gsl 1.12.108

data/ext/matrix_int.c

@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+/*
+  matrix_int.c
+  Ruby/GSL: Ruby extension library for GSL (GNU Scientific Library)
+    (C) Copyright 2001-2006 by Yoshiki Tsunesada
+  
+  Ruby/GSL is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
+  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
+*/
+#include "rb_gsl_config.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_array.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_complex.h"
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+#include "rb_gsl_with_narray.h"
+#endif
+
+int gsl_linalg_matmult_int(const gsl_matrix_int *A, 
+			   const gsl_matrix_int *B, gsl_matrix_int *C);
+
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_matrix_to_i(VALUE obj);
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_matrix_int_to_i(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return obj;
+}
+
+VALUE rb_gsl_matrix_int_to_f(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_matrix_int *m;
+  gsl_matrix *mnew;
+  size_t i, j;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_matrix_int, m);
+  mnew = gsl_matrix_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
+  for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+      gsl_matrix_set(mnew, i, j, (double) gsl_matrix_int_get(m, i, j));
+    }
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_matrix_int_to_complex(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_matrix_int *m;
+  gsl_matrix_complex *mnew;
+  gsl_complex z;
+  size_t i, j;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_matrix_int, m);
+  mnew = gsl_matrix_complex_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
+  for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+      GSL_SET_REAL(&z, (double) gsl_matrix_int_get(m, i, j));
+      GSL_SET_IMAG(&z, 0.0);
+      gsl_matrix_complex_set(mnew, i, j, z);
+    }
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix_complex, 0, gsl_matrix_complex_free, mnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_matrix_int_coerce(VALUE obj, VALUE other)
+{
+  return rb_ary_new3(2, other, rb_gsl_matrix_int_to_f(obj));
+}
+
+enum {
+  GSL_MATRIX_INT_ADD,
+  GSL_MATRIX_INT_SUB,
+  GSL_MATRIX_INT_MUL,
+  GSL_MATRIX_INT_DIV,
+};
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_matrix_int_operation1(VALUE obj, VALUE other, int flag);
+static VALUE rb_gsl_matrix_int_operation1(VALUE obj, VALUE other, int flag)
+{
+  gsl_matrix_int *a, *anew, *b;
+  gsl_vector_int *vi, *vinew;
+  double bval;
+  int result;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_matrix_int, a);
+  switch (TYPE(other)) {
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+  case T_FLOAT:
+    bval = NUM2INT(other);
+    anew = make_matrix_int_clone(a);
+    switch (flag) {
+    case GSL_MATRIX_INT_ADD: 
+      result = gsl_matrix_int_add_constant(anew, bval);
+      break;
+    case GSL_MATRIX_INT_SUB: 
+      result = gsl_matrix_int_add_constant(anew, -bval);
+      break;
+    case GSL_MATRIX_INT_MUL: 
+      result = gsl_matrix_int_scale(anew, bval);
+      break;
+    case GSL_MATRIX_INT_DIV: 
+      result = gsl_matrix_int_scale(anew, 1.0/bval);
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    if (MATRIX_P(other)) other = rb_gsl_matrix_to_i(other);
+    if (VECTOR_P(other)) other = rb_gsl_vector_to_i(other);
+    if (MATRIX_INT_P(other)) {
+      anew = make_matrix_int_clone(a);
+      Data_Get_Struct(other, gsl_matrix_int, b);
+      switch (flag) {
+      case GSL_MATRIX_INT_ADD:
+	result = gsl_matrix_int_add(anew, b);
+	break;
+      case GSL_MATRIX_INT_SUB:
+	result = gsl_matrix_int_sub(anew, b);
+	break;
+      case GSL_MATRIX_INT_MUL:
+	result = gsl_matrix_int_mul_elements(anew, b);
+	break;
+      case GSL_MATRIX_INT_DIV:
+	result = gsl_matrix_int_div_elements(anew, b);
+	break;
+      default:
+	break;
+      }
+    } else if (VECTOR_INT_COL_P(other)) {
+      switch (flag) {
+      case GSL_MATRIX_INT_MUL:
+	Data_Get_Struct(other, gsl_vector_int, vi);
+	vinew = gsl_vector_int_alloc(vi->size);
+	gsl_matrix_int_mul_vector(vinew, a, vi);
+	return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_int_col, 0, gsl_vector_int_free, vinew);
+	break;
+      default:
+	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Operation not defined");
+      }
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Operation not defined with %s",
+	       rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(other)));
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix_int, 0, gsl_matrix_int_free, anew);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_matrix_int_add(VALUE obj, VALUE other)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_matrix_int_operation1(obj, other, GSL_MATRIX_INT_ADD);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_matrix_int_sub(VALUE obj, VALUE other)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_matrix_int_operation1(obj, other, GSL_MATRIX_INT_SUB);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_matrix_int_mul(VALUE obj, VALUE other)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_matrix_int_operation1(obj, other, GSL_MATRIX_INT_MUL);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_matrix_int_div(VALUE obj, VALUE other)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_matrix_int_operation1(obj, other, GSL_MATRIX_INT_DIV);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_matrix_int_matrix_mul(VALUE obj, VALUE bb)
+{
+  gsl_matrix_int *m = NULL, *b = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  gsl_vector_int *vi, *vinew;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_matrix_int, m);
+  if (MATRIX_INT_P(bb)) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(bb, gsl_matrix_int, b);
+    mnew = gsl_matrix_int_alloc(m->size1, b->size2);
+    gsl_linalg_matmult_int(m, b, mnew);
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix_int, 0, gsl_matrix_int_free, mnew);
+  } else {
+    if (VECTOR_INT_COL_P(bb)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(bb, gsl_vector_int, vi);
+      vinew = gsl_vector_int_alloc(vi->size);
+      gsl_matrix_int_mul_vector(vinew, m, vi);
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_int_col, 0, gsl_vector_int_free, vinew);
+    }
+    switch (TYPE(bb)) {
+    case T_FIXNUM:
+      return rb_gsl_matrix_int_mul(obj, bb);
+	/*      return rb_gsl_matrix_int_power(obj, bb);*/
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (Matrix::Int, Vector::Int::Col or Fixnum expected)",
+	       rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(bb)));
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+int gsl_linalg_matmult_int(const gsl_matrix_int *A, 
+			   const gsl_matrix_int *B, gsl_matrix_int *C)
+{
+  if (A->size2 != B->size1 || A->size1 != C->size1 || B->size2 != C->size2)
+    {
+      GSL_ERROR ("matrix sizes are not conformant", GSL_EBADLEN);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      int a, b;
+      int temp;
+      size_t i, j, k;
+      
+      for (i = 0; i < C->size1; i++)
+        {
+          for (j = 0; j < C->size2; j++)
+            {
+              a = gsl_matrix_int_get(A, i, 0);
+              b = gsl_matrix_int_get(B, 0, j);
+              temp = a * b;
+              for (k = 1; k < A->size2; k++)
+                {
+                  a = gsl_matrix_int_get(A, i, k);
+                  b = gsl_matrix_int_get(B, k, j);
+                  temp += a * b;
+                }
+              gsl_matrix_int_set(C, i, j, temp);
+            }
+        }
+
+      return GSL_SUCCESS;
+    }
+}
+
+void Init_gsl_matrix_int_init(VALUE module);
+void Init_gsl_matrix_int(VALUE module)
+{
+  Init_gsl_matrix_int_init(module);
+  /*****/
+
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_matrix_int, "to_f", rb_gsl_matrix_int_to_f, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_matrix_int, "to_i", rb_gsl_matrix_int_to_i, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_matrix_int, "to_complex", rb_gsl_matrix_int_to_complex, 0);
+
+  /*****/
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_matrix_int, "coerce", rb_gsl_matrix_int_coerce, 1);
+  /*****/
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_matrix_int, "add", rb_gsl_matrix_int_add, 1);
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_matrix_int, "+", "add");
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_matrix_int, "sub", rb_gsl_matrix_int_sub, 1);
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_matrix_int, "-", "sub");
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_matrix_int, "mul", rb_gsl_matrix_int_mul, 1);
+  /*  rb_define_alias(cgsl_matrix_int, "*", "mul");*/
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_matrix_int, "div", rb_gsl_matrix_int_div, 1);
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_matrix_int, "/", "div");
+
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_matrix_int, "matrix_mul", rb_gsl_matrix_int_matrix_mul, 1);
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_matrix_int, "*", "matrix_mul");
+  /*****/
+
+}

data/ext/matrix_source.c

@@ -0,0 +1,2733 @@
+/*
+  matrix_source.c
+  Ruby/GSL: Ruby extension library for GSL (GNU Scientific Library)
+    (C) Copyright 2001-2006 by Yoshiki Tsunesada
+
+  Ruby/GSL is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
+  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
+*/
+
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+#define NUMCONV(x) NUM2DBL(x)
+#define NUMCONV2(x) NUM2DBL(x)
+#define PRINTF_FORMAT "%4.3e "
+#define MAT_ROW_COL MATRIX_ROW_COL
+#define MAT_P MATRIX_P
+#define MAT_ROW_P MATRIX_ROW_P
+#define MAT_COL_P MATRIX_COL_P
+#define C_TO_VALUE rb_float_new
+#define C_TO_VALUE2 rb_float_new
+#define CHECK_MAT CHECK_MATRIX
+#define MAT_VIEW_P MATRIX_VIEW_P
+#define VEC_ROW_COL VECTOR_ROW_COL
+#define VEC_P VECTOR_P
+#define VEC_ROW_P VECTOR_ROW_P
+#define VEC_COL_P VECTOR_COL_P
+#define CHECK_VEC CHECK_VECTOR
+#define VEC_VIEW_P VECTOR_VIEW_P
+#elif defined(BASE_INT)
+#define NUMCONV(x) FIX2INT(x)
+#define NUMCONV2(x) NUM2INT(x)
+#define PRINTF_FORMAT "%d "
+#define MAT_ROW_COL MATRIX_INT_ROW_COL
+#define MAT_P MATRIX_INT_P
+#define C_TO_VALUE INT2FIX
+#define C_TO_VALUE2 INT2NUM
+#define MAT_ROW_P MATRIX_INT_ROW_P
+#define MAT_COL_P MATRIX_INT_COL_P
+#define CHECK_MAT CHECK_MATRIX_INT
+#define MAT_VIEW_P MATRIX_INT_VIEW_P
+#define VEC_ROW_COL VECTOR_INT_ROW_COL
+#define VEC_P VECTOR_INT_P
+#define VEC_ROW_P VECTOR_INT_ROW_P
+#define VEC_COL_P VECTOR_INT_COL_P
+#define CHECK_VEC CHECK_VECTOR_INT
+#define VEC_VIEW_P VECTOR_INT_VIEW_P
+#endif
+
+// From ext/vector_source.c
+void FUNCTION(get_range,beg_en_n)(VALUE range, BASE *beg, BASE *en, size_t *n, int *step);
+
+// From ext/vector_source.c
+void get_range_beg_en_n_for_size(VALUE range,
+    int *beg, int *en, size_t *n, int *step, size_t size);
+
+void parse_submatrix_args(int argc, VALUE *argv, size_t size1, size_t size2,
+    size_t *i, size_t *j, size_t *n1, size_t *n2);
+
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+void parse_submatrix_args(int argc, VALUE *argv, size_t size1, size_t size2,
+    size_t *i, size_t *j, size_t *n1, size_t *n2)
+{
+  int ii, ij, in1, in2, end, step;
+
+  switch (argc) {
+  // no args -> same as submatrix(0, 0, size1, size2)
+  case 0:
+    *i = 0; *j = 0;
+    *n1 = size1; *n2 = size2;
+    break;
+
+  // Fixnum -> Same as submatrix(i/size2, i%size2, 1, 1)
+  case 1:
+    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[0]);
+    ii = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+    *n1 = size1 * size2;
+    if(ii < 0) ii += *n1;
+    // TODO Bounds check?
