gsl 1.12.108

data/ext/vector_int.c

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/*
+  vector_int.c
+  Ruby/GSL: Ruby extension library for GSL (GNU Scientific Library)
+    (C) Copyright 2004 by Yoshiki Tsunesada
+        Modified by Seiya Nishizawa        14/Apr/2004
+
+  Ruby/GSL is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
+  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
+*/
+#include "rb_gsl_config.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_array.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_complex.h"
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+#include "rb_gsl_with_narray.h"
+#endif
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_vector_int_inner_product(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
+VALUE rb_gsl_vector_int_do_something(VALUE obj, void (*func)(gsl_vector_int*));
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_int_to_i(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return obj;
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_vector_int_to_f(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_vector_int *v;
+  gsl_vector *vnew;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector_int, v);
+  vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(v->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) 
+    gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, (double) gsl_vector_int_get(v, i));
+  if (VECTOR_INT_COL_P(obj))
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_col, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+  else
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_int_to_complex(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_vector_int *v;
+  gsl_vector_complex *vnew;
+  gsl_complex z;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector_int, v);
+  vnew = gsl_vector_complex_alloc(v->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+    GSL_SET_REAL(&z, (double) gsl_vector_int_get(v, i));
+    GSL_SET_IMAG(&z, 0.0);
+    gsl_vector_complex_set(vnew, i, z);
+  }
+  if (VECTOR_INT_COL_P(obj))
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex_col, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, vnew);
+  else
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, vnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_int_coerce(VALUE obj, VALUE other)
+{
+  gsl_vector_int *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  VALUE vv;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector_int, v);
+  switch (TYPE(other)) {
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+    vnew = gsl_vector_int_alloc(v->size);
+    if (vnew == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_vector_int_alloc failed");
+    gsl_vector_int_set_all(vnew, FIX2INT(other));
+    vv = Data_Wrap_Struct(VECTOR_INT_ROW_COL(obj), 0, gsl_vector_int_free, vnew);
+    return rb_ary_new3(2, vv, obj);
+    break;
+  default:
+    return rb_ary_new3(2, other, rb_gsl_vector_int_to_f(obj));
+  }
+  //  return rb_ary_new3(2, other, rb_gsl_vector_int_to_f(obj));
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_vector_add(VALUE obj, VALUE b);
+VALUE rb_gsl_vector_sub(VALUE obj, VALUE b);
+VALUE rb_gsl_vector_mul(VALUE obj, VALUE b);
+VALUE rb_gsl_vector_div(VALUE obj, VALUE b);
+static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_int_add(VALUE obj, VALUE b)
+{
+  gsl_vector_int *v, *vnew, *vb;
+  switch (TYPE(b)) {
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+    return rb_gsl_vector_int_add_constant(obj, b);
+    break;
+  case T_FLOAT:
+    return rb_gsl_vector_add_constant(rb_gsl_vector_int_to_f(obj), b);
+    break;
+  default:
+   if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(b, cgsl_vector_int)) {
+     Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector_int, v);
+     Data_Get_Struct(b, gsl_vector_int, vb);
+     vnew = gsl_vector_int_alloc(v->size);
+     gsl_vector_int_memcpy(vnew, v);
+     gsl_vector_int_add(vnew, vb);
+     return Data_Wrap_Struct(VECTOR_INT_ROW_COL(obj), 0, gsl_vector_int_free, vnew);
+   } else {
+     return rb_gsl_vector_add(rb_gsl_vector_int_to_f(obj), b);
+   }
+   break;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_int_sub(VALUE obj, VALUE b)
+{
+  gsl_vector_int *v, *vnew, *vb;
+  switch (TYPE(b)) {
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+    return rb_gsl_vector_int_add_constant(obj, INT2FIX(-FIX2INT(b)));
+    break;
+  case T_FLOAT:
+    return rb_gsl_vector_add_constant(rb_gsl_vector_int_to_f(obj), rb_float_new(-NUM2DBL(b)));
+    break;
+  default:
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(b, cgsl_vector_int)) {
+     Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector_int, v);
+     Data_Get_Struct(b, gsl_vector_int, vb);
+     vnew = gsl_vector_int_alloc(v->size);
+     gsl_vector_int_memcpy(vnew, v);
+     gsl_vector_int_sub(vnew, vb);
+     return Data_Wrap_Struct(VECTOR_INT_ROW_COL(obj), 0, gsl_vector_int_free, vnew);
+    } else {
+      return rb_gsl_vector_sub(rb_gsl_vector_int_to_f(obj), b);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+gsl_vector_int* mygsl_vector_int_mul_matrix(gsl_vector_int *v, gsl_matrix_int *m);
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_int_mul(VALUE obj, VALUE b)
+{
+  VALUE argv[2];
+  gsl_vector_int *v, *vnew, *v2;
+  gsl_matrix_int *m;
+  int val;
+  size_t i, j;
+  switch (TYPE(b)) {
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_FLOAT:
+    return rb_gsl_vector_int_scale(obj, b);
+    break;
+  default:
+    if (VECTOR_INT_ROW_P(obj) && VECTOR_INT_COL_P(b)) {
+      argv[0] = obj;
+      argv[1] = b;
+      return rb_gsl_vector_int_inner_product(2, argv, CLASS_OF(obj));
+    } else  if (VECTOR_INT_ROW_P(obj) && MATRIX_INT_P(b)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector_int, v);
+      Data_Get_Struct(b, gsl_matrix_int, m);
+      vnew = mygsl_vector_int_mul_matrix(v, m);
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_int, 0, gsl_vector_int_free, vnew);
+    } else if (VECTOR_INT_COL_P(obj) && VECTOR_INT_ROW_P(b)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector_int, v);
+      Data_Get_Struct(b, gsl_vector_int, v2);
+      if (v->size != v2->size) rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "Vector sizes does not match.");
+      m = gsl_matrix_int_alloc(v->size, v2->size);
+      for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+	for (j = 0; j < v2->size; j++) {
+	  val = gsl_vector_int_get(v, i)*gsl_vector_int_get(v2, j);
+	  gsl_matrix_int_set(m, i, j, val);
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix_int, 0, gsl_matrix_int_free, m);
+    } else {
+      return rb_gsl_vector_mul(rb_gsl_vector_int_to_f(obj), b);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_vector_int_div(VALUE obj, VALUE b)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_vector_div(rb_gsl_vector_int_to_f(obj), b);
+}
+
+void Init_gsl_vector_int(VALUE module)
+{
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector_int, "to_f", rb_gsl_vector_int_to_f, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector_int, "to_i", rb_gsl_vector_int_to_i, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector_int, "to_complex", rb_gsl_vector_int_to_complex, 0);
+
+  /*****/
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector_int, "coerce", rb_gsl_vector_int_coerce, 1);
+
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector_int, "add", rb_gsl_vector_int_add, 1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector_int, "sub", rb_gsl_vector_int_sub, 1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector_int, "mul", rb_gsl_vector_int_mul, 1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector_int, "div", rb_gsl_vector_int_div, 1);
+
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_vector_int, "+", "add");
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_vector_int, "-", "sub");
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_vector_int, "*", "mul");
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_vector_int, "/", "div");
+
+  Init_gsl_vector_int_init(module);
+}
+

data/ext/vector_source.c

@@ -0,0 +1,3329 @@
+/*
+  vector_source.c
+  Ruby/GSL: Ruby extension library for GSL (GNU Scientific Library)
+    (C) Copyright 2001-2005 by Yoshiki Tsunesada
+                               Cameron McBride
+
+  Ruby/GSL is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
+  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
+*/
+
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+#define NUMCONV(x) NUM2DBL(x)
+#define NUMCONV2(x) NUM2DBL(x)
+#define PRINTF_FORMAT "%5.3e "
+#define VEC_ROW_COL VECTOR_ROW_COL
+#define VEC_P VECTOR_P
+#define VEC_ROW_P VECTOR_ROW_P
+#define VEC_COL_P VECTOR_COL_P
+#define C_TO_VALUE rb_float_new
+#define C_TO_VALUE2 rb_float_new
+#define CHECK_VEC CHECK_VECTOR
+#define VEC_VIEW_P VECTOR_VIEW_P
+#elif defined(BASE_INT)
+#define NUMCONV(x) FIX2INT(x)
+#define NUMCONV2(x) NUM2INT(x)
+#define PRINTF_FORMAT "%d "
+#define VEC_ROW_COL VECTOR_INT_ROW_COL
+#define VEC_P VECTOR_INT_P
+#define C_TO_VALUE INT2FIX
+#define C_TO_VALUE2 INT2NUM
+#define VEC_ROW_P VECTOR_INT_ROW_P
+#define VEC_COL_P VECTOR_INT_COL_P
+#define CHECK_VEC CHECK_VECTOR_INT
+#define VEC_VIEW_P VECTOR_INT_VIEW_P
+#endif
+
+void FUNCTION(get_range,beg_en_n)(VALUE range, BASE *beg, BASE *en, size_t *n, int *step);
+
+void get_range_beg_en_n_for_size(VALUE range,
+    int *beg, int *en, size_t *n, int *step, size_t size);
+
+void parse_subvector_args(int argc, VALUE *argv, size_t size,
+    size_t *offset, size_t *stride, size_t *n);
+
+void FUNCTION(get_range,beg_en_n)(VALUE range, BASE *beg, BASE *en, size_t *n, int *step)
+{
+  *beg = NUMCONV2(rb_ivar_get(range, rb_gsl_id_beg));
+  *en = NUMCONV2(rb_ivar_get(range, rb_gsl_id_end));
+  *n = (size_t) fabs(*en - *beg);
+  if (!RTEST(rb_ivar_get(range, rb_gsl_id_excl))) *n += 1;
+  if (*en < *beg) *step = -1; else *step = 1;
+}
+
+#ifdef BASE_INT
+void get_range_beg_en_n_for_size(VALUE range, int *beg, int *en, size_t *n, int *step, size_t size)
+{
+  *beg = NUM2INT(rb_ivar_get(range, rb_gsl_id_beg));
+  if(*beg < 0) *beg += size;
+  *en = NUM2INT(rb_ivar_get(range, rb_gsl_id_end));
+  if(*en < 0) *en += size;
+  *n = (size_t) fabs(*en - *beg);
+  if (!RTEST(rb_ivar_get(range, rb_gsl_id_excl))) *n += 1;
+  if (*en < *beg) *step = -1; else *step = 1;
+}
+
+void parse_subvector_args(int argc, VALUE *argv, size_t size,
+    size_t *offset, size_t *stride, size_t *n)
+{
+  int begin = 0, end, step, length;
+  *stride = 1;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 0:
+    *n = size;
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    if(rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[0], rb_cRange)) {
+      get_range_beg_en_n_for_size(argv[0], &begin, &end, n, &step, size);
+      // TODO Should we do bounds checking or risk letting GSL do it?
