gsl 1.12.108

data/ext/poly.c

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+  poly.c
+  Ruby/GSL: Ruby extension library for GSL (GNU Scientific Library)
+    (C) Copyright 2001-2006 by Yoshiki Tsunesada
+
+  Ruby/GSL is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
+  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
+*/
+#include "rb_gsl_config.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_poly.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_array.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_common.h"
+#ifdef HAVE_NARARY_H
+#include "narray.h"
+#endif
+
+void Init_gsl_poly_init(VALUE module);
+void Init_gsl_poly_int_init(VALUE module);
+void Init_gsl_poly2(VALUE module);
+
+#define BASE_DOUBLE
+#include "templates_on.h"
+#include "poly_source.c"
+#include "templates_off.h"
+void Init_gsl_poly(VALUE module)
+{
+  Init_gsl_poly_init(module);
+}
+
+#undef  BASE_DOUBLE
+
+#define BASE_INT
+#include "templates_on.h"
+#include "poly_source.c"
+#include "templates_off.h"
+void Init_gsl_poly_int(VALUE module)
+{
+  Init_gsl_poly_int_init(module);
+}
+#undef  BASE_INT

data/ext/poly2.c

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+/*
+  poly2.c
+  Ruby/GSL: Ruby extension library for GSL (GNU Scientific Library)
+    (C) Copyright 2004 by Yoshiki Tsunesada
+
+  Ruby/GSL is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
+  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
+*/
+#include "rb_gsl_config.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_poly.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_math.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_array.h"
+#include <gsl/gsl_sf_gamma.h>
+
+static gsl_poly_int* mygsl_poly_hermite(int n1)
+{
+  size_t n;
+  gsl_vector_int *p1, *p2, *p0;
+  int coef1[2] = {0, 2};
+  int coef2[3] = {-2, 0, 4};
+  if (n1 < 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "order must be >= 0");
+  p0 = gsl_vector_int_calloc(n1 + 1);
+  switch (n1) {
+  case 0:
+    gsl_vector_int_set(p0, 0, 1);
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    memcpy(p0->data, coef1, 2*sizeof(int));
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    memcpy(p0->data, coef2, 3*sizeof(int));
+    break;
+  default:
+    p1 = gsl_vector_int_calloc(n1 + 1);
+    p2 = gsl_vector_int_calloc(n1 + 1);
+    memcpy(p1->data, coef2, 3*sizeof(int));
+    memcpy(p2->data, coef1, 2*sizeof(int));
+    for (n = 2; n < n1; n++) {
+      gsl_vector_int_memcpy(p0, p1);
+      mygsl_vector_int_shift_scale2(p0, n);
+      gsl_vector_int_scale(p2, 2*n);
+
+      gsl_vector_int_sub(p0, p2);
+      /* save for the next iteration */
+      gsl_vector_int_memcpy(p2, p1);
+      gsl_vector_int_memcpy(p1, p0);
+    }
+    gsl_vector_int_free(p2);
+    gsl_vector_int_free(p1);    
+    break;
+  }
+  return p0;
+}
+
+static gsl_poly_int* mygsl_poly_cheb(int n1)
+{
+  size_t n;
+  gsl_vector_int *p1, *p2, *p0;
+  int coef1[2] = {0, 1};
+  int coef2[3] = {-1, 0, 2};
+  if (n1 < 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "order must be >= 0");
+  p0 = gsl_vector_int_calloc(n1 + 1);
+  switch (n1) {
+  case 0:
+    gsl_vector_int_set(p0, 0, 1);
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    memcpy(p0->data, coef1, 2*sizeof(int));
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    memcpy(p0->data, coef2, 3*sizeof(int));
+    break;
+  default:
+    p1 = gsl_vector_int_calloc(n1 + 1);
+    p2 = gsl_vector_int_calloc(n1 + 1);
+    memcpy(p1->data, coef2, 3*sizeof(int));
+    memcpy(p2->data, coef1, 2*sizeof(int));
+    for (n = 2; n < n1; n++) {
+      gsl_vector_int_memcpy(p0, p1);
+      mygsl_vector_int_shift_scale2(p0, n);
+
+      gsl_vector_int_sub(p0, p2);
+      /* save for the next iteration */
+      gsl_vector_int_memcpy(p2, p1);
+      gsl_vector_int_memcpy(p1, p0);
+    }
+    gsl_vector_int_free(p2);
+    gsl_vector_int_free(p1);    
+    break;
+  }
+  return p0;
+}
+
+static gsl_poly_int* mygsl_poly_chebII(int n1)
+{
+  size_t n;
+  gsl_vector_int *p1, *p2, *p0;
+  int coef1[2] = {0, 2};
+  int coef2[3] = {-1, 0, 4};
+  if (n1 < 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "order must be >= 0");
+  p0 = gsl_vector_int_calloc(n1 + 1);
+  switch (n1) {
+  case 0:
+    gsl_vector_int_set(p0, 0, 1);
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    memcpy(p0->data, coef1, 2*sizeof(int));
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    memcpy(p0->data, coef2, 3*sizeof(int));
+    break;
+  default:
+    p1 = gsl_vector_int_calloc(n1 + 1);
+    p2 = gsl_vector_int_calloc(n1 + 1);
+    memcpy(p1->data, coef2, 3*sizeof(int));
+    memcpy(p2->data, coef1, 2*sizeof(int));
+    for (n = 2; n < n1; n++) {
+      gsl_vector_int_memcpy(p0, p1);
+      mygsl_vector_int_shift_scale2(p0, n);
+      gsl_vector_int_sub(p0, p2);
+      /* save for the next iteration */
+      gsl_vector_int_memcpy(p2, p1);
+      gsl_vector_int_memcpy(p1, p0);
+    }
+    gsl_vector_int_free(p2);
+    gsl_vector_int_free(p1);    
+    break;
+  }
+  return p0;
+}
+
+static gsl_poly_int* mygsl_poly_laguerre(int n)
+{
+  size_t m, k;
+  int val;
+  gsl_vector_int *p0;
+  if (n < 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "order must be >= 0");
+  p0 = gsl_vector_int_calloc(n + 1);
+  switch (n) {
+  case 0:
+    gsl_vector_int_set(p0, 0, 1);
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    gsl_vector_int_set(p0, 0, 1);
+    gsl_vector_int_set(p0, 1, -1);
+    break;
+  default:
+    k = gsl_sf_fact(n);
+    for (m = 0; m <= n; m++) {
+      val = k*k/gsl_sf_fact(n-m)/gsl_pow_2(gsl_sf_fact(m));
+      if (m%2 == 1) val *= -1;
+      gsl_vector_int_set(p0, m, val);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  return p0;
+}
+
+static gsl_poly_int* mygsl_poly_bessel(int n)
+{
+  size_t k;
+  gsl_vector_int *p0;
+  if (n < 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "order must be >= 0");
+  p0 = gsl_vector_int_calloc(n + 1);
+  for (k = 0; k <= n; k++) {
+    gsl_vector_int_set(p0, k, gsl_sf_fact(n+k)/gsl_sf_fact(n-k)/gsl_sf_fact(k)/((int) pow(2, k)));
+  }
+  return p0;
+}
+
+static gsl_poly_int* mygsl_poly_bell(int n1)
+{
+  size_t n, j;
+  gsl_vector_int *p1, *p0;
+  int coef1[2] = {0, 1};
+  int coef2[3] = {0, 1, 1};
+  if (n1 < 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "order must be >= 0");
+  p0 = gsl_vector_int_calloc(n1 + 1);
+  switch (n1) {
+  case 0:
+    gsl_vector_int_set(p0, 0, 1);
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    memcpy(p0->data, coef1, 2*sizeof(int));
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    memcpy(p0->data, coef2, 3*sizeof(int));
+    break;
+  default:
+    p1 = gsl_vector_int_calloc(n1 + 1);
+    memcpy(p1->data, coef2, 3*sizeof(int));
+    for (n = 2; n < n1; n++) {
+      gsl_vector_int_memcpy(p0, p1);
+      mygsl_vector_int_shift(p0, n);
+      for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+	gsl_vector_int_set(p1, j, gsl_vector_int_get(p1, j+1)*(j+1));
+      }
+      gsl_vector_int_set(p1, n, 0);
+      mygsl_vector_int_shift(p1, n);
+      gsl_vector_int_add(p0, p1);
+      /* save for the next iteration */
+      gsl_vector_int_memcpy(p1, p0);
+    }
+    gsl_vector_int_free(p1);    
+    break;
+  }
+  return p0;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_poly_define_poly(VALUE klass, VALUE order,
+				     gsl_poly_int* (*f)(int n1)) {
+  int n1;
+  gsl_poly_int *pnew = NULL;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(order);
+  n1 = FIX2INT(order);
+  if (n1 < 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "order must be >= 0");
+  pnew = (*f)(n1);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_poly_int, 0, gsl_vector_int_free, pnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_poly_hermite(VALUE klass, VALUE order)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_poly_define_poly(klass, order, mygsl_poly_hermite);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_poly_cheb(VALUE klass, VALUE order)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_poly_define_poly(klass, order, mygsl_poly_cheb);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_poly_chebII(VALUE klass, VALUE order)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_poly_define_poly(klass, order, mygsl_poly_chebII);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_poly_laguerre(VALUE klass, VALUE order)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_poly_define_poly(klass, order, mygsl_poly_laguerre);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_poly_bessel(VALUE klass, VALUE order)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_poly_define_poly(klass, order, mygsl_poly_bessel);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_poly_bell(VALUE klass, VALUE order)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_poly_define_poly(klass, order, mygsl_poly_bell);
+}
+
+void Init_gsl_poly2(VALUE module)
+{
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_poly, "hermite", rb_gsl_poly_hermite, 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_poly, "cheb", rb_gsl_poly_cheb, 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_poly, "chebyshev", rb_gsl_poly_cheb, 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_poly, "cheb_I", rb_gsl_poly_cheb, 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_poly, "chebyshev_I", rb_gsl_poly_cheb, 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_poly, "cheb_II", rb_gsl_poly_chebII, 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_poly, "chebyshev_II", rb_gsl_poly_chebII, 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_poly, "bessel", rb_gsl_poly_bessel, 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_poly, "bell", rb_gsl_poly_bell, 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_poly, "laguerre", rb_gsl_poly_laguerre, 1);
+}

data/ext/poly_source.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1885 @@
+/*
+  poly_source.c
+  Ruby/GSL: Ruby extension library for GSL (GNU Scientific Library)
+    (C) Copyright 2001-2006 by Yoshiki Tsunesada
+
+  Ruby/GSL is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