+    *i = ii / size2; *j = ii % size2;
+    *n1 = 1; *n2 = 1;
+    break;
+
+
+  // nil, nil -> all rows, all cols (Matrix::View)
+  // nil, Range -> all rows, Range cols (Matrix::View)
+  // nil, Fixnum -> all rows, single col (Vector::Col::View)
+  // Range, nil -> Range rows, all cols (Matrix::View)
+  // Range, Range -> Range rows, Range cols (Matrix::View)
+  // Range, Fixnum -> Range rows, single col (Vector::Col::View)
+  // Fixnum, nil -> single row, all cols (Vector::View)
+  // Fixnum, Range -> single row, Range cols (Vector::View)
+  // Fixnum, Fixnum -> single row, single col (Matrix::View)
+  case 2: 
+    // nil, ...
+    if(NIL_P(argv[0])) {
+      // Parse second arg
+      if(NIL_P(argv[1])) {
+        // nil, nil -> all rows, all cols (Matrix::View)
+        *i = 0; *j = 0;
+        *n1 = size1; *n2 = size2;
+      } else if(rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[1], rb_cRange)) {
+        // nil, Range -> all rows, Range cols (Matrix::View)
+        *i = 0; *n1 = size1;
+        get_range_beg_en_n_for_size(argv[1], &ij, &end, n2, &step, size2);
+        if(step < 0 || *n2 <=0) {
+          rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "begin > end");
+        }
+        *j = (size_t)ij;
+      } else {
+        // nil, Fixnum -> all rows, single col (Vector::Col::View)
+        ij = NUM2INT(argv[1]);
+        if(ij < 0) ij += size2;
+        *i = 0; *j = (size_t)ij;
+        *n1 = size1; *n2 = 0; // *n2 == 0 tells #submatrix to return Vector::Col::View
+      }
+    // Range, ...
+    } else if(rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[0], rb_cRange)) {
+      get_range_beg_en_n_for_size(argv[0], &ii, &end, n1, &step, size1);
+      if(step < 0 || *n1 <= 0) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "arg0: begin > end");
+      }
+      *i = (size_t)ii;
+      // Parse second arg
+      if(NIL_P(argv[1])) {
+        // Range, nil -> Range rows, all cols (Matrix::View)
+        *j = 0; *n2 = size2;
+      } else if(rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[1], rb_cRange)) {
+        // Range, Range -> Range rows, Range cols (Matrix::View)
+        get_range_beg_en_n_for_size(argv[1], &ij, &end, n2, &step, size2);
+        if(step < 0 || *n2 <= 0) {
+          rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "arg1: begin > end");
+        }
+        *j = (size_t)ij;
+      } else {
+        // Range, Fixnum -> Range rows, single col (Vector::Col::View)
+        ij = NUM2INT(argv[1]);
+        if(ij < 0) ij += size2;
+        *j = (size_t) ij;
+        *n2 = 0; // *n2 == 0 tells #submatrix to return Vector::Col::View
+      }
+    // Fixnum, ...
+    } else {
+      ii = NUM2INT(argv[0]);
+      if(ii < 0) ii += size1;
+      if(NIL_P(argv[1])) {
+        // Fixnum, nil -> single row, all cols (Vector::View)
+        *i = (size_t)ii; *j = 0;
+        *n1 = 0; *n2 = size2; // *n1 == 0 tells #submatrix to return Vector::View
+      } else if(rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[1], rb_cRange)) {
+        // Fixnum, Range -> single row, Range cols (Vector::View)
+        get_range_beg_en_n_for_size(argv[1], &ij, &end, n2, &step, size2);
+        if(step < 0 || *n2 <= 0) {
+          rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "arg1: begin > end");
+        }
+        *i = (size_t)ii;
+        *j = (size_t)ij;
+        *n1 = 0; // *n1 == 0 tells #submatrix to return Vector::View
+      } else {
+        // Fixnum, Fixnum -> single row, single col (Matrix::View)
+        ij = NUM2INT(argv[1]);
+        if(ij < 0) ij += size2;
+        *i = (size_t)ii; *j = (size_t)ij;
+        *n1 = 1; *n2 = 1;
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  // nil, Fixnum, Fixnum -> All rows, some cols
+  // Range, Fixnum, Fixnum -> Range rows, some cols
+  // Fixnum, Fixnum, nil -> Some rows, all cols
+  // Fixnum, Fixnum, Range -> Some rows, Range cols
+  case 3:
+    // nil, Fixnum, Fixnum
+    if(NIL_P(argv[0])) {
+      // nil, Fixnum, Fixnum -> All rows, some cols
+      CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[1]); CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[2]);
+      *i = 0;
+      ij = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+      *n1 = size1;
+      in2 = FIX2INT(argv[2]);
+      if(ij < 0) ij += size2;
+      *j = (size_t) ij;
+      *n2 = (size_t) in2;
+    // Range, Fixnum, Fixnum
+    } else if(rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[0], rb_cRange)) {
+      // Range, Fixnum, Fixnum -> Range rows, some cols
+      CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[1]); CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[2]);
+      get_range_beg_en_n_for_size(argv[0], &ii, &end, n1, &step, size1);
+      if(step < 0 || *n1 <= 0) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "arg0: begin > end");
+      }
+      ij = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+      in2 = FIX2INT(argv[2]);
+      if(ij < 0) ij += size2;
+      *i = (size_t)ii;
+      *j = (size_t) ij;
+      *n2 = (size_t) in2;
+    // Fixnum, Fixnum, ...
+    } else {
+      CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[0]); CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[1]);
+      ii = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+      if(ii < 0) ii += size1; 
+      in1 = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+      *i = (size_t)ii;
+      *n1 = (size_t)in1;
+      // Parse arg2
+      if(NIL_P(argv[2])) {
+        // Fixnum, Fixnum, nil -> Some rows, all cols
+        *j = 0;
+        *n2 = size2;
+      } else if(rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[2], rb_cRange)) {
+        // Fixnum, Fixnum, Range -> Some rows, Range cols
+        get_range_beg_en_n_for_size(argv[2], &ij, &end, n2, &step, size2);
+        if(step < 0 || *n2 <= 0) {
+          rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "arg2: begin > end");
+        }
+        *j = (size_t)ij;
+      } else {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "expected third argument to be nil or Range, not %s",
+           rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[2])));
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case 4:
+    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[0]); CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[1]);
+    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[2]); CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[3]);
+    ii = FIX2INT(argv[0]);  ij = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+    in1 = FIX2INT(argv[2]);  in2 = FIX2INT(argv[3]);
+    if(ii < 0) ii += size1;
+    if(ij < 0) ij += size2;
+    // TODO Bounds check?
