entangledstate-isbn 1.4.0 → 1.4.1

data/src/jpeg-7/jchuff.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1612 @@
+/*
+ * jchuff.c
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1991-1997, Thomas G. Lane.
+ * Modified 2006-2009 by Guido Vollbeding.
+ * This file is part of the Independent JPEG Group's software.
+ * For conditions of distribution and use, see the accompanying README file.
+ *
+ * This file contains Huffman entropy encoding routines.
+ * Both sequential and progressive modes are supported in this single module.
+ *
+ * Much of the complexity here has to do with supporting output suspension.
+ * If the data destination module demands suspension, we want to be able to
+ * back up to the start of the current MCU.  To do this, we copy state
+ * variables into local working storage, and update them back to the
+ * permanent JPEG objects only upon successful completion of an MCU.
+ *
+ * We do not support output suspension for the progressive JPEG mode, since
+ * the library currently does not allow multiple-scan files to be written
+ * with output suspension.
+ */
+
+#define JPEG_INTERNALS
+#include "jinclude.h"
+#include "jpeglib.h"
+
+
+/* The legal range of a DCT coefficient is
+ *  -1024 .. +1023  for 8-bit data;
+ * -16384 .. +16383 for 12-bit data.
+ * Hence the magnitude should always fit in 10 or 14 bits respectively.
+ */
+
+#if BITS_IN_JSAMPLE == 8
+#define MAX_COEF_BITS 10
+#else
+#define MAX_COEF_BITS 14
+#endif
+
+/* Derived data constructed for each Huffman table */
+
+typedef struct {
+  unsigned int ehufco[256];	/* code for each symbol */
+  char ehufsi[256];		/* length of code for each symbol */
+  /* If no code has been allocated for a symbol S, ehufsi[S] contains 0 */
+} c_derived_tbl;
+
+
+/* Expanded entropy encoder object for Huffman encoding.
+ *
+ * The savable_state subrecord contains fields that change within an MCU,
+ * but must not be updated permanently until we complete the MCU.
+ */
+
+typedef struct {
+  INT32 put_buffer;		/* current bit-accumulation buffer */
+  int put_bits;			/* # of bits now in it */
+  int last_dc_val[MAX_COMPS_IN_SCAN]; /* last DC coef for each component */
+} savable_state;
+
+/* This macro is to work around compilers with missing or broken
+ * structure assignment.  You'll need to fix this code if you have
+ * such a compiler and you change MAX_COMPS_IN_SCAN.
+ */
+
+#ifndef NO_STRUCT_ASSIGN
+#define ASSIGN_STATE(dest,src)  ((dest) = (src))
+#else
+#if MAX_COMPS_IN_SCAN == 4
+#define ASSIGN_STATE(dest,src)  \
+	((dest).put_buffer = (src).put_buffer, \
+	 (dest).put_bits = (src).put_bits, \
+	 (dest).last_dc_val[0] = (src).last_dc_val[0], \
+	 (dest).last_dc_val[1] = (src).last_dc_val[1], \
+	 (dest).last_dc_val[2] = (src).last_dc_val[2], \
+	 (dest).last_dc_val[3] = (src).last_dc_val[3])
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+typedef struct {
+  struct jpeg_entropy_encoder pub; /* public fields */
+
+  savable_state saved;		/* Bit buffer & DC state at start of MCU */
+
+  /* These fields are NOT loaded into local working state. */
+  unsigned int restarts_to_go;	/* MCUs left in this restart interval */
+  int next_restart_num;		/* next restart number to write (0-7) */
+
+  /* Following four fields used only in sequential mode */
+
+  /* Pointers to derived tables (these workspaces have image lifespan) */
+  c_derived_tbl * dc_derived_tbls[NUM_HUFF_TBLS];
+  c_derived_tbl * ac_derived_tbls[NUM_HUFF_TBLS];
+
+  /* Statistics tables for optimization */
+  long * dc_count_ptrs[NUM_HUFF_TBLS];
+  long * ac_count_ptrs[NUM_HUFF_TBLS];
+
+  /* Following fields used only in progressive mode */
+
+  /* Mode flag: TRUE for optimization, FALSE for actual data output */
+  boolean gather_statistics;
+
+  /* next_output_byte/free_in_buffer are local copies of cinfo->dest fields.
+   */
+  JOCTET * next_output_byte;	/* => next byte to write in buffer */
+  size_t free_in_buffer;	/* # of byte spaces remaining in buffer */
+  j_compress_ptr cinfo;		/* link to cinfo (needed for dump_buffer) */
+
+  /* Coding status for AC components */
+  int ac_tbl_no;		/* the table number of the single component */
+  unsigned int EOBRUN;		/* run length of EOBs */
+  unsigned int BE;		/* # of buffered correction bits before MCU */
+  char * bit_buffer;		/* buffer for correction bits (1 per char) */
+  /* packing correction bits tightly would save some space but cost time... */
+
+  /* Pointers to derived tables (these workspaces have image lifespan).
+   * Since any one scan in progressive mode codes only DC or only AC,
+   * we only need one set of tables, not one for DC and one for AC.
+   */
+  c_derived_tbl * derived_tbls[NUM_HUFF_TBLS];
+
+  /* Statistics tables for optimization; again, one set is enough */
+  long * count_ptrs[NUM_HUFF_TBLS];
+} huff_entropy_encoder;
+
+typedef huff_entropy_encoder * huff_entropy_ptr;
+
+/* Working state while writing an MCU (sequential mode).
+ * This struct contains all the fields that are needed by subroutines.
