin character set is used) are written as iTXt, and compressed
+        if the Compress option is used and Compress::Zlib is available.  Raw profile
+        information is always created as compressed zTXt if Compress::Zlib is
+        available, or tEXt otherwise.  Standard XMP is written as uncompressed iTXt.
+
+        Alternate languages are accessed by suffixing the tag name with a '-',
+        followed by an RFC 3066 language code (ie. "PNG:Comment-fr", or
+        "Title-en-US").  See L<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt> for the RFC 3066
+        specification.
+
+        Some of the tags below are not registered as part of the PNG specification,
+        but are included here because they are generated by other software such as
+        ImageMagick.
+    },
+    Title       => { },
+    Author      => { Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
+    Description => { },
+    Copyright   => { Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
+   'Creation Time' => {
+        Name => 'CreationTime',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
+        Shift => 'Time',
+    },
+    Software    => { },
+    Disclaimer  => { },
+    # change name to differentiate from ExifTool Warning
+    Warning     => { Name => 'PNGWarning', },
+    Source      => { },
+    Comment     => { },
+#
+# The following tags are not part of the original PNG specification,
+# but are written by ImageMagick and other software
+#
+    Artist      => { %unreg, Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
+    Document    => { %unreg },
+    Label       => { %unreg },
+    Make        => { %unreg, Groups => { 2 => 'Camera' } },
+    Model       => { %unreg, Groups => { 2 => 'Camera' } },
+   'create-date'=> {
+        Name => 'CreateDate',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
+        Shift => 'Time',
+        %unreg,
+        ValueConv => 'require Image::ExifTool::XMP; Image::ExifTool::XMP::ConvertXMPDate($val)',
+        ValueConvInv => 'require Image::ExifTool::XMP; Image::ExifTool::XMP::FormatXMPDate($val)',
+        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
+        PrintConvInv => '$self->InverseDateTime($val,undef,1)',
+    },
+   'modify-date'=> {
+        Name => 'ModDate', # (to distinguish from tIME chunk "ModifyDate")
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
+        Shift => 'Time',
+        %unreg,
+        ValueConv => 'require Image::ExifTool::XMP; Image::ExifTool::XMP::ConvertXMPDate($val)',
+        ValueConvInv => 'require Image::ExifTool::XMP; Image::ExifTool::XMP::FormatXMPDate($val)',
+        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
+        PrintConvInv => '$self->InverseDateTime($val,undef,1)',
+    },
+    TimeStamp   => { %unreg, Groups => { 2 => 'Time' }, Shift => 'Time' },
+    URL         => { %unreg },
+   'XML:com.adobe.xmp' => {
+        Name => 'XMP',
+        Notes => q{
+            unregistered, but this is the location according to the June 2002 or later
+            XMP specification, and is where ExifTool will add a new XMP chunk if the
+            image didn't already contain XMP
+        },
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::XMP::Main',
+        },
+    },
+   'Raw profile type APP1' => [
+        {
+            # EXIF table must come first because we key on this in ProcessProfile()
+            # (No condition because this is just for BuildTagLookup)
+            Name => 'APP1_Profile',
+            %unreg,
+            SubDirectory => {
+                TagTable=>'Image::ExifTool::Exif::Main',
+                ProcessProc => \&ProcessProfile,
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            Name => 'APP1_Profile',
+            SubDirectory => {
+                TagTable=>'Image::ExifTool::XMP::Main',
+                ProcessProc => \&ProcessProfile,
+            },
+        },
+    ],
+   'Raw profile type exif' => {
+        Name => 'EXIF_Profile',
+        %unreg,