+  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
+*/
+
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+#define NUMCONV(x) NUM2DBL(x)
+#define NUMCONV2(x) NUM2DBL(x)
+#define MAT_ROW_COL MATRIX_ROW_COL
+#define MAT_P MATRIX_P
+#define MAT_ROW_P MATRIX_ROW_P
+#define MAT_COL_P MATRIX_COL_P
+#define C_TO_VALUE rb_float_new
+#define C_TO_VALUE2 rb_float_new
+#define CHECK_MAT CHECK_MATRIX
+#define MAT_VIEW_P MATRIX_VIEW_P
+#define PRINTF_FORMAT "%4.3e "
+#define VEC_ROW_COL VECTOR_ROW_COL
+#define VEC_P VECTOR_P
+#define VEC_ROW_P VECTOR_ROW_P
+#define VEC_COL_P VECTOR_COL_P
+#define CHECK_VEC CHECK_VECTOR
+#define VEC_VIEW_P VECTOR_VIEW_P
+#elif defined(BASE_INT)
+#define NUMCONV(x) NUM2DBL(x)
+#define NUMCONV2(x) NUM2INT(x)
+#define PRINTF_FORMAT "%d "
+#define MAT_ROW_COL MATRIX_INT_ROW_COL
+#define MAT_P MATRIX_INT_P
+#define C_TO_VALUE INT2FIX
+#define C_TO_VALUE2 INT2NUM
+#define MAT_ROW_P MATRIX_INT_ROW_P
+#define MAT_COL_P MATRIX_INT_COL_P
+#define CHECK_MAT CHECK_MATRIX_INT
+#define MAT_VIEW_P MATRIX_INT_VIEW_P
+#define VEC_ROW_COL VECTOR_INT_ROW_COL
+#define VEC_P VECTOR_INT_P
+#define VEC_ROW_P VECTOR_INT_ROW_P
+#define VEC_COL_P VECTOR_INT_COL_P
+#define CHECK_VEC CHECK_VECTOR_INT
+#define VEC_VIEW_P VECTOR_INT_VIEW_P
+#endif
+
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+VALUE cgsl_poly, cgsl_poly_int;
+VALUE cgsl_poly_workspace;
+VALUE cgsl_poly_complex_workspace;
+#ifdef GSL_1_1_LATER
+VALUE cgsl_poly_dd;
+VALUE cgsl_poly_taylor;
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef BASE_INT
+double gsl_poly_int_eval(const BASE c[], const int len, const double x)
+{
+  int i;
+  double ans = (double) c[len-1];
+  for(i=len-1; i>0; i--) ans = (double) c[i-1] + x * ans;
+  return ans;
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+#include "rb_gsl_with_narray.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef GSL_1_11_LATER
+static VALUE rb_gsl_complex_poly_complex_eval(VALUE a, VALUE b);
+#endif
+static VALUE rb_gsl_poly_eval_singleton(VALUE klass, VALUE a, VALUE x)
+{
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *vx, *vnew;
+  gsl_matrix *mx, *mnew;
+  double rslt;
+  int flag = 0;
+  size_t i, N, n;
+  VALUE val;
+  double *ptr0;
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;  
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  int shape[1];
+#endif  
+#ifdef GSL_1_11_LATER
+  gsl_complex *z, zz;
+  gsl_vector_complex *vz, *vznew;
+  if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(a, cgsl_vector_complex)) 
+    return rb_gsl_complex_poly_complex_eval(a, x);
+#endif
+  switch (TYPE(a)) {
+  case T_ARRAY:
+#ifdef GSL_1_11_LATER
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(rb_ary_entry(a, 0), cgsl_complex)) 
+      return rb_gsl_complex_poly_complex_eval(a, x);
+#endif
+    v = make_cvector_from_rarray(a);
+    N = v->size;
+    ptr0 = v->data;
+    flag = 1;
+    break;
+  default:
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(a, cgsl_vector)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(a, gsl_vector, v);
+      N = v->size;
+      ptr0 = v->data;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    } else if (NA_IsNArray(a)) {
+      N = NA_TOTAL(a);
+      ptr0 = NA_PTR_TYPE(a, double*);
+#endif
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Wrong argument type %s (Array, GSL::Vector or NArray expected)",
+        rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(a)));
+    }
+  }
+  switch (TYPE(x)) {
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+  case T_FLOAT:
+    val = rb_float_new(gsl_poly_eval(ptr0, N, NUM2DBL(x)));
+    break;    
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    n = RARRAY_LEN(x);
+    val = rb_ary_new2(n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      rslt = gsl_poly_eval(ptr0, N, NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(x, i)));
+      rb_ary_store(val, i, rb_float_new(rslt));
+    }
+    break;  
+  default:
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(x, cgsl_vector)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(x, gsl_vector, vx);
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(vx->size);
+      val = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+      n = vx->size;
+      ptr1 = vx->data;
+      ptr2 = vnew->data;
+    } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(x, cgsl_matrix)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(x, gsl_matrix, mx);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(mx->size1, mx->size2);
+      val = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);      
+      n = mx->size1*mx->size2;
+      ptr1 = mx->data;
+      ptr2 = mnew->data;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    } else if (NA_IsNArray(x)) {
+      shape[0] = NA_TOTAL(x);
+      n = shape[0];
+      val = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, 1, shape, CLASS_OF(x));
+      ptr1 = NA_PTR_TYPE(x, double*);
+      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(val, double*);      
+#endif
+#ifdef GSL_1_11_LATER
+    } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(x, cgsl_complex)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(x, gsl_complex, z);
+      zz = gsl_poly_complex_eval(ptr0, N, *z);
+      z = make_complex(GSL_REAL(zz), GSL_IMAG(zz));
+      if (flag == 1) gsl_vector_free(v);
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_complex, 0, free, z);
+    } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(x, cgsl_vector_complex)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(x, gsl_vector_complex, vz);
+      vznew = gsl_vector_complex_alloc(vz->size);
+      for (i = 0; i < vz->size; i++) {
+	zz = gsl_poly_complex_eval(ptr0, N, gsl_vector_complex_get(vz, i));
+	gsl_vector_complex_set(vznew, i, zz);
+      }
+      if (flag == 1) gsl_vector_free(v);
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, vznew);
+#endif
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Wrong argument type %s (A number, Array, GSL::Vector or NArray expected)",
+        rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(a)));      
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      ptr2[i] = gsl_poly_eval(ptr0, N, ptr1[i]);
+    }
+  }
+  if (flag == 1) gsl_vector_free(v);
+  return val;
+}
+#ifdef GSL_1_11_LATER
+static VALUE rb_gsl_complex_poly_complex_eval(VALUE a, VALUE b)
+{
+  gsl_vector_complex *coef, *zb, *vnew;
+  gsl_complex *zc;
+  gsl_complex z, *zx, *res;
+  VALUE ret;
+  size_t i, N;
+  int flag = 0;
+  if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(a, cgsl_vector_complex)) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(a, gsl_vector_complex, coef);
+    N = coef->size;
+    zc = (gsl_complex*) coef->data;
+  } else if (TYPE(a) == T_ARRAY) {
+    N = RARRAY_LEN(a);
+    zc = (gsl_complex*) malloc(sizeof(gsl_complex));
+    flag = 1;
+    for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(rb_ary_entry(a, i), gsl_complex, zx);
+      zc[i] = *zx;
+    }
+  } else {
+    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "rb_gsl_complex_poly_complex_solve: wrong argument type %s (GSL::Vector::Complex or Array expected)\n", rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(a)));
+  }
+
+  switch (TYPE(b)) {
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+  case T_FLOAT:
+    res = (gsl_complex*) malloc(sizeof(gsl_complex));
+    ret = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_complex, 0, free, res);
+    GSL_SET_REAL(&z, NUM2DBL(b));
+    GSL_SET_IMAG(&z, 0.0);
+    *res = gsl_complex_poly_complex_eval(zc, coef->size, z);
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    ret = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY_LEN(b));
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(b); i++) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(rb_ary_entry(b, i), gsl_complex, zx);
+      res = (gsl_complex*) malloc(sizeof(gsl_complex));
+      *res = gsl_complex_poly_complex_eval(zc, N, *zx);
+      rb_ary_store(ret, i, Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_complex, 0, free, res));
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(b, cgsl_complex)) {
+      res = (gsl_complex*) malloc(sizeof(gsl_complex));
+      ret = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_complex, 0, free, res);
+      Data_Get_Struct(b, gsl_complex, zx);
+      *res = gsl_complex_poly_complex_eval(zc, N, *zx);
+    } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(b, cgsl_vector_complex)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(b, gsl_vector_complex, zb);
+      vnew = gsl_vector_complex_alloc(zb->size);
+      ret = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, vnew);
+      for (i = 0; i < zb->size; i++) {
+	z = gsl_vector_complex_get(zb, i);
+	gsl_vector_complex_set(vnew, i, gsl_complex_poly_complex_eval(zc, N, z));
+      }
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Wrong argument type %s.\n", rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(b)));
+    }
+  }
+  if (flag == 1) free(zc);
+  return ret;
+}
+#endif
+#endif
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,eval)(VALUE obj, VALUE xx)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly) *p = NULL;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *mnew = NULL;
+  VALUE x, ary;
+  size_t i, j;
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
+  size_t n;
+#endif
+#ifdef GSL_1_11_LATER
+  gsl_complex *z, zz;
+  gsl_vector_complex *vz, *vznew;
+#endif
+#endif
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly), p);
+  if (CLASS_OF(xx) == rb_cRange) xx = rb_gsl_range2ary(xx);
+  switch (TYPE(xx)) {
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+  case T_FLOAT:
+    return rb_float_new(FUNCTION(gsl_poly,eval)(p->data, p->size, NUM2DBL(xx)));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY_LEN(xx));
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(xx); i++) {
+      x = rb_ary_entry(xx, i);
+      Need_Float(x);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new(FUNCTION(gsl_poly,eval)(p->data, p->size, NUM2DBL(x))));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(xx)) {
