gsl 1.12.108

data/ext/multimin_fsdf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+#ifdef HAVE_GSL_GSL_MULTIMIN_FSDF_H
+#include "rb_gsl.h"
+#include "gsl/gsl_multimin_fsdf.h"
+
+static VALUE cfsdf;
+#ifndef CHECK_MULTIMIN_FUNCTION_FSDF
+#define CHECK_MULTIMIN_FUNCTION_FSDF(x) if(CLASS_OF(x)!=cfsdf)\
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError,\
+      "wrong argument type %s (GSL::MultiMin::Function_fsdf expected)",\
+      rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(x)));
+#endif
+extern VALUE cgsl_multimin_function_fdf;
+
+static const gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_type* get_fsdfminimizer_type(VALUE t)
+{
+  char name[64];
+  switch (TYPE(t)) {
+  case T_STRING:
+    strcpy(name, STR2CSTR(t));
+    if (strcmp(name, "bundle") == 0 || strcmp(name, "bundle_method") == 0) 
+      return gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_bundle_method;
+    else
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s: unknown minimizer type", name);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "type is given by a String or a Fixnum");
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_alloc(VALUE klass, VALUE t, VALUE n)
+{
+  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
+  const gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_type *T;
+  T = get_fsdfminimizer_type(t);
+  gmf = gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_alloc(T, FIX2INT(n));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_free, gmf);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_set(VALUE obj, VALUE ff, VALUE xx, VALUE ss)
+{
+  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
+  gsl_multimin_function_fsdf *F = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *x;
+	size_t bundle_size;
+  int status;
+  CHECK_MULTIMIN_FUNCTION_FSDF(ff);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
+  Data_Get_Struct(ff, gsl_multimin_function_fsdf, F);
+  Data_Get_Vector(xx, x);
+	bundle_size = (size_t) FIX2INT(ss);
+  status = gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_set(gmf, F, x, bundle_size);
+  return INT2FIX(status);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_name(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
+  return rb_str_new2(gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_name(gmf));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_iterate(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
+  return INT2FIX(gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_iterate(gmf));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_x(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *x = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
+  x = gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_x(gmf);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view_ro, 0, NULL, x);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_subgradient(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *gradient = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
+  gradient = gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_subgradient(gmf);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view_ro, 0, NULL, gradient);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_minimum(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
+  double min;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
+  min = gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_minimum(gmf);
+  return rb_float_new(min);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_f(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
+  return rb_float_new(gmf->f);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_restart(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
+  return INT2FIX(gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_restart(gmf));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_test_gradient(VALUE obj, VALUE ea)
+{
+  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *g = NULL;
+  Need_Float(ea);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
+  g = gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer_subgradient(gmf);
+  return INT2FIX(gsl_multimin_test_gradient(g, NUM2DBL(ea)));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_test_convergence(VALUE obj, VALUE eps)
+{
+  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
+  return INT2FIX(gsl_multimin_test_convergence(gmf, NUM2DBL(eps)));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_eps(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer *gmf = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multimin_fsdfminimizer, gmf);
+  return rb_float_new(gmf->eps);
+}
+
+void Init_multimin_fsdf(VALUE module)
+{
+	VALUE cmin;
+	
+	cmin = rb_define_class_under(module, "FsdfMinimizer",  cGSL_Object);
+	cfsdf = rb_define_class_under(module, "Function_fsdf", cgsl_multimin_function_fdf);
+	
+	rb_define_singleton_method(cmin, "alloc", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_alloc, 2);
+  rb_define_method(cmin, "set", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_set, 3);