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable=>'Image::ExifTool::Exif::Main',
+            ProcessProc => \&ProcessProfile,
+        },
+    },
+   'Raw profile type icc' => {
+        Name => 'ICC_Profile',
+        %unreg,
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::ICC_Profile::Main',
+            ProcessProc => \&ProcessProfile,
+        },
+    },
+   'Raw profile type icm' => {
+        Name => 'ICC_Profile',
+        %unreg,
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::ICC_Profile::Main',
+            ProcessProc => \&ProcessProfile,
+        },
+    },
+   'Raw profile type iptc' => {
+        Name => 'IPTC_Profile',
+        %unreg,
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Photoshop::Main',
+            ProcessProc => \&ProcessProfile,
+        },
+    },
+   'Raw profile type xmp' => {
+        Name => 'XMP_Profile',
+        %unreg,
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::XMP::Main',
+            ProcessProc => \&ProcessProfile,
+        },
+    },
+);
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# AutoLoad our writer routines when necessary
+#
+sub AUTOLOAD
+{
+    return Image::ExifTool::DoAutoLoad($AUTOLOAD, @_);
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Get standard case for language code (this routine copied from XMP.pm)
+# Inputs: 0) Language code
+# Returns: Language code in standard case
+sub StandardLangCase($)
+{
+    my $lang = shift;
+    # make 2nd subtag uppercase only if it is 2 letters
+    return lc($1) . uc($2) . lc($3) if $lang =~ /^([a-z]{2,3}|[xi])(-[a-z]{2})\b(.*)/i;
+    return lc($lang);
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Get localized version of tagInfo hash
+# Inputs: 0) tagInfo hash ref, 1) language code (ie. "x-default")
+# Returns: new tagInfo hash ref, or undef if invalid
+sub GetLangInfo($$)
+{
+    my ($tagInfo, $lang) = @_;
+    $lang =~ tr/_/-/;   # RFC 3066 specifies '-' as a separator
+    # no alternate languages for XMP or raw profile directories
+    return undef if $$tagInfo{SubDirectory};
+    # language code must normalized for use in tag ID
+    return Image::ExifTool::GetLangInfo($tagInfo, StandardLangCase($lang));
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Found a PNG tag -- extract info from subdirectory or decompress data if necessary
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) Pointer to tag table,
+#         2) Tag ID, 3) Tag value, 4) [optional] compressed data flag:
+#            0=not compressed, 1=unknown compression, 2-N=compression with type N-2
+#         5) optional output buffer ref, 6) character encoding (tEXt/zTXt/iTXt only)
+#         6) optional language code
+# Returns: 1 on success
+sub FoundPNG($$$$;$$$$)
+{
+    my ($exifTool, $tagTablePtr, $tag, $val, $compressed, $outBuff, $enc, $lang) = @_;
+    return 0 unless defined $val;
+    my $verbose = $exifTool->Options('Verbose');
+    my $id = $tag;  # generate tag ID which include language code
+    if ($lang) {
+        # case of language code must be normalized since they are case insensitive
+        $lang = StandardLangCase($lang);
+        $id .= '-' . $lang;
+    }
+    my $tagInfo = $exifTool->GetTagInfo($tagTablePtr, $id) ||
+                  # (some software forgets to capitalize first letter)
+                  $exifTool->GetTagInfo($tagTablePtr, ucfirst($id));
+    # create alternate language tag if necessary
+    if (not $tagInfo and $lang) {
+        $tagInfo = $exifTool->GetTagInfo($tagTablePtr, $tag) ||
+                   $exifTool->GetTagInfo($tagTablePtr, ucfirst($tag));
+        $tagInfo = GetLangInfo($tagInfo, $lang) if $tagInfo;
+    }
+#
+# uncompress data if necessary
+#
+    my ($wasCompressed, $deflateErr);
+    if ($compressed and $compressed > 1) {
+        if ($compressed == 2) { # Inflate/Deflate compression
+            if (eval 'require Compress::Zlib') {
+                my ($v2, $stat);
+                my $inflate = Compress::Zlib::inflateInit();
+                $inflate and ($v2, $stat) = $inflate->inflate($val);