+      GetNArray(xx, na);
+      ptr1 = (double*) na->ptr;
+      n = na->total;
+      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(xx));
+      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary,double*);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) ptr2[i] = FUNCTION(gsl_poly,eval)(p->data,p->size,ptr1[i]);
+      return ary;
+    }
+#endif
+#endif
+    if (VEC_P(xx)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(xx, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(v->size);
+      for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, FUNCTION(gsl_poly,eval)(p->data, p->size, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)));
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    } else if (MAT_P(xx)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(xx, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+	for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, j, 
+			 FUNCTION(gsl_poly,eval)(p->data, p->size, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m, i, j)));
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+#ifdef GSL_1_11_LATER
+    } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(xx, cgsl_complex)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(xx, gsl_complex, z);
+      zz = gsl_poly_complex_eval(p->data, p->size, *z);
+      z = make_complex(GSL_REAL(zz), GSL_IMAG(zz));
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_complex, 0, free, z);
+    } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(xx, cgsl_vector_complex)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(xx, gsl_vector_complex, vz);
+      vznew = gsl_vector_complex_alloc(vz->size);
+      for (i = 0; i < vz->size; i++) {
+	zz = gsl_poly_complex_eval(p->data, p->size, gsl_vector_complex_get(vz, i));
+	gsl_vector_complex_set(vznew, i, zz);
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, vznew);
+#endif
+#endif
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type");
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  return Qnil; /* never reach here */
+}
+
+/* singleton method */
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,eval2)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly) *p = NULL;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  gsl_vector  *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix  *mnew = NULL;
+  VALUE xx, x, ary;
+  size_t i, j, size;
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
+#endif
+#endif
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 2:
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly), p);
+    size = p->size;
+    xx = argv[1];
+    break;
+  case 3:
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly), p);
+    size = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+    xx = argv[2];
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2 or 3)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  if (CLASS_OF(xx) == rb_cRange) xx = rb_gsl_range2ary(xx);
+  switch (TYPE(xx)) {
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+  case T_FLOAT:
+    return rb_float_new(FUNCTION(gsl_poly,eval)(p->data, size, NUM2DBL(xx)));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY_LEN(xx));
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(xx); i++) {
+      x = rb_ary_entry(xx, i);
+      Need_Float(x);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new(FUNCTION(gsl_poly,eval)(p->data, size, NUM2DBL(x))));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+    if (NA_IsNArray(xx)) {
+      GetNArray(xx, na);
+      ptr1 = (double*) na->ptr;
+      size = na->total;
+      ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, na->shape, CLASS_OF(xx));
+      ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary,double*);
+      for (i = 0; i < size; i++) ptr2[i] = FUNCTION(gsl_poly,eval)(p->data,p->size,ptr1[i]);
+      return ary;
+    }
+#endif
+#endif
+    if (VEC_P(xx)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(xx, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(v->size);
+      for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, FUNCTION(gsl_poly,eval)(p->data, size, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)));
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    } else if (MAT_P(xx)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(xx, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+	for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, j, 
+			 FUNCTION(gsl_poly,eval)(p->data, size, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m, i, j)));
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type");
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  return Qnil; /* never reach here */
+}
+
+/* ax*x + bx + c = 0 */
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,solve_quadratic)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  double x0, x1;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly) *v = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *r;
+  int n;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 3:
+    n = gsl_poly_solve_quadratic(NUMCONV2(argv[0]), NUMCONV2(argv[1]), NUMCONV2(argv[2]),
+				 &x0, &x1);
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    switch (TYPE(argv[0])) {
+    case T_ARRAY:
+      n = gsl_poly_solve_quadratic(NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 0)), 
+				   NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 1)),
+				   NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 2)),
+				   &x0, &x1);
+      break;
+    default:
+      CHECK_VEC(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly), v);
+      n = gsl_poly_solve_quadratic(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 0),
+				   FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 1),
+				   FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 2),
+				   &x0, &x1);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, 
+	     "wrong number of arguments (3 numbers or 1 array or 1 vector)");
+    break;
+  }
+  r = gsl_vector_alloc(2);
+  gsl_vector_set(r, 0, x0);
+  gsl_vector_set(r, 1, x1);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, r);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve_quadratic)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_complex z0, z1;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  gsl_vector_complex *r = NULL;
+  int n;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 3:
+    n = gsl_poly_complex_solve_quadratic(NUMCONV2(argv[0]), 
+					 NUMCONV2(argv[1]), NUMCONV2(argv[2]),
+					 &z0, &z1);
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    switch (TYPE(argv[0])) {
+    case T_ARRAY:
+      n = gsl_poly_complex_solve_quadratic(NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 0)), 
+					   NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 1)),
+					   NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 2)),
+					   &z0, &z1);
+      break;
+    default:
+      CHECK_VEC(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+      n = gsl_poly_complex_solve_quadratic(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 0),
+					   FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 1),
+					   FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 2),
+					   &z0, &z1);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, 
+	     "wrong number of arguments (3 numbers or 1 array or 1 vector)");
+    break;
+  }
+  r = gsl_vector_complex_alloc(2);
+  gsl_vector_complex_set(r, 0, z0);
+  gsl_vector_complex_set(r, 1, z1);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, r);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,solve_cubic)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  double x0, x1, x2;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *r = NULL;
+  int n;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 3:
+    n = gsl_poly_solve_cubic(NUMCONV2(argv[0]), NUMCONV2(argv[1]), NUMCONV2(argv[2]),
+			     &x0, &x1, &x2);
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    switch (TYPE(argv[0])) {
+    case T_ARRAY:
+      n = gsl_poly_solve_cubic(NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 0)), 
+				   NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 1)),
+				   NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 2)),
+				   &x0, &x1, &x2);
+      break;
+    default:
+      CHECK_VEC(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+      n = gsl_poly_solve_cubic(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 0),
+				   FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 1),
+				   FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 2),
+				   &x0, &x1, &x2);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, 
+	     "wrong number of arguments (3 numbers or 1 array or 1 vector)");
+    break;
+  }
+  r = gsl_vector_alloc(3);
+  gsl_vector_set(r, 0, x0);
+  gsl_vector_set(r, 1, x1);
+  gsl_vector_set(r, 2, x2);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, r);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve_cubic)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_complex z0, z1, z2;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  gsl_vector_complex *r = NULL;
+  int n;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 3:
+    n = gsl_poly_complex_solve_cubic(NUMCONV2(argv[0]), NUMCONV2(argv[1]), NUMCONV2(argv[2]),
+				     &z0, &z1, &z2);
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    switch (TYPE(argv[0])) {
+    case T_ARRAY:
+      n = gsl_poly_complex_solve_cubic(NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 0)), 
+				   NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 1)),
+				   NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 2)),
+				   &z0, &z1, &z2);
+      break;
+    default:
+      CHECK_VEC(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+      n = gsl_poly_complex_solve_cubic(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 0),
+				   FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 1),