+  rb_define_method(cmin, "name", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_name, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cmin, "iterate", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_iterate, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cmin, "x", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_x, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cmin, "f", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_f, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cmin, "subgradient", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_subgradient, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cmin, "minimum", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_minimum, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cmin, "restart", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_restart, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cmin, "test_gradient", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_test_gradient, 1);
+  rb_define_method(cmin, "test_convergence", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_test_convergence, 1);  
+  rb_define_method(cmin, "eps", rb_gsl_fsdfminimizer_eps, 0);	
+}
+
+#endif

data/ext/multiroots.c

@@ -0,0 +1,955 @@
+/*
+  multiroots.c
+  Ruby/GSL: Ruby extension library for GSL (GNU Scientific Library)
+    (C) Copyright 2001-2006 by Yoshiki Tsunesada
+
+  Ruby/GSL is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
+  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
+*/
+#include "rb_gsl.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_common.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_array.h"
+#include "rb_gsl_function.h"
+#include <gsl/gsl_multiroots.h>
+
+#ifndef CHECK_MULTIROOT_FUNCTION
+#define CHECK_MULTIROOT_FUNCTION(x) if(CLASS_OF(x)!=cgsl_multiroot_function)\
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError,\
+      "wrong argument type %s (GSL::MultiRoot::Function expected)",\
+      rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(x)));
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CHECK_MULTIROOT_FUNCTION_FDF
+#define CHECK_MULTIROOT_FUNCTION_FDF(x) if(CLASS_OF(x)!=cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf)\
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError,\
+      "wrong argument type %s (GSL::MultiRoot::Function_fdf expected)",\
+      rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(x)));
+#endif
+
+static VALUE cgsl_multiroot_function;
+static VALUE cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf;
+
+enum {
+  GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_HYBRIDSJ,
+  GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_HYBRIDJ,
+  GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_NEWTON,
+  GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_GNEWTON,
+  GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_HYBRIDS,
+  GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_HYBRID,
+  GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_DNEWTON,
+  GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_BROYDEN,
+};
+
+static void gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_mark(gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *f);
+static void gsl_multiroot_function_mark(gsl_multiroot_function *f);
+static void gsl_multiroot_function_free(gsl_multiroot_function *f);
+static int rb_gsl_multiroot_function_f(const gsl_vector *x, void *p, gsl_vector *f);
+static void set_function(int i, VALUE *argv, gsl_multiroot_function *F);
+
+static void gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_free(gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *f);
+static int rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_f(const gsl_vector *x, void *p, 
+					   gsl_vector *f);
+static int rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_df(const gsl_vector *x, void *p, 
+					    gsl_matrix *J);
+static int rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_fdf(const gsl_vector *x, void *p, 
+					     gsl_vector *f, gsl_matrix *J);
+static void set_function_fdf(int i, VALUE *argv, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F);
+static const gsl_multiroot_fsolver_type* get_fsolver_type(VALUE t);
+static const gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_type* get_fdfsolver_type(VALUE t);
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_new(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_function *F = NULL;
+  VALUE ary;
+  size_t i;
+  F = ALLOC(gsl_multiroot_function);
+  F->f = &rb_gsl_multiroot_function_f;
+  ary = rb_ary_new2(2);
+  /*  (VALUE) F->params = ary;*/
+  F->params = (void *) ary;
+  if (rb_block_given_p()) rb_ary_store(ary, 0, RB_GSL_MAKE_PROC);
+  else rb_ary_store(ary, 0, Qnil);
+  rb_ary_store(ary, 1, Qnil);
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 0:
+    break;
+  case 1:
+    set_function(0, argv, F);
+    break;
+  case 2:
+  case 3:
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) set_function(i, argv, F);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments");
+    break;
+  }
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, gsl_multiroot_function_mark, gsl_multiroot_function_free, F);
+}
+
+static void gsl_multiroot_function_free(gsl_multiroot_function *f)
+{
+  free((gsl_multiroot_function *) f);
+}
+
+static void gsl_multiroot_function_mark(gsl_multiroot_function *f)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  rb_gc_mark((VALUE) f->params);
+  //  for (i = 0; i < RARRAY(f->params)->len; i++) 
+  for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(f->params); i++) 
+    rb_gc_mark(rb_ary_entry((VALUE) f->params, i));
+}
+
+static int rb_gsl_multiroot_function_f(const gsl_vector *x, void *p, gsl_vector *f)
+{
+  VALUE vx, vf;
+  VALUE vp, proc;
+  vx = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, NULL, (gsl_vector *) x);