+    *i = (size_t)ii; *j = (size_t)ij;
+    *n1 = (size_t)in1; *n2 = (size_t)in2;
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0 to 4)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,do_something)(VALUE obj, void (*f)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *))
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  (*f)(m);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(create_matrix,from_range_shape)(VALUE range, VALUE nn1, VALUE nn2);
+static VALUE FUNCTION(create_matrix,from_ranges)(int argc, VALUE *argv);
+GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix)* FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc_from_colvectors)(int argc, VALUE *argv);
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,alloc)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  size_t n1, n2;
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  size_t n;
+  VALUE ary;
+  struct NARRAY *na;
+#endif
+  if (argc < 1) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, 
+			 "wrong number of arguments (%d for >= 1)", argc);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_NARRAY_H
+  if (NA_IsNArray(argv[0])) {
+    GetNArray(argv[0], na);
+    n = na->shape[0]*na->shape[1];
+    m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(na->shape[1], na->shape[0]);
+    if (m == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_matrix_alloc failed");
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+    ary = na_change_type(argv[0], NA_DFLOAT);
+#else
+    ary = na_change_type(argv[0], NA_LINT);
+#endif
+    memcpy(m->data, NA_PTR_TYPE(ary,BASE*), n*sizeof(BASE));
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+  }
+#endif
+  switch (TYPE(argv[0])) {
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+    if (argc != 2) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2)", 
+			    argc);
+    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[1]);
+    n1 = FIX2INT(argv[0]); n2 = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+    m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,calloc)(n1, n2);
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    if (argc == 1) {
+      m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc_from_arrays)(argc, argv);
+      break;
+    }
+    if (CLASS_OF(argv[1]) == rb_cRange) argv[1] = rb_gsl_range2ary(argv[1]);
+    switch (TYPE(argv[1])) {
+    case T_ARRAY:
+      m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc_from_arrays)(argc, argv);
+      break;
+    case T_FIXNUM:
+      if (argc != 3) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 3)",
+			      argc);
+      CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[2]);
+      m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc_from_array_sizes)(argv[0], argv[1], argv[2]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, 
+	       "wrong argument type %s\nUsage: new(n1, n2), "
+	       "new([], [], [], ...), new([], n1, n2)", 
+	       rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[1])));
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    if (CLASS_OF(argv[0]) == rb_cRange) {
+      if (argc==3 && TYPE(argv[1]) == T_FIXNUM && TYPE(argv[2]) == T_FIXNUM)
+	return FUNCTION(create_matrix,from_range_shape)(argv[0], argv[1], argv[2]);
+      else
+	return FUNCTION(create_matrix,from_ranges)(argc, argv);
+    } else if (VEC_P(argv[0])) {
+      if (argc == 3 && FIXNUM_P(argv[1]) && FIXNUM_P(argv[2])) {
+	m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc_from_vector_sizes)(argv[0], argv[1], argv[2]);
+      } else {
+	if (VEC_COL_P(argv[0])) {
+	  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc_from_colvectors)(argc, argv);
+	} else {
+	  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc_from_vectors)(argc, argv);
+	}
+      }
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s\n"
+	       "Usage: new(n1, n2), new([], [], [], ...), new([], n1, n2)", 
+	       rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[0])));
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+}
+
+void FUNCTION(set_ptr_data,by_range)(BASE *ptr, size_t n, VALUE range);
+
+static GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix)* FUNCTION(cr_matrix,from_ranges)(int argc, VALUE *argv)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  BASE beg, en;
+  size_t i, n;
+  int step;
+  FUNCTION(get_range,beg_en_n)(argv[0], &beg, &en, &n, &step);
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,calloc)(argc, n);
+  FUNCTION(set_ptr_data,by_range)(m->data, n, argv[0]);
+  for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+    if (CLASS_OF(argv[i]) != rb_cRange) 
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (Range expected)",
+	       rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[i])));
+    FUNCTION(set_ptr_data,by_range)(m->data+i*n, n, argv[i]);
+  }
+  return m;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(create_matrix,from_ranges)(int argc, VALUE *argv)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  m = FUNCTION(cr_matrix,from_ranges)(argc, argv);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+}
+
+static GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix)* FUNCTION(cr_matrix,from_range_shape)(VALUE range, VALUE nn1, VALUE nn2)
+{
+  size_t n1, n2;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  n1 = FIX2INT(nn1);  n2 = FIX2INT(nn2);
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(n1, n2);
+  FUNCTION(set_ptr_data,by_range)(m->data, n1*n2, range);
+  return m;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(create_matrix,from_range_shape)(VALUE range, VALUE nn1, VALUE nn2)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  m = FUNCTION(cr_matrix,from_range_shape)(range, nn1, nn2);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+}
+
+/* create a matrix from arrays */
+GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix)* FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc_from_arrays)(int argc, VALUE *argv)
+{
+  size_t n, i, j;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  if (CLASS_OF(argv[0]) == rb_cRange) argv[0] = rb_gsl_range2ary(argv[0]);
+  else Check_Type(argv[0], T_ARRAY);
+  n = RARRAY_LEN(argv[0]);
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(argc, n);
+  if (m == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_matrix_alloc failed");
+  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+    if (CLASS_OF(argv[i]) == rb_cRange) argv[i] = rb_gsl_range2ary(argv[i]);
+    else Check_Type(argv[i], T_ARRAY);
+    for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+      if (j >= RARRAY_LEN(argv[i])) FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, j, 0);
+      else FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, j, NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(argv[i], j)));
+    }
+  }
+  return m;
+}
+
+GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix)* FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc_from_vectors)(int argc, VALUE *argv)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  if (argc < 1) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too few arguments");
+  CHECK_VEC(argv[0]);
+  Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(argc, v->size);
+  if (m == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_matrix_alloc failed");
+  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+    CHECK_VEC(argv[i]);
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[i], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set_row)(m, i, v);
+  }
+  return m;
+}
+
+GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix)* FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc_from_colvectors)(int argc, VALUE *argv)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  if (argc < 1) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too few arguments");
+  CHECK_VEC(argv[0]);
+  Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+//  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(argc, v->size);
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(v->size, argc);  
+  if (m == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_matrix_alloc failed");
+  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+    CHECK_VEC(argv[i]);
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[i], GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set_col)(m, i, v);
+  }
+  return m;
+}
+
+/* create a matrix from two sizes and an array */
+GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix)* FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc_from_array_sizes)(VALUE ary,
+								  VALUE nn1, VALUE nn2)
+{
+  size_t n1, n2, len;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  size_t i, j, k;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(nn1); CHECK_FIXNUM(nn2);
+  Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
+  n1 = FIX2INT(nn1);
+  n2 = FIX2INT(nn2);
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(n1, n2);
+  if (m == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_matrix_alloc failed");
+  k = 0;
+  len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+  for (i = 0; i < n1; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < n2; j++, k++) {
+      if (k >= len)
+	FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, j, (BASE) 0);
+      else
+	FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, j, (BASE) NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(ary, k)));
+      
+    }
+  }
+  return m;
+}
+
+GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix)* FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc_from_vector_sizes)(VALUE ary,
+								   VALUE nn1, VALUE nn2)
+{
+  size_t n1, n2;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  size_t i, j, k;
+  CHECK_VEC(ary);
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(nn1); CHECK_FIXNUM(nn2);
+  Data_Get_Struct(ary, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  n1 = FIX2INT(nn1); n2 = FIX2INT(nn2);
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(n1, n2);
+  if (m == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_matrix_alloc failed");
+  k = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < n1; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < n2; j++, k++) {
+      if (k >= v->size) 
+	FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, j, (BASE) 0);
+      else
+	FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, j, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, k));
+    }
+  }
+  return m;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,calloc)(VALUE klass, VALUE nn1, VALUE nn2)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(nn1); CHECK_FIXNUM(nn2);
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,calloc)(FIX2INT(nn1), FIX2INT(nn2));
+  if (m == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_matrix_calloc failed");
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,diagonal_singleton)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  VALUE ary, tmp;
+  size_t len, i;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 1:
+    switch (TYPE(argv[0])) {
+    case T_FIXNUM:
+    case T_FLOAT:
+      len = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+      m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(len, len);
+      for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+	FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, i, 1);
+      return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+      break;
+    default:
+      /* do next */
+      break;
+    }
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[0], rb_cRange))
+      ary = rb_gsl_range2ary(argv[0]);
+    else ary = argv[0];
+    switch (TYPE(ary)) {
+    case T_ARRAY:
+      len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
+      m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,calloc)(len, len);
+      for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+	tmp = rb_ary_entry(ary, i);
+	FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, i, NUMCONV2(tmp));
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      CHECK_VEC(ary);
+      Data_Get_Struct(ary, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+      len = v->size;
+      m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,calloc)(len, len);
+      for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+	FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, i, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i));
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,calloc)(argc, argc);
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, i, NUMCONV2(argv[i]));
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,eye)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  size_t n1, n2, n, i;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 1:
+    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[0]);
+    n = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+    n1 = n2 = n;
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[0]); CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[1]);
+    n1 = FIX2INT(argv[0]); n2 = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+    n = GSL_MIN_INT(n1, n2);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1 or 2)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,calloc)(n1, n2);
+  if (m == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_matrix_calloc failed");
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, i, 1);
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,ones)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  size_t n1, n2, n, i, j;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 1:
+    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[0]);
+    n = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+    n1 = n2 = n;
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[0]); CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[1]);
+    n1 = FIX2INT(argv[0]); n2 = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+    n = GSL_MIN_INT(n1, n2);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1 or 2)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,calloc)(n1, n2);
+  if (m == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_matrix_calloc failed");
+  for (i = 0; i < n1; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < n2; j++) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, j, (BASE) 1);
+    }
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,zeros)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  size_t n1, n2, n, i, j;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 1:
+    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[0]);
+    n = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+    n1 = n2 = n;
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[0]); CHECK_FIXNUM(argv[1]);
+    n1 = FIX2INT(argv[0]); n2 = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+    n = GSL_MIN_INT(n1, n2);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1 or 2)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,calloc)(n1, n2);
+  if (m == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_matrix_calloc failed");
+  for (i = 0; i < n1; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < n2; j++) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, j, (BASE) 0);
+    }
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,identity)(VALUE klass, VALUE nn)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  size_t n, i;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(nn);
+  n = FIX2INT(nn);
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,calloc)(n, n);
+  if (m == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_matrix_calloc failed");
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, i, 1);
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,size1)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  return INT2FIX(m->size1);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,size2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  return INT2FIX(m->size2);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,shape)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  return rb_ary_new3(2, INT2FIX(m->size1), INT2FIX(m->size2));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,submatrix)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,get)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  VALUE retval;
+  int ii, ij;
+
+  if(argc == 2 && TYPE(argv[0]) == T_FIXNUM && TYPE(argv[1]) == T_FIXNUM) {
+    // m[i,j]
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+    ii = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+    ij = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+    if(ii < 0) ii += m->size1;
+    if(ij < 0) ij += m->size2;
+    retval = C_TO_VALUE2(FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m, (size_t)ii, (size_t)ij));
+  } else if(argc == 1 && TYPE(argv[0]) == T_FIXNUM) {
+    // m[i]
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+    ii = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+    if(ii < 0) ii += m->size1 * m->size2;
+    retval = C_TO_VALUE2(FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m, (size_t)(ii / m->size2), (size_t)(ii % m->size2)));
+  } else if(argc == 1 && TYPE(argv[0]) == T_ARRAY) {
+    // m[[i,j]], to support m[m.max_index]
+    if(RARRAY_LEN(argv[0]) == 2) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+      ii = FIX2INT(RARRAY_PTR(argv[0])[0]);
+      ij = FIX2INT(RARRAY_PTR(argv[0])[1]);
+      if(ii < 0) ii += m->size1;
+      if(ij < 0) ij += m->size2;
+      retval = C_TO_VALUE2(FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m, (size_t)ii, (size_t)ij));
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Array index must have length 2, not %d", (int) RARRAY_LEN(argv[0]));
+    }
+  } else {
+    retval = FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,submatrix)(argc, argv, obj);
+  }
+
+  return retval;
+}
+
+void FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,set_subvector)(int argc, VALUE *argv, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v, VALUE other);
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,set)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m, *mother;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_matrix,view) mv;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) vv;
+  VALUE other, row, row_set_argv[2];
+  int ii, ij, step;
+  size_t i, j, k, n1, n2, nother;
+  BASE beg, end;
+
+  if(argc < 1 || argc > 5) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1-5)", argc);
+  }
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  other = argv[argc-1];
+
+  if(argc == 1 && TYPE(argv[0]) == T_ARRAY) {
+    // m.set([row0,row1,...])