+                if ($inflate and $stat == Compress::Zlib::Z_STREAM_END()) {
+                    $val = $v2;
+                    $compressed = 0;
+                    $wasCompressed = 1;
+                } else {
+                    $deflateErr = "Error inflating $tag";
+                }
+            } elsif (not $noCompressLib) {
+                $deflateErr = "Install Compress::Zlib to read compressed information";
+            } else {
+                $deflateErr = '';   # flag deflate error but no warning
+            }
+        } else {
+            $compressed -= 2;
+            $deflateErr = "Unknown compression method $compressed for $tag";
+        }
+        if ($compressed and $verbose and $tagInfo and $$tagInfo{SubDirectory}) {
+            $exifTool->VerboseDir("Unable to decompress $$tagInfo{Name}", 0, length($val));
+        }
+        # issue warning if relevant
+        if ($deflateErr and (not $outBuff or
+            ($tagInfo and $$tagInfo{SubDirectory} and $$exifTool{EDIT_DIRS}{$$tagInfo{Name}})))
+        {
+            $exifTool->Warn($deflateErr);
+            $noCompressLib = 1 if $deflateErr =~ /^Install/;
+        }
+    }
+    # translate character encoding if necessary (tEXt/zTXt/iTXt string values only)
+    if ($enc and not $compressed and not ($tagInfo and $$tagInfo{SubDirectory})) {
+        $val = $exifTool->Decode($val, $enc);
+    }
+#
+# extract information from subdirectory if available
+#
+    if ($tagInfo) {
+        my $tagName = $$tagInfo{Name};
+        my $processed;
+        if ($$tagInfo{SubDirectory} and not $compressed) {
+            my $len = length $val;
+            if ($verbose and $exifTool->{INDENT} ne '  ') {
+                if ($wasCompressed and $verbose > 2) {
+                    my $name = $tagName;
+                    $wasCompressed and $name = "Decompressed $name";
+                    $exifTool->VerboseDir($name, 0, $len);
+                    $exifTool->VerboseDump(\$val);
+                }
+                # don't indent next directory (since it is really the same data)
+                $exifTool->{INDENT} =~ s/..$//;
+            }
+            my $subdir = $$tagInfo{SubDirectory};
+            my $processProc = $$subdir{ProcessProc};
+            # nothing more to do if writing and subdirectory is not writable
+            my $subTable = GetTagTable($$subdir{TagTable});
+            return 1 if $outBuff and not $$subTable{WRITE_PROC};
+            my %subdirInfo = (
+                DataPt   => \$val,
+                DirStart => 0,
+                DataLen  => $len,
+                DirLen   => $len,
+                DirName  => $tagName,
+                TagInfo  => $tagInfo,
+                ReadOnly => 1, # (only used by WriteXMP)
+                OutBuff  => $outBuff,
+            );
+            # no need to re-decompress if already done
+            undef $processProc if $wasCompressed and $processProc eq \&ProcessPNG_Compressed;
+            # rewrite this directory if necessary (but always process TextualData normally)
+            if ($outBuff and not $processProc and $subTable ne \%Image::ExifTool::PNG::TextualData) {
+                return 1 unless $exifTool->{EDIT_DIRS}->{$tagName};
+                $$outBuff = $exifTool->WriteDirectory(\%subdirInfo, $subTable);
+                # if this was an XMP directory, we must make it read-only
+                $tagName eq 'XMP' and Image::ExifTool::XMP::ValidateXMP(\$outBuff,'r');
+                delete $exifTool->{ADD_DIRS}->{$tagName};
+            } else {
+                $processed = $exifTool->ProcessDirectory(\%subdirInfo, $subTable, $processProc);
+            }
+            $compressed = 1;    # pretend this is compressed since it is binary data
+        }
+        if ($outBuff) {
+            my $writable = $tagInfo->{Writable};
+            my $isOverwriting;
+            if ($writable or ($$tagTablePtr{WRITABLE} and
+                not defined $writable and not $$tagInfo{SubDirectory}))