+  vf = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, NULL, f);
+  proc = rb_ary_entry((VALUE) p, 0);
+  vp = rb_ary_entry((VALUE) p, 1);
+  if (NIL_P(vp)) rb_funcall(proc, RBGSL_ID_call, 2, vx, vf);
+  else rb_funcall(proc, RBGSL_ID_call, 3, vx, vp, vf);
+  return GSL_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_eval(VALUE obj, VALUE vx)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_function *F = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *f = NULL;
+  VALUE vp, proc, vf, ary;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function, F);
+  ary = (VALUE) F->params;
+  f = gsl_vector_alloc(F->n);
+  vf = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, f);
+  proc = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
+  vp = rb_ary_entry(ary, 1);
+  if (NIL_P(vp)) rb_funcall(proc, RBGSL_ID_call, 2, vx, vf);
+  else rb_funcall(proc, RBGSL_ID_call, 3, vx, vp, vf);
+  return vf;
+}
+
+static void set_function(int i, VALUE *argv, gsl_multiroot_function *F)
+{
+  VALUE ary;
+  ary = (VALUE) F->params;
+  if (TYPE(argv[i]) == T_FIXNUM) F->n = FIX2INT(argv[i]);
+  else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[i], rb_cProc)) 
+    rb_ary_store(ary, 0, argv[i]);
+  else if (TYPE(argv[i]) == T_ARRAY || rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[i], cgsl_vector)
+		|| TYPE(argv[i]) == T_FIXNUM || TYPE(argv[i]) == T_FLOAT) {
+    rb_ary_store(ary, 1, argv[i]);
+  } else {
+    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong type of argument %d (Fixnum or Proc)", i);
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_set_f(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_function *F = NULL;
+  VALUE ary;
+  size_t i;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function, F);
+  ary = (VALUE) F->params;
+  if (rb_block_given_p()) rb_ary_store(ary, 0, RB_GSL_MAKE_PROC);
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 1:
+    set_function(0, argv, F);
+    break;
+  case 2:
+  case 3:
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) set_function(i, argv, F);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments");
+    break;
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_set_params(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_function *F = NULL;
+  VALUE ary, ary2;
+  size_t i;
+  if (argc == 0) return obj;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function, F);
+  if (F->params == NULL) {
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(4);
+    /*    (VALUE) F->params = ary;*/
+    F->params = (void *) ary;
+  } else {
+    ary = (VALUE) F->params;
+  }
+  if (argc == 1) rb_ary_store(ary, 1, argv[0]);
+  else {
+    ary2 = rb_ary_new2(argc);
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) rb_ary_store(ary2, i, argv[i]);
+    rb_ary_store(ary, 1, ary2);
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_params(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_function *F = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function, F);
+  return rb_ary_entry((VALUE) F->params, 1);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_n(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_function *F = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function, F);
+  return INT2FIX(F->n);
+}
+
+/*** multiroot_function_fdf ***/
+static void set_function_fdf(int argc, VALUE *argv, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F);
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_new(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F = NULL;
+  VALUE ary;
+  F = ALLOC(gsl_multiroot_function_fdf);
+  F->f = &rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_f;
+  F->df = &rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_df;
+  F->fdf = &rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_fdf;
+  ary = rb_ary_new2(4);
+  /*  (VALUE) F->params = ary;*/
+  F->params = (void *) ary;
+  rb_ary_store(ary, 2, Qnil);
+  rb_ary_store(ary, 3, Qnil);
+  set_function_fdf(argc, argv, F);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_mark, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_free, F);
+}
+
+static void gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_free(gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *f)
+{
+  free((gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *) f);
+}
+
+static void gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_mark(gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *f)
+{
+  size_t i;
+  rb_gc_mark((VALUE) f->params);
+  //  for (i = 0; i < RARRAY(f->params)->len; i++) 
+  for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(f->params); i++) 
+    rb_gc_mark(rb_ary_entry((VALUE) f->params, i));
+}
+
+static void set_function_fdf(int argc, VALUE *argv, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F)
+{
+  VALUE ary;
+  if (F->params == NULL) {
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(4);
+    /*    (VALUE) F->params = ary;*/
+    F->params = (void *) ary;
+  } else {
+    ary = (VALUE) F->params;
+  }
+  rb_ary_store(ary, 2, Qnil);
+  rb_ary_store(ary, 3, Qnil);
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 1:
+    if (TYPE(argv[0]) != T_FIXNUM) rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Fixnum expected");
+    F->n = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    rb_ary_store(ary, 0, argv[0]);
+    rb_ary_store(ary, 1, argv[1]);
+    rb_ary_store(ary, 2, Qnil);
+    break;
+  case 3:
+    rb_ary_store(ary, 0, argv[0]);
+    rb_ary_store(ary, 1, argv[1]);