+ */
+
+typedef struct {
+  JOCTET * next_output_byte;	/* => next byte to write in buffer */
+  size_t free_in_buffer;	/* # of byte spaces remaining in buffer */
+  savable_state cur;		/* Current bit buffer & DC state */
+  j_compress_ptr cinfo;		/* dump_buffer needs access to this */
+} working_state;
+
+/* MAX_CORR_BITS is the number of bits the AC refinement correction-bit
+ * buffer can hold.  Larger sizes may slightly improve compression, but
+ * 1000 is already well into the realm of overkill.
+ * The minimum safe size is 64 bits.
+ */
+
+#define MAX_CORR_BITS  1000	/* Max # of correction bits I can buffer */
+
+/* IRIGHT_SHIFT is like RIGHT_SHIFT, but works on int rather than INT32.
+ * We assume that int right shift is unsigned if INT32 right shift is,
+ * which should be safe.
+ */
+
+#ifdef RIGHT_SHIFT_IS_UNSIGNED
+#define ISHIFT_TEMPS	int ishift_temp;
+#define IRIGHT_SHIFT(x,shft)  \
+	((ishift_temp = (x)) < 0 ? \
+	 (ishift_temp >> (shft)) | ((~0) << (16-(shft))) : \
+	 (ishift_temp >> (shft)))
+#else
+#define ISHIFT_TEMPS
+#define IRIGHT_SHIFT(x,shft)	((x) >> (shft))
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+ * Compute the derived values for a Huffman table.
+ * This routine also performs some validation checks on the table.
+ */
+
+LOCAL(void)
+jpeg_make_c_derived_tbl (j_compress_ptr cinfo, boolean isDC, int tblno,
+			 c_derived_tbl ** pdtbl)
+{
+  JHUFF_TBL *htbl;
+  c_derived_tbl *dtbl;
+  int p, i, l, lastp, si, maxsymbol;
+  char huffsize[257];
+  unsigned int huffcode[257];
+  unsigned int code;
+
+  /* Note that huffsize[] and huffcode[] are filled in code-length order,
+   * paralleling the order of the symbols themselves in htbl->huffval[].
+   */
+
+  /* Find the input Huffman table */
+  if (tblno < 0 || tblno >= NUM_HUFF_TBLS)
+    ERREXIT1(cinfo, JERR_NO_HUFF_TABLE, tblno);
+  htbl =
+    isDC ? cinfo->dc_huff_tbl_ptrs[tblno] : cinfo->ac_huff_tbl_ptrs[tblno];
+  if (htbl == NULL)
+    ERREXIT1(cinfo, JERR_NO_HUFF_TABLE, tblno);
+
+  /* Allocate a workspace if we haven't already done so. */
+  if (*pdtbl == NULL)
+    *pdtbl = (c_derived_tbl *)
+      (*cinfo->mem->alloc_small) ((j_common_ptr) cinfo, JPOOL_IMAGE,
+				  SIZEOF(c_derived_tbl));
+  dtbl = *pdtbl;
+  
+  /* Figure C.1: make table of Huffman code length for each symbol */
+
+  p = 0;
+  for (l = 1; l <= 16; l++) {
+    i = (int) htbl->bits[l];
+    if (i < 0 || p + i > 256)	/* protect against table overrun */
+      ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_BAD_HUFF_TABLE);
+    while (i--)
+      huffsize[p++] = (char) l;
+  }
+  huffsize[p] = 0;
+  lastp = p;
+  
+  /* Figure C.2: generate the codes themselves */
+  /* We also validate that the counts represent a legal Huffman code tree. */
+
+  code = 0;
+  si = huffsize[0];
+  p = 0;
+  while (huffsize[p]) {
+    while (((int) huffsize[p]) == si) {
+      huffcode[p++] = code;
+      code++;
+    }
+    /* code is now 1 more than the last code used for codelength si; but
+     * it must still fit in si bits, since no code is allowed to be all ones.
+     */
+    if (((INT32) code) >= (((INT32) 1) << si))
+      ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_BAD_HUFF_TABLE);
+    code <<= 1;
+    si++;
+  }
+  
+  /* Figure C.3: generate encoding tables */
+  /* These are code and size indexed by symbol value */
+
+  /* Set all codeless symbols to have code length 0;
+   * this lets us detect duplicate VAL entries here, and later
+   * allows emit_bits to detect any attempt to emit such symbols.
+   */
+  MEMZERO(dtbl->ehufsi, SIZEOF(dtbl->ehufsi));
+
+  /* This is also a convenient place to check for out-of-range
+   * and duplicated VAL entries.  We allow 0..255 for AC symbols
+   * but only 0..15 for DC.  (We could constrain them further
+   * based on data depth and mode, but this seems enough.)
+   */
+  maxsymbol = isDC ? 15 : 255;
+
+  for (p = 0; p < lastp; p++) {
+    i = htbl->huffval[p];
+    if (i < 0 || i > maxsymbol || dtbl->ehufsi[i])
+      ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_BAD_HUFF_TABLE);
+    dtbl->ehufco[i] = huffcode[p];
+    dtbl->ehufsi[i] = huffsize[p];
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* Outputting bytes to the file.
+ * NB: these must be called only when actually outputting,
+ * that is, entropy->gather_statistics == FALSE.