+    n1 = RARRAY_LEN(argv[0]);
+    if(n1 > m->size1) n1 = m->size1;
+    row_set_argv[0] = INT2FIX(0);
+    // Each given row must have as manay elements as m has columns.
+    // The bounds check happens inside rb_gsl_vector*set_subvector().
+    row_set_argv[1] = INT2FIX(m->size2);
+    for(k = 0; k < n1 && k < m->size1; k++) {
+      vv = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,row)(m, k);
+      FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,set_subvector)(2, row_set_argv, &vv.vector, rb_ary_entry(argv[0], k));
+    }
+  } else if(argc == 1) {
+    // m[] = x
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set_all)(m, NUMCONV2(other));
+  } else if(argc==2 && TYPE(argv[0]) == T_ARRAY && TYPE(argv[1]) != T_ARRAY) {
+    // m.set([i, j], x) or m[[i,j]] = x
+    ii = FIX2INT(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 0));
+    ij = FIX2INT(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], 1));
+    if(ii < 0) ii += m->size1;
+    if(ij < 0) ij += m->size2;
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, (size_t)ii, (size_t)ij, NUMCONV2(argv[1]));
+  } else if(argc == 3 && TYPE(argv[0]) == T_FIXNUM && TYPE(argv[1]) == T_FIXNUM) {
+    // m[i,j] = x
+    ii = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+    ij = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+    if(ii < 0) ii += m->size1;
+    if(ij < 0) ij += m->size2;
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, (size_t)ii, (size_t)ij, NUMCONV2(other));
+  } else if(TYPE(argv[0]) == T_ARRAY) {
+    // m.set(row0,row1,...)
+    n1 = argc;
+    if(n1 > m->size1) n1 = m->size1;
+    row_set_argv[0] = INT2FIX(0);
+    row_set_argv[1] = INT2FIX(m->size2);
+    for(k = 0; k < n1 && k < m->size1; k++) {
+      vv = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,row)(m, k);
+      FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,set_subvector)(2, row_set_argv, &vv.vector, argv[k]);
+    }
+  } else {
+    // x -> assignment to m.submatrix(i...)
+    parse_submatrix_args(argc-1, argv, m->size1, m->size2, &i, &j, &n1, &n2);
+    if(n1 == 0) n1 = 1;
+    if(n2 == 0) n2 = 1;
+    mv = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,submatrix)(m, i, j, n1, n2);
+    if(rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix))) {
+      // m[...] = m_other
+      Data_Get_Struct(other, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), mother);
+      if(n1 * n2 != mother->size1 * mother->size2) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "sizes do not match (%d x %d != %d x %d)",
+		 (int) n1, (int) n2, (int) mother->size1, (int) mother->size2);
+      }
+      // TODO Change to gsl_matrix_memmove if/when GSL has such a function
+      // because gsl_matrix_memcpy does not handle overlapping regions (e.g.
+      // Views) well.
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,memcpy)(&mv.matrix, mother);
+    } else if(rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_cArray)) {
+      row_set_argv[0] = INT2FIX(0);
+      row_set_argv[1] = INT2FIX(n2);
+
+      if(n1 == 1) {
+        // m[...] = [col0, ...] # single row
+        vv = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,row)(&mv.matrix, 0);
+        FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,set_subvector)(2, row_set_argv, &vv.vector, other);
+      } else {
+        // m[...] = [[row0], [row1], ...] # multiple rows
+        if(n1 != RARRAY_LEN(other)) {
+          rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "row counts do not match (%d != %d)",
+		   (int) n1, (int) RARRAY_LEN(other));
+        }
+        for(k = 0; k < n1; k++) {
+          vv = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,row)(&mv.matrix, k);
+          row = rb_ary_entry(other, k);
+          FUNCTION(rb_gsl_vector,set_subvector)(2, row_set_argv, &vv.vector, row);
+        }
+      }
+    } else if(rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_cRange)) {
+      // m[...] = beg..end
+      FUNCTION(get_range,beg_en_n)(other, &beg, &end, &nother, &step);
+      if(n1 * n2 != nother) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "sizes do not match (%d x %d != %d)", (int) n1, (int) n2, (int) nother);
+      }
+      for(k = 0; k < nother; k++) {
+        FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(&mv.matrix, k / n2, k % n2, beg);
+        beg += step;
+      }
+    } else {
+      // m[...] = x
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set_all)(&mv.matrix, NUMCONV2(other));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,set_all)(VALUE obj, VALUE x)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set_all)(m, NUMCONV2(x));
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,set_zero)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,do_something)(obj, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set_zero));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,set_identity)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,do_something)(obj,  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set_identity));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,print)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  size_t i, j;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  printf("[ ");
+  for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+    if (i != 0) printf("  ");
+    for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+      printf(PRINTF_FORMAT, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m, i, j));
+    }
+    if (i == m->size1 - 1) printf("]\n");
+    else printf("\n");
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+#define SHOW_ELM 6
+#else
+#define SHOW_ELM 12
+#endif
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,to_s)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  char buf[32], format[32], format2[32];
+  size_t i, j;
+  VALUE str;
+  BASE x, min;
+  int dig = 8;
+#ifdef BASE_INT
+  BASE max;
+#endif
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  min = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,min)(m);
+#ifdef BASE_INT
+  max = gsl_matrix_int_max(m);
+  dig = (int) GSL_MAX(fabs(max),fabs(min));
+  if (dig > 0) dig = ceil(log10(dig+1e-10));
+  else dig = 1;
+  if (min < 0) dig += 1;
+  sprintf(format, "%%%dd ", (int) dig);
+  strcpy(format2, format);
+#else
+  strcpy(format, PRINTF_FORMAT);
+  strcpy(format2, " "PRINTF_FORMAT);
+#endif
+  str = rb_str_new2("[ ");
+  for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+    if (i != 0) {
+      strcpy(buf, "  ");
+      rb_str_cat(str, buf, strlen(buf));
+    }
+    for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+      x = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m, i, j);
+      if (x < 0)
+	sprintf(buf, format, x); 
+      else
+	sprintf(buf, format2, x); 
+      rb_str_cat(str, buf, strlen(buf));
+      if (j >= (55/dig)) {
+        strcpy(buf, "... ");
+        rb_str_cat(str, buf, strlen(buf));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (i >= 20) {
+      strcpy(buf, "\n  ... ]");
+      rb_str_cat(str, buf, strlen(buf));
+      break;
+    }
+    if (i == m->size1 - 1) {
+      strcpy(buf, "]");
+      rb_str_cat(str, buf, strlen(buf));
+    } else {
+      strcpy(buf, "\n");
+      rb_str_cat(str, buf, strlen(buf));
+    }
+  }
+  return str;
+}
+#undef SHOW_ELM
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,inspect)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  VALUE str;
+  char buf[64];
+  sprintf(buf, "%s\n", rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(obj)));
+  str = rb_str_new2(buf);
+  return rb_str_concat(str, FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,to_s)(obj));
+}
+
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+#define PRINTF_FORMAT2 "%g"
+#elif defined(BASE_INT)
+#define PRINTF_FORMAT2 "%d"
+#endif
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,fprintf)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *h = NULL;
+  FILE *fp = NULL;
+  int status, flag = 0;
+  if (argc != 1 && argc != 2) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1 or 2)", argc);
+  }
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), h);
+  fp = rb_gsl_open_writefile(argv[0], &flag);
+  if (argc == 2) {
+    Check_Type(argv[1], T_STRING);
+    status = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,fprintf)(fp, h, STR2CSTR(argv[1]));
+  } else {
+    status = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,fprintf)(fp, h, PRINTF_FORMAT2);
+  }
+  if (flag == 1) fclose(fp);
+  return INT2FIX(status);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,printf)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *h = NULL;
+  int status;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), h);
+  if (argc == 1) {
+    Check_Type(argv[0], T_STRING);
+    status = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,fprintf)(stdout, h, STR2CSTR(argv[0]));
+  } else {
+    status = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,fprintf)(stdout, h, PRINTF_FORMAT2);
+  }
+  return INT2FIX(status);
+}
+
+#undef PRINTF_FORMAT2
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,fscanf)(VALUE obj, VALUE io)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *h = NULL;
+  FILE *fp = NULL;
+  int status, flag = 0;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), h);
+  fp = rb_gsl_open_readfile(io, &flag);
+  status = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,fscanf)(fp, h);
+  if (flag == 1) fclose(fp);
+  return INT2FIX(status);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,set_diagonal)(VALUE obj, VALUE diag)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v;
+  size_t i, len;
+  BASE x;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  switch (TYPE(diag)) {
+  case T_FIXNUM: case T_BIGNUM: case T_FLOAT:
+    x = (BASE) NUMCONV2(diag);
+    for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, i, x);
+    break;
+  case T_ARRAY:
+    len = GSL_MIN_INT(m->size1, RARRAY_LEN(diag));
+    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, i, NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(diag, i)));
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    if (VEC_P(diag)) {
+      Data_Get_Struct(diag, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+      len = GSL_MIN_INT(m->size1, v->size);
+      for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+	FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, i, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (GSL::Vector or Array expected)",
+	       rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(diag)));
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,get_row)(VALUE obj, VALUE i)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(i);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  v = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(m->size1);
+  if (v == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_vector_alloc failed");
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get_row)(v, m, FIX2INT(i));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), v);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,get_col)(VALUE obj, VALUE i)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(i);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  v = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(m->size2);
+  if (v == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "gsl_vector_alloc failed");
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get_col)(v, m, FIX2INT(i));
+  // TODO This is NOT returning a view!  Is there a macro more appropriate than
+  // QUALIFIED_VIEW?