+      // On one hand, it seems like we should do as little as possible to stay as
+      // thin and fast as possible.  On the other hand, it seems like we don't
+      // want to let Ruby crash if GSL does not have bounds checking enabled.
+      if(begin < 0 || (size_t)begin >= size) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError,
+            "begin value %d is out of range for Vector of length %d",
+		 begin, (int) size);
+      }
+      if(end < 0 || (size_t)end >= size) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError,
+            "end value %d is out of range for Vector of length %d",
+		 end, (int) size);
+      }
+      *stride = (size_t)step;
+    } else {
+      CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[0]);
+      length = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+      if((length < 0 && -length > size) || (length > 0 && length > size)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError,
+            "length %d is out of range for Vector of length %d",
+		 length, (int) size);
+      } else if(length < 0) {
+        begin = length;
+        *n = (size_t)(-length);
+      } else {
+        // begin was initialized to 0
+        *n = (size_t)length;
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    if(rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[0], rb_cRange)) {
+      get_range_beg_en_n_for_size(argv[0], &begin, &end, n, &step, size);
+      if(begin < 0 || (size_t)begin >= size) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError,
+            "begin value %d is out of range for Vector of length %d",
+		 (int) begin, (int) size);
+      }
+      if(end < 0 || (size_t)end >= size) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError,
+            "end value %d is out of range for Vector of length %d",
+		 (int) end, (int) size);
+      }
+      CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[1]);
+      step = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+      if(step == 0 && begin != end) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "stride must be non-zero");
+      } else if((step < 0 && begin <= end) || (step > 0 && end < begin)) {
+        step = -step;
+      }
+      if(step < 0) {
+        *n = (*n-1)/(-step) + 1;
+      } else if(step > 0) {
+        *n = (*n-1)/step + 1;
+      }
+      *stride = (size_t)step;
+    } else {
+      CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[0]); CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[1]);
+      begin = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+      length = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+      if(length < 0) {
+        length = -length;
+        *stride = -1;
+      }
+      *n = (size_t)length;
+    }
+    break;
+  case 3:
+    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[0]); CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[1]); CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[2]);
+    begin = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+    step = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+    length = FIX2INT(argv[2]);
+    if(length < 0) {
+      step = -step;
+      length = -length;
+    }
+    *stride = (size_t)step;
+    *n = (size_t)length;
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0-3)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  if(begin < 0) {
+    begin += size;
+  }
+  *offset = (size_t)begin;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+void FUNCTION(set_ptr_data,by_range)(BASE *ptr, size_t n, VALUE range)
+{
+  size_t n2, i;
+  BASE beg, en, val;
+  int step;
+  FUNCTION(get_range,beg_en_n)(range, &beg, &en, &n2, &step);
+  val = beg;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    if (i < n2) ptr[i] = val;
+    else ptr[i] = (BASE) 0;
+    val += step;
+  }
+}
+
+void FUNCTION(cvector,set_from_rarray)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v, VALUE ary)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  if (CLASS_OF(ary) == rb_cRange) ary = rb_gsl_range2ary(ary);
+  Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
+#ifdef RUBY_1_9_LATER
+  if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == 0) return;
+#else
+  if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == 0) return;
+#endif
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(v, i, NUMCONV(rb_ary_entry(ary, i)));
+}
+
+GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)* FUNCTION(make_cvector,from_rarray)(VALUE ary)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  if (CLASS_OF(ary) == rb_cRange) ary = rb_gsl_range2ary(ary);
+  Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
+  v = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(RARRAY_LEN(ary));
+  if (v == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_vector_alloc failed");
+  FUNCTION(cvector,set_from_rarray)(v, ary);
+  return v;
+}
+
+VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,new)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *vtmp = NULL;
+  BASE xnative;
+  size_t n, i;
+  BASE beg, en;
+  int step;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  VALUE ary2;
+#endif
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 1:
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(argv[0])) {
+      n = NA_TOTAL(argv[0]);
+      v = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(n);
+      if (v == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_vector_alloc failed");
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+      ary2 = na_change_type(argv[0], NA_DFLOAT);
+#else
+      ary2 = na_change_type(argv[0], NA_LINT);
+#endif
+      memcpy(v->data, NA_PTR_TYPE(ary2,BASE*), n*sizeof(BASE));
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), v);
+    }
+#endif
+    switch (TYPE(argv[0])) {
+    case T_FIXNUM:  
+      /*! if an integer n is given, create an empty vector of length n */
+      CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[0]);
+      n = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+      v = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,calloc)(n);
+      if (v == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_vector_alloc failed");
+      break;
+    case T_BIGNUM:
+      rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "vector length is limited within the range of Fixnum.");
+      break;
+    case T_FLOAT:
+      v = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(1);
+      switch(TYPE(argv[0])) {
+        case T_FIXNUM: case T_BIGNUM: case T_FLOAT:
+          xnative = NUMCONV2(argv[0]);
+          break;
+        default:
+          xnative = (BASE)0;
+      }
+      FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(v, 0, xnative);
+      break;
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+    case T_ARRAY: 
+      v = make_cvector_from_rarrays(argv[0]);
+      break;
+#endif
+    default:
+      if (CLASS_OF(argv[0]) == rb_cRange) {
+	FUNCTION(get_range,beg_en_n)(argv[0], &beg, &en, &n, &step);
+	v = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(n);
+	FUNCTION(set_ptr_data,by_range)(v->data, v->size, argv[0]);
+	return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), v);
+      } else if (VEC_P(argv[0])) {
+	/*! Create a new vector with the same elements of the vector given */ 
+	Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), vtmp);
+	v = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(vtmp->size);
+	for (i = 0; i < vtmp->size; i++) 
+	  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(v, i, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(vtmp, i));
+	return Data_Wrap_Struct(VEC_ROW_COL(argv[0]), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), v);
+      } else {
+	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, 
+		 "wrong argument type %s", rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[0])));
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    v = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(argc);
+    if (v == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_vector_alloc failed");
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+      switch(TYPE(argv[i])) {
+        case T_FIXNUM: case T_BIGNUM: case T_FLOAT:
+          xnative = NUMCONV2(argv[i]);
+          break;
+        default:
+          xnative = (BASE)0;
+      }
+      FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(v, i, xnative);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), v);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,calloc)(VALUE klass, VALUE nn)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(nn);
+  v = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,calloc)(FIX2INT(nn));
+  if (v == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_vector_calloc failed");
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), v);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,subvector)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,get)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  VALUE retval = Qnil;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  //  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) *vv;
+  gsl_index *p;
+  int i;  /*! not size_t, since a negative index is allowed */
+  size_t j, k;
+  // If argc is not 1 or argv[0] is a Range
+  if( argc != 1 || rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[0], rb_cRange)) {
+    // Treat as call to subvector
+    retval = FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,subvector)(argc, argv, obj);
+  } else {
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+
+    switch (TYPE(argv[0])) {
+    case T_FIXNUM:
+      i = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+      if (i < 0) 
+        retval = C_TO_VALUE2(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, (size_t) (v->size + i)));
+      else
+        retval = C_TO_VALUE2(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, (size_t) (i)));
+      break;
+    case T_ARRAY:
+      vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(RARRAY_LEN(argv[0]));
+      for (j = 0; j < vnew->size; j++) {
+        i = NUMCONV(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], j));
+        if (i < 0) k = v->size + i;
+        //	else k = j;
+        else k = i;
+        FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, j, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, k));
+      }
+      retval = Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+      break;
+    default:
+      if (PERMUTATION_P(argv[0])) {
+        Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_index, p);
+        vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(p->size);
+        for (j = 0; j < p->size; j++) {
+          k = p->data[j];
+          if (k < 0) k = p->size + j;
+          FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, j, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, k));
+        }
+        retval = Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+      } else {
+        // TODO Support Vector::Int (and even Vector?)
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (Array, Range, GSL::Permutation, or Fixnum expected)", rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[0])));
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return retval;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,size)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  return INT2FIX(v->size);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,stride)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  return INT2FIX(v->stride);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,set_stride)(VALUE obj, VALUE ss)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  v->stride = (size_t) FIX2INT(ss);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,owner)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  return INT2FIX(v->owner);
+}
+
+void FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,set_subvector)(int argc, VALUE *argv, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v, VALUE other)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *vother;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) vv;
+  int step;
+  size_t i, offset, stride, n, nother;
+  BASE beg, end;
+
+  // assignment to v.subvector(...)
+  parse_subvector_args(argc, argv, v->size, &offset, &stride, &n);
+  vv = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,subvector_with_stride)(v, offset, stride, n);
+  if(rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector))) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(other, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), vother);
+    if(n != vother->size) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "lengths do not match (%d != %d)",(int) n, (int) vother->size);
+    }
+    // TODO Change to gsl_vector_memmove if/when GSL has such a function
+    // because gsl_vector_memcpy does not handle overlapping regions (e.g.
+    // Views) well.
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,memcpy)(&vv.vector, vother);
+  } else if(rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_cArray)) {
+    if(n != RARRAY_LEN(other)) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "lengths do not match (%d != %d)", (int) n, (int) RARRAY_LEN(other));
+    }
+    for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(&vv.vector, i, NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(other, i)));
+    }
+  } else if(rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_cRange)) {
+    FUNCTION(get_range,beg_en_n)(other, &beg, &end, &nother, &step);
+    if(n != nother) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "lengths do not match (%d != %d)", (int) n, (int) nother);
+    }
+    for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(&vv.vector, i, beg);
+      beg += step;
+    }
+  } else {
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set_all)(&vv.vector, NUMCONV2(other));
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,set)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v;
+  VALUE other;
+  int ii;
+
+  if(argc < 1 || argc > 4) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1-4)", argc);
+  }
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  other = argv[argc-1];
+
+  if(argc == 1) {
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set_all)(v, NUMCONV2(other));
+  } else if(argc == 2 && TYPE(argv[0]) == T_FIXNUM) {
+    // v[i] = x
+    ii = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+    if(ii < 0) ii += v->size;
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(v, (size_t)ii, NUMCONV2(other));
+  } else {
+    // assignment to v.subvector(...)