+ */
+
+/* Emit a byte, taking 'action' if must suspend. */
+#define emit_byte_s(state,val,action)  \
+	{ *(state)->next_output_byte++ = (JOCTET) (val);  \
+	  if (--(state)->free_in_buffer == 0)  \
+	    if (! dump_buffer_s(state))  \
+	      { action; } }
+
+/* Emit a byte */
+#define emit_byte_e(entropy,val)  \
+	{ *(entropy)->next_output_byte++ = (JOCTET) (val);  \
+	  if (--(entropy)->free_in_buffer == 0)  \
+	    dump_buffer_e(entropy); }
+
+
+LOCAL(boolean)
+dump_buffer_s (working_state * state)
+/* Empty the output buffer; return TRUE if successful, FALSE if must suspend */
+{
+  struct jpeg_destination_mgr * dest = state->cinfo->dest;
+
+  if (! (*dest->empty_output_buffer) (state->cinfo))
+    return FALSE;
+  /* After a successful buffer dump, must reset buffer pointers */
+  state->next_output_byte = dest->next_output_byte;
+  state->free_in_buffer = dest->free_in_buffer;
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+
+LOCAL(void)
+dump_buffer_e (huff_entropy_ptr entropy)
+/* Empty the output buffer; we do not support suspension in this case. */
+{
+  struct jpeg_destination_mgr * dest = entropy->cinfo->dest;
+
+  if (! (*dest->empty_output_buffer) (entropy->cinfo))
+    ERREXIT(entropy->cinfo, JERR_CANT_SUSPEND);
+  /* After a successful buffer dump, must reset buffer pointers */
+  entropy->next_output_byte = dest->next_output_byte;
+  entropy->free_in_buffer = dest->free_in_buffer;
+}
+
+
+/* Outputting bits to the file */
+
+/* Only the right 24 bits of put_buffer are used; the valid bits are
+ * left-justified in this part.  At most 16 bits can be passed to emit_bits
+ * in one call, and we never retain more than 7 bits in put_buffer
+ * between calls, so 24 bits are sufficient.
+ */
+
+INLINE
+LOCAL(boolean)
+emit_bits_s (working_state * state, unsigned int code, int size)
+/* Emit some bits; return TRUE if successful, FALSE if must suspend */
+{
+  /* This routine is heavily used, so it's worth coding tightly. */
+  register INT32 put_buffer = (INT32) code;
+  register int put_bits = state->cur.put_bits;
+
+  /* if size is 0, caller used an invalid Huffman table entry */
+  if (size == 0)
+    ERREXIT(state->cinfo, JERR_HUFF_MISSING_CODE);
+
+  put_buffer &= (((INT32) 1)<<size) - 1; /* mask off any extra bits in code */
+  
+  put_bits += size;		/* new number of bits in buffer */
+  
+  put_buffer <<= 24 - put_bits; /* align incoming bits */
+
+  put_buffer |= state->cur.put_buffer; /* and merge with old buffer contents */
+  
+  while (put_bits >= 8) {
+    int c = (int) ((put_buffer >> 16) & 0xFF);
+    
+    emit_byte_s(state, c, return FALSE);
+    if (c == 0xFF) {		/* need to stuff a zero byte? */
+      emit_byte_s(state, 0, return FALSE);
+    }
+    put_buffer <<= 8;
+    put_bits -= 8;
+  }
+
+  state->cur.put_buffer = put_buffer; /* update state variables */
+  state->cur.put_bits = put_bits;
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+
+INLINE
+LOCAL(void)
+emit_bits_e (huff_entropy_ptr entropy, unsigned int code, int size)
+/* Emit some bits, unless we are in gather mode */
+{
+  /* This routine is heavily used, so it's worth coding tightly. */
+  register INT32 put_buffer = (INT32) code;
+  register int put_bits = entropy->saved.put_bits;
+
+  /* if size is 0, caller used an invalid Huffman table entry */
+  if (size == 0)
+    ERREXIT(entropy->cinfo, JERR_HUFF_MISSING_CODE);
+
+  if (entropy->gather_statistics)
+    return;			/* do nothing if we're only getting stats */
+
+  put_buffer &= (((INT32) 1)<<size) - 1; /* mask off any extra bits in code */
+  
+  put_bits += size;		/* new number of bits in buffer */
+
+  put_buffer <<= 24 - put_bits; /* align incoming bits */
+
+  /* and merge with old buffer contents */
+  put_buffer |= entropy->saved.put_buffer;
+
+  while (put_bits >= 8) {
+    int c = (int) ((put_buffer >> 16) & 0xFF);
+
+    emit_byte_e(entropy, c);
+    if (c == 0xFF) {		/* need to stuff a zero byte? */
+      emit_byte_e(entropy, 0);
+    }
+    put_buffer <<= 8;
+    put_bits -= 8;
+  }
+
+  entropy->saved.put_buffer = put_buffer; /* update variables */
+  entropy->saved.put_bits = put_bits;
+}
+
+
+LOCAL(boolean)
+flush_bits_s (working_state * state)
+{
+  if (! emit_bits_s(state, 0x7F, 7)) /* fill any partial byte with ones */
+    return FALSE;
+  state->cur.put_buffer = 0;	     /* and reset bit-buffer to empty */
+  state->cur.put_bits = 0;
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+
+LOCAL(void)
+flush_bits_e (huff_entropy_ptr entropy)
+{
+  emit_bits_e(entropy, 0x7F, 7); /* fill any partial byte with ones */
+  entropy->saved.put_buffer = 0; /* and reset bit-buffer to empty */
+  entropy->saved.put_bits = 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Emit (or just count) a Huffman symbol.
+ */
+
+INLINE
+LOCAL(void)
+emit_symbol (huff_entropy_ptr entropy, int tbl_no, int symbol)
+{
+  if (entropy->gather_statistics)
+    entropy->count_ptrs[tbl_no][symbol]++;
+  else {
+    c_derived_tbl * tbl = entropy->derived_tbls[tbl_no];
+    emit_bits_e(entropy, tbl->ehufco[symbol], tbl->ehufsi[symbol]);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Emit bits from a correction bit buffer.