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(QUALIFIED_VIEW(cgsl_vector,col), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), v);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,set_row)(VALUE obj, VALUE i, VALUE vv)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  int flag = 0;
+  size_t j;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(i);
+  if (CLASS_OF(vv) == rb_cRange) vv = rb_gsl_range2ary(vv);
+  if (TYPE(vv) == T_ARRAY) {
+    v = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(RARRAY_LEN(vv));
+    for (j = 0; j < RARRAY_LEN(vv); j++) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(v, j, NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(vv, j)));
+    }
+    flag = 1;
+  } else {
+    CHECK_VEC(vv);
+    Data_Get_Struct(vv, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  }
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set_row)(m, FIX2INT(i), v);
+  if (flag == 1) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free)(v);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,set_col)(VALUE obj, VALUE j, VALUE vv)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v = NULL;
+  int flag = 0;
+  size_t i;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(j);
+  if (CLASS_OF(vv) == rb_cRange) vv = rb_gsl_range2ary(vv);
+  if (TYPE(vv) == T_ARRAY) {
+    v = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(RARRAY_LEN(vv));
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(vv); i++) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(v, i, NUMCONV2(rb_ary_entry(vv, i)));
+    }
+    flag = 1;
+  } else {
+    CHECK_VECTOR(vv);
+    Data_Get_Struct(vv, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  }
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set_col)(m, FIX2INT(j), v);
+  if (flag == 1) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free)(v);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,clone)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size1, m->size2);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,memcpy)(mnew, m);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,memcpy)(VALUE obj, VALUE mm1, VALUE mm2)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m1 = NULL, *m2 = NULL;
+  CHECK_MAT(mm1);  CHECK_MAT(mm2);
+  Data_Get_Struct(mm1, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m1);
+  Data_Get_Struct(mm2, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m2);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,memcpy)(m1, m2);
+  return mm1;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,isnull)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  return INT2FIX(FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,isnull)(m));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,isnull2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  if (FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,isnull)(m)) return Qtrue;
+  else return Qfalse;
+}
+
+
+/* singleton */
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,swap)(VALUE obj, VALUE mm1, VALUE mm2)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m1 = NULL, *m2 = NULL;
+  CHECK_MAT(mm1);  CHECK_MAT(mm2);
+  Data_Get_Struct(mm1, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m1);
+  Data_Get_Struct(mm2, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m2);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,swap)(m1, m2);
+  return mm1;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,swap_rows_bang)(VALUE obj, VALUE i, VALUE j)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(i);   CHECK_FIXNUM(j);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,swap_rows)(m, FIX2INT(i), FIX2INT(j));
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,swap_rows)(VALUE obj, VALUE i, VALUE j)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL, *mnew;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(i);   CHECK_FIXNUM(j);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(make_matrix,clone)(m);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,swap_rows)(mnew, FIX2INT(i), FIX2INT(j));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,swap_columns_bang)(VALUE obj, VALUE i, VALUE j)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(i);   CHECK_FIXNUM(j);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,swap_columns)(m, FIX2INT(i), FIX2INT(j));
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,swap_columns)(VALUE obj, VALUE i, VALUE j)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL, *mnew;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(i);   CHECK_FIXNUM(j);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(make_matrix,clone)(m);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,swap_columns)(mnew, FIX2INT(i), FIX2INT(j));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,swap_rowcol_bang)(VALUE obj, VALUE i, VALUE j)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(i);   CHECK_FIXNUM(j);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,swap_rowcol)(m, FIX2INT(i), FIX2INT(j));
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,swap_rowcol)(VALUE obj, VALUE i, VALUE j)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(i);   CHECK_FIXNUM(j);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(make_matrix,clone)(m);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,swap_rowcol)(mnew, FIX2INT(i), FIX2INT(j));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,transpose_memcpy)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size2, m->size1);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,transpose_memcpy)(mnew, m);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,transpose_bang)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,transpose)(m);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,max)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  return C_TO_VALUE2(FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,max)(m));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,min)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  return C_TO_VALUE2(FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,min)(m));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,minmax)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  BASE min, max;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,minmax)(m, &min, &max);
+  return rb_ary_new3(2, C_TO_VALUE2(min), C_TO_VALUE2(max));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,max_index)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  size_t imax, jmax;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,max_index)(m, &imax, &jmax);
+  return rb_ary_new3(2, INT2FIX(imax), INT2FIX(jmax));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,min_index)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  size_t imin, jmin;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,min_index)(m, &imin, &jmin);
+  return rb_ary_new3(2, INT2FIX(imin), INT2FIX(jmin));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,minmax_index)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  size_t imin, jmin, imax, jmax;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,minmax_index)(m, &imin, &jmin, &imax, &jmax);
+  return rb_ary_new3(2, rb_ary_new3(2, INT2FIX(imin), INT2FIX(jmin)),
+		     rb_ary_new3(2, INT2FIX(imax), INT2FIX(jmax)));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,fwrite)(VALUE obj, VALUE io)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *h = NULL;
+  FILE *f = NULL;
+  int status, flag = 0;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), h);
+  f = rb_gsl_open_writefile(io, &flag);
+  status = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,fwrite)(f, h);
+  if (flag == 1) fclose(f);
+  return INT2FIX(status);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,fread)(VALUE obj, VALUE io)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *h = NULL;
+  FILE *f = NULL;
+  int status, flag = 0;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), h);
+  f = rb_gsl_open_readfile(io, &flag);
+  status = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,fread)(f, h);
+  if (flag == 1) fclose(f);
+  return INT2FIX(status);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,trace)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  size_t i;
+  BASE trace = 0;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+    trace += FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m, i, i);
+  }
+  return C_TO_VALUE2(trace);
+}
+
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,uplus)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,uminus)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  size_t i, j;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size1, m->size2);
+  for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(mnew, i, j, -FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m, i, j));
+    }
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, mnew);
+}
+
+VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,power)(VALUE obj, VALUE bb)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL, *mtmp = NULL, *mnew = NULL;
+  size_t i, b;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(bb);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  b = FIX2INT(bb); 
+  mtmp = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size1, m->size2);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size1, m->size2);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,memcpy)(mnew, m);
+  for (i = 1; i < b; i++) {
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,memcpy)(mtmp, mnew);
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+    gsl_linalg_matmult(mtmp, m, mnew);
+#else
+    gsl_linalg_matmult_int(mtmp, m, mnew);
+#endif
+  }
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free)(mtmp);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,submatrix)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_matrix,view) *mv = NULL;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) *vv = NULL;
+  size_t i, j, n1, n2;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  parse_submatrix_args(argc, argv, m->size1, m->size2, &i, &j, &n1, &n2);
+  if(n1 == 0) {
+    vv = ALLOC(QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view));
+    *vv = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,subrow)(m, i, j, n2);
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(QUALIFIED_VIEW(cgsl_vector,view), 0, free, vv);
+  }
+  else if(n2 == 0) {
+    vv = ALLOC(QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view));
+    *vv = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,subcolumn)(m, j, i, n1);
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(QUALIFIED_VIEW(cgsl_vector,col_view), 0, free, vv);
+  } else {
+    mv = ALLOC(QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_matrix,view));
+    *mv = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,submatrix)(m, i, j, n1, n2);
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(QUALIFIED_VIEW(cgsl_matrix,view), 0, free, mv);
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,return_vector_view)(VALUE obj, VALUE index,
+					      QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) (*f)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix)*,
+								   size_t))
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) *vv = NULL;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(index);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  vv = ALLOC(QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view));
+  *vv = (*f)(m, FIX2INT(index));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(QUALIFIED_VIEW(cgsl_vector,view), 0, free, vv);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,row)(VALUE obj, VALUE i)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,return_vector_view)(obj, i, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,row));
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,column)(VALUE obj, VALUE j)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) *vv = NULL;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(j);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  vv = ALLOC(QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view));
+  *vv = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,column)(m, FIX2INT(j));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(QUALIFIED_VIEW(cgsl_vector,col_view), 0, free, vv);
+}
+
+#ifdef GSL_1_10_LATER
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,subrow)(VALUE obj, VALUE i, VALUE offset,
+  VALUE n)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) *vv = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  vv = ALLOC(QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view));
+  *vv = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,subrow)(m, FIX2INT(i), FIX2INT(offset), FIX2INT(n));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(QUALIFIED_VIEW(cgsl_vector,view), 0, free, vv);
+}
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,subcolumn)(VALUE obj, VALUE j, VALUE offset,
+  VALUE n)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) *vv = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  vv = ALLOC(QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view));
+  *vv = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,subcolumn)(m, FIX2INT(j), FIX2INT(offset), FIX2INT(n));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(QUALIFIED_VIEW(cgsl_vector,col_view), 0, free, vv);
+}
+#endif
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,diagonal)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) *vv = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  vv = ALLOC(QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view));
+  *vv = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,diagonal)(m);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(QUALIFIED_VIEW(cgsl_vector,view), 0, free, vv);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,subdiagonal)(VALUE obj, VALUE k)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_matrix_return_vector_view(obj, k, gsl_matrix_subdiagonal);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,superdiagonal)(VALUE obj, VALUE k)
+{
+  return rb_gsl_matrix_return_vector_view(obj, k, gsl_matrix_superdiagonal);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,vector_view)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) *vv;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  vv = ALLOC(QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view));
+  vv->vector.size = m->size1*m->size2;
+  vv->vector.owner = 0;
+  vv->vector.stride = 1;
+  vv->vector.data = m->data;
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(QUALIFIED_VIEW(cgsl_vector,view), 0, free, vv);
+}
+
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,each_row)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) *vv;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+    vv = ALLOC(QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view));
+    *vv = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,row)(m, i);
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+    rb_yield(Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view, 0, free, vv));
+#else
+    rb_yield(Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_int_view, 0, free, vv));
+#endif
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,each_col)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) *vv;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  for (i = 0; i < m->size2; i++) {
+    vv = ALLOC(QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view));
+    *vv = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,column)(m, i);
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+    rb_yield(Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_col_view, 0, free, vv));
+#else
+    rb_yield(Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_int_col_view, 0, free, vv));
+#endif
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,scale_bang)(VALUE obj, VALUE x)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,scale)(m, NUMCONV(x));
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,scale)(VALUE obj, VALUE b)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL, *mnew;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(make_matrix,clone)(m);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,scale)(mnew, NUMCONV(b));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,add_constant_bang)(VALUE obj, VALUE x)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,add_constant)(m, NUMCONV(x));