+            {
+                # write new value for this tag if necessary
+                my $newVal;
+                if ($exifTool->{DEL_GROUP}->{PNG}) {
+                    # remove this tag now, but keep in ADD_PNG list to add back later
+                    $isOverwriting = 1;
+                } else {
+                    # remove this from the list of PNG tags to add
+                    delete $exifTool->{ADD_PNG}->{$id};
+                    # (also handle case of tEXt tags written with lowercase first letter)
+                    delete $exifTool->{ADD_PNG}->{ucfirst($id)};
+                    my $nvHash = $exifTool->GetNewValueHash($tagInfo);
+                    $isOverwriting = $exifTool->IsOverwriting($nvHash);
+                    if (defined $deflateErr) {
+                        $newVal = $exifTool->GetNewValues($nvHash);
+                        # can only write tag now if always overwriting
+                        if ($isOverwriting > 0) {
+                            $val = '<deflate error>';
+                        } elsif ($isOverwriting) {
+                            $isOverwriting = 0; # can't overwrite
+                            $exifTool->Warn($deflateErr) if $deflateErr;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        if ($isOverwriting < 0) {
+                            $isOverwriting = $exifTool->IsOverwriting($nvHash, $val);
+                        }
+                        # (must get new value after IsOverwriting() in case it was shifted)
+                        $newVal = $exifTool->GetNewValues($nvHash);
+                    }
+                }
+                if ($isOverwriting) {
+                    $$outBuff = (defined $newVal) ? $newVal : '';
+                    ++$exifTool->{CHANGED};
+                    $exifTool->VerboseValue("- PNG:$tagName", $val);
+                    $exifTool->VerboseValue("+ PNG:$tagName", $newVal) if defined $newVal;
+                }
+            }
+            if (defined $$outBuff and length $$outBuff) {
+                if ($enc) { # must be tEXt/zTXt/iTXt if $enc is set
+                    $$outBuff = BuildTextChunk($exifTool, $tag, $tagInfo, $$outBuff, $lang);
+                } elsif ($wasCompressed) {
+                    # re-compress the output data
+                    my $deflate;
+                    if (eval 'require Compress::Zlib') {
+                        my $deflate = Compress::Zlib::deflateInit();
+                        if ($deflate) {
+                            $$outBuff = $deflate->deflate($$outBuff);
+                            $$outBuff .= $deflate->flush() if defined $$outBuff;
+                        } else {
+                            undef $$outBuff;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    $$outBuff or $exifTool->Warn("PNG:$tagName not written (compress error)");
+                }
+            }
+            return 1;
+        }
+        return 1 if $processed;
+    } else {
+        my $name;
+        ($name = $tag) =~ s/\s+(.)/\u$1/g;   # remove white space from tag name
+        $tagInfo = { Name => $name };
+        $$tagInfo{LangCode} = $lang if $lang;
+        # make unknown profiles binary data type
+        $$tagInfo{Binary} = 1 if $tag =~ /^Raw profile type /;
+        AddTagToTable($tagTablePtr, $tag, $tagInfo);
+    }
+#
+# store this tag information
+#
+    if ($verbose) {
+        # temporarily remove subdirectory so it isn't printed in verbose information
+        # since we aren't decoding it anyway;
+        my $subdir = $$tagInfo{SubDirectory};
+        delete $$tagInfo{SubDirectory};
+        $exifTool->VerboseInfo($tag, $tagInfo,
+            Table  => $tagTablePtr,
+            DataPt => \$val,
+        );
+        $$tagInfo{SubDirectory} = $subdir if $subdir;
+    }
+    # set the RawConv dynamically depending on whether this is binary or not
+    my $delRawConv;
+    if ($compressed and not defined $$tagInfo{ValueConv}) {
+        $$tagInfo{RawConv} = '\$val';