+    if (TYPE(argv[2]) == T_FIXNUM) {
+      F->n = FIX2INT(argv[2]);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, 2, Qnil);
+    } else {
+      rb_ary_store(ary, 2, argv[2]);
+    }
+    break;
+  case 4:
+    rb_ary_store(ary, 0, argv[0]);
+    rb_ary_store(ary, 1, argv[1]);
+    if (TYPE(argv[2]) == T_FIXNUM) {
+      F->n = FIX2INT(argv[2]);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, 2, Qnil);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, 3, argv[3]);
+    } else {
+      rb_ary_store(ary, 2, argv[2]);
+      F->n = FIX2INT(argv[3]);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, 3, Qnil);
+    }
+    break;
+  case 5:
+    if (TYPE(argv[0]) == T_FIXNUM) {
+      F->n = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, 0, argv[1]);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, 1, argv[2]);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, 2, argv[3]);
+    } else {
+      rb_ary_store(ary, 0, argv[0]);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, 1, argv[1]);
+      rb_ary_store(ary, 2, argv[2]);
+      F->n = FIX2INT(argv[3]);
+    }
+    rb_ary_store(ary, 3, argv[4]);
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (1, 3, or 4)");
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_set_params(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F = NULL;
+  VALUE ary, ary2;
+  size_t i;
+  if (argc == 0) return obj;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf, F);
+  if (F->params == NULL) {
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(4);
+    /*    (VALUE) F->params = ary;*/
+    F->params = (void *) ary;
+  } else {
+    ary = (VALUE) F->params;
+  }
+  if (argc == 1) rb_ary_store(ary, 3, argv[0]);
+  else {
+    ary2 = rb_ary_new2(argc);
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) rb_ary_store(ary2, i, argv[i]);
+    rb_ary_store(ary, 3, ary2);
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_set(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf, F);
+  set_function_fdf(argc, argv, F);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+static int rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_f(const gsl_vector *x, void *p, 
+					   gsl_vector *f)
+{
+  VALUE vx, vf, ary;
+  VALUE proc, vp;
+  vx = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, NULL, (gsl_vector *) x);
+  vf = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, NULL, f);
+  ary = (VALUE) p;
+  proc = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
+  vp = rb_ary_entry(ary, 3);
+  if (NIL_P(vp)) rb_funcall(proc, RBGSL_ID_call, 2, vx, vf);
+  else rb_funcall(proc, RBGSL_ID_call, 3, vx, vp, vf);
+  return GSL_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_df(const gsl_vector *x, void *p, 
+					    gsl_matrix *J)
+{
+  VALUE vx, vJ, ary;
+  VALUE proc, vp;
+  vx = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, NULL, (gsl_vector *) x);
+  vJ = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, NULL, J);
+  ary = (VALUE) p;
+  proc = rb_ary_entry(ary, 1);
+  vp = rb_ary_entry(ary, 3);
+  if (NIL_P(vp)) rb_funcall(proc, RBGSL_ID_call, 2, vx, vJ);
+  else rb_funcall(proc, RBGSL_ID_call, 3, vx, vp, vJ);
+  return GSL_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_fdf(const gsl_vector *x, void *p, 
+					     gsl_vector *f, gsl_matrix *J)
+{
+  VALUE vx, vf, vJ, ary;
+  VALUE proc_f, proc_df, proc_fdf, vp;
+  vx = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, NULL, (gsl_vector *) x);
+  vf = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, NULL, f);
+  vJ = Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, NULL, J);
+  ary = (VALUE) p;
+  proc_f = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
+  proc_df = rb_ary_entry(ary, 1);
+  proc_fdf = rb_ary_entry(ary, 2);
+  vp = rb_ary_entry(ary, 3);
+  if (NIL_P(proc_fdf)) {
+    if (NIL_P(vp)) {
+      rb_funcall(proc_f, RBGSL_ID_call, 2, vx, vf);
+      rb_funcall(proc_df, RBGSL_ID_call, 2, vx, vJ);
+    } else {
+      rb_funcall(proc_f, RBGSL_ID_call, 3, vx, vp, vf);
+      rb_funcall(proc_df, RBGSL_ID_call, 3, vx, vp, vJ);
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (NIL_P(vp)) rb_funcall(proc_fdf, RBGSL_ID_call, 3, vx,  vf, vJ);
+    else rb_funcall(proc_fdf, RBGSL_ID_call, 4, vx, vp, vf, vJ);
+  }
+  return GSL_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_params(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf, F);
+  return rb_ary_entry((VALUE) F->params, 3);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_n(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf, F);
+  return INT2FIX(F->n);
+}
+
+/**********/
+
+static void multiroot_define_const(VALUE klass1, VALUE klass2);
+static void multiroot_define_const(VALUE klass1, VALUE klass2)
+{
+  rb_define_const(klass1, "HYBRIDSJ", INT2FIX(GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_HYBRIDSJ));
+  rb_define_const(klass1, "HYBRIDJ", INT2FIX(GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_HYBRIDJ));
+  rb_define_const(klass1, "NEWTON", INT2FIX(GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_NEWTON));
+  rb_define_const(klass1, "GNEWTON", INT2FIX(GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_GNEWTON));
+
+  rb_define_const(klass2, "HYBRIDS", INT2FIX(GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_HYBRIDS));
+  rb_define_const(klass2, "HYBRID", INT2FIX(GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_HYBRID));
+  rb_define_const(klass2, "DNEWTON", INT2FIX(GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_DNEWTON));