+    FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,set_subvector)(argc-1, argv, v, other);
+  }
+
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,set_all)(VALUE obj, VALUE xx)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  BASE xnative = NUMCONV2(xx);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set_all)(v, xnative);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,do_something)(VALUE obj, void (*func)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)*))
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  (*func)(v);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,set_zero)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,do_something)(obj, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set_zero));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,set_basis)(VALUE obj, VALUE ii)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(ii);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set_basis)(v, (size_t) FIX2INT(ii));
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,each)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) rb_yield(C_TO_VALUE2(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)));
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,reverse_each)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  for (i = v->size-1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    rb_yield(C_TO_VALUE2(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)));
+    if (i == 0) break;
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,each_index)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) rb_yield(INT2FIX(i));
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,reverse_each_index)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  for (i = v->size-1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    rb_yield(INT2FIX(i));
+    if (i == 0) break;
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,to_a)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+  VALUE ary;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  ary = rb_ary_new2(v->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++)
+    rb_ary_store(ary, i, C_TO_VALUE2(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)));
+  return ary;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,reverse_bang)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,reverse)(v);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,reverse)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size);
+  if (vnew == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_vector_int_alloc failed");
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,memcpy)(vnew, v);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,reverse)(vnew);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,max)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  return C_TO_VALUE2(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,max)(v));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,min)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  return C_TO_VALUE2(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,min)(v));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,minmax)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  BASE min, max;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,minmax)(v, &min, &max);
+  return rb_ary_new3(2, C_TO_VALUE2(min), C_TO_VALUE2(max));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,maxmin)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  BASE min, max;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,minmax)(v, &min, &max);
+  return rb_ary_new3(2, C_TO_VALUE2(max), C_TO_VALUE2(min));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,max_index)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  return INT2FIX(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,max_index)(v));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,min_index)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  return INT2FIX(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,min_index)(v));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,minmax_index)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  size_t imin, imax;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,minmax_index)(v, &imin, &imax);
+  return rb_ary_new3(2, INT2FIX(imin), INT2FIX(imax));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,maxmin_index)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  size_t imin, imax;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,minmax_index)(v, &imin, &imax);
+  return rb_ary_new3(2, INT2FIX(imax), INT2FIX(imin));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,isnull)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  return INT2FIX(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,isnull)(v));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,isnull2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  if (FUNCTION(gsl_vector,isnull)(v)) return Qtrue;
+  else return Qfalse;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,trans)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vnew = FUNCTION(make_vector,clone)(v);
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+  if (VECTOR_COL_P(obj))
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+  else return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_col, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+#elif defined(BASE_INT)
+  if (VECTOR_INT_ROW_P(obj))
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_int_col, 0, gsl_vector_int_free, vnew);
+  else if (VECTOR_INT_COL_P(obj))
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_int, 0, gsl_vector_int_free, vnew);
+  else rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, 
+		"wrong type %s (Vector::Int or Vector::Int::Col expected)",
+		rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(obj)));
+#endif
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,trans_bang)(VALUE obj)
+{
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+  if (CLASS_OF(obj) == cgsl_vector) RBASIC(obj)->klass = cgsl_vector_col;
+  else if (CLASS_OF(obj) == cgsl_vector_col) RBASIC(obj)->klass = cgsl_vector;
+  else {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "method trans! for %s is not permitted.",
+	     rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(obj)));
+  }	
+#elif defined(BASE_INT)
+  if (CLASS_OF(obj) == cgsl_vector_int) RBASIC(obj)->klass = cgsl_vector_int_col;
+  else if (CLASS_OF(obj) == cgsl_vector_int_col) RBASIC(obj)->klass = cgsl_vector_int;
+  else {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "method trans! for %s is not permitted.",
+	     rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(obj)));
+  }
+#endif
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,uplus)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return obj;
+}
+
+EXTERN VALUE cgsl_poly;
+
+VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,uminus)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, i, -FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i));
+  }
+  if (CLASS_OF(obj) == GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly))
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+  else 
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(VEC_ROW_COL(obj), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,sum)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  BASE sum = 0;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) sum += FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i);
+  return C_TO_VALUE2(sum);
+}
+
+/* Vector#sumsq is defined in blas1.c */
+#ifdef BASE_INT
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,sumsq)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  BASE sum = 0, x;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+    x = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i);
+    sum += x*x;
+  }
+  return C_TO_VALUE2(sum);
+}
+#endif
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,prod)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  BASE x = 1;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) x *= FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i);
+  return C_TO_VALUE(x);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,connect)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  BASE *ptr = NULL;
+  size_t i, total = 0;
+  if (VEC_P(obj)) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+    total += v->size;
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+    CHECK_VEC(argv[i]);
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[i], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+    total += v->size;
+  }
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(total);
+  ptr = vnew->data;
+  if (VEC_P(obj)) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+    memcpy(ptr, v->data, sizeof(BASE)*v->size);
+    ptr += v->size;
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[i], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+    memcpy(ptr, v->data, sizeof(BASE)*v->size);
+    ptr += v->size;
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+}
+
+GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)* FUNCTION(mygsl_vector,up)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *p)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *pnew;
+  pnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(p->size + 1);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(pnew, 0, 0);
+  memcpy(pnew->data+1, p->data, sizeof(BASE)*p->size);
+  return pnew;
+}
+
+void FUNCTION(mygsl_vector,up2)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *pnew, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *p)
+{
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set_all)(pnew, 0);
+  memcpy(pnew->data+1, p->data, sizeof(BASE)*p->size);
+}
+
+GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)* FUNCTION(mygsl_vector,down)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *p)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *pnew;
+  if (p->size <= 1) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "Length <= 1, cannot be shortened.");
+  }
+  pnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(p->size - 1);
+  memcpy(pnew->data, p->data + 1, sizeof(BASE)*(p->size-1));
+  return pnew;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,sgn)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  BASE x;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+    x = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, i, (BASE)(x>0 ? 1 : (x<0 ? -1 : 0)));
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(VEC_ROW_COL(obj), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);  
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,abs)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, i, (BASE) fabs(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)));
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(VEC_ROW_COL(obj), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);  
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,square)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, i, gsl_pow_2(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)));
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(VEC_ROW_COL(obj), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);  
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,sqrt)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, i, sqrt(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)));
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(VEC_ROW_COL(obj), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);  
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,memcpy)(VALUE obj, VALUE dest, VALUE src)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *vdest = NULL, *vsrc = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(dest, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), vdest);
+  Data_Get_Struct(src, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), vsrc);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,memcpy)(vdest, vsrc);
+  return dest;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,clone)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size);
+  if (vnew == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_vector_alloc failed");
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,memcpy)(vnew, v);
+  if (!VEC_VIEW_P(obj))
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(CLASS_OF(obj), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+  else 
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(VEC_ROW_COL(obj), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+}
+
+/* singleton */
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,swap)(VALUE obj, VALUE vv, VALUE ww)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *w = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(vv, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  Data_Get_Struct(ww, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), w);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,swap)(v, w);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,swap_elements)(VALUE obj, VALUE i, VALUE j)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(i);  CHECK_FIXNUM(j);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,swap_elements)(v, FIX2INT(i), FIX2INT(j));
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,fwrite)(VALUE obj, VALUE io)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *h = NULL;
+  FILE *f = NULL;
+  int status, flag = 0;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), h);
+  f = rb_gsl_open_writefile(io, &flag);
+  status = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,fwrite)(f, h);
+  if (flag == 1) fclose(f);
+  return INT2FIX(status);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,fread)(VALUE obj, VALUE io)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *h = NULL;
+  FILE *f = NULL;
+  int status, flag = 0;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), h);
+  f = rb_gsl_open_readfile(io, &flag);
+  status = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,fread)(f, h);
+  if (flag == 1) fclose(f);
+  return INT2FIX(status);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,fprintf)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *h = NULL;
+  FILE *fp = NULL;
+  int status, flag = 0;
+  if (argc != 1 && argc != 2) 
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1 or 2)", argc);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), h);
+  fp = rb_gsl_open_writefile(argv[0], &flag);
+  if (argc == 2) {
+    if (TYPE(argv[1]) == T_STRING)
+      status = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,fprintf)(fp, h, STR2CSTR(argv[1]));
+    else
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "argv 2 String expected");
+  } else {
+    status = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,fprintf)(fp, h, "%g");
+  }
+  if (flag == 1) fclose(fp);
+  return INT2FIX(status);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,printf)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *h = NULL;
+  int status;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), h);
+  if (argc == 1) {
+    if (TYPE(argv[0]) != T_STRING) 
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "String expected");
+    else
+      status = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,fprintf)(stdout, h, STR2CSTR(argv[0]));
+  } else {
+    status = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,fprintf)(stdout, h, "%g");
+  }
+  return INT2FIX(status);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,fscanf)(VALUE obj, VALUE io)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *h = NULL;
+  FILE *fp = NULL;
+  int status, flag = 0;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), h);
+  fp = rb_gsl_open_readfile(io, &flag);
+  status = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,fscanf)(fp, h);
+  if (flag == 1) fclose(fp);
+  return INT2FIX(status);
+}
+
+/* 2.Aug.2004 */
+VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,inner_product)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *v2 = NULL;
+  BASE prod = 0;
+#ifndef BASE_DOUBLE
+  size_t i;
+#endif
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE:  case T_CLASS:  case T_OBJECT:
+    if (argc != 2) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2)",
+			    argc);
+    CHECK_VEC(argv[0]);
+    CHECK_VEC(argv[1]);
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[1], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v2);
+    break;
+  default:
+    if (argc != 1) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1)",
+			    argc);
+    CHECK_VEC(argv[0]);
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v2);
+    break;
+  }
+  if (v->size != v2->size) rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "vector lengths are different.");
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+  gsl_blas_ddot(v, v2, &prod);
+#else
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+    prod += FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)*FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v2, i);
+  }
+#endif
+  return C_TO_VALUE2(prod);
+}
+
+int FUNCTION(rbgsl_vector,equal)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v1, const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v2, double eps)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  BASE x, y;
+  if (v1->size != v2->size) return 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < v2->size; i++) {
+    x = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v1, i);
+    y = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v2, i);
+    if (fabs(x - y) > eps) return 0;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_TENSOR_TENSOR_H