+ */
+
+LOCAL(void)
+emit_buffered_bits (huff_entropy_ptr entropy, char * bufstart,
+		    unsigned int nbits)
+{
+  if (entropy->gather_statistics)
+    return;			/* no real work */
+
+  while (nbits > 0) {
+    emit_bits_e(entropy, (unsigned int) (*bufstart), 1);
+    bufstart++;
+    nbits--;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Emit any pending EOBRUN symbol.
+ */
+
+LOCAL(void)
+emit_eobrun (huff_entropy_ptr entropy)
+{
+  register int temp, nbits;
+
+  if (entropy->EOBRUN > 0) {	/* if there is any pending EOBRUN */
+    temp = entropy->EOBRUN;
+    nbits = 0;
+    while ((temp >>= 1))
+      nbits++;
+    /* safety check: shouldn't happen given limited correction-bit buffer */
+    if (nbits > 14)
+      ERREXIT(entropy->cinfo, JERR_HUFF_MISSING_CODE);
+
+    emit_symbol(entropy, entropy->ac_tbl_no, nbits << 4);
+    if (nbits)
+      emit_bits_e(entropy, entropy->EOBRUN, nbits);
+
+    entropy->EOBRUN = 0;
+
+    /* Emit any buffered correction bits */
+    emit_buffered_bits(entropy, entropy->bit_buffer, entropy->BE);
+    entropy->BE = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Emit a restart marker & resynchronize predictions.
+ */
+
+LOCAL(boolean)
+emit_restart_s (working_state * state, int restart_num)
+{
+  int ci;
+
+  if (! flush_bits_s(state))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  emit_byte_s(state, 0xFF, return FALSE);
+  emit_byte_s(state, JPEG_RST0 + restart_num, return FALSE);
+
+  /* Re-initialize DC predictions to 0 */
+  for (ci = 0; ci < state->cinfo->comps_in_scan; ci++)
+    state->cur.last_dc_val[ci] = 0;
+
+  /* The restart counter is not updated until we successfully write the MCU. */
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+
+LOCAL(void)
+emit_restart_e (huff_entropy_ptr entropy, int restart_num)
+{
+  int ci;
+
+  emit_eobrun(entropy);
+
+  if (! entropy->gather_statistics) {
+    flush_bits_e(entropy);
+    emit_byte_e(entropy, 0xFF);
+    emit_byte_e(entropy, JPEG_RST0 + restart_num);
+  }
+
+  if (entropy->cinfo->Ss == 0) {
+    /* Re-initialize DC predictions to 0 */
+    for (ci = 0; ci < entropy->cinfo->comps_in_scan; ci++)
+      entropy->saved.last_dc_val[ci] = 0;
+  } else {
+    /* Re-initialize all AC-related fields to 0 */
+    entropy->EOBRUN = 0;
+    entropy->BE = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * MCU encoding for DC initial scan (either spectral selection,
+ * or first pass of successive approximation).
+ */
+
+METHODDEF(boolean)
+encode_mcu_DC_first (j_compress_ptr cinfo, JBLOCKROW *MCU_data)
+{
+  huff_entropy_ptr entropy = (huff_entropy_ptr) cinfo->entropy;
+  register int temp, temp2;
+  register int nbits;
+  int blkn, ci;
+  int Al = cinfo->Al;
+  JBLOCKROW block;
+  jpeg_component_info * compptr;
+  ISHIFT_TEMPS
+
+  entropy->next_output_byte = cinfo->dest->next_output_byte;
+  entropy->free_in_buffer = cinfo->dest->free_in_buffer;
+
+  /* Emit restart marker if needed */
+  if (cinfo->restart_interval)
+    if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0)
+      emit_restart_e(entropy, entropy->next_restart_num);
+
+  /* Encode the MCU data blocks */
+  for (blkn = 0; blkn < cinfo->blocks_in_MCU; blkn++) {
+    block = MCU_data[blkn];
+    ci = cinfo->MCU_membership[blkn];
+    compptr = cinfo->cur_comp_info[ci];
+
+    /* Compute the DC value after the required point transform by Al.
+     * This is simply an arithmetic right shift.
+     */
+    temp2 = IRIGHT_SHIFT((int) ((*block)[0]), Al);
+
+    /* DC differences are figured on the point-transformed values. */
+    temp = temp2 - entropy->saved.last_dc_val[ci];
+    entropy->saved.last_dc_val[ci] = temp2;
+
+    /* Encode the DC coefficient difference per section G.1.2.1 */
+    temp2 = temp;
+    if (temp < 0) {
+      temp = -temp;		/* temp is abs value of input */
+      /* For a negative input, want temp2 = bitwise complement of abs(input) */
+      /* This code assumes we are on a two's complement machine */
+      temp2--;
+    }
+    
+    /* Find the number of bits needed for the magnitude of the coefficient */
+    nbits = 0;
+    while (temp) {
+      nbits++;
+      temp >>= 1;
+    }
+    /* Check for out-of-range coefficient values.
+     * Since we're encoding a difference, the range limit is twice as much.
+     */
+    if (nbits > MAX_COEF_BITS+1)
+      ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_BAD_DCT_COEF);
+    
+    /* Count/emit the Huffman-coded symbol for the number of bits */
+    emit_symbol(entropy, compptr->dc_tbl_no, nbits);
+    
+    /* Emit that number of bits of the value, if positive, */
+    /* or the complement of its magnitude, if negative. */
+    if (nbits)			/* emit_bits rejects calls with size 0 */
+      emit_bits_e(entropy, (unsigned int) temp2, nbits);
+  }
+
+  cinfo->dest->next_output_byte = entropy->next_output_byte;
+  cinfo->dest->free_in_buffer = entropy->free_in_buffer;
+
+  /* Update restart-interval state too */
+  if (cinfo->restart_interval) {
+    if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0) {
+      entropy->restarts_to_go = cinfo->restart_interval;
+      entropy->next_restart_num++;
+      entropy->next_restart_num &= 7;
+    }
+    entropy->restarts_to_go--;
+  }
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * MCU encoding for AC initial scan (either spectral selection,
+ * or first pass of successive approximation).