+  rb_define_const(klass2, "BROYDEN", INT2FIX(GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_BROYDEN));
+}
+
+#include <string.h>
+static const gsl_multiroot_fsolver_type* get_fsolver_type(VALUE t)
+{
+  char name[32];
+  switch (TYPE(t)) {
+  case T_STRING:
+    strcpy(name,STR2CSTR(t));
+    if (str_tail_grep(name, "hybrids") == 0) return gsl_multiroot_fsolver_hybrids;
+    else if (str_tail_grep(name, "hybrid") == 0) return gsl_multiroot_fsolver_hybrid;
+    else if (str_tail_grep(name, "dnewton") == 0) return gsl_multiroot_fsolver_dnewton;
+    else if (str_tail_grep(name, "broyden") == 0) return gsl_multiroot_fsolver_broyden;
+    else rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s: unknown algorithm", name);
+    break;
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+    switch (FIX2INT(t)) {
+    case GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_HYBRIDS: return gsl_multiroot_fsolver_hybrids; break;
+    case GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_HYBRID: return gsl_multiroot_fsolver_hybrid; break;
+    case GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_DNEWTON: return gsl_multiroot_fsolver_dnewton; break;
+    case GSL_MULTIROOT_FSOLVER_BROYDEN: return gsl_multiroot_fsolver_broyden; break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%d: unknown algorithm", FIX2INT(t));
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong type argument (Fixnum or String expected)");
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+static const gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_type* get_fdfsolver_type(VALUE t)
+{
+  char name[32];
+  switch (TYPE(t)) {
+  case T_STRING:
+    strcpy(name,STR2CSTR(t));
+    if (str_tail_grep(name, "hybridsj") == 0) return gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_hybridsj;
+    else if (str_tail_grep(name, "hybridj") == 0) return gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_hybridj;
+    else if (str_tail_grep(name, "gnewton") == 0) return gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_gnewton;
+    else if (str_tail_grep(name, "newton") == 0) return gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_newton;
+    else rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s: unknown algorithm", name);
+    break;
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+    switch (FIX2INT(t)) {
+    case GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_HYBRIDSJ: return gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_hybridsj; break;
+    case GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_HYBRIDJ: return gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_hybridj; break;
+    case GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_NEWTON: return gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_newton; break;
+    case GSL_MULTIROOT_FDFSOLVER_GNEWTON: return gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_gnewton; break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%d: unknown algorithm", FIX2INT(t));
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong type argument (Fixnum or String expected)");
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_new(VALUE klass, VALUE t, VALUE n)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  const gsl_multiroot_fsolver_type *T;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(n);
+  T = get_fsolver_type(t);
+  s = gsl_multiroot_fsolver_alloc(T, FIX2INT(n));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, gsl_multiroot_fsolver_free, s);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_set(VALUE obj, VALUE vf, VALUE vx)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  gsl_multiroot_function *f = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *x = NULL;
+  int flag = 0, status;
+  CHECK_MULTIROOT_FUNCTION(vf);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
+  Data_Get_Struct(vf, gsl_multiroot_function, f);
+  if (TYPE(vx) == T_ARRAY) {
+    x = gsl_vector_alloc(s->f->size);
+    cvector_set_from_rarray(x, vx);
+    flag = 1;
+  } else {
+    Data_Get_Vector(vx, x);
+  }
+  status = gsl_multiroot_fsolver_set(s, f, x);
+  if (flag == 1) gsl_vector_free(x);
+  return INT2FIX(status);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_name(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
+  return rb_str_new2(gsl_multiroot_fsolver_name(s));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_iterate(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
+  return INT2FIX(gsl_multiroot_fsolver_iterate(s));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_root(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view_ro, 0, NULL, gsl_multiroot_fsolver_root(s));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_x(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view_ro, 0, NULL, s->x);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_dx(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view_ro, 0, NULL, s->dx);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_f(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view_ro, 0, NULL, s->f);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_test_delta(VALUE obj, VALUE ea, VALUE er)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  Need_Float(ea); Need_Float(er);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