+				   FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 2),
+				   &z0, &z1, &z2);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, 
+	     "wrong number of arguments (3 numbers or 1 array or 1 vector)");
+    break;
+  }
+  r = gsl_vector_complex_alloc(3);
+  gsl_vector_complex_set(r, 0, z0);
+  gsl_vector_complex_set(r, 1, z1);
+  gsl_vector_complex_set(r, 2, z2);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, r);
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_POLY_SOLVE_QUARTIC
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,solve_quartic)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  double x0, x1, x2, x3;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *r = NULL;
+  int n;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 4:
+    n = gsl_poly_solve_quartic(NUMCONV2(argv[0]), NUMCONV2(argv[1]), NUMCONV2(argv[2]),
+			       NUMCONV2(argv[3]),
+			       &x0, &x1, &x2, &x3);
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    switch (TYPE(argv[0])) {
+    case T_ARRAY:
+      n = gsl_poly_solve_quartic(NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 0)), 
+			       NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 1)),
+			       NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 2)),
+			       NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 3)),
+			       &x0, &x1, &x2, &x3);
+      break;
+    default:
+      CHECK_VEC(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+      n = gsl_poly_solve_quartic(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 0),
+			       FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 1),
+			       FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 2),
+			       FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 3),
+			       &x0, &x1, &x2, &x3);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, 
+	     "wrong number of arguments (3 numbers or 1 array or 1 vector)");
+    break;
+  }
+  r = gsl_vector_alloc(4);
+  gsl_vector_set(r, 0, x0);
+  gsl_vector_set(r, 1, x1);
+  gsl_vector_set(r, 2, x2);
+  gsl_vector_set(r, 3, x3);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, r);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve_quartic)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_complex z0, z1, z2, z3;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  gsl_vector_complex *r = NULL;
+  int n;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 4:
+    n = gsl_poly_complex_solve_quartic(NUMCONV2(argv[0]), NUMCONV2(argv[1]), 
+				       NUMCONV2(argv[2]), NUMCONV2(argv[3]),
+				       &z0, &z1, &z2, &z3);
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    switch (TYPE(argv[0])) {
+    case T_ARRAY:
+      n = gsl_poly_complex_solve_quartic(NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 0)), 
+					 NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 1)),
+					 NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 2)),
+					 NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 3)),
+					 &z0, &z1, &z2, &z3);
+      break;
+    default:
+      CHECK_VEC(argv[0]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+      n = gsl_poly_complex_solve_quartic(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 0),
+					 FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 1),
+					 FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 2),
+					 FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 3),
+					 &z0, &z1, &z2, &z3);
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, 
+	     "wrong number of arguments (3 numbers or 1 array or 1 vector)");
+    break;
+  }
+  r = gsl_vector_complex_alloc(4);
+  gsl_vector_complex_set(r, 0, z0);
+  gsl_vector_complex_set(r, 1, z1);
+  gsl_vector_complex_set(r, 2, z2);
+  gsl_vector_complex_set(r, 3, z3);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, r);
+}
+
+#endif
+/* singleton method */
+VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  int size = -1, size2;
+  gsl_poly_complex_workspace *w = NULL;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *a = NULL, *z = NULL;
+  gsl_complex c;
+  gsl_vector_complex *r = NULL;
+  int status, i, flag = 0;
+
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 1:
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    if (TYPE(argv[1]) == T_FIXNUM) size = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+    break;
+  case 3:
+    if (TYPE(argv[1]) == T_FIXNUM) size = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1-3)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+
+  switch (TYPE(argv[0])) {
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    if (size < 0) size = RARRAY_LEN(argv[0]);
+    a = gsl_vector_alloc(size);
+    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) gsl_vector_set(a, i, NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], i)));
+    break;
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+  case T_FLOAT:
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[argc-1], cgsl_poly_workspace)) size = argc - 1;
+    else size = argc;
+    a = gsl_vector_alloc(size);
+    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) gsl_vector_set(a, i, NUMCONV2(argv[i]));
+    break;
+  default:
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector))) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+      if (size < 0) size = v->size;
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type (Array, Vector, or Numeric expected");
+    }
+    a = gsl_vector_alloc(v->size);
+    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) gsl_vector_set(a, i, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i));
+    break;
+  }
+  size2 = 2*(size - 1);
+  z = gsl_vector_alloc(size2);
+  if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[argc-1], cgsl_poly_workspace)
+      || rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[argc-1], cgsl_poly_complex_workspace)) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[argc-1], gsl_poly_complex_workspace, w);
+    flag = 0;
+  } else {
+    w = gsl_poly_complex_workspace_alloc(size);
+    flag = 1;
+  }
+  status = gsl_poly_complex_solve(a->data, size, w, z->data);
+
+  if (flag == 1) gsl_poly_complex_workspace_free(w);
+  gsl_vector_free(a);
+  r = gsl_vector_complex_alloc(size - 1);
+  for (i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {
+    c.dat[0] = gsl_vector_get(z, i*2);
+    c.dat[1] = gsl_vector_get(z, i*2+1);
+    gsl_vector_complex_set(r, i, c);
+  }
+  gsl_vector_free(z);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, r);
+}
+
+
+/* a2 x*x + a1 x + a0 = 0 */
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,solve_quadratic2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *r = NULL;
+  gsl_vector_complex *r2 = NULL;
+  double a2, a1, a0;
+  double d;                /* determinant */
+  double x0, x1;
+  int n;
+  gsl_complex z0, z1;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  if (v->size < 3) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "the order of the object is less than 3.");
+  }
+  a2 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 2);   /* coefficients */
+  a1 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 1);
+  a0 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 0);
+  d = a1*a1 - 4.0*a2*a0;    /* determinant */
+  if (d >= 0.0) {
+    n = gsl_poly_solve_quadratic(a2, a1, a0, &x0, &x1);
+    r = gsl_vector_alloc(2);
+    gsl_vector_set(r, 0, x0);
+    gsl_vector_set(r, 1, x1);
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, r);
+  } else {
+    n = gsl_poly_complex_solve_quadratic(a2, a1, a0, &z0, &z1);
+    r2 = gsl_vector_complex_alloc(2);
+    gsl_vector_complex_set(r2, 0, z0);
+    gsl_vector_complex_set(r2, 1, z1);
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, r2);
+  }
+
+}
+
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve_quadratic2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  gsl_vector_complex *r = NULL;
+  double a2, a1, a0;
+  double d;                /* determinant */
+  int n;
+  gsl_complex z0, z1;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  if (v->size < 3) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "the order of the object is less than 3.");
+  }
+  a2 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 2);   /* coefficients */
+  a1 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 1);
+  a0 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 0);
+  d = a1*a1 - 4.0*a2*a0;    /* determinant */
+  n = gsl_poly_complex_solve_quadratic(a2, a1, a0, &z0, &z1);
+  r = gsl_vector_complex_alloc(2);
+  gsl_vector_complex_set(r, 0, z0);
+  gsl_vector_complex_set(r, 1, z1);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, r);
+}
+
+/* x**3 + a2 x**2 + a1 x + a0 = 0 */
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,solve_cubic2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *r = NULL;
+  double a3, a2, a1, a0;
+  double x0, x1, x2;
+  int n;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  if (v->size < 4) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "the order of the object is less than 4.");
+  }
+  a3 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 3);   
+  a2 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 2)/a3;   /* coefficients */
+  a1 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 1)/a3;
+  a0 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 0)/a3;
+  n = gsl_poly_solve_cubic(a2, a1, a0, &x0, &x1, &x2);
+  r = gsl_vector_alloc(3);
+  gsl_vector_set(r, 0, x0);
+  gsl_vector_set(r, 1, x1);
+  gsl_vector_set(r, 2, x2);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, r);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve_cubic2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  gsl_vector_complex *r = NULL;
+  double a3, a2, a1, a0;
+  int n;
+  gsl_complex z0, z1, z2;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  if (v->size < 4) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "the order of the object is less than 4.");
+  }
+  a3 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 3);   