+ */
+
+METHODDEF(boolean)
+encode_mcu_AC_first (j_compress_ptr cinfo, JBLOCKROW *MCU_data)
+{
+  huff_entropy_ptr entropy = (huff_entropy_ptr) cinfo->entropy;
+  register int temp, temp2;
+  register int nbits;
+  register int r, k;
+  int Se = cinfo->Se;
+  int Al = cinfo->Al;
+  JBLOCKROW block;
+
+  entropy->next_output_byte = cinfo->dest->next_output_byte;
+  entropy->free_in_buffer = cinfo->dest->free_in_buffer;
+
+  /* Emit restart marker if needed */
+  if (cinfo->restart_interval)
+    if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0)
+      emit_restart_e(entropy, entropy->next_restart_num);
+
+  /* Encode the MCU data block */
+  block = MCU_data[0];
+
+  /* Encode the AC coefficients per section G.1.2.2, fig. G.3 */
+  
+  r = 0;			/* r = run length of zeros */
+   
+  for (k = cinfo->Ss; k <= Se; k++) {
+    if ((temp = (*block)[jpeg_natural_order[k]]) == 0) {
+      r++;
+      continue;
+    }
+    /* We must apply the point transform by Al.  For AC coefficients this
+     * is an integer division with rounding towards 0.  To do this portably
+     * in C, we shift after obtaining the absolute value; so the code is
+     * interwoven with finding the abs value (temp) and output bits (temp2).
+     */
+    if (temp < 0) {
+      temp = -temp;		/* temp is abs value of input */
+      temp >>= Al;		/* apply the point transform */
+      /* For a negative coef, want temp2 = bitwise complement of abs(coef) */
+      temp2 = ~temp;
+    } else {
+      temp >>= Al;		/* apply the point transform */
+      temp2 = temp;
+    }
+    /* Watch out for case that nonzero coef is zero after point transform */
+    if (temp == 0) {
+      r++;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    /* Emit any pending EOBRUN */
+    if (entropy->EOBRUN > 0)
+      emit_eobrun(entropy);
+    /* if run length > 15, must emit special run-length-16 codes (0xF0) */
+    while (r > 15) {
+      emit_symbol(entropy, entropy->ac_tbl_no, 0xF0);
+      r -= 16;
+    }
+
+    /* Find the number of bits needed for the magnitude of the coefficient */
+    nbits = 1;			/* there must be at least one 1 bit */
+    while ((temp >>= 1))
+      nbits++;
+    /* Check for out-of-range coefficient values */
+    if (nbits > MAX_COEF_BITS)
+      ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_BAD_DCT_COEF);
+
+    /* Count/emit Huffman symbol for run length / number of bits */
+    emit_symbol(entropy, entropy->ac_tbl_no, (r << 4) + nbits);
+
+    /* Emit that number of bits of the value, if positive, */
+    /* or the complement of its magnitude, if negative. */
+    emit_bits_e(entropy, (unsigned int) temp2, nbits);
+
+    r = 0;			/* reset zero run length */
+  }
+
+  if (r > 0) {			/* If there are trailing zeroes, */
+    entropy->EOBRUN++;		/* count an EOB */
+    if (entropy->EOBRUN == 0x7FFF)
+      emit_eobrun(entropy);	/* force it out to avoid overflow */
+  }
+
+  cinfo->dest->next_output_byte = entropy->next_output_byte;
+  cinfo->dest->free_in_buffer = entropy->free_in_buffer;
+
+  /* Update restart-interval state too */
+  if (cinfo->restart_interval) {
+    if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0) {
+      entropy->restarts_to_go = cinfo->restart_interval;
+      entropy->next_restart_num++;
+      entropy->next_restart_num &= 7;
+    }
+    entropy->restarts_to_go--;
+  }
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * MCU encoding for DC successive approximation refinement scan.
+ * Note: we assume such scans can be multi-component, although the spec
+ * is not very clear on the point.
+ */
+
+METHODDEF(boolean)
+encode_mcu_DC_refine (j_compress_ptr cinfo, JBLOCKROW *MCU_data)
+{
+  huff_entropy_ptr entropy = (huff_entropy_ptr) cinfo->entropy;
+  register int temp;
+  int blkn;
+  int Al = cinfo->Al;
+  JBLOCKROW block;
+
+  entropy->next_output_byte = cinfo->dest->next_output_byte;
+  entropy->free_in_buffer = cinfo->dest->free_in_buffer;
+
+  /* Emit restart marker if needed */
+  if (cinfo->restart_interval)
+    if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0)
+      emit_restart_e(entropy, entropy->next_restart_num);
+
+  /* Encode the MCU data blocks */
+  for (blkn = 0; blkn < cinfo->blocks_in_MCU; blkn++) {
+    block = MCU_data[blkn];
+
+    /* We simply emit the Al'th bit of the DC coefficient value. */
+    temp = (*block)[0];
+    emit_bits_e(entropy, (unsigned int) (temp >> Al), 1);
+  }
+
+  cinfo->dest->next_output_byte = entropy->next_output_byte;
+  cinfo->dest->free_in_buffer = entropy->free_in_buffer;
+
+  /* Update restart-interval state too */
+  if (cinfo->restart_interval) {
+    if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0) {
+      entropy->restarts_to_go = cinfo->restart_interval;
+      entropy->next_restart_num++;
+      entropy->next_restart_num &= 7;
+    }
+    entropy->restarts_to_go--;
+  }
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * MCU encoding for AC successive approximation refinement scan.