+  return INT2FIX(gsl_multiroot_test_delta(s->dx, s->x, NUM2DBL(ea), NUM2DBL(er)));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_test_residual(VALUE obj, VALUE ea)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  Need_Float(ea);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
+  return INT2FIX(gsl_multiroot_test_residual(s->f, NUM2DBL(ea)));
+}
+
+/***/
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_new(VALUE klass, VALUE t, VALUE n)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
+  const gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_type *T;
+  CHECK_FIXNUM(n);
+  T = get_fdfsolver_type(t);
+  s = gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_alloc(T, FIX2INT(n));
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_free, s);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_set(VALUE obj, VALUE vf, VALUE vx)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
+  gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *f = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *x = NULL;
+  int flag = 0, status;
+  CHECK_MULTIROOT_FUNCTION_FDF(vf);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, s);
+  Data_Get_Struct(vf, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf, f);
+  if (TYPE(vx) == T_ARRAY) {
+    x = gsl_vector_alloc(s->f->size);
+    cvector_set_from_rarray(x, vx);
+    flag = 1;
+  } else {
+    Data_Get_Vector(vx, x);
+  }
+  status = gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_set(s, f, x);
+  if (flag == 0) gsl_vector_free(x);
+  return INT2FIX(status);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_name(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, s);
+  return rb_str_new2(gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_name(s));
+}
+
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_iterate(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, s);
+  return INT2FIX(gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_iterate(s));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_root(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, s);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view_ro, 0, NULL, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_root(s));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_x(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, s);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view_ro, 0, NULL, s->x);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_dx(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, s);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view_ro, 0, NULL, s->dx);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_f(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, s);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector_view_ro, 0, NULL, s->f);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_J(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, s);
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix_view_ro, 0, NULL, s->J);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_test_delta(VALUE obj, VALUE ea, VALUE er)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
+  Need_Float(ea); Need_Float(er);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, s);
+  return INT2FIX(gsl_multiroot_test_delta(s->dx, s->x, NUM2DBL(ea), NUM2DBL(er)));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_test_residual(VALUE obj, VALUE ea)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver *s = NULL;
+  Need_Float(ea);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, s);
+  return INT2FIX(gsl_multiroot_test_residual(s->f, NUM2DBL(ea)));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_test_delta(VALUE obj, VALUE vdx, VALUE vx, 
+					 VALUE ea, VALUE er)
+{
+  gsl_vector *dx = NULL, *x = NULL;
+  Need_Float(ea); Need_Float(er);
+  Data_Get_Struct(vdx, gsl_vector, dx);
+  Data_Get_Struct(vx, gsl_vector, x);
+  return INT2FIX(gsl_multiroot_test_delta(dx, x, NUM2DBL(ea), NUM2DBL(er)));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_test_residual(VALUE obj, VALUE vf, VALUE ea)
+{
+  gsl_vector *f = NULL;
+  Need_Float(ea);
+  Data_Get_Struct(vf, gsl_vector, f);
+  return INT2FIX(gsl_multiroot_test_residual(f, NUM2DBL(ea)));
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_fsolve(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  int iter = 0, itmp = 0, i, status, max_iter = 1000;
+  double eps = 1e-7;
+  gsl_vector *xnew = NULL;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_MODULE:
+  case T_CLASS:
+  case T_OBJECT:
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
+    itmp = 1;
+    break;
+  default:
+    Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_fsolver, s);
+    itmp = 0;
+    break;
+  }
+  for (i = itmp; i < argc; i++) {
+    switch (argv[i]) {
+    case T_FIXNUM:
+      max_iter = FIX2INT(argv[i]);
+      break;
+    case T_FLOAT:
+      eps = NUM2DBL(argv[i]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong type of argument %s (Fixnum or Float expected)",
+	       rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[i])));
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  
+  do {
+    iter ++;
+    status = gsl_multiroot_fsolver_iterate (s);
+    if (status) break;
+    status = gsl_multiroot_test_residual(s->f, eps);
+  } while (status == GSL_CONTINUE && iter < max_iter);
+  xnew = gsl_vector_alloc(s->x->size);
+  gsl_vector_memcpy(xnew, gsl_multiroot_fsolver_root(s));
+  return rb_ary_new3(3, 
+		     Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, xnew),
+		     INT2FIX(iter), INT2FIX(status));
+}
+
+/* singleton */