+  a2 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 2)/a3;   /* coefficients */
+  a1 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 1)/a3;
+  a0 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 0)/a3;
+  n = gsl_poly_complex_solve_cubic(a2, a1, a0, &z0, &z1, &z2);
+  r = gsl_vector_complex_alloc(3);
+  gsl_vector_complex_set(r, 0, z0);
+  gsl_vector_complex_set(r, 1, z1);
+  gsl_vector_complex_set(r, 2, z2);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, r);
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_POLY_SOLVE_QUARTIC
+/* a4 x**4 + a3 x**3 + a2 x**2 + a1 x + a0 = 0 */
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,solve_quartic2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *r = NULL;
+  double a4, a3, a2, a1, a0;
+  double x0, x1, x2, x3;
+  int n;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  if (v->size < 5) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "the order of the object is less than 4.");
+  }
+  a4 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 4);   
+  a3 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 3)/a4;   
+  a2 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 2)/a4;   /* coefficients */
+  a1 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 1)/a4;
+  a0 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 0)/a4;
+  n = gsl_poly_solve_quartic(a3, a2, a1, a0, &x0, &x1, &x2, &x3);
+  r = gsl_vector_alloc(3);
+  r = gsl_vector_alloc(4);
+  gsl_vector_set(r, 0, x0);
+  gsl_vector_set(r, 1, x1);
+  gsl_vector_set(r, 2, x2);
+  gsl_vector_set(r, 3, x3);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, r);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve_quartic2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  gsl_vector_complex *r = NULL;
+  double a4, a3, a2, a1, a0;
+  int n;
+  gsl_complex z0, z1, z2, z3;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  if (v->size < 5) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "the order of the object is less than 4.");
+  }
+  a4 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 4);   
+  a3 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 3)/a4;   
+  a2 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 2)/a4;   /* coefficients */
+  a1 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 1)/a4;
+  a0 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 0)/a4;
+  n = gsl_poly_complex_solve_quartic(a3, a2, a1, a0, &z0, &z1, &z2, &z3);
+  r = gsl_vector_complex_alloc(4);
+  gsl_vector_complex_set(r, 0, z0);
+  gsl_vector_complex_set(r, 1, z1);
+  gsl_vector_complex_set(r, 2, z2);
+  gsl_vector_complex_set(r, 3, z3);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, r);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/* method */
+VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve2)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *a = NULL, *z = NULL;
+  size_t size, size2, i;
+  gsl_poly_complex_workspace *w = NULL;
+  gsl_complex c;
+  gsl_vector_complex *r = NULL;
+  int n, flag = 0;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  size = v->size;
+  size2 = 2*(size - 1);
+  z = gsl_vector_alloc(size2);
+  a = gsl_vector_alloc(v->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+    gsl_vector_set(a, i, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i));
+  }
+
+  if (argc == 1 && rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[0], cgsl_poly_workspace)) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_poly_complex_workspace, w);
+    flag = 0;
+  } else {
+    w = gsl_poly_complex_workspace_alloc(size);
+    flag = 1;
+  }
+  
+  n = gsl_poly_complex_solve(a->data, size, w, z->data);
+
+  r = gsl_vector_complex_alloc(size - 1);
+  for (i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {
+    c.dat[0] = gsl_vector_get(z, i*2);
+    c.dat[1] = gsl_vector_get(z, i*2+1);
+    gsl_vector_complex_set(r, i, c);
+  }
+  gsl_vector_free(a);
+  gsl_vector_free(z);
+  if (flag == 1) gsl_poly_complex_workspace_free(w);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_complex, 0, gsl_vector_complex_free, r);
+}
+
+#ifdef BASE_INT
+static VALUE rb_gsl_poly_int_to_f(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_vector *v;
+  gsl_vector_int *vi;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector_int, vi);
+  v = gsl_vector_alloc(vi->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) 
+    gsl_vector_set(v, i, (double) gsl_vector_int_get(vi, i));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_poly, 0, gsl_vector_free, v);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+static VALUE rb_gsl_poly_to_i(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_vector *v;
+  gsl_vector_int *vi;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector, v);
+  vi = gsl_vector_int_alloc(v->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) 
+    gsl_vector_int_set(vi, i, (int) gsl_vector_get(v, i));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_poly_int, 0, gsl_vector_int_free, vi);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,workspace_new)(VALUE klass, VALUE n)
+{
+  gsl_poly_complex_workspace *w = NULL;
+  w = gsl_poly_complex_workspace_alloc(FIX2INT(n));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, gsl_poly_complex_workspace_free, w);
+}
+
+#ifdef GSL_1_1_LATER
+
+/* singleton method of the class Poly */
+static VALUE rb_gsl_poly_dd_init(VALUE obj, VALUE vxa, VALUE vya)
+{
+  gsl_vector *xa = NULL, *ya = NULL;
+  gsl_poly *dd = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(vxa, gsl_vector, xa);
+  Data_Get_Struct(vya, gsl_vector, ya);
+  dd = gsl_vector_alloc(xa->size);
+  gsl_poly_dd_init(dd->data, xa->data, ya->data, xa->size);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_poly_dd, 0, gsl_vector_free, dd);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_poly_dd_eval(VALUE obj, VALUE xxa, VALUE xx)
+{
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *m = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *dd = NULL, *xa, *vnew = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *mnew = NULL;
+  VALUE x, ary;
+  size_t size, i, j;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector, dd);
+  CHECK_VECTOR(xxa);
+  Data_Get_Struct(xxa, gsl_vector, xa);
+  switch (TYPE(xx)) {
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_BIGNUM:
+  case T_FLOAT:
+    return rb_float_new(gsl_poly_dd_eval(dd->data, xa->data, dd->size,
+					 NUM2DBL(xx)));
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    size = RARRAY_LEN(xx);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(size);
+    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      x = rb_ary_entry(xx, i);
+      Need_Float(x);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, 
+		   rb_float_new(gsl_poly_dd_eval(dd->data, xa->data, 
+						 dd->size, NUM2DBL(x))));
+    }
+    return ary;
+    break;
+  default:
+    if (VEC_P(xx)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(xx, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+      size = v->size;
+      vnew = gsl_vector_alloc(v->size);
+      for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+	gsl_vector_set(vnew, i, 
+		       gsl_poly_dd_eval(dd->data, xa->data, 
+					dd->size, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i)));
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, vnew);
+    } else if (MAT_P(xx)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(xx, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+      size = m->size1;
+      mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
+      for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+	for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+	  gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, j, 
+			 gsl_poly_dd_eval(dd->data, xa->data, 
+					  dd->size, gsl_matrix_get(m, i, j)));
+	}
+      }
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type");
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  return Qnil; /* never reach here */
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_poly_dd_taylor(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_vector *dd = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *xa, *c = NULL, *w = NULL;
+  double xp;
+  size_t size;
+  int flag = 0;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector, dd);
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 2:
+    size = dd->size;
+    xp = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
+    CHECK_VECTOR(argv[1]);
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[1], gsl_vector, xa);
+    w = gsl_vector_alloc(size);
+    flag = 1;
+    break;
+  case 3:
+    xp = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
+    CHECK_VECTOR(argv[1]);
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[1], gsl_vector, xa);
+    if (TYPE(argv[2]) == T_FIXNUM) {
+      size = FIX2INT(argv[2]);
+      w = gsl_vector_alloc(size);
+      flag = 1;
+    } else {
+      CHECK_VEC(argv[2]);
+      Data_Get_Struct(argv[2], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), w);
+      size = dd->size;
+    }
+    break;
+  case 4:
+    Need_Float(argv[0]);
+    CHECK_VECTOR(argv[1]);
+    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[2]);
+    CHECK_VECTOR(argv[3]);
+    xp = NUM2DBL(argv[0]);
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[1], gsl_vector, xa);
+    size = FIX2INT(argv[2]);
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[3], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), w);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments");
+  }
+  c = gsl_vector_alloc(size);
+  gsl_poly_dd_taylor(c->data, xp, dd->data, xa->data, size, w->data);
+  if (flag == 1) gsl_vector_free(w);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_poly_taylor, 0, gsl_vector_free, c);
+}
+
+#endif
+#endif
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,order)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  return INT2FIX(v->size - 1);
+}
+
+int FUNCTION(gsl_poly,conv)(const BASE *a, size_t na, const BASE *b, size_t nb,