+        $delRawConv = 1;
+    }
+    $exifTool->FoundTag($tagInfo, $val);
+    delete $$tagInfo{RawConv} if $delRawConv;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Process encoded PNG profile information
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) DirInfo reference, 2) Pointer to tag table
+# Returns: 1 on success
+sub ProcessProfile($$$)
+{
+    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
+    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
+    my $tagInfo = $$dirInfo{TagInfo};
+    my $outBuff = $$dirInfo{OutBuff};
+    my $tagName = $$tagInfo{Name};
+
+    # ImageMagick 5.3.6 writes profiles with the following headers:
+    # "\nICC Profile\n", "\nIPTC profile\n", "\n\xaa\x01{generic prof\n"
+    # and "\ngeneric profile\n"
+    return 0 unless $$dataPt =~ /^\n(.*?)\n\s*(\d+)\n(.*)/s;
+    my ($profileType, $len) = ($1, $2);
+    # data is encoded in hex, so change back to binary
+    my $buff = pack('H*', join('',split(' ',$3)));
+    my $actualLen = length $buff;
+    if ($len ne $actualLen) {
+        $exifTool->Warn("$tagName is wrong size (should be $len bytes but is $actualLen)");
+        $len = $actualLen;
+    }
+    my $verbose = $exifTool->Options('Verbose');
+    if ($verbose) {
+        if ($verbose > 2) {
+            $exifTool->VerboseDir("Decoded $tagName", 0, $len);
+            $exifTool->VerboseDump(\$buff);
+        }
+        # don't indent next directory (since it is really the same data)
+        $exifTool->{INDENT} =~ s/..$//;
+    }
+    my %dirInfo = (
+        Parent   => 'PNG',
+        DataPt   => \$buff,
+        DataLen  => $len,
+        DirStart => 0,
+        DirLen   => $len,
+        Base     => 0,
+        OutFile  => $outBuff,
+    );
+    my $processed = 0;
+    my $oldChanged = $exifTool->{CHANGED};
+    my $exifTable = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::Exif::Main');
+    my $editDirs = $exifTool->{EDIT_DIRS};
+    my $addDirs = $exifTool->{ADD_DIRS};
+    if ($tagTablePtr ne $exifTable) {
+        # process non-EXIF and non-APP1 profile as-is
+        if ($outBuff) {
+            # no need to rewrite this if not editing tags in this directory
+            my $dir = $tagName;
+            $dir =~ s/_Profile// unless $dir =~ /^ICC/;
+            return 1 unless $$editDirs{$dir};
+            $$outBuff = $exifTool->WriteDirectory(\%dirInfo, $tagTablePtr);
+            delete $$addDirs{$dir};
+        } else {
+            $processed = $exifTool->ProcessDirectory(\%dirInfo, $tagTablePtr);
+        }
+    } elsif ($buff =~ /^$Image::ExifTool::exifAPP1hdr/) {
+        # APP1 EXIF information
+        return 1 if $outBuff and not $$editDirs{IFD0};
+        my $hdrLen = length($Image::ExifTool::exifAPP1hdr);
+        $dirInfo{DirStart} += $hdrLen;
+        $dirInfo{DirLen} -= $hdrLen;
+        if ($outBuff) {
+            $$outBuff = $exifTool->WriteDirectory(\%dirInfo, $tagTablePtr,
+                                                  \&Image::ExifTool::WriteTIFF);
+            $$outBuff = $Image::ExifTool::exifAPP1hdr . $$outBuff if $$outBuff;
+            delete $$addDirs{IFD0};
+        } else {
+            $processed = $exifTool->ProcessTIFF(\%dirInfo);
+        }
+    } elsif ($buff =~ /^$Image::ExifTool::xmpAPP1hdr/) {
+        # APP1 XMP information
+        my $hdrLen = length($Image::ExifTool::xmpAPP1hdr);
+        my $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::XMP::Main');
+        $dirInfo{DirStart} += $hdrLen;
+        $dirInfo{DirLen} -= $hdrLen;
+        if ($outBuff) {
+            return 1 unless $$editDirs{XMP};
+            $$outBuff = $exifTool->WriteDirectory(\%dirInfo, $tagTablePtr);
+            $$outBuff and $$outBuff = $Image::ExifTool::xmpAPP1hdr . $$outBuff;
+            delete $$addDirs{XMP};
+        } else {
+            $processed = $exifTool->ProcessDirectory(\%dirInfo, $tagTablePtr);
+        }
+    } elsif ($buff =~ /^(MM\0\x2a|II\x2a\0)/) {
+        # TIFF information (haven't seen this, but what the heck...)