+ */
+
+METHODDEF(boolean)
+encode_mcu_AC_refine (j_compress_ptr cinfo, JBLOCKROW *MCU_data)
+{
+  huff_entropy_ptr entropy = (huff_entropy_ptr) cinfo->entropy;
+  register int temp;
+  register int r, k;
+  int EOB;
+  char *BR_buffer;
+  unsigned int BR;
+  int Se = cinfo->Se;
+  int Al = cinfo->Al;
+  JBLOCKROW block;
+  int absvalues[DCTSIZE2];
+
+  entropy->next_output_byte = cinfo->dest->next_output_byte;
+  entropy->free_in_buffer = cinfo->dest->free_in_buffer;
+
+  /* Emit restart marker if needed */
+  if (cinfo->restart_interval)
+    if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0)
+      emit_restart_e(entropy, entropy->next_restart_num);
+
+  /* Encode the MCU data block */
+  block = MCU_data[0];
+
+  /* It is convenient to make a pre-pass to determine the transformed
+   * coefficients' absolute values and the EOB position.
+   */
+  EOB = 0;
+  for (k = cinfo->Ss; k <= Se; k++) {
+    temp = (*block)[jpeg_natural_order[k]];
+    /* We must apply the point transform by Al.  For AC coefficients this
+     * is an integer division with rounding towards 0.  To do this portably
+     * in C, we shift after obtaining the absolute value.
+     */
+    if (temp < 0)
+      temp = -temp;		/* temp is abs value of input */
+    temp >>= Al;		/* apply the point transform */
+    absvalues[k] = temp;	/* save abs value for main pass */
+    if (temp == 1)
+      EOB = k;			/* EOB = index of last newly-nonzero coef */
+  }
+
+  /* Encode the AC coefficients per section G.1.2.3, fig. G.7 */
+  
+  r = 0;			/* r = run length of zeros */
+  BR = 0;			/* BR = count of buffered bits added now */
+  BR_buffer = entropy->bit_buffer + entropy->BE; /* Append bits to buffer */
+
+  for (k = cinfo->Ss; k <= Se; k++) {
+    if ((temp = absvalues[k]) == 0) {
+      r++;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    /* Emit any required ZRLs, but not if they can be folded into EOB */
+    while (r > 15 && k <= EOB) {
+      /* emit any pending EOBRUN and the BE correction bits */
+      emit_eobrun(entropy);
+      /* Emit ZRL */
+      emit_symbol(entropy, entropy->ac_tbl_no, 0xF0);
+      r -= 16;
+      /* Emit buffered correction bits that must be associated with ZRL */
+      emit_buffered_bits(entropy, BR_buffer, BR);
+      BR_buffer = entropy->bit_buffer; /* BE bits are gone now */
+      BR = 0;
+    }
+
+    /* If the coef was previously nonzero, it only needs a correction bit.
+     * NOTE: a straight translation of the spec's figure G.7 would suggest
+     * that we also need to test r > 15.  But if r > 15, we can only get here
+     * if k > EOB, which implies that this coefficient is not 1.
+     */
+    if (temp > 1) {
+      /* The correction bit is the next bit of the absolute value. */
+      BR_buffer[BR++] = (char) (temp & 1);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    /* Emit any pending EOBRUN and the BE correction bits */
+    emit_eobrun(entropy);
+
+    /* Count/emit Huffman symbol for run length / number of bits */
+    emit_symbol(entropy, entropy->ac_tbl_no, (r << 4) + 1);
+
+    /* Emit output bit for newly-nonzero coef */
+    temp = ((*block)[jpeg_natural_order[k]] < 0) ? 0 : 1;
+    emit_bits_e(entropy, (unsigned int) temp, 1);
+
+    /* Emit buffered correction bits that must be associated with this code */
+    emit_buffered_bits(entropy, BR_buffer, BR);
+    BR_buffer = entropy->bit_buffer; /* BE bits are gone now */
+    BR = 0;
+    r = 0;			/* reset zero run length */
+  }
+
+  if (r > 0 || BR > 0) {	/* If there are trailing zeroes, */
+    entropy->EOBRUN++;		/* count an EOB */
+    entropy->BE += BR;		/* concat my correction bits to older ones */
+    /* We force out the EOB if we risk either:
+     * 1. overflow of the EOB counter;
+     * 2. overflow of the correction bit buffer during the next MCU.
+     */
+    if (entropy->EOBRUN == 0x7FFF || entropy->BE > (MAX_CORR_BITS-DCTSIZE2+1))
+      emit_eobrun(entropy);
+  }
+
+  cinfo->dest->next_output_byte = entropy->next_output_byte;
+  cinfo->dest->free_in_buffer = entropy->free_in_buffer;
+
+  /* Update restart-interval state too */
+  if (cinfo->restart_interval) {
+    if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0) {
+      entropy->restarts_to_go = cinfo->restart_interval;
+      entropy->next_restart_num++;
+      entropy->next_restart_num &= 7;
+    }
+    entropy->restarts_to_go--;
+  }
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+
+/* Encode a single block's worth of coefficients */
+
+LOCAL(boolean)
+encode_one_block (working_state * state, JCOEFPTR block, int last_dc_val,
+		  c_derived_tbl *dctbl, c_derived_tbl *actbl)
+{
+  register int temp, temp2;
+  register int nbits;
+  register int k, r, i;
+
+  /* Encode the DC coefficient difference per section F.1.2.1 */
+
+  temp = temp2 = block[0] - last_dc_val;
+
+  if (temp < 0) {
+    temp = -temp;		/* temp is abs value of input */
+    /* For a negative input, want temp2 = bitwise complement of abs(input) */
+    /* This code assumes we are on a two's complement machine */
+    temp2--;
+  }
+
+  /* Find the number of bits needed for the magnitude of the coefficient */
+  nbits = 0;
+  while (temp) {
+    nbits++;
+    temp >>= 1;
+  }
+  /* Check for out-of-range coefficient values.