+EXTERN VALUE cgsl_tensor, cgsl_tensor_int;
+VALUE rb_gsl_tensor_equal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
+VALUE rb_gsl_tensor_int_equal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+#define TEN_P(x) TENSOR_P(x)
+#else
+#define TEN_P(x) TENSOR_INT_P(x)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,equal)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v1, *v2;
+  VALUE other;
+  size_t i;
+  double eps = 1e-10;
+  double x;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 2:
+    other = argv[0];
+    eps = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    other = argv[0];
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1 or 2)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+#ifdef HAVE_TENSOR_TENSOR_H
+  if (TEN_P(other)) {
+    return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_tensor,equal)(argc, argv, obj);
+  }
+#endif
+  switch (TYPE(other)) {
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_FLOAT:
+    x = NUM2DBL(other);
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v1);
+    for (i = 0; i < v1->size; i++) 
+      if (fabs(x-FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v1, i)) > eps) return Qfalse;
+    return Qtrue;
+    break;
+  default:
+    CHECK_VEC(other);
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v1);
+    Data_Get_Struct(other, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v2);
+    if (FUNCTION(rbgsl_vector,equal)(v1, v2, eps)) return Qtrue;
+    else return Qfalse;
+    break;
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_TENSOR_TENSOR_H
+#ifdef TEN_P
+#undef TEN_P
+#endif
+#endif
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,to_poly)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly) *p = NULL;
+  if (CLASS_OF(obj) == GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly)) return obj;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  p = FUNCTION(make_vector,clone)(v);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), p);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,graph)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_GNU_GRAPH
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *x = NULL, *y = NULL;
+  FILE *fp = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+  char command[1024];
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), y);
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 0:
+    strcpy(command, "graph -T X -g 3");
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    if (TYPE(argv[0]) == T_STRING) {
+      make_graphcommand(command, argv[0]);
+    } else if (VEC_P(argv[0])) {
+      strcpy(command, "graph -T X -g 3");
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), x);
+    } else {
+    }
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    if (TYPE(argv[1]) == T_STRING) {
+      make_graphcommand(command, argv[1]);
+      if (VEC_P(argv[0])) {
+	Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), x);
+      } else {
+	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "argv[0] wrong type %s (String or Vector expected)", 
+		 rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[0])));
+      }
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "argv[1] wrong type %s (String or Vector expected)", 
+	       rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[1])));
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0 or 1)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  if (y == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "ydata not given");
+  fp = popen(command, "w");
+  for (i = 0; i < y->size; i++) {
+    if (x == NULL) 
+      fprintf(fp, "%d %e\n", (int) i, (double) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(y, i));
+    else
+      fprintf(fp, "%e %e\n", (double) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(x, i), (double) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(y, i));
+  }
+  fflush(fp);
+  pclose(fp);
+  fp = NULL;
+  return Qtrue;
+#else
+  rb_raise(rb_eNoMethodError, "not implemented");
+  return Qfalse;
+#endif
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,graph_step)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_GNU_GRAPH
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *x = NULL, *y = NULL;
+  FILE *fp = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+  char command[1024];
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), y);
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 0:
+    strcpy(command, "graph -T X -g 3");
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    if (TYPE(argv[0]) == T_STRING) {
+      make_graphcommand(command, argv[0]);
+    } else if (VECTOR_P(argv[0])) {
+      strcpy(command, "graph -T X -g 3");
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), x);
+    } else {
+    }
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    if (TYPE(argv[1]) == T_STRING) {
+      make_graphcommand(command, argv[1]);
+      if (VEC_P(argv[0])) {
+	Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), x);
+      } else {
+	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "argv[0] wrong type %s (String or Vector expected)", 
+		 rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[0])));
+      }
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "argv[1] wrong type %s (String or Vector expected)", 
+	       rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[1])));
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0 or 1)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  if (y == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "ydata not given");
+  fp = popen(command, "w");
+  for (i = 0; i < y->size; i++) {
+    if (x == NULL) {
+      fprintf(fp, "%d %e\n%d %e\n", (int) i, (double) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(y, i),
+	      (int) (i+1), (double) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(y, i));
+    } else {
+      if (i != y->size-1) 
+	fprintf(fp, "%e %e\n%e %e\n", (double) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(x, i), 
+	(double) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(y, i),
+	(double) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(x, i+1), 
+	(double) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(y, i));
+      else
+	fprintf(fp, "%e %e\n%e %e", 
+	(double) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(x, i), 
+	(double) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(y, i),
+	2.0*FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(x, i)-FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(x, i-1), 
+	(double) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(y, i));
+    }
+  }
+  fflush(fp);
+  pclose(fp);
+  fp = NULL;
+  return Qtrue;
+#else
+  rb_raise(rb_eNoMethodError, "not implemented");
+  return Qfalse;
+#endif
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,plot)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *x = NULL, *y = NULL;
+  FILE *fp = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), y);
+  fp = popen("gnuplot -persist", "w");
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 0:
+    fprintf(fp, "plot '-'\n");
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    if (TYPE(argv[0]) == T_STRING) {
+      fprintf(fp, "plot '-' %s\n", STR2CSTR(argv[0]));
+    } else if (VEC_P(argv[0])) {
+      fprintf(fp, "plot '-'\n");
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), x);
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (String or Vector expected)",
+	       rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[0])));
+    }
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    if (TYPE(argv[1]) == T_STRING)
+      fprintf(fp, "plot '-' %s\n", STR2CSTR(argv[1]));
+    if (VEC_P(argv[0]))
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), x);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0 or 1)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  if (y == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "ydata not given");
+  for (i = 0; i < y->size; i++) {
+    if (x == NULL) 
+      fprintf(fp, "%d %e\n", (int) i, (double) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(y, i));
+    else
+      fprintf(fp, "%e %e\n", (double) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(x, i), 
+	(double) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(y, i));
+  }
+  fprintf(fp, "e\n");
+  fflush(fp);
+  pclose(fp);
+  fp = NULL;
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+void FUNCTION(gsl_vector,print)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v, VALUE klass)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  printf("[ ");
+  if (klass == cgsl_vector_col || klass == cgsl_vector_col_view
+	|| klass == cgsl_vector_col_view_ro
+	|| klass == cgsl_vector_int_col || klass == cgsl_vector_int_col_view
+	|| klass == cgsl_vector_int_col_view_ro) {
+    printf(PRINTF_FORMAT, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 0));
+    for (i = 1; i < v->size; i++) {	
+      printf(PRINTF_FORMAT, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i));
+      if (i != v->size-1) printf("\n");
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) printf(PRINTF_FORMAT, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i));
+  }
+  printf("]\n");
+}
+
+VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,print)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,print)(v, CLASS_OF(obj));
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+#define SHOW_ELM 6
+#else
+#define SHOW_ELM 15
+#endif
+
+VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,to_s)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  char buf[32], format[32], format2[32];
+  size_t i;
+  VALUE str;
+  BASE x, min;
+  int dig = 8;
+#ifdef BASE_INT
+  BASE max;
+  dig = 1;
+#endif
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  if (v->size == 0) return rb_str_new2("[ ]");
+  min = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,min)(v);
+  str = rb_str_new2("[ ");
+  if (VEC_COL_P(obj)) {
+#ifdef BASE_INT
+    max = gsl_vector_int_max(v);
+    dig = (int) GSL_MAX(fabs(max),fabs(min));
+    if (dig > 0) dig = ceil(log10(dig+1e-10));
+    else dig = 1;
+    if (min < 0) dig += 1;
+    sprintf(format, "%%%dd ", (int) dig);
+    strcpy(format2, format);
+#else
+    strcpy(format, PRINTF_FORMAT);
+    strcpy(format2, " "PRINTF_FORMAT);
+#endif
+    for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+      if (i != 0) {
+	strcpy(buf, "  ");
+	rb_str_cat(str, buf, strlen(buf));
+      }
+      x = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i);
+      if (x < 0) sprintf(buf, format, x); 
+      else sprintf(buf, format2, x); 
+      if (i != v->size-1) strcat(buf, "\n");
+      rb_str_cat(str, buf, strlen(buf));
+      if (i >= 20 && i != v->size-1) {
+        strcpy(buf, "  ...");
+        rb_str_cat(str, buf, strlen(buf));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    sprintf(buf,  PRINTF_FORMAT, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 0));
+    rb_str_cat(str, buf, strlen(buf));
+    for (i = 1; i < v->size; i++) {
+      sprintf(buf,  PRINTF_FORMAT, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i));
+      rb_str_cat(str, buf, strlen(buf));
+      if (i >= (55/dig) && i != v->size-1) {
+        strcpy(buf, "... ");
+        rb_str_cat(str, buf, strlen(buf));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  sprintf(buf, "]");
+  rb_str_cat(str, buf, strlen(buf));
+  return str;
+}
+#undef SHOW_ELM
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,inspect)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  VALUE str;
+  char buf[64];
+  sprintf(buf, "%s\n", rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(obj)));
+  str = rb_str_new2(buf);
+  return rb_str_concat(str, FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,to_s)(obj));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,subvector)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) *vv = NULL;
+  size_t offset, stride, n;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  parse_subvector_args(argc, argv, v->size, &offset, &stride, &n);
+  vv = ALLOC(QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view));
+  *vv = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,subvector_with_stride)(v, offset, stride, n);
+  if (VEC_COL_P(obj))
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(QUALIFIED_VIEW(cgsl_vector,col_view), 0, free, vv);
+  else
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(QUALIFIED_VIEW(cgsl_vector,view), 0, free, vv);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,subvector_with_stride)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) *vv = NULL;
+  int offset = 0, step, length;
+  size_t stride = 1, n;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 1:
+    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[0]);
+    step = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+    if(step == 0) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "stride must be non-zero");
+    }
+    stride = (size_t)step;
+    //n = v->size/stride;
+    n = (v->size-1)/stride + 1;
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[0]);    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[1]);
+    offset = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+    step = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+    if(offset < 0) {
+      offset += v->size;
+      if(offset < 0) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "offset %d out of range", offset - (int)v->size);
+      }
+    } else if(offset >= v->size) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "offset %d out of range", offset);
+    }
+    if(step == 0) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "stride must be non-zero");
+    }
+    stride = (size_t)step;
+    //n = (v->size-(size_t)offset)/stride;
+    n = (v->size-(size_t)offset-1)/stride + 1;
+    break;
+  case 3:
+    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[0]); CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[1]); CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[2]);
+    offset = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+    step = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+    length = FIX2INT(argv[2]);
+    if(offset < 0) {
+      offset += v->size;
+      if(offset < 0) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "offset %d out of range", offset - (int)v->size);
+      }
+    }
+    if(step == 0) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "stride must be non-zero");
+    }
+    if(length < 0) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "length must be non-negative");
+    }
+    stride = (size_t)step;
+    n = (size_t)length;
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1 - 3)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  vv = ALLOC(QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view));
+  *vv = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,subvector_with_stride)(v, (size_t)offset, stride, n);
+  if (VEC_COL_P(obj))
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(QUALIFIED_VIEW(cgsl_vector,col_view), 0, free, vv);
+  else
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(QUALIFIED_VIEW(cgsl_vector,view), 0, free, vv);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,matrix_view)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_matrix,view) *mv = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 2:
+    mv = ALLOC(QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_matrix,view));
+    *mv = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,view_vector)(v, FIX2INT(argv[0]), FIX2INT(argv[1]));
+    break;
+  case 3:
+    mv = ALLOC(QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_matrix,view));
+    *mv = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,view_vector_with_tda)(v, FIX2INT(argv[0]), FIX2INT(argv[1]), 
+				 FIX2INT(argv[2]));
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2 or 3)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(QUALIFIED_VIEW(cgsl_matrix,view), 0, free, mv);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,matrix_view_with_tda)(VALUE obj, VALUE nn1, VALUE nn2,
+						VALUE tda)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_matrix,view) *mv = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  mv = ALLOC(QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_matrix,view));
+  *mv = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,view_vector_with_tda)(v, FIX2INT(nn1), FIX2INT(nn2), FIX2INT(tda));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(QUALIFIED_VIEW(cgsl_matrix,view), 0, free, mv);
+}
+
+void FUNCTION(mygsl_vector,shift)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *p, size_t n)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  for (i = n; i >= 0; i--) {
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(p, i+1, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(p, i));
+    if (i == 0) break;
+  }
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(p, 0, 0);
+}
+
+void FUNCTION(mygsl_vector,shift_scale2)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *p, size_t n)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  for (i = n; i >= 0; i--) {
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(p, i+1, 2*FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(p, i));
+    if (i == 0) break;
+  }
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(p, 0, 0);
+}
+
+GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)* FUNCTION(make_vector,clone)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *vnew = NULL;
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size);
+  if (v->stride == 1) memcpy(vnew->data, v->data, sizeof(BASE)*v->size);
+  else FUNCTION(gsl_vector,memcpy)(vnew, v);
+  return vnew;
+}
+
+VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,scale)(VALUE obj, VALUE x)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v, *vnew;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vnew = FUNCTION(make_vector,clone)(v);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,scale)(vnew, NUMCONV(x));
+  //  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(VEC_ROW_COL(obj), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+}
+
+VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,scale_bang)(VALUE obj, VALUE x)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,scale)(v, NUMCONV(x));
+  return obj;
+}
+
+VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,add_constant)(VALUE obj, VALUE x)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v, *vnew;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vnew = FUNCTION(make_vector,clone)(v);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,add_constant)(vnew, NUMCONV(x));
+  //  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(VEC_ROW_COL(obj), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+}
+
+VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,add_constant_bang)(VALUE obj, VALUE x)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,add_constant)(v, NUMCONV(x));
+  return obj;
+}
+
+QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view)* FUNCTION(rb_gsl_make_vector,view)(BASE *data, size_t size, size_t stride)
+{
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) *v = NULL;
+  v = ALLOC(QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view));
+  v->vector.size = size;
+  v->vector.stride = stride;
+  v->vector.owner = 0;
+  v->vector.data = data;
+  return v;
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_TENSOR_TENSOR_H
+#include "rb_gsl_tensor.h"
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,to_tensor)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  GSL_TYPE(rbgsl_tensor) *t;
+  unsigned int rank;
+  size_t dim;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 0:
+    rank = 1;
+    dim = v->size;
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    rank = FIX2UINT(argv[0]);
+    dim = FIX2UINT(argv[1]);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0 or 2)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  t = FUNCTION(rbgsl_tensor,alloc)(rank, dim);
+  memcpy(t->tensor->data, v->data, sizeof(BASE)*v->size);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_tensor), 0, FUNCTION(rbgsl_tensor,free), t);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+#define PRINTF_FORMAT2 "%g "
+#else
+#define PRINTF_FORMAT2 "%d "
+#endif
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,to_gplot)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  char buf[1024] = "";
+  size_t i, j, len = 0, nv, istart;
+  VALUE str, tmp;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v, **vp;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE: case T_CLASS: case T_OBJECT:
+    if (argc < 1) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "no vectors given");
+    if (TYPE(argv[0]) == T_ARRAY) nv = RARRAY_LEN(argv[0]);
+    else nv = argc;
+    vp = (GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)**) ALLOC_N(GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)*, nv);
+    istart = 0;
+    break;
+  default:
+    CHECK_VEC(obj);
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+    if (argc >= 1 && TYPE(argv[0]) == T_ARRAY) nv = 1 + RARRAY_LEN(argv[0]);
+    else nv = argc + 1;
+    vp = (GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)**) ALLOC_N(GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)*, nv);
+    vp[0] = v; len = v->size;
+    istart = 1;
+    break;
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+    if (TYPE(argv[0]) == T_ARRAY) tmp = rb_ary_entry(argv[0], i);
+    else tmp = argv[i];
+    CHECK_VEC(tmp);
+    Data_Get_Struct(tmp, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+    if (len == 0) len = v->size;
+    if (len != v->size) 
+      rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "vectors must have equal lengths");
+    vp[i+istart] = v;
+  }
+  str = rb_str_new2(buf);
+  for (j = 0; j < len; j++) {
+    for (i = 0; i < nv; i++) {
+      sprintf(buf, PRINTF_FORMAT2, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(vp[i], j));
+      rb_str_buf_cat(str, buf, strlen(buf));
+    }
+    rb_str_buf_cat2(str, "\n");
+  }
+  rb_str_buf_cat2(str, "\n");
+  free((GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)**)vp);
+  return str;
+}
+#undef PRINTF_FORMAT2
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,to_m_diagonal)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,calloc)(v->size, v->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++)
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, i, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,collect)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *vnew;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, i, NUMCONV(rb_yield(C_TO_VALUE(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)))));
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+}
+
+/* 2004/May/03 */
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,collect_bang)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(v, i, NUMCONV(rb_yield(C_TO_VALUE(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)))));
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+/* Modified 2006/Sep/26 */
+GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)* FUNCTION(mygsl_vector,mul_matrix)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v,
+							GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *vnew;
+  size_t i, j;
+  BASE sum;
+  if (v->size != m->size1) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "vector/matrix sizes are different.");
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(m->size2);
+  for (i = 0; i < m->size2; i++) {
+    sum = 0;
+    for (j = 0; j < m->size1; j++) {
+      sum += FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, j)*FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m, j, i);
+    }
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, i, sum);
+  }
+  return vnew;
+}
+
+void FUNCTION(mygsl_vector,to_m_circulant)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v)
+{
+  size_t i, j;
+  for (i = v->size-1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    for (j = 0; j < v->size; j++) {
+      if (j <= i) FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, j, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, v->size-1-i+j));
+      else FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, j, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, j-i-1));
+    }
+    if (i == 0) break;
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,to_m_circulant)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(v->size, v->size);
+  FUNCTION(mygsl_vector,to_m_circulant)(m, v);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+}
+
+static void FUNCTION(mygsl_vector,indgen)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v,
+					  BASE start, BASE step)
+{
+  size_t k = 0;
+  BASE i;
+  i = start;
+  for (k = 0; k < v->size; k++) {
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(v, k, i);
+    i += step;
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,indgen_singleton)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  size_t n;
+  BASE start = 0, step = 1;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 3:
+    step = NUMCONV2(argv[2]);
+    /* no break */
+  case 2:
+    start = NUMCONV2(argv[1]);
+    /* no break */
+  case 1:
+    n = NUM2INT(argv[0]);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1-3)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  v = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(n);
+  FUNCTION(mygsl_vector,indgen)(v, start, step);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), v);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,indgen)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v, *vnew;
+  BASE start = 0, step = 1;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 2:
+    step = NUMCONV2(argv[1]);
+    /* no break */
+  case 1:
+    start = NUMCONV2(argv[0]);
+    break;
+  case 0:
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0-2)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size);
+  FUNCTION(mygsl_vector,indgen)(vnew, start, step);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,indgen_bang)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  BASE start = 0, step = 1;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 2:
+    step = NUMCONV2(argv[1]);
+    /* no break */
+  case 1:
+    start = NUMCONV2(argv[0]);
+    break;
+  case 0:
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0-2)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  FUNCTION(mygsl_vector,indgen)(v, start, step);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,to_m)(VALUE obj, VALUE ii, VALUE jj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  size_t i, j, n;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(ii); CHECK_FIXNUM(jj);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  i = (size_t) FIX2INT(ii); j = (size_t) FIX2INT(jj);
+  n = i*j;
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(i, j);
+  memcpy(m->data, v->data, sizeof(BASE)*v->size);
+  for (i = n; i < v->size; i++) m->data[i] = (BASE) 0;
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,block)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_block), 0, NULL, v->block);
+}
+
+/*****/
+static VALUE GSL_TYPE(rb_gsl_sort_vector)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_sort_vector)(v);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE GSL_TYPE(rb_gsl_sort_vector2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,memcpy)(vnew, v);
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_sort_vector)(vnew);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_sort_vector,index)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  gsl_index *p = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  p = gsl_permutation_alloc(v->size);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_sort_vector,index)(p, v);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_index, 0, gsl_permutation_free, p);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_sort_vector,smallest)(VALUE obj, VALUE kk)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *v2 = NULL;
+  size_t k;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(kk);
+  k = FIX2INT(kk);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  v2 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(k);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_sort_vector,smallest)(v2->data, k, v);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), v2);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_sort_vector,largest)(VALUE obj, VALUE kk)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *v2 = NULL;
+  size_t k;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(kk);
+  k = FIX2INT(kk);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  v2 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(k);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_sort_vector,largest)(v2->data, k, v);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), v2);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_sort_vector,smallest_index)(VALUE obj, VALUE kk)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  gsl_index *p = NULL;
+  size_t k;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(kk);
+  k = FIX2INT(kk);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  p = gsl_permutation_alloc(k);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_sort_vector,smallest_index)(p->data, k, v);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_index, 0, gsl_permutation_free, p);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_sort_vector,largest_index)(VALUE obj, VALUE kk)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  gsl_index *p = NULL;
+  size_t k;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(kk);
+  k = FIX2INT(kk);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  p = gsl_permutation_alloc(k);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_sort_vector,largest_index)(p->data, k, v);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_index, 0, gsl_permutation_free, p);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,histogram)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  gsl_histogram *h;
+  gsl_vector *ranges;
+  double min, max;
+  size_t i, n;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 1:
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[0], rb_cRange)) 
+      argv[0] = rb_gsl_range2ary(argv[0]);
+    switch (TYPE(argv[0])) {
+    case T_FIXNUM:
+      n = NUM2INT(argv[0]);
+      min = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,min)(v) - 4*GSL_DBL_EPSILON;
+      max = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,max)(v) + 4*GSL_DBL_EPSILON;
+      h = gsl_histogram_alloc(n);
+      gsl_histogram_set_ranges_uniform(h, min, max);
+      break;
+    case T_ARRAY:
+      n = RARRAY_LEN(argv[0]) - 1;
+      h = gsl_histogram_alloc(n);
+      for (i = 0; i <= n; i++) h->range[i] = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], i));
+      break;
+    default:
+      CHECK_VECTOR(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_vector, ranges);
+      n = ranges->size - 1;
+      h = gsl_histogram_alloc(n);
+      gsl_histogram_set_ranges(h, ranges->data, ranges->size);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    n = NUM2INT(argv[0]);
+    switch (TYPE(argv[1])) {
+    case T_ARRAY:
+      min = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(argv[1], 0));
+      max = NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(argv[1], 1));
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (Array expected)",
+	       rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[1])));
+      break;
+    }
+    h = gsl_histogram_alloc(n);
+    gsl_histogram_set_ranges_uniform(h, min, max);
+    break;
+  case 3:
+    n = NUM2INT(argv[0]);
+    min = NUM2DBL(argv[1]); max = NUM2DBL(argv[2]);
+    h = gsl_histogram_alloc(n);
+    gsl_histogram_set_ranges_uniform(h, min, max);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments %d", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++)
+    gsl_histogram_increment(h, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_histogram, 0, gsl_histogram_free, h);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,last)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  return C_TO_VALUE(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, v->size-1));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,first)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  return C_TO_VALUE(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 0));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,concat)(VALUE obj, VALUE other)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *v2 = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) vv;
+  VALUE x;
+  BASE beg, end;
+  int step;
+  size_t i, size2;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+
+  switch(TYPE(other)) {
+    case T_FIXNUM:
+    case T_BIGNUM:
+    case T_FLOAT:
+      vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size + 1);
+      vv = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,subvector)(vnew, 0, v->size);
+      FUNCTION(gsl_vector,memcpy)(&vv.vector, v);
+      FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, v->size, NUMCONV2(other));
+      break;
+
+    case T_ARRAY:
+      size2 = RARRAY_LEN(other);
+      vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size + size2);
+      vv = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,subvector)(vnew, 0, v->size);
+      FUNCTION(gsl_vector,memcpy)(&vv.vector, v);
+      for (i = 0; i < size2; i++) {
+        x = rb_ary_entry(other, i);
+        FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, v->size + i, NUMCONV2(x));
+      }
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      if(rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_cRange)) {
+        FUNCTION(get_range,beg_en_n)(other, &beg, &end, &size2, &step);
+        vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size + size2);
+        vv = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,subvector)(vnew, 0, v->size);
+        FUNCTION(gsl_vector,memcpy)(&vv.vector, v);
+        for (i = 0; i < size2; i++) {
+          FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, v->size + i, beg);
+          beg += step;
+        }
+      } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector))) {
+        Data_Get_Struct(other, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v2);
+        size2 = v2->size;
+        vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size + size2);
+        vv = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,subvector)(vnew, 0, v->size);
+        FUNCTION(gsl_vector,memcpy)(&vv.vector, v);
+        vv = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,subvector)(vnew, v->size, size2);
+        FUNCTION(gsl_vector,memcpy)(&vv.vector, v2);
+      } else {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (Array, Numeric, Range, or %s expected)",
+            rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(other)), rb_class2name(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector)));
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(VEC_ROW_COL(obj), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);  
+}
+
+void FUNCTION(mygsl_vector,diff)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *vdst,
+				 GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *vsrc, size_t n)
+{
+  BASE a, b;