+		  BASE *c, size_t *nc)
+{
+  BASE x;
+  size_t i, j;
+  *nc = na + nb - 1;
+  for (i = 0; i < *nc; i++) c[i] = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < *nc; i++) {
+    if (i >= na) break;
+    x = a[i];
+    for (j = 0; j < *nc; j++) {
+      if (j >= nb) break;
+      else c[i+j] += x*b[j];
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)* FUNCTION(gsl_poly,conv_vector)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v1, const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v2)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *vnew = NULL;
+  size_t n, tmp;
+  if (v1->size == 1) { 
+    vnew = FUNCTION(make_vector,clone)(v2);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,scale)(vnew, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v1, 0));
+    return vnew;
+  } else if (v2->size == 1) {
+    vnew = FUNCTION(make_vector,clone)(v1);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,scale)(vnew, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v2, 0));
+    return vnew;
+  } else {
+    n = v1->size + v2->size - 1;
+    vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,calloc)(n);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_poly,conv)(v1->data, v1->size, v2->data, v2->size, vnew->data, &tmp);
+    return vnew;
+  }
+}
+
+GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)* FUNCTION(gsl_poly,reduce)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v)
+{
+  size_t i, nn = v->size;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *vnew = NULL;
+  for (i = v->size-1; 0 <= (int) i; i--) {
+    if (!gsl_fcmp(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i), 0.0, 1e-10)) {
+      nn = i;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (nn == 0) nn = v->size;
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(nn);
+  for (i = 0; i < nn; i++) {
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, i, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i));
+  }
+  return vnew;
+}
+
+GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)* FUNCTION(gsl_poly,deriv)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *vnew = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size - 1);
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size - 1; i++) {
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, i, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i+1)*(i+1));
+  }
+  return vnew;
+}
+
+GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)* FUNCTION(gsl_poly,integ)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *vnew = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size + 1);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, 0, 0.0);
+  for (i = 1; i < v->size + 1; i++) {
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, i, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i-1)/i);
+  }
+  return vnew;
+}
+
+GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector)* FUNCTION(gsl_poly,deconv_vector)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *c, const GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *a, 
+				   GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) **r)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *vnew = NULL, *a2 = NULL, *c2 = NULL, *vtmp = NULL;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *rtmp = NULL;
+  BASE x, y, z, aa;
+  size_t n, i, j, k, jj;
+  c2 = FUNCTION(gsl_poly,reduce)(c);
+  a2 = FUNCTION(gsl_poly,reduce)(a);
+  n = c2->size - a2->size + 1;
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,calloc)(n);
+  rtmp = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(c2->size - 1);
+  aa = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(a2, a2->size - 1);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, n-1, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(c2, c2->size-1)/aa);
+  for (i = n - 2, k = 1; k < n; i--, k++) {
+    x = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(c2, c2->size-1-k);
+    for (j = n-1; j >= 0; j--) {
+      z = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(vnew, j);
+      jj = c2->size-1-k-j;
+      if (jj > k || jj < 0) continue;
+      y = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(a2, jj);
+      x -= y*z;
+    }
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, i, x/aa);
+  }
+  vtmp = FUNCTION(gsl_poly,conv_vector)(vnew, a2);
+  for (i = 0; i < rtmp->size; i++) {
+    x = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(c2, i);
+    y = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(vtmp, i);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(rtmp, i, x - y);
+  }
+  *r = FUNCTION(gsl_poly,reduce)(rtmp);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free)(rtmp);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free)(vtmp);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free)(c2);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free)(a2);
+  return vnew;
+}
+
+GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly)* FUNCTION(get_poly,get)(VALUE obj, int *flag)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly) *p = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    p = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(RARRAY_LEN(obj));
+    for (i = 0; i < p->size; i++) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(p, i, (BASE) NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(obj, i)));
+    *flag = 1;
+    break;
+  case T_FLOAT:
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+    p = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(1);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(p, 0, (BASE) NUM2DBL(obj));
+    *flag = 1;
+    break;
+  default:
+    CHECK_VEC(obj);
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), p);
+    *flag = 0;
+    break;
+  }
+  return p;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,conv)(VALUE obj, VALUE bb)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *v2 = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  switch (TYPE(bb)) {
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_FLOAT:
+    vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,memcpy)(vnew, v);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,scale)(vnew, (BASE) NUM2DBL(bb));
+    break;
+  default:
+    CHECK_VEC(bb);
+    Data_Get_Struct(bb, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v2);
+    vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_poly,conv_vector)(v, v2);
+    break;
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+}
+
+VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,deconv)(VALUE obj, VALUE bb)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly) *v = NULL, *v2 = NULL, *vnew = NULL, *r = NULL;
+  int flag = 0;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  switch (TYPE(bb)) {
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    v2 = FUNCTION(get_poly,get)(bb, &flag);
+    break;
+  case T_FLOAT:
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+    v2 = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(1);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(v2, 0, (BASE) NUM2DBL(bb));
+    break;
+  default:
+    CHECK_VEC(bb);
+    Data_Get_Struct(bb, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v2);
+    break;
+  }
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_poly,deconv_vector)(v, v2, &r);
+  if (flag == 1) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free)(v2);
+  if (FUNCTION(gsl_vector,isnull)(r)) 
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+  else
+    return rb_ary_new3(2, Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew),
+		       Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), r));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,reduce)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_poly,reduce)(v);
+  if (vnew == NULL) {
+    return Qnil;
+  } else if (vnew->size == 0) {
+    return Qnil;
+  } else if (FUNCTION(gsl_vector,isnull)(vnew)) {
+    return INT2FIX(0);
+  } else if (vnew->size == 1) {
+    return rb_float_new(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(vnew, 0));
+  } else {
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+  }
+  return Qnil; /* never reach here */
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,deriv)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_poly,deriv)(v);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,integ)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_poly,integ)(v);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,conv2)(VALUE klass, VALUE v1, VALUE v2)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly) *p1 = NULL, *p2 = NULL, *p3 = NULL;
+  int flag1 = 0, flag2 = 0;
+  size_t i;
+  VALUE ary;
+  p1 = FUNCTION(get_poly,get)(v1, &flag1);
+  p2 = FUNCTION(get_poly,get)(v2, &flag2);
+  p3 = FUNCTION(gsl_poly,conv_vector)(p1, p2);
+  if (flag1 == 1) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free)(p1);
+  if (flag2 == 1) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free)(p2);
+  if (flag1 == 1 && flag2 == 1) {	
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(p3->size);
+    for (i = 0; i < p3->size; i++)
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, C_TO_VALUE2(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(p3, i)));
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free)(p3);
+    return ary;
+  } else {
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), p3);
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,deconv2)(VALUE klass, VALUE v1, VALUE v2)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly) *p1 = NULL, *p2 = NULL;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly) *r = NULL, *vnew = NULL;
+  int flag1 = 0, flag2 = 0;
+  p1 = FUNCTION(get_poly,get)(v1, &flag1);
+  p2 = FUNCTION(get_poly,get)(v2, &flag2);
+  vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_poly,deconv_vector)(p1, p2, &r);
+  if (flag1 == 1) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free)(p1);
+  if (flag2 == 1) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free)(p2);
+  if (FUNCTION(gsl_vector,isnull)(r)) 