+   * Since we're encoding a difference, the range limit is twice as much.
+   */
+  if (nbits > MAX_COEF_BITS+1)
+    ERREXIT(state->cinfo, JERR_BAD_DCT_COEF);
+
+  /* Emit the Huffman-coded symbol for the number of bits */
+  if (! emit_bits_s(state, dctbl->ehufco[nbits], dctbl->ehufsi[nbits]))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  /* Emit that number of bits of the value, if positive, */
+  /* or the complement of its magnitude, if negative. */
+  if (nbits)			/* emit_bits rejects calls with size 0 */
+    if (! emit_bits_s(state, (unsigned int) temp2, nbits))
+      return FALSE;
+
+  /* Encode the AC coefficients per section F.1.2.2 */
+
+  r = 0;			/* r = run length of zeros */
+
+  for (k = 1; k < DCTSIZE2; k++) {
+    if ((temp = block[jpeg_natural_order[k]]) == 0) {
+      r++;
+    } else {
+      /* if run length > 15, must emit special run-length-16 codes (0xF0) */
+      while (r > 15) {
+	if (! emit_bits_s(state, actbl->ehufco[0xF0], actbl->ehufsi[0xF0]))
+	  return FALSE;
+	r -= 16;
+      }
+
+      temp2 = temp;
+      if (temp < 0) {
+	temp = -temp;		/* temp is abs value of input */
+	/* This code assumes we are on a two's complement machine */
+	temp2--;
+      }
+
+      /* Find the number of bits needed for the magnitude of the coefficient */
+      nbits = 1;		/* there must be at least one 1 bit */
+      while ((temp >>= 1))
+	nbits++;
+      /* Check for out-of-range coefficient values */
+      if (nbits > MAX_COEF_BITS)
+	ERREXIT(state->cinfo, JERR_BAD_DCT_COEF);
+
+      /* Emit Huffman symbol for run length / number of bits */
+      i = (r << 4) + nbits;
+      if (! emit_bits_s(state, actbl->ehufco[i], actbl->ehufsi[i]))
+	return FALSE;
+
+      /* Emit that number of bits of the value, if positive, */
+      /* or the complement of its magnitude, if negative. */
+      if (! emit_bits_s(state, (unsigned int) temp2, nbits))
+	return FALSE;
+
+      r = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* If the last coef(s) were zero, emit an end-of-block code */
+  if (r > 0)
+    if (! emit_bits_s(state, actbl->ehufco[0], actbl->ehufsi[0]))
+      return FALSE;
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Encode and output one MCU's worth of Huffman-compressed coefficients.
+ */
+
+METHODDEF(boolean)
+encode_mcu_huff (j_compress_ptr cinfo, JBLOCKROW *MCU_data)
+{
+  huff_entropy_ptr entropy = (huff_entropy_ptr) cinfo->entropy;
+  working_state state;
+  int blkn, ci;
+  jpeg_component_info * compptr;
+
+  /* Load up working state */
+  state.next_output_byte = cinfo->dest->next_output_byte;
+  state.free_in_buffer = cinfo->dest->free_in_buffer;
+  ASSIGN_STATE(state.cur, entropy->saved);
+  state.cinfo = cinfo;
+
+  /* Emit restart marker if needed */
+  if (cinfo->restart_interval) {
+    if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0)
+      if (! emit_restart_s(&state, entropy->next_restart_num))
+	return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  /* Encode the MCU data blocks */
+  for (blkn = 0; blkn < cinfo->blocks_in_MCU; blkn++) {
+    ci = cinfo->MCU_membership[blkn];
+    compptr = cinfo->cur_comp_info[ci];
+    if (! encode_one_block(&state,
+			   MCU_data[blkn][0], state.cur.last_dc_val[ci],
+			   entropy->dc_derived_tbls[compptr->dc_tbl_no],
+			   entropy->ac_derived_tbls[compptr->ac_tbl_no]))
+      return FALSE;
+    /* Update last_dc_val */
+    state.cur.last_dc_val[ci] = MCU_data[blkn][0][0];
+  }
+
+  /* Completed MCU, so update state */
+  cinfo->dest->next_output_byte = state.next_output_byte;
+  cinfo->dest->free_in_buffer = state.free_in_buffer;
+  ASSIGN_STATE(entropy->saved, state.cur);
+
+  /* Update restart-interval state too */
+  if (cinfo->restart_interval) {
+    if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0) {
+      entropy->restarts_to_go = cinfo->restart_interval;
+      entropy->next_restart_num++;
+      entropy->next_restart_num &= 7;
+    }
+    entropy->restarts_to_go--;
+  }
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Finish up at the end of a Huffman-compressed scan.
+ */
+
+METHODDEF(void)
+finish_pass_huff (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
+{
+  huff_entropy_ptr entropy = (huff_entropy_ptr) cinfo->entropy;
+  working_state state;
+
+  if (cinfo->progressive_mode) {
+    entropy->next_output_byte = cinfo->dest->next_output_byte;
+    entropy->free_in_buffer = cinfo->dest->free_in_buffer;
+
+    /* Flush out any buffered data */
+    emit_eobrun(entropy);
+    flush_bits_e(entropy);
+
+    cinfo->dest->next_output_byte = entropy->next_output_byte;
+    cinfo->dest->free_in_buffer = entropy->free_in_buffer;
+  } else {
+    /* Load up working state ... flush_bits needs it */
+    state.next_output_byte = cinfo->dest->next_output_byte;
+    state.free_in_buffer = cinfo->dest->free_in_buffer;
+    ASSIGN_STATE(state.cur, entropy->saved);
+    state.cinfo = cinfo;
+
+    /* Flush out the last data */
+    if (! flush_bits_s(&state))
+      ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_CANT_SUSPEND);
+
+    /* Update state */
+    cinfo->dest->next_output_byte = state.next_output_byte;
+    cinfo->dest->free_in_buffer = state.free_in_buffer;
+    ASSIGN_STATE(entropy->saved, state.cur);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Huffman coding optimization.