+  int coef, fac, nn, ff;
+  size_t i, k;
+  nn = gsl_sf_fact((unsigned int) n);
+  if (GSL_IS_EVEN(n)) ff = 1;
+  else ff = -1;
+  for (i = 0; i < vsrc->size-n; i++) {
+    fac = ff;
+    a = 0;
+    for (k = 0; k <= n; k++) {
+      b = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(vsrc, i+k);
+      coef = nn/gsl_sf_fact(k)/gsl_sf_fact(n-k);
+      a += fac*coef*b;
+      fac *= -1;
+    }
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vdst, i, a);
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,diff)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  size_t n;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 0:
+    n = 1;
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    n = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0 or 1)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  if (n <= 0) return obj;
+  if (v->size <= n) return obj;
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size - n);
+  FUNCTION(mygsl_vector,diff)(vnew, v, n);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,test)(VALUE obj, int (*f)(const double))
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  gsl_vector_int *vi = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vi = gsl_vector_int_alloc(v->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) 
+    gsl_vector_int_set(vi, i, (*f)(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_int, 0, gsl_vector_int_free, vi);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,test2)(VALUE obj, int (*f)(const double))
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  VALUE ary;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  ary = rb_ary_new2(v->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+    if ((*f)(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)))
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, Qtrue);
+    else
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, Qfalse);
+  }
+  return ary;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,isnan)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,test)(obj, gsl_isnan);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,isinf)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,test)(obj, gsl_isinf);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,finite)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,test)(obj, gsl_finite);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,isnan2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,test2)(obj, gsl_isnan);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,isinf2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,test2)(obj, gsl_isinf);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,finite2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,test2)(obj, gsl_finite);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,delete_at)(VALUE obj, VALUE ii)
+{
+  int i2;
+  size_t i;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v;
+  BASE x;
+  if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(obj,QUALIFIED_VIEW(cgsl_vector,view)))
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "prohibited for %s", rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(obj)));
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  if (v->stride != 1) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "vector must have stride 1");
+  if (v->size == 0) return Qnil;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(ii);
+  i2 = FIX2INT(ii);
+  if (i2 < 0) {
+    i2 += v->size;
+  }
+  if (i2 < 0 || i2 > v->size-1) return Qnil;
+  i = (size_t) i2;
+  x = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i);
+  memmove(v->data+i, v->data+i+1, sizeof(BASE)*(v->size-1-i));
+  v->size -= 1;
+  return C_TO_VALUE(x);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,delete_if)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v;
+  BASE x;
+  VALUE val;
+  size_t i, count = 0;
+  if (!rb_block_given_p()) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "block is not given");
+  if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(obj,QUALIFIED_VIEW(cgsl_vector,view)))
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "prohibited for %s", rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(obj)));
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  if (v->stride != 1) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "vector must have stride 1");
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+    x = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i);
+    val = rb_yield(C_TO_VALUE(x));
+    if(RTEST(val)) {
+      count++;
+    } else if(count > 0) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(v, i-count, x);
+    }
+  }
+  v->size -= count;
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,delete)(VALUE obj, VALUE yy)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v;
+  BASE x, y;
+  size_t i, count = 0;
+  y = NUMCONV(yy);
+  if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(obj,QUALIFIED_VIEW(cgsl_vector,view)))
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "prohibited for %s", rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(obj)));
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  if (v->stride != 1) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "vector must have stride 1");
+  if (v->size == 0) return obj;
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+    x = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i);
+    if (x == y) {
+      count++;
+    } else if(count > 0) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(v, i-count, x);
+    }
+  }
+  v->size -= count;
+  return count ? y : Qnil;
+}
+
+/* singleton method */
+#ifdef BASE_INT
+#define FORMAT_TMP "%d"
+#else
+#define FORMAT_TMP "%lf"
+#endif
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,filescan)(VALUE klass, VALUE file)
+{
+  FILE *fp = NULL;
+  int nn, k;
+  char buf[1024], filename[1024];
+  size_t n, lines, i, j, ii = 0, jj;
+  long pos;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) **x;
+  BASE val;
+  VALUE ary;
+  Check_Type(file, T_STRING);
+  strcpy(filename, STR2CSTR(file));
+  sprintf(buf, "sed '/^#/d' %s | wc", filename);
+  if ((fp = popen(buf, "r")) == NULL) 
+    rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "popen failed.");
+  fgets(buf, 1024, fp);
+  pclose(fp);
+  sscanf(buf, "%d", &nn);
+  lines = (size_t) nn;  /*  vector length */
+  if ((fp = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) 
+    rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "cannot open file %s.", filename);
+  while (1) {
+	  fgets(buf, 1024, fp);    /* read the first line to count number of columns */
+	  if (buf[0] == '#') continue;
+	  else break;
+	}
+  n = count_columns(buf);  /* number of vectors to be created */
+  x = (GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)**) xmalloc(sizeof(GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)*)*n);
+  ary = rb_ary_new2(n);
+  for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+    x[j] = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(lines);
+    rb_ary_store(ary, j, Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), x[j]));
+  }
+  rewind(fp);
+  for (i = 0, ii = 0; ii < lines; i++) {
+		pos = ftell(fp);
+		fgets(buf, 1024, fp);
+		if (buf[0] == '#') continue;
+		fseek(fp, pos, SEEK_SET);
+    for (j = 0, jj = 0; jj < n; j++) {
+      k = fscanf(fp, FORMAT_TMP, &val);
+      if (k != 1) continue;
+      FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(x[jj++], ii, val);
+    }
+    ii += 1;
+  }
+  fclose(fp);
+  free(x);
+  return ary;
+}
+#undef FORMAT_TMP
+
+static int FUNCTION(gsl_vector,eq)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *a, 
+				   const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *b,
+				   gsl_block_uchar *c)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  BASE x, y;
+  if (a->size != b->size) return -1;
+  if (a->size != c->size) return -2;
+  for (i = 0; i < a->size; i++) {
+    x = a->data[i*a->stride];
+    y = b->data[i*b->stride];
+    c->data[i] = (x > y || x < y) ? 0 : 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int FUNCTION(gsl_vector,ne)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *a, 
+				   const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *b,
+				   gsl_block_uchar *c)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  BASE x, y;
+  if (a->size != b->size) return -1;
+  if (a->size != c->size) return -2;
+  for (i = 0; i < a->size; i++) {
+    x = a->data[i*a->stride];
+    y = b->data[i*b->stride];
+    c->data[i] = (x > y || x < y) ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int FUNCTION(gsl_vector,gt)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *a, 
+				   const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *b,
+				   gsl_block_uchar *c)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  BASE x, y;
+  if (a->size != b->size) return -1;
+  if (a->size != c->size) return -2;
+  for (i = 0; i < a->size; i++) {
+    x = a->data[i*a->stride];
+    y = b->data[i*b->stride];
+    c->data[i] =  (x > y) ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int FUNCTION(gsl_vector,ge)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *a, 
+				   const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *b,
+				   gsl_block_uchar *c)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  BASE x, y;
+  if (a->size != b->size) return -1;
+  if (a->size != c->size) return -2;
+  for (i = 0; i < a->size; i++) {
+    x = a->data[i*a->stride];
+    y = b->data[i*b->stride];
+    c->data[i] =  (x >= y) ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int FUNCTION(gsl_vector,lt)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *a, 
+				   const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *b,
+				   gsl_block_uchar *c)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  BASE x, y;
+  if (a->size != b->size) return -1;
+  if (a->size != c->size) return -2;
+  for (i = 0; i < a->size; i++) {
+    x = a->data[i*a->stride];
+    y = b->data[i*b->stride];
+    c->data[i] =  (x < y) ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int FUNCTION(gsl_vector,le)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *a, 
+				   const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *b,
+				   gsl_block_uchar *c)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  BASE x, y;
+  if (a->size != b->size) return -1;
+  if (a->size != c->size) return -2;
+  for (i = 0; i < a->size; i++) {
+    x = a->data[i*a->stride];
+    y = b->data[i*b->stride];
+    c->data[i] =  (x <= y) ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int FUNCTION(gsl_vector,and)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *a, 
+				   const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *b,
+				   gsl_block_uchar *c)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  BASE x, y;
+  if (a->size != b->size) return -1;
+  if (a->size != c->size) return -2;
+  for (i = 0; i < a->size; i++) {
+    x = a->data[i*a->stride];
+    y = b->data[i*b->stride];
+    c->data[i] = (x != 0 && y != 0) ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int FUNCTION(gsl_vector,or)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *a, 
+				   const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *b,
+				   gsl_block_uchar *c)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  BASE x, y;
+  if (a->size != b->size) return -1;
+  if (a->size != c->size) return -2;
+  for (i = 0; i < a->size; i++) {
+    x = a->data[i*a->stride];
+    y = b->data[i*b->stride];
+    c->data[i] = (x != 0 || y != 0) ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int FUNCTION(gsl_vector,xor)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *a, 
+				    const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *b,
+				    gsl_block_uchar *c)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  BASE x, y;
+  if (a->size != b->size) return -1;
+  if (a->size != c->size) return -2;
+  for (i = 0; i < a->size; i++) {
+    x = a->data[i*a->stride];
+    y = b->data[i*b->stride];
+    c->data[i] = ((x != 0) == (y != 0)) ? 0 : 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int FUNCTION(gsl_vector,eq2)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *a, 
+				    BASE b, gsl_block_uchar *c)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  BASE x, y;
+  if (a->size != c->size) return -2;
+  for (i = 0; i < a->size; i++) {
+    x = a->data[i*a->stride];
+    y = b;
+    c->data[i] = (x > y || x < y) ? 0 : 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int FUNCTION(gsl_vector,ne2)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *a, 
+				   BASE b,
+				   gsl_block_uchar *c)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  BASE x, y;
+  if (a->size != c->size) return -2;
+  for (i = 0; i < a->size; i++) {
+    x = a->data[i*a->stride];
+    y = b;
+    c->data[i] = (x > y || x < y) ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int FUNCTION(gsl_vector,gt2)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *a, 
+				   BASE b,
+				   gsl_block_uchar *c)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  BASE x, y;
+  if (a->size != c->size) return -2;
+  for (i = 0; i < a->size; i++) {
+    x = a->data[i*a->stride];
+    y = b;
+    c->data[i] =  (x > y) ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int FUNCTION(gsl_vector,ge2)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *a, 
+				   BASE b,
+				   gsl_block_uchar *c)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  BASE x, y;
+  if (a->size != c->size) return -2;
+  for (i = 0; i < a->size; i++) {
+    x = a->data[i*a->stride];
+    y = b;
+    c->data[i] =  (x >= y) ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int FUNCTION(gsl_vector,lt2)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *a, 
+				   BASE b,
+				   gsl_block_uchar *c)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  BASE x, y;
+  if (a->size != c->size) return -2;
+  for (i = 0; i < a->size; i++) {
+    x = a->data[i*a->stride];
+    y = b;
+    c->data[i] =  (x < y) ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int FUNCTION(gsl_vector,le2)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *a, 
+				    BASE b,
+				   gsl_block_uchar *c)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  BASE x, y;
+  if (a->size != c->size) return -2;
+  for (i = 0; i < a->size; i++) {
+    x = a->data[i*a->stride];
+    y = b;
+    c->data[i] =  (x <= y) ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int FUNCTION(gsl_vector,and2)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *a, 
+				    BASE b,
+				   gsl_block_uchar *c)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  BASE x, y;
+  if (a->size != c->size) return -2;
+  for (i = 0; i < a->size; i++) {
+    x = a->data[i*a->stride];
+    y = b;
+    c->data[i] = (x != 0 && y != 0) ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int FUNCTION(gsl_vector,or2)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *a, 
+				    BASE b,
+				   gsl_block_uchar *c)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  BASE x, y;
+  if (a->size != c->size) return -2;
+  for (i = 0; i < a->size; i++) {
+    x = a->data[i*a->stride];
+    y = b;
+    c->data[i] = (x != 0 || y != 0) ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int FUNCTION(gsl_vector,xor2)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *a, 
+				     BASE b,
+				    gsl_block_uchar *c)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  BASE x, y;
+  if (a->size != c->size) return -2;
+  for (i = 0; i < a->size; i++) {
+    x = a->data[i*a->stride];
+    y = b;
+    c->data[i] = ((x != 0) == (y != 0)) ? 0 : 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,compare)(VALUE aa, VALUE bb,
+					     int (*cmp)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)*,
+							const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)*,
+							gsl_block_uchar*),
+					     int (*cmp2)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)*,
+							 BASE,
+							 gsl_block_uchar*))
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *a, *b;
+  /*  gsl_vector_int *c;*/
+  gsl_block_uchar *c;
+  int status;
+  Data_Get_Struct(aa, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), a);
+  c = gsl_block_uchar_alloc(a->size);
+  if (VEC_P(bb)) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(bb, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), b);
+    if (a->size != b->size) 
+      rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Vector size mismatch, %d and %d", (int) a->size, 
+	       (int) b->size);
+    status = (*cmp)(a, b, c);
+  } else {
+    status = (*cmp2)(a, NUMCONV(bb), c);
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_block_uchar, 0, gsl_block_uchar_free, c);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,eq)(VALUE aa, VALUE bb)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,compare)(aa, bb, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,eq),
+					 FUNCTION(gsl_vector,eq2));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,ne)(VALUE aa, VALUE bb)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,compare)(aa, bb, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,ne),
+					 FUNCTION(gsl_vector,ne2));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,gt)(VALUE aa, VALUE bb)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,compare)(aa, bb, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,gt),
+					 FUNCTION(gsl_vector,gt2));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,ge)(VALUE aa, VALUE bb)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,compare)(aa, bb, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,ge),