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+  else
+    return rb_ary_new3(2, Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew),
+		       Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), r));
+}
+
+GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly)* FUNCTION(gsl_poly,add)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly) *a, 
+	const GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly) *b)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly) *c = NULL;
+  const GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly) *longer;
+  size_t i, n;
+  if (a->size > b->size) {
+    c = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(a->size);
+    longer = a;
+  } else {
+    c = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(b->size);
+      longer = b;
+  }
+  n = GSL_MIN(a->size, b->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(c, i, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(a, i) + FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(b, i));
+  }
+  for (i = n; i < c->size; i++)
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(c, i, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(longer, i));
+  return c;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,add)(VALUE obj, VALUE bb)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL, *vnew = NULL, *vb = NULL;
+  BASE b;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  switch (TYPE(bb)) {
+  case T_FLOAT:
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+    b = (BASE) NUM2DBL(bb);
+    vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(v->size);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,memcpy)(vnew, v);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vnew, 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, 0) + b);
+    break;
+  default:
+    CHECK_VEC(bb);
+    Data_Get_Struct(bb, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), vb);
+    vnew = FUNCTION(gsl_poly,add)(v, vb);
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(CLASS_OF(obj), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_poly_uminus(VALUE obj);
+static VALUE rb_gsl_poly_int_uminus(VALUE obj);
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,sub)(VALUE obj, VALUE bb)
+{
+  switch (TYPE(bb)) {
+  case T_FLOAT:
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+    return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,add)(obj, C_TO_VALUE2(-(BASE)NUM2DBL(bb)));
+    break;
+  default:
+    CHECK_VEC(bb);
+    return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,add)(obj, FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,uminus)(bb));
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,uminus)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly) *p = NULL, *pnew = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), p);
+  pnew = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(p->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < pnew->size; i++) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(pnew, i, -FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(p, i));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), pnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,uplus)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,coerce)(VALUE obj, VALUE other)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *vb;
+  switch (TYPE(other)) {
+  case T_FLOAT:
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+    vb = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,calloc)(1);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(vb, 0, (BASE) NUM2DBL(other));
+    return rb_ary_new3(2, Data_Wrap_Struct(CLASS_OF(obj), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vb),
+		       obj);
+    break;
+  default:
+    CHECK_VEC(other);
+    return rb_ary_new3(3, other, obj);
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,to_gv)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v, *vnew = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  vnew = FUNCTION(make_vector,clone)(v);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), vnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,companion_matrix)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly) *p = NULL;
+  BASE z;
+  gsl_matrix *m;
+  size_t i, j, size;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly), p);
+  size = p->size - 1;
+  m = gsl_matrix_calloc(size, size);
+  z = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(p, size);
+  for (j = 0; j < size; j++) 
+    gsl_matrix_set(m, 0, size-j-1, -FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(p, j)/z);
+  for (i = 1; i < size; i++) {
+   gsl_matrix_set(m, i, i-1, 1.0);
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, m);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,info)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly) *v;
+  char buf[256];
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_poly), v);
+  sprintf(buf, "Class:      %s\n", rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(obj)));
+#ifdef RUBY_1_9_LATER
+  sprintf(buf, "%sSuperClass: %s\n", buf, rb_class2name(RCLASS_SUPER(CLASS_OF(obj))));
+#else
+  sprintf(buf, "%sSuperClass: %s\n", buf, rb_class2name(RCLASS(CLASS_OF(obj))->super));
+#endif
+  sprintf(buf, "%sOrder:      %d\n", buf, (int) v->size-1);
+  return rb_str_new2(buf);
+}
+
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+#include "rb_gsl_fit.h"
+/* singleton */
+static VALUE rb_gsl_poly_fit(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multifit_linear_workspace *space = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *X = NULL, *cov = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *x, *y = NULL, *c = NULL;
+  gsl_vector_view xx, yy;
+  size_t order, i, j;
+  double chisq, val;
+  int status, flag = 0;
+  VALUE vc, vcov;
+  if (argc != 3 && argc != 4) 
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 3 or 4)", argc);
+  x = &xx.vector;
+  y = &yy.vector;
+  Data_Get_Vector(argv[0], x);
+  Data_Get_Vector(argv[1], y);
+  order = NUM2INT(argv[2]);
+  if (argc == 4) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[3], gsl_multifit_linear_workspace, space);
+  } else {
+    space = gsl_multifit_linear_alloc(x->size, order + 1);
+    flag = 1;
+  }
+  cov = gsl_matrix_alloc(order + 1, order + 1);
+  c = gsl_vector_alloc(order + 1);
+  X = gsl_matrix_alloc(x->size, order + 1);
+  for (i = 0; i < x->size; i++) {
+    val = 1.0;
+    gsl_matrix_set(X, i, 0, val);
+    for (j = 1; j <= order; j++) {
+      val *= gsl_vector_get(x, i);
+      gsl_matrix_set(X, i, j, val);
+    }
+  }
+  status = gsl_multifit_linear(X, y, c, cov, &chisq, space);
+  if (flag == 1) gsl_multifit_linear_free(space);
+  vc = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_poly, 0, gsl_vector_free, c);
+  vcov = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, cov);
+  gsl_matrix_free(X);
+  return rb_ary_new3(4, vc, vcov, rb_float_new(chisq), INT2FIX(status));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_poly_wfit(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multifit_linear_workspace *space = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *X = NULL, *cov = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *x, *y = NULL, *w, *c = NULL;
+  gsl_vector_view xx, yy, ww;
+  size_t order, i, j;
+  double chisq, val;
+  int status, flag = 0;
+  VALUE vc, vcov;
+  if (argc != 4 && argc != 5) 
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 4 or 5)", argc);
+  x = &xx.vector;
+  w = &ww.vector;
+  y = &yy.vector;
+  Data_Get_Vector(argv[0], x);
+  Data_Get_Vector(argv[1], w);
+  Data_Get_Vector(argv[2], y);
+  order = NUM2INT(argv[3]);
+  if (argc == 5) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[4], gsl_multifit_linear_workspace, space);
+  } else {
+    space = gsl_multifit_linear_alloc(x->size, order + 1);
+    flag = 1;
+  }
+  cov = gsl_matrix_alloc(order + 1, order + 1);
+  c = gsl_vector_alloc(order + 1);
+  X = gsl_matrix_alloc(x->size, order + 1);
+  for (i = 0; i < x->size; i++) {
+    val = 1.0;
+    gsl_matrix_set(X, i, 0, val);
+    for (j = 1; j <= order; j++) {
+      val *= gsl_vector_get(x, i);
+      gsl_matrix_set(X, i, j, val);
+    }
+  }
+  status = gsl_multifit_linear(X, y, c, cov, &chisq, space);
+  if (flag == 1) gsl_multifit_linear_free(space);
+  vc = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_poly, 0, gsl_vector_free, c);
+  vcov = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, cov);
+  gsl_matrix_free(X);
+  return rb_ary_new3(4, vc, vcov, rb_float_new(chisq), INT2FIX(status));
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+#ifdef GSL_1_13_LATER
+static VALUE rb_gsl_poly_eval_derivs_singleton(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
+{
+  VALUE ary;
+  gsl_vector *v = NULL, *v2 = NULL;
+  size_t i, lenc, lenres;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+  double *ptr1, *ptr2;
+  int shape[1];
+#endif
+
+  if (argc < 2) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Wrong number of arguments (%d for >= 2)", argc);
+  if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[0], rb_cArray)) {
+    v = gsl_vector_alloc(RARRAY_LEN(argv[0]));
+    lenc = v->size;
+    for (i = 0; i < lenc; i++) {
+      gsl_vector_set(v, i, NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], i)));
+    }
+    if (argc == 2) lenres = lenc + 1;
+    else lenres = FIX2INT(argv[2]);
+    v2 = gsl_vector_alloc(lenres);
+    gsl_poly_eval_derivs(v->data, lenc, NUM2DBL(argv[1]), v2->data, lenres);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(lenres);
+    for (i = 0; i < lenres; i++) {
+      rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_float_new(gsl_vector_get(v2, i)));
+    }
+    gsl_vector_free(v2);
+    gsl_vector_free(v);
+    return ary;
+  }
+  if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[0], cgsl_vector)) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_vector, v);
+    lenc = v->size;
+    if (argc == 2) lenres = lenc + 1;
+    else lenres = FIX2INT(argv[2]);
+    v2 = gsl_vector_alloc(lenres);