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,add_constant)(VALUE obj, VALUE b)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL, *mnew;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(make_matrix,clone)(m);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,add_constant)(mnew, NUMCONV(b));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+static int FUNCTION(mygsl_matrix,equal)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *a, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *b, double eps)
+{
+  size_t i, j;
+  BASE x, y;
+  if (a->size1 != b->size1 || a->size2 != b->size2) return 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < a->size1; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < a->size2; j++) {
+      x = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(a, i, j);
+      y = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(b, i, j);
+      if (fabs(x-y) > eps) return 0;
+    }
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+ 
+#ifdef HAVE_TENSOR_TENSOR_H
+EXTERN VALUE cgsl_tensor, cgsl_tensor_int;
+VALUE rb_gsl_tensor_equal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
+VALUE rb_gsl_tensor_int_equal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj);
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+#define TEN_P(x) TENSOR_P(x)
+#else
+#define TEN_P(x) TENSOR_INT_P(x)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,equal)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *a, *b;
+  double eps = 1e-10;
+  VALUE bb;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 2:
+    bb = argv[0];
+    eps = NUM2DBL(argv[1]);
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    bb = argv[0];
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1 or 2)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+#ifdef HAVE_TENSOR_TENSOR_H
+  if (TEN_P(bb)) {
+    return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_tensor,equal)(argc, argv, obj);
+  }
+#endif
+  CHECK_MAT(bb);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), a);
+  Data_Get_Struct(bb, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), b);
+  if (FUNCTION(mygsl_matrix,equal)(a, b, eps) == 1) return Qtrue;
+  else return Qfalse;
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_TENSOR_TENSOR_H
+#ifdef TEN_P
+#undef TEN_P
+#endif
+#endif
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,equal_singleton)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *a, *b;
+  VALUE aa, bb;
+  double eps = 1e-10;
+  BASE x, y;
+  size_t i, j;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 3:
+    aa = argv[0];
+    bb = argv[1];
+    eps = NUM2DBL(argv[2]);
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    aa = argv[0];
+    bb = argv[1];
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2 or 3)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  CHECK_MAT(aa);  CHECK_MAT(bb);
+  Data_Get_Struct(aa, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), a);
+  Data_Get_Struct(bb, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), b);
+  if (a->size1 != b->size1 || a->size2 != b->size2) return Qfalse;
+  for (i = 0; i < a->size1; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < a->size2; j++) {
+      x = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(a, i, j);
+      y = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(b, i, j);
+      if (fabs(x-y) > eps) return Qfalse;
+    }
+  }
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_TENSOR_TENSOR_H
+#include "rb_gsl_tensor.h"
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,to_tensor)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  GSL_TYPE(rbgsl_tensor) *t;
+  unsigned int rank;
+  size_t dim;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  if (m->size1 != m->size2) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "matrix must have equal dimensions");
+  rank = 2;
+  dim = m->size1;
+  t = FUNCTION(rbgsl_tensor,alloc)(rank, dim);
+  memcpy(t->tensor->data, m->data, sizeof(BASE)*t->tensor->size);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_tensor), 0, FUNCTION(rbgsl_tensor,free), t);
+}
+#endif
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,collect)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL, *mnew;
+  size_t i, j;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size1, m->size2);
+  for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(mnew, i, j, NUMCONV(rb_yield(C_TO_VALUE(FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m, i, j)))));
+    }
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,collect_bang)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL;
+  size_t i, j;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, j, NUMCONV(rb_yield(C_TO_VALUE(FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m, i, j)))));
+    }
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,upper)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL, *mnew;
+  size_t i, j;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(make_matrix,clone)(m);
+  for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(mnew, i, j, 0);
+    }
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,lower)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m = NULL, *mnew;
+  size_t i, j;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(make_matrix,clone)(m);
+  for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+    for (j = i+1; j < m->size2; j++) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(mnew, i, j, 0);
+    }
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+/* singleton method, creates Pascal matrix of dimension n */
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,pascal1)(VALUE obj, VALUE n)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  BASE x;
+  size_t i, j, dim;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(n);
+  dim = (size_t) FIX2INT(n);
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(dim, dim);
+  for (j = 0; j < dim; j++) FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, 0, j, (BASE) 1);
+  for (i = 1; i < dim; i++) {
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, 0, (BASE) 1);
+    for (j = 1; j < dim; j++) {
+      x=FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m,i-1,j)+FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m,i,j-1);
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, j, x);
+    }
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+}
+
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,hilbert)(VALUE obj, VALUE n)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  double x;
+  size_t i, j, dim;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(n);
+  dim = (size_t) FIX2INT(n);
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(dim, dim);
+  for (i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < dim; j++) {
+      x = 1.0/(i + j + 1);
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, j, (BASE) x);
+    }
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+}
+
+double mygsl_binomial_coef(unsigned int n, unsigned int k);
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,invhilbert)(VALUE obj, VALUE n)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  double x, y;
+  size_t i, j, dim;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(n);
+  dim = (size_t) FIX2INT(n);
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(dim, dim);
+  for (i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < dim; j++) {
+      if ((i+j)%2 == 0) x = 1;
+      else x = -1;
+      x *= (i + j + 1);
+      x *= mygsl_binomial_coef(dim + i, dim - j - 1);
+      x *= mygsl_binomial_coef(dim + j, dim - i - 1);
+      y = mygsl_binomial_coef(i + j, i);
+      x *= y*y;
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, j, (BASE) x);
+    }
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+}
+#endif
+
+static void FUNCTION(mygsl_matrix,vandermonde)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v)
+{
+  size_t i, j;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < v->size; j++) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, j, (BASE) gsl_pow_int(FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i), v->size-j-1));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/* singleton */
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,vandermonde)(VALUE obj, VALUE vv)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  int flag = 0;
+  if (TYPE(vv) == T_ARRAY) {
+    v = FUNCTION(make_cvector,from_rarray)(vv);
+    flag = 1;
+  } else if (VEC_P(vv)) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(vv, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  } else {
+    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (Array or Vector expected)",
+	     rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(vv)));
+  }
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(v->size, v->size);
+  FUNCTION(mygsl_matrix,vandermonde)(m, v);
+  if (flag == 1) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free)(v);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+}
+
+static void FUNCTION(mygsl_matrix,toeplitz)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v)
+{
+  size_t i, j;
+  for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < v->size; j++) {
+      if (j >= i) 
+	FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, j, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, j-i));
+      else
+	FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, j, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i-j));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,toeplitz)(VALUE obj, VALUE vv)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  int flag = 0;
+  if (TYPE(vv) == T_ARRAY) {
+    v = FUNCTION(make_cvector,from_rarray)(vv);
+    flag = 1;
+  } else if (VEC_P(vv)) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(vv, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  } else {
+    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (Array or Vector expected)",
+	     rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(vv)));
+  }
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(v->size, v->size);
+  FUNCTION(mygsl_matrix,toeplitz)(m, v);
+  if (flag == 1) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free)(v);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+}
+
+void FUNCTION(mygsl_vector,to_m_circulant)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v);
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,circulant)(VALUE obj, VALUE vv)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  int flag = 0;
+  if (TYPE(vv) == T_ARRAY) {
+    v = FUNCTION(make_cvector,from_rarray)(vv);
+    flag = 1;
+  } else if (VEC_P(vv)) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(vv, GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector), v);
+  } else {
+    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (Array or Vector expected)",
+	     rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(vv)));
+  }
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(v->size, v->size);
+  FUNCTION(mygsl_vector,to_m_circulant)(m, v);
+  if (flag == 1) FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free)(v);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+}
+
+static void FUNCTION(mygsl_matrix,indgen)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m,
+					  BASE start, BASE step)
+{
+  size_t i, j;
+  BASE n;
+  n = start;
+  for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, j, n);
+      n += step;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,indgen_singleton)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  size_t n1, n2;
+  BASE start = 0, step = 1;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 4:
+    step = NUMCONV2(argv[3]);
+    /* no break */
+  case 3:
+    start = NUMCONV2(argv[2]);
+    /* no break */
+  case 2:
+    n1 = NUM2INT(argv[0]);
+    n2 = NUM2INT(argv[1]);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 2-4)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  m = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(n1, n2);
+  FUNCTION(mygsl_matrix,indgen)(m, start, step);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), m);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,indgen)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m, *mnew;
+  BASE start = 0, step = 1;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 2:
+    step = NUMCONV2(argv[1]);
+    /* no break */
+  case 1:
+    start = NUMCONV2(argv[0]);
+    break;
+  case 0:
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0-2)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size1, m->size2);
+  FUNCTION(mygsl_matrix,indgen)(mnew, start, step);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,indgen_bang)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  BASE start = 0, step = 1;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 2:
+    step = NUMCONV2(argv[1]);
+    /* no break */
+  case 1:
+    start = NUMCONV2(argv[0]);
+    break;
+  case 0:
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0-2)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  FUNCTION(mygsl_matrix,indgen)(m, start, step);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,to_a)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  VALUE ma, ra;
+  size_t i, j;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  ma = rb_ary_new2(m->size1);
+  for(i=0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+    ra = rb_ary_new2(m->size2);
+    rb_ary_store(ma, i, ra);
+    for(j=0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+      rb_ary_store(ra, j, C_TO_VALUE(FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m, i, j)));
+    }
+  }
+  return ma;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,to_v)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v;
+  size_t i, j, k;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  v = FUNCTION(gsl_vector,alloc)(m->size1*m->size2);
+  //  memcpy(v->data, m->data, sizeof(BASE)*v->size);
+  for (i = 0, k = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++, k++) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_vector,set)(v, k, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m, i, j));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(m->size1 > 1 && m->size2 == 1) {
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(CONCAT2(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector),col), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), v);
+  } else {
+    return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_vector), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), v);
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,to_vview)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) *v;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  v = ALLOC(QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view));
+  v->vector.size = m->size1*m->size2;
+  v->vector.stride = 1;
+  v->vector.owner = 0;
+  v->vector.data = m->data;
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(QUALIFIED_VIEW(cgsl_vector,view), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_vector,free), v);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,norm)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  size_t i, n;
+  BASE x = 0;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  n = m->size1*m->size2;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) x += m->data[i]*m->data[i];
+  return rb_float_new(sqrt(x));
+}
+
+static int FUNCTION(mygsl_matrix,reverse_columns)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *dst,
+						   GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *src)
+{
+  size_t j;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) col;
+  if (dst->size1 != src->size1 || dst->size2 != src->size2)
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "matrix sizes are different.");
+  for (j = 0; j < src->size2; j++) {
+    col = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,column)(src, j);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set_col)(dst, dst->size2-1-j, &col.vector);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int FUNCTION(mygsl_matrix,reverse_rows)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *dst,
+						   GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *src)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) row;
+  if (dst->size1 != src->size1 || dst->size2 != src->size2)
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "matrix sizes are different.");