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_fdjacobian(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_function *F = NULL, func;
+  gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *fdf = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *x = NULL, *f = NULL;
+  gsl_matrix *J = NULL;
+  double eps;
+  int status;
+  if (argc != 4 && argc != 5)
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 4 or 5)", argc);
+
+  if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[0], cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf)) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_multiroot_function_fdf, fdf);
+    func.f = fdf->f;
+    func.n = fdf->n;
+    func.params = fdf->params;
+    F = &func;
+  } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[0], cgsl_multiroot_function)) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[0], gsl_multiroot_function, F);
+  } else {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong argument type %s (MultiRoot::Function or MultiRoot::Function_fdf expected)", rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(argv[0])));
+  }
+
+  Need_Float(argv[3]);
+  Data_Get_Vector(argv[1], x);
+  Data_Get_Vector(argv[2], f);
+  eps = NUM2DBL(argv[3]);
+  if (argc == 4) {
+    J = gsl_matrix_alloc(F->n, F->n);
+    status = gsl_multiroot_fdjacobian(F, x, f, eps, J);
+    return rb_ary_new3(2, Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_matrix, 0, gsl_matrix_free, J),
+		       INT2FIX(status));
+  } else {
+    Data_Get_Struct(argv[4], gsl_matrix, J);
+    status = gsl_multiroot_fdjacobian(F, x, f, eps, J);
+    return rb_ary_new3(2, argv[4], INT2FIX(status));
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_get_f(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf, F);
+  return rb_ary_entry(((VALUE) F->params), 0);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_get_f(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf, F);
+  return rb_ary_entry(((VALUE) F->params), 0);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_get_df(VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_function_fdf *F = NULL;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function_fdf, F);
+  return rb_ary_entry(((VALUE) F->params), 1);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_gsl_multiroot_function_solve(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
+{
+  gsl_multiroot_function *F = NULL;
+  gsl_vector *x0 = NULL, *xnew;
+  int flag = 0;
+  double epsabs = 1e-7;
+  size_t max_iter = 10000, iter = 0, i;
+  gsl_multiroot_fsolver_type *T 
+    = (gsl_multiroot_fsolver_type *) gsl_multiroot_fsolver_hybrids;
+  gsl_multiroot_fsolver *s = NULL;
+  int status;
+  if (argc < 1) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too few arguments (%d for >= 1)", argc);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj, gsl_multiroot_function, F);
+  switch (argc) {
+  case 4:
+  case 3:
+  case 2:
+    for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+      switch (TYPE(argv[i])) {
+      case T_STRING:
+	T = (gsl_multiroot_fsolver_type *) get_fsolver_type(argv[i]);
+	break;
+      case T_FLOAT:
+	epsabs = NUM2DBL(argv[i]);
+	break;	
+      case T_FIXNUM:
+	max_iter = FIX2INT(argv[i]);
+	break;
+      }
+    }
+    /* no break */
+  case 1:
+    if (TYPE(argv[0]) == T_ARRAY) {
+      //      if (RARRAY(argv[0])->len != F->n)
+      if (RARRAY_LEN(argv[0]) != F->n)
+	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "array size are different.");
+      x0 = gsl_vector_alloc(F->n);
+      for (i = 0; i < x0->size; i++) 
+	gsl_vector_set(x0, i, NUM2DBL(rb_ary_entry(argv[0], i)));
+      flag = 1;
+    } else {
+      Data_Get_Vector(argv[0], x0);
+      flag = 0;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too many arguments (%d for 1 - 4)", argc);
+    break;
+  }
+  s = gsl_multiroot_fsolver_alloc (T, F->n);
+  gsl_multiroot_fsolver_set (s, F, x0);
+  do {
+    iter++;
+    status = gsl_multiroot_fsolver_iterate (s);
+    if (status) break;
+    status = gsl_multiroot_test_residual(s->f, epsabs);
+  } while (status == GSL_CONTINUE && iter < max_iter);
+  xnew = gsl_vector_alloc(x0->size);
+  gsl_vector_memcpy(xnew, s->x);
+  gsl_multiroot_fsolver_free (s);
+  if (flag == 1) gsl_vector_free(x0);
+  return rb_ary_new3(3, Data_Wrap_Struct(cgsl_vector, 0, gsl_vector_free, xnew),
+		     INT2FIX(iter), INT2FIX(status));
+}
+
+void Init_gsl_multiroot(VALUE module)
+{
+  VALUE mgsl_multiroot;
+  VALUE cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, cgsl_multiroot_fsolver;
+
+  mgsl_multiroot = rb_define_module_under(module, "MultiRoot");
+
+  rb_define_singleton_method(mgsl_multiroot, "test_delta", 
+			     rb_gsl_multiroot_test_delta, 4);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(mgsl_multiroot, "test_residual", 
+			     rb_gsl_multiroot_test_residual, 2);
+
+  rb_define_singleton_method(mgsl_multiroot, "fdjacobian", 
+			     rb_gsl_multiroot_fdjacobian, -1);
+
+  /* multiroot_function */
+  cgsl_multiroot_function = rb_define_class_under(mgsl_multiroot, "Function",
+						  cgsl_function);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_multiroot_function, "alloc",
+			     rb_gsl_multiroot_function_new, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function, "eval", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_eval, 1);
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_multiroot_function, "call", "eval");