+					 FUNCTION(gsl_vector,ge2));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,lt)(VALUE aa, VALUE bb)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,compare)(aa, bb, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,lt),
+					 FUNCTION(gsl_vector,lt2));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,le)(VALUE aa, VALUE bb)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,compare)(aa, bb, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,le),
+					 FUNCTION(gsl_vector,le2));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,and)(VALUE aa, VALUE bb)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,compare)(aa, bb, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,and),
+					 FUNCTION(gsl_vector,and2));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,or)(VALUE aa, VALUE bb)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,compare)(aa, bb, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,or),
+					 FUNCTION(gsl_vector,or2));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,xor)(VALUE aa, VALUE bb)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,compare)(aa, bb, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,xor),
+					 FUNCTION(gsl_vector,xor2));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,not)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v;
+  gsl_block_uchar *vv;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vv = gsl_block_uchar_alloc(v->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) vv->data[i] = (v->data[i*v->stride] != 0) ? 0 : 1;
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_block_uchar, 0, gsl_block_uchar_free, vv);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,any)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+    for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+      if (rb_yield(C_TO_VALUE(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)))) return INT2FIX(1);
+    }
+    return INT2FIX(0);
+  } else {
+    if (FUNCTION(gsl_vector,isnull)(v)) return INT2FIX(0);
+    return INT2FIX(1);
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,any2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+    for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) 
+      if (rb_yield(C_TO_VALUE(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)))) return Qtrue;
+    return Qfalse;
+  } else {
+    for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) 
+      if (v->data[i*v->stride]) return Qtrue;
+    return Qfalse;
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,none)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v;
+  size_t i;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+    for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) 
+      if (rb_yield(C_TO_VALUE(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)))) return Qfalse;
+    return Qtrue;
+  } else {
+    for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) 
+      if (v->data[i*v->stride]) return Qfalse;
+    return Qtrue;
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,all)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v;
+  size_t i;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+    for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) 
+      if (!rb_yield(C_TO_VALUE(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)))) return Qfalse;
+    return Qtrue;
+  } else {
+    for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) 
+      if (!v->data[i*v->stride]) return Qfalse;
+    return Qtrue;
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,where)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v;
+  gsl_index *vv;
+  gsl_block_uchar *btmp = NULL;
+  size_t i, j, n = 0;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  /* count true elements */
+  if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+    btmp = gsl_block_uchar_alloc(v->size);
+    for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+      if (rb_yield(C_TO_VALUE(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)))) {
+	btmp->data[i] = 1;
+	n++;
+      } else {
+	btmp->data[i] = 0;
+      }
+    }  /* for */
+  } else { /* block is not given */
+    for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) { if (FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)) n++; }
+  }
+  if (n == 0) {
+    if (btmp) gsl_block_uchar_free(btmp);
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  vv = gsl_permutation_alloc(n);
+  for (i = 0, j = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+    if ((!btmp && FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)) || (btmp && btmp->data[i])) {
+      vv->data[j++] = i;
+    }
+  }
+  if (btmp) gsl_block_uchar_free(btmp);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_index, 0, gsl_permutation_free, vv);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,where2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v;
+  gsl_index *v1, *v2;
+  gsl_block_uchar *btmp = NULL;
+  VALUE vv1, vv2;
+  size_t i, j, k, n = 0;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+    btmp = gsl_block_uchar_alloc(v->size);
+    for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+      if (rb_yield(C_TO_VALUE(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)))) {
+	btmp->data[i] = 1;
+	n++;
+      } else {
+	btmp->data[i] = 0;
+      }
+    } /* for */
+  } else {  /* block is not given */
+    for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) { if (FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)) n++; }
+  }
+  /* true and false logic.  need to handle both */
+  if (n == 0) {
+    v2 = gsl_permutation_calloc(v->size);  /* calloc() initializes v2 */
+    vv1 = Qnil;
+    vv2 = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_index, 0, gsl_permutation_free, v2);
+  } else if (v->size-n == 0) { 
+    v1 = gsl_permutation_calloc(n);           /* calloc() initializes v1 */
+    vv1 = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_index, 0, gsl_permutation_free, v1);     
+    vv2 = Qnil;
+  } else { 
+    /* same case as 'where' */
+    v1 = gsl_permutation_alloc(n);
+    v2 = gsl_permutation_alloc(v->size-n);
+    for (i = 0, j = 0, k = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+      if ((!btmp && FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)) || (btmp && btmp->data[i])) v1->data[j++] = i;
+      else v2->data[k++] = i;
+    }
+    vv1 = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_index, 0, gsl_permutation_free, v1);
+    vv2 = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_index, 0, gsl_permutation_free, v2);
+  }
+  if (btmp) gsl_block_uchar_free(btmp);
+  return rb_ary_new3(2, vv1, vv2);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,op_inplace)(VALUE vv1, VALUE vv2, 
+						int (*f)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)*, const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)*))
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v1, *v2;
+  Data_Get_Struct(vv1, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v1);
+  Data_Get_Struct(vv2, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v2);
+  (*f)(v1, v2);
+  return vv1;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,add_inplace)(VALUE vv1, VALUE vv2)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v1;
+  double x;
+  if(VEC_P(vv2)) {
+    return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,op_inplace)(vv1, vv2, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,add));
+  } else {
+    x = NUM2DBL(vv2);
+    Data_Get_Struct(vv1, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v1);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,add_constant)(v1, x);
+    return vv1;
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,sub_inplace)(VALUE vv1, VALUE vv2)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v1;
+  double x;
+  if(VEC_P(vv2)) {
+    return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,op_inplace)(vv1, vv2, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,sub));
+  } else {
+    x = NUM2DBL(vv2);
+    Data_Get_Struct(vv1, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v1);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,add_constant)(v1, -x);
+    return vv1;
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,mul_inplace)(VALUE vv1, VALUE vv2)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v1;
+  double x;
+  if(VEC_P(vv2)) {
+    return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,op_inplace)(vv1, vv2, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,mul));
+  } else {
+    x = NUM2DBL(vv2);
+    Data_Get_Struct(vv1, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v1);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,scale)(v1, x);
+    return vv1;
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,div_inplace)(VALUE vv1, VALUE vv2)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v1;
+  double x;
+  if(VEC_P(vv2)) {
+    return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,op_inplace)(vv1, vv2, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,div));
+  } else {
+    x = NUM2DBL(vv2);
+    Data_Get_Struct(vv1, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v1);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,scale)(v1, 1.0/x);
+    return vv1;
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,zip)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v0, **vp, *vnew;
+  VALUE ary;
+  size_t i, j;
+  int argc2;
+  VALUE *argv2;
+  if (VEC_P(obj)) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v0);
+    argc2 = argc;
+    argv2 = argv;
+  } else {
+    if (argc < 1) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Too few arguments.");
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v0);    
+    argc2 = argc - 1;
+    argv2 = argv + 1;
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < argc2; i++) {
+    CHECK_VEC(argv2[i]);
+  }
+  vp = (GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)**) malloc(sizeof(GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)**));
+  for (i = 0; i < argc2; i++) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv2[i], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), vp[i]);
+  }
+  ary = rb_ary_new2(v0->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < v0->size; i++) {
+    vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(argc2 + 1);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v0, i));
+    for (j = 0; j < argc2; j++) {
+      if (i < vp[j]->size) {
+	FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, j+1, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(vp[j], i));
+      } else {
+	FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, j+1, 0.0);
+      }
+    }
+    rb_ary_store(ary, i, Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew));
+  }
+  
+  free((GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)**) vp);
+  return ary;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,join)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v;
+  VALUE str, sep;
+  char *p, buf[16];
+  size_t i;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 0:
+    sep = rb_str_new2(" ");
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    sep = argv[0];
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Wrong number of arguments (%d for 0 or 1)", argc);
+  }
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  //  p = (char *) malloc((10+RSTRING(sep))*v->size + 1);
+  p = (char *) malloc((10+RSTRING_LEN(sep))*v->size + 1);
+  str = rb_str_new2(p);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+    sprintf(buf, "%4.3e", FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i));
+#else
+    sprintf(buf, "%d", FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i));
+#endif
+    rb_str_concat(str, rb_str_new2(buf));
+    if (i != v->size-1) rb_str_concat(str, sep);
+  }
+  return str;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,cumsum)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v, *vnew;
+  BASE sum = 0;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+    sum += FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, i, sum);
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(VEC_ROW_COL(obj), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,cumprod)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v, *vnew;
+  BASE prod = 1;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+    prod *= FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, i, prod);
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(VEC_ROW_COL(obj), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+}
+
+#ifdef GSL_1_9_LATER
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,property)(VALUE obj,
+  int (*f)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *)) {
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  return INT2FIX((*f)(v));  
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,property2)(VALUE obj,
+  int (*f)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *)) {
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v;  
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  if ((*f)(v)) return Qtrue;
+  else return Qfalse;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,ispos)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,property)(obj, FUNCTION(gsl_vector, ispos));
+}
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,ispos2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,property2)(obj, FUNCTION(gsl_vector, ispos));  
+}
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,isneg)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,property)(obj, FUNCTION(gsl_vector, isneg));    
+}
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,isneg2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,property2)(obj, FUNCTION(gsl_vector, isneg));      
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GSL_1_10_LATER
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,isnonneg)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,property)(obj, FUNCTION(gsl_vector, isnonneg));
+}
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,isnonneg2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,property2)(obj, FUNCTION(gsl_vector, isnonneg));
+}  
+#endif
+
+void FUNCTION(Init_gsl_vector,init)(VALUE module)
+{
+  /*  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "new", 
+      FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,new), -1);*/
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "[]", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,new), -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "alloc", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,new), -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "calloc", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,calloc), 1);
+
+/*****/
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "get", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,get), -1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "[]", "get");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "size", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,size), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "len", "size");
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "length", "size");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "stride", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,stride), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "set_stride", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,set_stride), 1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "stride=", "set_stride");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "owner", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,owner), 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "set", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,set), -1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "[]=", "set");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "set_all", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,set_all), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "set_zero", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,set_zero), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "set_basis", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,set_basis), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "each", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,each), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "reverse_each", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,reverse_each), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "each_index", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,each_index), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "reverse_each_index", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,reverse_each_index), 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "to_a", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,to_a), 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "reverse", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,reverse), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "reverse!", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,reverse_bang), 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "max", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,max), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "min", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,min), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "minmax", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,minmax), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "maxmin", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,maxmin), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "max_index", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,max_index), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "min_index", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,min_index), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "minmax_index", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,minmax_index), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "maxmin_index", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,maxmin_index), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "isnull", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,isnull), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "isnull?", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,isnull2), 0);