+  for (i = 0; i < src->size1; i++) {
+    row = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,row)(src, i);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set_row)(dst, dst->size1-1-i, &row.vector);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,reverse_columns)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m, *mnew;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size1, m->size2);
+  FUNCTION(mygsl_matrix,reverse_columns)(mnew, m);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,reverse_columns_bang)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m, *mnew;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size1, m->size2);
+  FUNCTION(mygsl_matrix,reverse_columns)(mnew, m);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,memcpy)(m, mnew);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free)(mnew);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,reverse_rows)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m, *mnew;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size1, m->size2);
+  FUNCTION(mygsl_matrix,reverse_rows)(mnew, m);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,reverse_rows_bang)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m, *mnew;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size1, m->size2);
+  FUNCTION(mygsl_matrix,reverse_rows)(mnew, m);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,memcpy)(m, mnew);
+  FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free)(mnew);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,block)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_block), 0, NULL, m->block);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,info)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  char buf[256];
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  sprintf(buf, "Class:      %s\n", rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(obj)));
+#ifdef RUBY_1_9_LATER
+  sprintf(buf, "%sSuperClass: %s\n", buf, rb_class2name(RCLASS_SUPER(CLASS_OF(obj))));
+#else
+  sprintf(buf, "%sSuperClass: %s\n", buf, rb_class2name(RCLASS(CLASS_OF(obj))->super));
+#endif
+  sprintf(buf, "%sDimension:  %dx%d\n", buf, (int) m->size1, (int) m->size2);
+  sprintf(buf, "%sSize:       %d\n", buf, (int) (m->size1*m->size2));
+  return rb_str_new2(buf);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,any)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) vv;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v;
+  gsl_vector_int *vnew;
+  size_t j;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  vnew = gsl_vector_int_alloc(m->size2);
+  for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+    vv = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,column)(m, j);
+    v = &vv.vector;
+    if (FUNCTION(gsl_vector,isnull(v))) gsl_vector_int_set(vnew, j, 0);
+    else gsl_vector_int_set(vnew, j, 1);
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_int, 0, gsl_vector_int_free, vnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,all)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) vv;
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *v;
+  gsl_vector_int *vnew;
+  size_t i, j;
+  int flag = 0;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  vnew = gsl_vector_int_alloc(m->size2);
+  for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+    vv = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,column)(m, j);
+    v = &vv.vector;
+    /*    if (FUNCTION(gsl_vector,isnull(v))) gsl_vector_int_set(vnew, j, 0);
+	  else gsl_vector_int_set(vnew, j, 1);*/
+    for (i = 0; i < v->size; i++) {
+      if (FUNCTION(gsl_vector,get)(v, i) == (BASE) 0) {
+	gsl_vector_int_set(vnew, j, 0);
+	flag = 0;
+	break;
+      } else {
+	flag = 1;
+      }
+    }
+    if (flag == 1) gsl_vector_int_set(vnew, j, 1);
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_int, 0, gsl_vector_int_free, vnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,rot90)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m, *mnew, *mtmp;
+  int p;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 0:
+    p = 1;
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    p = FIX2INT(argv[0])%4;
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0 or 1)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  switch (p) {
+  case 0:
+    mnew = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size1, m->size2);
+    //    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,memcpy(mnew, m));
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,memcpy)(mnew, m);
+    break;
+  case 1:
+  case -3:
+    mtmp = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size2, m->size1);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,transpose_memcpy(mtmp, m));
+    mnew = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size2, m->size1);
+    FUNCTION(mygsl_matrix,reverse_rows)(mnew, mtmp);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free)(mtmp);
+    break;
+  case 2:
+  case -2:
+    mtmp = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size1, m->size2);
+    FUNCTION(mygsl_matrix,reverse_rows)(mtmp,m);
+    mnew = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size1, m->size2);
+    FUNCTION(mygsl_matrix,reverse_columns)(mnew, mtmp);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free)(mtmp);
+    break;
+  case 3:
+  case -1:
+    mtmp = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size2, m->size1);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,transpose_memcpy(mtmp, m));
+    mnew = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size2, m->size1);
+    FUNCTION(mygsl_matrix,reverse_columns)(mnew, mtmp);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free)(mtmp);
+    break;
+  default:
+    return Qnil;
+    break;
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+void FUNCTION(mygsl_vector,diff)(GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *vdst,
+				 GSL_TYPE(gsl_vector) *vsrc, size_t n);
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,diff)(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m, *mnew;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) v1, v2;
+  size_t n, j;
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 0:
+    n = 1;
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    n = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0 or 1)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  if (n <= 0) return obj;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size1-n, m->size2);
+  if (m->size1 <= n) return obj;
+  for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+    v1 = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,column)(m, j);
+    v2 = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,column)(mnew, j);
+    FUNCTION(mygsl_vector,diff)(&v2.vector, &v1.vector, n);
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,test)(VALUE obj, int (*f)(const double))
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  gsl_matrix_int *mi;
+  size_t i, j;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  mi = gsl_matrix_int_alloc(m->size1, m->size2);
+  for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+      gsl_matrix_int_set(mi, i, j, (*f)(FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m, i, j)));
+    }
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix_int, 0, gsl_matrix_int_free, mi);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,isnan)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,test)(obj, gsl_isnan);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,isinf)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,test)(obj, gsl_isinf);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,finite)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,test)(obj, gsl_finite);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,sgn)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m, *mnew;
+  BASE x;
+  size_t i, j;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size1, m->size2);
+  for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+      x = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m, i, j);
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(mnew, i, j, (BASE)(x>0 ? 1 : (x<0 ? -1 : 0)));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,abs)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m, *mnew;
+  size_t i, j;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size1, m->size2);
+  for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < m->size2; j++) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(mnew, i, j, (BASE) fabs(FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m, i, j)));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,horzcat)(VALUE obj, VALUE mm2)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m, *m2, *mnew;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) v;
+  size_t j, k;
+  CHECK_MAT(mm2);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  Data_Get_Struct(mm2, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m2);
+  if (m->size1 != m2->size1) 
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Different number of rows (%d and %d).",
+	     (int) m->size1, (int) m2->size1);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size1, m->size2 + m2->size2);
+  for (j = 0, k = 0; j < m->size2; j++, k++) {
+    v = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,column)(m, j);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set_col)(mnew, k, &v.vector);
+  }
+  for (j = 0; j < m2->size2; j++, k++) {
+    v = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,column)(m2, j);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set_col)(mnew, k, &v.vector);
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,horzcat_singleton)(VALUE klass, VALUE mm, VALUE mm2)
+{
+  CHECK_MAT(mm);
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,horzcat)(mm, mm2);
+}
+
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,vertcat)(VALUE obj, VALUE mm2)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m, *m2, *mnew;
+  QUALIFIED_VIEW(gsl_vector,view) v;
+  size_t i, k;
+  CHECK_MAT(mm2);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  Data_Get_Struct(mm2, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m2);
+  if (m->size2 != m2->size2) 
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Different number of columns (%d and %d).",
+	     (int) m->size2, (int) m2->size2);
+  mnew = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size1 + m2->size1, m->size2);
+  for (i = 0, k = 0; i < m->size1; i++, k++) {
+    v = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,row)(m, i);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set_row)(mnew, k, &v.vector);
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < m2->size1; i++, k++) {
+    v = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,row)(m2, i);
+    FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set_row)(mnew, k, &v.vector);
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,vertcat_singleton)(VALUE klass, VALUE mm, VALUE mm2)
+{
+  CHECK_MAT(mm);
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,vertcat)(mm, mm2);
+}
+
+#ifdef GSL_1_9_LATER
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,property)(VALUE obj,
+  int (*f)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix)*)) {
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  return INT2FIX((*f)(m));  
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,property2)(VALUE obj,
+  int (*f)(const GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *)) {
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;  
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  if ((*f)(m)) return Qtrue;
+  else return Qfalse;
+}
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,ispos)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,property)(obj, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,ispos));
+}
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,ispos2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,property2)(obj, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,ispos));  
+}
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,isneg)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,property)(obj, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,isneg));  
+}
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,isneg2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,property2)(obj, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,isneg));  
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GSL_1_10_LATER
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,isnonneg)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,property)(obj, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,isnonneg));  
+}
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,isnonneg2)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,property2)(obj, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,isnonneg));  
+}
+#endif
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,symmetrize)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m, *mnew;
+  size_t i, j;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  if (m->size1 != m->size2)
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "symmetrize: not a square matrix.\n");
+  mnew = FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,alloc)(m->size1, m->size2);
+  for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+    for (j = i; j < m->size2; j++) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(mnew, i, j, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m, i, j));
+    }
+    for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(mnew, i, j, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m, j, i));
+    }
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), 0, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,free), mnew);
+}
+
+static VALUE FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,symmetrize_bang)(VALUE obj)
+{
+  GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix) *m;
+  size_t i, j;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, GSL_TYPE(gsl_matrix), m);
+  if (m->size1 != m->size2)
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "symmetrize: not a square matrix.\n");
+  for (i = 0; i < m->size1; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+      FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,set)(m, i, j, FUNCTION(gsl_matrix,get)(m, j, i));
+    }
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+void FUNCTION(Init_gsl_matrix,init)(VALUE module)
+{
+  /*  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "new", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,alloc), -1);*/
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "[]", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,alloc), -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "alloc", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,alloc), -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "calloc", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,calloc), 2);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "eye", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,eye), -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "ones", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,ones), -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "zeros", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,zeros), -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "diagonal", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,diagonal_singleton), -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "diag", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,diagonal_singleton), -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "identity", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,identity), 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "scalar", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,identity), 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "unit", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,identity), 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "I", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,identity), 1);
+
+  /*****/
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "size1", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,size1), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "size2", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,size2), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "shape", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,shape), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "size", "shape");