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function, "set", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_set_f, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function, "set_params", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_set_params, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function, "params", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_params, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function, "n", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_n, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function, "f", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_get_f, 0);
+
+  /* multiroot_function_fdf */
+  cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf = rb_define_class_under(mgsl_multiroot, "Function_fdf",
+						  cgsl_multiroot_function);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf, "alloc",
+			     rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_new, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf, "set", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_set, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf, "set_params", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_set_params, -1);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf, "params", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_params, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf, "n", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_n, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf, "f", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_get_f, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function_fdf, "df", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_fdf_get_df, 0);
+
+  /* solver */
+  cgsl_multiroot_fsolver = rb_define_class_under(mgsl_multiroot, "FSolver", cGSL_Object);
+  cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver = rb_define_class_under(mgsl_multiroot, "FdfSolver", cgsl_multiroot_fsolver);
+
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "alloc", 
+			     rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_new, 2);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "alloc", 
+			     rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_new, 2);
+
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "set", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_set, 2);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "name", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_name, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "iterate", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_iterate, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "root", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_root, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "x", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_x, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "dx", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_dx, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "f", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_f, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "test_delta", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_test_delta, 2);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "test_residual", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_test_residual, 1);
+
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "set", rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_set, 2);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "name", rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_name, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "iterate", rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_iterate, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "root", rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_root, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "x", rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_x, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "dx", rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_dx, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "f", rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_f, 0);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "J", rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_J, 0);
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "jac", "J");
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "jacobian", "J");
+
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "test_delta", rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_test_delta, 2);
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, "test_residual", rb_gsl_multiroot_fdfsolver_test_residual, 1);
+
+
+  multiroot_define_const(cgsl_multiroot_fdfsolver, cgsl_multiroot_fsolver);  
+
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "fsolve", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_fsolve, -1);
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "solve", "fsolve");
+
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "fsolve", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_fsolve, -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cgsl_multiroot_fsolver, "solve", rb_gsl_multiroot_fsolver_fsolve, -1);
+
+  /*****/
+  rb_define_method(cgsl_multiroot_function, "solve", rb_gsl_multiroot_function_solve, -1);
+  rb_define_alias(cgsl_multiroot_function, "fsolve", "solve");
+}
+#ifdef CHECK_MULTIROOT_FUNCTION
+#undef CHECK_MULTIROOT_FUNCTION
+#endif
+#ifdef CHECK_MULTIROOT_FUNCTION_FDF
+#undef CHECK_MULTIROOT_FUNCTION_FDF
+#endif