+  /*  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "none?", "isnull?");*/
+  /* none? method is define below, which can have a block. */
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "trans", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,trans), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "transpose", "trans");
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "col", "trans");
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "trans!", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,trans_bang), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "transpose!", "trans!");
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "col!", "trans!");
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_vector_col, "row", "trans");
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_vector_col, "row!", "trans!");
+#elif defined(BASE_INT)
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_vector_int_col, "row", "trans");
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_vector_int_col, "row!", "trans!");
+#endif
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "-@", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,uminus), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "+@", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,uplus), 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "sum", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,sum), 0);
+#ifdef BASE_INT
+  /* Vector#sumsq is defined in blas1.c */
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "sumsq", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,sumsq), 0);
+#endif
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "prod", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,prod), 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "cumsum", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,cumsum), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "cumprod", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,cumprod), 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "connect", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,connect), -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "connect", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,connect), -1);
+
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "sgn", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,sgn), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "signum", "sgn");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "abs", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,abs), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "fabs", "abs");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "square", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,square), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "abs2", "square");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "sqrt", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,sqrt), 0);
+
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "memcpy", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,memcpy), 2);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "clone", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,clone), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "duplicate", "clone");
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "dup", "clone");
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "swap", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,swap), 2);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "swap_elements", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,swap_elements), 2);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "fwrite", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,fwrite), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "fread", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,fread), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "fprintf", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,fprintf), -1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "printf", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,printf), -1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "fscanf", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,fscanf), 1);
+
+  /* 2.Aug.2004 */
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "inner_product", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,inner_product), -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "dot", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,inner_product), -1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "inner_product",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,inner_product), -1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "dot", "inner_product");
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "equal?", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,equal), -1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "==", "equal?");
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "to_poly", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,to_poly), 0);
+
+/*****/
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "graph", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,graph), -1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "graph_step", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,graph_step), -1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "plot", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,plot), -1);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "print",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,print), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "inspect", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,inspect), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "to_s", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,to_s), 0);
+
+/*****/
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "subvector",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,subvector), -1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "view", "subvector");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "subvector_with_stride", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,subvector_with_stride), -1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "view_with_stride", "subvector_with_stride");
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "matrix_view", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,matrix_view), -1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "matrix_view_with_tda", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,matrix_view_with_tda), 3);
+
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+  rb_undef_method(cgsl_vector_view_ro, "set");
+  rb_undef_method(cgsl_vector_view_ro, "[]=");
+  rb_undef_method(cgsl_vector_col_view_ro, "set");
+  rb_undef_method(cgsl_vector_col_view_ro, "[]=");
+#elif defined(BASE_INT)
+  rb_undef_method(cgsl_vector_int_view_ro, "set");
+  rb_undef_method(cgsl_vector_int_view_ro, "[]=");
+  rb_undef_method(cgsl_vector_int_col_view_ro, "set");
+  rb_undef_method(cgsl_vector_int_col_view_ro, "[]=");
+#endif
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "scale", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,scale), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "scale!", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,scale_bang), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "add_constant", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,add_constant), 1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "add_const", "add_constant");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "add_constant!", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,add_constant_bang), 1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "add_const!", "add_constant!");
+
+#ifdef HAVE_TENSOR_TENSOR_H
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "to_tensor", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,to_tensor), -1);
+#endif
+
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "to_gplot", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,to_gplot), -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "to_gsplot", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,to_gplot), -1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "to_gplot", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,to_gplot), -1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "to_gsplot", "to_gplot");
+
+  /*****/
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "collect", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,collect), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "collect!", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,collect_bang), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "map", "collect");
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "map!", "collect!");
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "to_m", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,to_m), 2);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "to_matrix", "to_m");
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "reshape", "to_m");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "to_m_diagonal", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,to_m_diagonal), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "block", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,block), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "to_m_circulant", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,to_m_circulant), 0);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "indgen", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,indgen_singleton), -1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "indgen", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,indgen), -1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "indgen!", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,indgen_bang), -1);
+  /*****/
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "sort!", 
+		   GSL_TYPE(rb_gsl_sort_vector), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "sort", 
+		   GSL_TYPE(rb_gsl_sort_vector2), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "sort_index", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_sort_vector,index), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "sort_smallest",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_sort_vector,smallest), 1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "smallest", "sort_smallest");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "sort_largest",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_sort_vector,largest), 1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "largest", "sort_largest");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "sort_smallest_index", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_sort_vector,smallest_index), 1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "smallest_index", "sort_smallest_index");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "sort_largest_index", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_sort_vector,largest_index), 1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "largest_index", "sort_largest_index");
+
+  /*****/
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "histogram",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,histogram), -1);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "last", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,last), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "first", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,first), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "concat", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,concat), 1);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "diff", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,diff), -1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "isnan", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,isnan), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "isinf", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,isinf), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "finite", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,finite), 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "isnan?", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,isnan2), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "isinf?", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,isinf2), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "finite?", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,finite2), 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "delete_at", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,delete_at), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "delete_if", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,delete_if), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "delete", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,delete), 1);
+  /***/
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "filescan", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,filescan), 1);
+
+  /*****/
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "eq", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,eq), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "ne", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,ne), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "gt", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,gt), 1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), ">", "gt");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "ge", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,ge), 1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), ">=", "ge");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "lt", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,lt), 1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "<", "lt");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "le", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,le), 1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "<=", "le");
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "and", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,and), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "or", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,or), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "xor", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,xor), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "not", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,not), 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "all?", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,all), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "none?", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,none), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "any",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,any), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "any?",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,any2), 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "where", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,where), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "where2", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,where2), 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "add!", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,add_inplace), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "sub!", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,sub_inplace), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "mul!", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,mul_inplace), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "div!", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,div_inplace), 1);
+
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "zip", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,zip), -1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "zip", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,zip), -1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "join", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,join), -1);
+#ifdef GSL_1_9_LATER
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "ispos", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,ispos), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "ispos?", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,ispos2), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "isneg", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,isneg), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "isneg?", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,isneg2), 0);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GSL_1_10_LATER
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "isnonneg", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,isnonneg), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), "isnonneg?", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,isnonneg2), 0);
+#endif
+}
+
+#undef NUMCONV
+#undef NUMCONV2
+#undef PRINTF_FORMAT
+#undef VEC_ROW_COL
+#undef VEC_P
+#undef C_TO_VALUE
+#undef C_TO_VALUE2
+#undef VEC_COL_P
+#undef VEC_ROW_P
+#undef CHECK_VEC
+#undef VEC_VIEW_P