+        return 1 if $outBuff and not $$editDirs{IFD0};
+        if ($outBuff) {
+            $$outBuff = $exifTool->WriteDirectory(\%dirInfo, $tagTablePtr,
+                                                  \&Image::ExifTool::WriteTIFF);
+            $$outBuff = $Image::ExifTool::exifAPP1hdr . $$outBuff if $$outBuff;
+            delete $$addDirs{IFD0};
+        } else {
+            $processed = $exifTool->ProcessTIFF(\%dirInfo);
+        }
+    } else {
+        my $profName = $profileType;
+        $profName =~ tr/\x00-\x1f\x7f-\xff/./;
+        $exifTool->Warn("Unknown raw profile '$profName'");
+    }
+    if ($outBuff and defined $$outBuff and length $$outBuff) {
+        if ($exifTool->{CHANGED} != $oldChanged) {
+            my $hdr = sprintf("\n%s\n%8d\n", $profileType, length($$outBuff));
+            # hex encode the data
+            $$outBuff = $hdr . HexEncode($outBuff);
+        } else {
+            undef $$outBuff;
+        }
+    }
+    return $processed;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Process PNG compressed zTXt or iCCP chunk
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) DirInfo reference, 2) Pointer to tag table
+# Returns: 1 on success
+# Notes: writes new chunk data to ${$$dirInfo{OutBuff}} if writing tag
+sub ProcessPNG_Compressed($$$)
+{
+    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
+    my ($tag, $val) = split /\0/, ${$$dirInfo{DataPt}}, 2;
+    return 0 unless defined $val;
+    # set compressed to 2 + compression method to decompress the data
+    my $compressed = 2 + unpack('C', $val);
+    my $hdr = $tag . "\0" . substr($val, 0, 1);
+    $val = substr($val, 1); # remove compression method byte
+    my $success;
+    my $outBuff = $$dirInfo{OutBuff};
+    # use the PNG chunk tag instead of the embedded tag name for iCCP chunks
+    if ($$dirInfo{TagInfo} and $$dirInfo{TagInfo}->{Name} eq 'ICC_Profile') {
+        $tag = 'iCCP';
+        $tagTablePtr = \%Image::ExifTool::PNG::Main;
+        $success = FoundPNG($exifTool, $tagTablePtr, $tag, $val, $compressed, $outBuff);
+        $$outBuff = $hdr . $$outBuff if $outBuff and $$outBuff;
+    } else {
+        $success = FoundPNG($exifTool, $tagTablePtr, $tag, $val, $compressed, $outBuff, 'Latin');
+    }
+    return $success;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Process PNG tEXt chunk
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) DirInfo reference, 2) Pointer to tag table
+# Returns: 1 on success
+# Notes: writes new chunk data to ${$$dirInfo{OutBuff}} if writing tag
+sub ProcessPNG_tEXt($$$)
+{
+    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
+    my ($tag, $val) = split /\0/, ${$$dirInfo{DataPt}}, 2;
+    my $outBuff = $$dirInfo{OutBuff};
+    return FoundPNG($exifTool, $tagTablePtr, $tag, $val, undef, $outBuff, 'Latin');
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Process PNG iTXt chunk
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) DirInfo reference, 2) Pointer to tag table
+# Returns: 1 on success
+# Notes: writes new chunk data to ${$$dirInfo{OutBuff}} if writing tag
+sub ProcessPNG_iTXt($$$)
+{
+    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
+    my ($tag, $dat) = split /\0/, ${$$dirInfo{DataPt}}, 2;
+    return 0 unless defined $dat and length($dat) >= 4;
+    my ($compressed, $meth) = unpack('CC', $dat);
+    my ($lang, $trans, $val) = split /\0/, substr($dat, 2), 3;
+    # set compressed flag so we will decompress it in FoundPNG()
+    $compressed and $compressed = 2 + $meth;
+    my $outBuff = $$dirInfo{OutBuff};