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "get", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,get), -1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "[]", "get");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "set", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,set), -1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "[]=", "set");
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "set_all", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,set_all), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "set_zero",  
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,set_zero), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "set_identity",  
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,set_identity), 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "print", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,print), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "inspect",  
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,inspect), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "to_s", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,to_s), 0);
+  
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "set_diagonal", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,set_diagonal), 1);
+  
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "get_row", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,get_row), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "get_column", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,get_col), 1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "get_col", "get_column");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "set_column", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,set_col), 2);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "set_col", "set_column");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "set_row", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,set_row), 2);
+  
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "clone", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,clone), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "duplicate", "clone");
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "dup", "clone");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "isnull", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,isnull), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "isnull?", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,isnull2), 0);
+  
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "memcpy", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,memcpy), 2);
+  
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "swap_rows", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,swap_rows), 2);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "swap_rows!",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,swap_rows_bang), 2);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "swap_columns",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,swap_columns), 2);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "swap_cols", "swap_columns");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "swap_columns!",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,swap_columns_bang), 2);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "swap_cols!", "swap_columns!");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "swap_rowcol", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,swap_rowcol), 2);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "swap_rowcol!", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,swap_rowcol_bang), 2);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "transpose_memcpy",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,transpose_memcpy), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "transpose", "transpose_memcpy");
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "trans", "transpose_memcpy");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "transpose!", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,transpose_bang), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "trans!", "transpose!");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "reverse_columns", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,reverse_columns), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "fliplr", "reverse_columns");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "reverse_columns!", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,reverse_columns_bang), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "reverse_rows", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,reverse_rows), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "flipud", "reverse_rows");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "reverse_rows!", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,reverse_rows_bang), 0);
+  /*****/
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "swap", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,swap), 2);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "max", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,max), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "min", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,min), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "minmax",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,minmax), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "max_index",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,max_index), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "min_index", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,min_index), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "minmax_index",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,minmax_index), 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "fwrite", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,fwrite), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "fread", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,fread), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "fprintf",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,fprintf), -1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "printf", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,printf), -1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "fscanf",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,fscanf), 1);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "trace", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,trace), 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "-@",  
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,uminus), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "+@",  
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,uplus), 0);
+
+
+/*****/
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "submatrix", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,submatrix), -1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "view", "submatrix");
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "row", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,row), 1);
+  /*  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "[]", "row");*/
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "column", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,column), 1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "col", "column");
+
+#ifdef GSL_1_10_LATER
+ rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "subrow", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,subrow), 3);
+ rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "subcolumn", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,subcolumn), 3);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "subcol", "subcolumn");		   
+#endif
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "diagonal", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,diagonal), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "diag", "diagonal");
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "subdiagonal", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,subdiagonal), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "superdiagonal", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,superdiagonal), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "vector_view", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,vector_view), 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "each_row", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,each_row), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "each_col",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,each_col), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "each_column", "each_col");
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "scale", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,scale), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "scale!",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,scale_bang), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "add_constant",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,add_constant), 1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "add_constant!", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,add_constant_bang), 1);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "equal?", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,equal), -1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "==", "equal?");
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "equal?", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,equal_singleton), -1);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "power", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,power), 1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "**", "power");
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "^", "power");
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "collect", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,collect), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "collect!", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,collect_bang), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "map", "collect");
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "map!", "collect!");
+#ifdef HAVE_TENSOR_TENSOR_H
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "to_tensor", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,to_tensor), 0);
+#endif
+
+  /*****/
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "to_a", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,to_a), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "to_v", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,to_v), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "to_vview", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,to_vview), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "data", "to_vview");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "norm",
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,norm), 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "upper", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,upper), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "lower", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,lower), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "block", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,block), 0);
+
+  /***** Special matrices *****/
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "pascal",
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,pascal1), 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "vandermonde", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,vandermonde), 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "vander",
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,vandermonde), 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "toeplitz", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,toeplitz), 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "circulant", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,circulant), 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "indgen",
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,indgen_singleton), -1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "indgen", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,indgen), -1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "indgen!", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,indgen_bang), -1);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "info", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,info), 0);
+#ifdef BASE_DOUBLE
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "hilbert", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,hilbert), 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "hilb", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,hilbert), 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "invhilbert", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,invhilbert), 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "invhilb", 
+			     FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,invhilbert), 1);
+#endif
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "any", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,any), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "all", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,all), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "rot90", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,rot90), -1);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "diff", 
+		   FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,diff), -1);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "isnan", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,isnan), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "isinf", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,isinf), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "finite", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,finite), 0);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "sgn", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,sgn), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "signum", "sgn");
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "abs", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,abs), 0);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "fabs", "abs");
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "horzcat", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,horzcat), 1);
+  rb_define_alias(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "cat", "horzcat");
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "horzcat", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,horzcat_singleton), 2);
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "vertcat", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,vertcat), 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "vertcat", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,vertcat_singleton), 2);
+
+#ifdef GSL_1_9_LATER
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "ispos", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,ispos), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "ispos?", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,ispos2), 0); 
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "isneg", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,isneg), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "isneg?", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,isneg2), 0);    
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GSL_1_10_LATER
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "isnonneg", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,isnonneg), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "isnonneg?", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,isnonneg2), 0);
+#endif
+
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "symmetrize", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,symmetrize), 0);
+  rb_define_method(GSL_TYPE(cgsl_matrix), "symmetrize!", FUNCTION(rb_gsl_matrix,symmetrize_bang), 0);
+}
+
+#undef NUMCONV
+#undef NUMCONV2
+#undef PRINTF_FORMAT
+#undef VEC_ROW_COL
+#undef VEC_P
+#undef C_TO_VALUE
+#undef C_TO_VALUE2
+#undef VEC_COL_P
+#undef VEC_ROW_P
+#undef CHECK_VEC
+#undef VEC_VIEW_P
+
+#undef MAT_ROW_COL
+#undef MAT_P
+#undef MAT_COL_P
+#undef MAT_ROW_P
+#undef CHECK_MAT
+#undef MAT_VIEW_P