+    gsl_poly_eval_derivs(v->data, lenc, NUM2DBL(argv[1]), v2->data, lenres);
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_poly, 0, gsl_vector_free, v2);
+  }
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  if (NA_IsNArray(argv[0])) {
+    GetNArray(argv[0], na);
+    ptr1 = (double*) na->ptr;
+    lenc = na->total;
+    if (argc == 2) lenres = lenc + 1;
+    else lenres = FIX2INT(argv[2]);
+    shape[0] = lenres;
+    ary = na_make_object(NA_DFLOAT, na->rank, shape, CLASS_OF(argv[0]));
+    ptr2 = NA_PTR_TYPE(ary,double*);
+    gsl_poly_eval_derivs(ptr1, lenc, NUM2DBL(argv[1]), ptr2, lenres);
+    return ary;
+  }
+#endif
+  return Qnil;  // Never comes here
+}
+static VALUE rb_gsl_poly_eval_derivs(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_vector *v, *v2;
+  size_t lenc, lenres;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_vector, v);
+  lenc = v->size;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 1:
+    lenres = lenc + 1;
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    lenres = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Wrong number of arguments (%d for > 1)", argc);
+  }
+  v2 = gsl_vector_alloc(lenres);
+  gsl_poly_eval_derivs(v->data, lenc, NUM2DBL(argv[0]), v2->data, lenres);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_poly, 0, gsl_vector_free, v2);
+}
+#endif
+#endif
+
+void FUNCTION(Init_gsl_poly,init)(VALUE module)
+{
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+  VALUE mgsl_poly_complex;
+  cgsl_poly = rb_define_class_under(module, "Poly", cgsl_vector);
+  cgsl_poly_int = rb_define_class_under(cgsl_poly, "Int", cgsl_vector_int);
+
+  cgsl_poly_workspace = rb_define_class_under(cgsl_poly, "Workspace", cGSL_Object);
+  mgsl_poly_complex = rb_define_module_under(cgsl_poly, "Complex");
+  cgsl_poly_complex_workspace = rb_define_class_under(mgsl_poly_complex, 
+						      "Workspace", cGSL_Object);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_poly_workspace, "alloc", 
+			     rb_gsl_poly_workspace_new, 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_poly_complex_workspace, "alloc",
+			     rb_gsl_poly_workspace_new, 1);
+
+  rb_define_singleton_method(mgsl_poly_complex, "solve_quadratic", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve_quadratic), -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(mgsl_poly_complex, "solve_cubic",
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve_cubic), -1);
+#ifdef HAVE_POLY_SOLVE_QUARTIC
+  rb_define_singleton_method(mgsl_poly_complex, "solve_quartic",
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve_quartic), -1);
+#endif
+
+  rb_define_singleton_method(mgsl_poly_complex, "solve",
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve), -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(mgsl_poly_complex, "roots", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve), -1);
+#endif
+
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "solve_quadratic", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,solve_quadratic), -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "solve_cubic", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,solve_cubic), -1);
+
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "complex_solve_quadratic", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve_quadratic), -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "complex_solve_cubic", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve_cubic), -1);
+#ifdef HAVE_POLY_SOLVE_QUARTIC
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "solve_quartic",
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,solve_quartic), -1);
+
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "complex_solve_quartic",
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve_quartic), -1);
+#endif
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "complex_solve",
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve), -1);
+
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "solve",
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve), -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "roots", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve), -1);
+
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "eval", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,eval2), -1);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "eval",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,eval), 1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "at", "eval");
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "solve_quadratic", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,solve_quadratic2), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "complex_solve_quadratic", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve_quadratic2), 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "solve_cubic", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,solve_cubic2), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "complex_solve_cubic", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve_cubic2), 0);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_POLY_SOLVE_QUARTIC
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "solve_quartic", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,solve_quartic2), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "complex_solve_quartic", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve_quartic2), 0);
+#endif
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "complex_solve", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,complex_solve2), -1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "solve", "complex_solve");
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "roots", "complex_solve");
+
+#ifdef BASE_INT
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_poly_int, "to_f", rb_gsl_poly_int_to_f, 0);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+  //  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_poly, "eval", rb_gsl_poly_eval_singleton, 2);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_poly, "to_i", rb_gsl_poly_to_i, 0);
+#ifdef GSL_1_11_LATER
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_poly, "complex_eval", rb_gsl_poly_eval_singleton, 2);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector_complex, "eval", rb_gsl_complex_poly_complex_eval, 1);
+#endif
+#ifdef GSL_1_1_LATER
+  cgsl_poly_dd = rb_define_class_under(cgsl_poly, "DividedDifference", cgsl_poly);
+  cgsl_poly_taylor = rb_define_class_under(cgsl_poly, "Taylor", cgsl_poly);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_poly, "dd_init", rb_gsl_poly_dd_init, 2);
+
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_poly_dd, "eval",rb_gsl_poly_dd_eval, 2);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_poly_dd, "taylor", rb_gsl_poly_dd_taylor, -1);
+#endif
+#endif
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "order", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,order), 0);
+
+/*****/
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "conv", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,conv), 1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "*", "conv");
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "conv",
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,conv2), 2);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "deconv",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,deconv), 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "deconv",
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,deconv2), 2);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "reduce", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,reduce), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "deriv", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,deriv), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "integ", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,integ), 1);
+
+/*****/
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "add", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,add), 1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "+", "add");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "sub", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,sub), 1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "-", "sub");
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "-@", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,uminus), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "+@", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,uplus), 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "coerce", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,coerce), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "to_gv", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,to_gv), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "to_v", "to_gv");
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "companion_matrix", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,companion_matrix), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "compan", "companion_matrix");
+
+  /*****/
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "info", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,info), 0);
+
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "fit", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,fit), -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_poly), "wfit", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_poly,wfit), -1);
+
+#ifdef GSL_1_13_LATER
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_poly, "eval_derivs", rb_gsl_poly_eval_derivs_singleton, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_vector, "eval_derivs", rb_gsl_poly_eval_derivs, -1);
+#endif
+
+#endif
+}
+
+#undef NUMCONV
+#undef NUMCONV2
+#undef PRINTF_FORMAT
+#undef VEC_ROW_COL
+#undef VEC_P
+#undef C_TO_VALUE
+#undef C_TO_VALUE2
+#undef VEC_COL_P
+#undef VEC_ROW_P
+#undef CHECK_VEC
+#undef VEC_VIEW_P
+
+#undef MAT_ROW_COL
+#undef MAT_P
+#undef C_TO_VALUE
+#undef MAT_COL_P
+#undef MAT_ROW_P
+#undef CHECK_MAT
+#undef MAT_VIEW_P