+    return FoundPNG($exifTool, $tagTablePtr, $tag, $val, $compressed, $outBuff, 'UTF8', $lang);
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Extract meta information from a PNG image
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) dirInfo reference
+# Returns: 1 on success, 0 if this wasn't a valid PNG image, or -1 on write error
+sub ProcessPNG($$)
+{
+    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo) = @_;
+    my $outfile = $$dirInfo{OutFile};
+    my $raf = $$dirInfo{RAF};
+    my $datChunk = '';
+    my $datCount = 0;
+    my $datBytes = 0;
+    my ($sig, $err, $ok);
+
+    # check to be sure this is a valid PNG/MNG/JNG image
+    return 0 unless $raf->Read($sig,8) == 8 and $pngLookup{$sig};
+    if ($outfile) {
+        delete $$exifTool{TextChunkType};
+        Write($outfile, $sig) or $err = 1 if $outfile;
+        # can only add tags in Main and TextualData tables
+        $exifTool->{ADD_PNG} = $exifTool->GetNewTagInfoHash(
+            \%Image::ExifTool::PNG::Main,
+            \%Image::ExifTool::PNG::TextualData);
+        # initialize with same directories, with PNG tags taking priority
+        $exifTool->InitWriteDirs(\%pngMap,'PNG');
+    }
+    my ($fileType, $hdrChunk, $endChunk) = @{$pngLookup{$sig}};
+    $exifTool->SetFileType($fileType);  # set the FileType tag
+    SetByteOrder('MM'); # PNG files are big-endian
+    my $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::PNG::Main');
+    my $mngTablePtr;
+    if ($fileType ne 'PNG') {
+        $mngTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::MNG::Main');
+    }
+    my $verbose = $exifTool->Options('Verbose');
+    my $out = $exifTool->Options('TextOut');
+    my ($hbuf, $dbuf, $cbuf, $foundHdr);
+
+    # process the PNG/MNG/JNG chunks
+    undef $noCompressLib;
+    for (;;) {
+        $raf->Read($hbuf,8) == 8 or $exifTool->Warn("Truncated $fileType image"), last;
+        my ($len, $chunk) = unpack('Na4',$hbuf);
+        $len > 0x7fffffff and $exifTool->Warn("Invalid $fileType box size"), last;
+        if ($verbose) {
+            # don't dump image data chunks in verbose mode (only give count instead)
+            if ($datCount and $chunk ne $datChunk) {
+                my $s = $datCount > 1 ? 's' : '';
+                print $out "$fileType $datChunk ($datCount chunk$s, total $datBytes bytes)\n";
+                $datCount = $datBytes = 0;
+                $datChunk = '';
+            }
+            if ($chunk =~ /^(IDAT|JDAT|JDAA)$/) {
+                $datChunk = $chunk;
+                $datCount++;
+                $datBytes += $len;
+            }
+        }
+        if ($outfile) {
+            if ($chunk eq 'IEND') {
+                # add any new chunks immediately before the IEND chunk
+                AddChunks($exifTool, $outfile) or $err = 1;
+            } elsif ($chunk eq 'PLTE' or $chunk eq 'IDAT') {
+                # iCCP chunk must come before PLTE and IDAT
+                # (ignore errors -- will add later as text profile if this fails)
+                Add_iCCP($exifTool, $outfile);
+            }
+        }
+        if ($chunk eq $endChunk) {
+            if ($outfile) {
+                # copy over the rest of the file if necessary
+                Write($outfile, $hbuf) or $err = 1;
+                while ($raf->Read($hbuf, 65536)) {
+                    Write($outfile, $hbuf) or $err = 1;
+                }
+            }
+            $verbose and print $out "$fileType $chunk (end of image)\n";
+            $ok = 1;
+            last;
+        }
+        # read chunk data and CRC
+        unless ($raf->Read($dbuf,$len)==$len and $raf->Read($cbuf, 4)==4) {
+            $exifTool->Warn("Corrupted $fileType image");
+            last;
+        }
+        unless ($foundHdr) {
+            if ($chunk eq $hdrChunk) {
+                $foundHdr = 1;
+            } elsif ($hdrChunk eq 'IHDR' and $chunk eq 'CgBI') {
+                $exifTool->Warn('Non-standard PNG image (Apple iPhone format)');
+            } else {
+                $exifTool->Warn("$fileType image did not start with $hdrChunk");
+                last;
+            }
+        }
+        if ($verbose) {
+            # check CRC when in verbose mode (since we don't care about speed)
+            my $crc = CalculateCRC(\$hbuf, undef, 4);
+            $crc = CalculateCRC(\$dbuf, $crc);
+            $crc == unpack('N',$cbuf) or $exifTool->Warn("Bad CRC for $chunk chunk");
+            if ($datChunk) {
+                Write($outfile, $hbuf, $dbuf, $cbuf) or $err = 1 if $outfile;
+                next;
+            }
+            print $out "$fileType $chunk ($len bytes):\n";
+            $exifTool->VerboseDump(\$dbuf, Addr => $raf->Tell() - $len - 4) if $verbose > 2;
+        }
+        # only extract information from chunks in our tables
+        my ($theBuff, $outBuff);
+        $outBuff = \$theBuff if $outfile;
+        if ($$tagTablePtr{$chunk}) {
+            FoundPNG($exifTool, $tagTablePtr, $chunk, $dbuf, undef, $outBuff);
+        } elsif ($mngTablePtr and $$mngTablePtr{$chunk}) {
+            FoundPNG($exifTool, $mngTablePtr, $chunk, $dbuf, undef, $outBuff);
+        }
+        if ($outfile) {
+            if (defined $theBuff) {
+                next unless length $theBuff; # empty if we deleted the information
+                # change chunk type if necessary
+                if ($$exifTool{TextChunkType}) {
+                    $chunk = $$exifTool{TextChunkType};
+                    delete $$exifTool{TextChunkType};
+                }
+                $hbuf = pack('Na4', length($theBuff), $chunk);
+                $dbuf = $theBuff;
+                my $crc = CalculateCRC(\$hbuf, undef, 4);
+                $crc = CalculateCRC(\$dbuf, $crc);
+                $cbuf = pack('N', $crc);
+            }
+            Write($outfile, $hbuf, $dbuf, $cbuf) or $err = 1;
+        }
+    }
+    return -1 if $outfile and ($err or not $ok);
+    return 1;   # this was a valid PNG/MNG/JNG image
+}
+
+1;  # end
+
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Image::ExifTool::PNG - Read and write PNG meta information
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+This module is used by Image::ExifTool
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module contains routines required by Image::ExifTool to read and
+write PNG (Portable Network Graphics), MNG (Multi-image Network Graphics)
+and JNG (JPEG Network Graphics) images.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Copyright 2003-2013, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=head1 REFERENCES
+
+=over 4
+
+=item L<http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/spec/1.2/>
+
+=item L<http://www.faqs.org/docs/png/>
+
+=item L<http://www.libpng.org/pub/mng/>
+
+=item L<http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/spec/register/>
+
+=back
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames/PNG Tags>,
+L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames/MNG Tags>,
+L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>
+
+=cut
+