+ *
+ * We first scan the supplied data and count the number of uses of each symbol
+ * that is to be Huffman-coded. (This process MUST agree with the code above.)
+ * Then we build a Huffman coding tree for the observed counts.
+ * Symbols which are not needed at all for the particular image are not
+ * assigned any code, which saves space in the DHT marker as well as in
+ * the compressed data.
+ */
+
+
+/* Process a single block's worth of coefficients */
+
+LOCAL(void)
+htest_one_block (j_compress_ptr cinfo, JCOEFPTR block, int last_dc_val,
+		 long dc_counts[], long ac_counts[])
+{
+  register int temp;
+  register int nbits;
+  register int k, r;
+  
+  /* Encode the DC coefficient difference per section F.1.2.1 */
+  
+  temp = block[0] - last_dc_val;
+  if (temp < 0)
+    temp = -temp;
+  
+  /* Find the number of bits needed for the magnitude of the coefficient */
+  nbits = 0;
+  while (temp) {
+    nbits++;
+    temp >>= 1;
+  }
+  /* Check for out-of-range coefficient values.
+   * Since we're encoding a difference, the range limit is twice as much.
+   */
+  if (nbits > MAX_COEF_BITS+1)
+    ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_BAD_DCT_COEF);
+
+  /* Count the Huffman symbol for the number of bits */
+  dc_counts[nbits]++;
+  
+  /* Encode the AC coefficients per section F.1.2.2 */
+  
+  r = 0;			/* r = run length of zeros */
+  
+  for (k = 1; k < DCTSIZE2; k++) {
+    if ((temp = block[jpeg_natural_order[k]]) == 0) {
+      r++;
+    } else {
+      /* if run length > 15, must emit special run-length-16 codes (0xF0) */
+      while (r > 15) {
+	ac_counts[0xF0]++;
+	r -= 16;
+      }
+      
+      /* Find the number of bits needed for the magnitude of the coefficient */
+      if (temp < 0)
+	temp = -temp;
+      
+      /* Find the number of bits needed for the magnitude of the coefficient */
+      nbits = 1;		/* there must be at least one 1 bit */
+      while ((temp >>= 1))
+	nbits++;
+      /* Check for out-of-range coefficient values */
+      if (nbits > MAX_COEF_BITS)
+	ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_BAD_DCT_COEF);
+      
+      /* Count Huffman symbol for run length / number of bits */
+      ac_counts[(r << 4) + nbits]++;
+      
+      r = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* If the last coef(s) were zero, emit an end-of-block code */
+  if (r > 0)
+    ac_counts[0]++;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Trial-encode one MCU's worth of Huffman-compressed coefficients.
+ * No data is actually output, so no suspension return is possible.
+ */
+
+METHODDEF(boolean)
+encode_mcu_gather (j_compress_ptr cinfo, JBLOCKROW *MCU_data)
+{
+  huff_entropy_ptr entropy = (huff_entropy_ptr) cinfo->entropy;
+  int blkn, ci;
+  jpeg_component_info * compptr;
+
+  /* Take care of restart intervals if needed */
+  if (cinfo->restart_interval) {
+    if (entropy->restarts_to_go == 0) {
+      /* Re-initialize DC predictions to 0 */
+      for (ci = 0; ci < cinfo->comps_in_scan; ci++)
+	entropy->saved.last_dc_val[ci] = 0;
+      /* Update restart state */
+      entropy->restarts_to_go = cinfo->restart_interval;
+    }
+    entropy->restarts_to_go--;
+  }
+
+  for (blkn = 0; blkn < cinfo->blocks_in_MCU; blkn++) {
+    ci = cinfo->MCU_membership[blkn];
+    compptr = cinfo->cur_comp_info[ci];
+    htest_one_block(cinfo, MCU_data[blkn][0], entropy->saved.last_dc_val[ci],
+		    entropy->dc_count_ptrs[compptr->dc_tbl_no],
+		    entropy->ac_count_ptrs[compptr->ac_tbl_no]);
+    entropy->saved.last_dc_val[ci] = MCU_data[blkn][0][0];
+  }
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Generate the best Huffman code table for the given counts, fill htbl.
+ *
+ * The JPEG standard requires that no symbol be assigned a codeword of all
+ * one bits (so that padding bits added at the end of a compressed segment
+ * can't look like a valid code).  Because of the canonical ordering of
+ * codewords, this just means that there must be an unused slot in the
+ * longest codeword length category.  Section K.2 of the JPEG spec suggests
+ * reserving such a slot by pretending that symbol 256 is a valid symbol
+ * with count 1.  In theory that's not optimal; giving it count zero but
+ * including it in the symbol set anyway should give a better Huffman code.
+ * But the theoretically better code actually seems to come out worse in
+ * practice, because it produces more all-ones bytes (which incur stuffed
+ * zero bytes in the final file).  In any case the difference is tiny.
+ *
+ * The JPEG standard requires Huffman codes to be no more than 16 bits long.
+ * If some symbols have a very small but nonzero probability, the Huffman tree
+ * must be adjusted to meet the code length restriction.  We currently use
+ * the adjustment method suggested in JPEG section K.2.  This method is *not*
+ * optimal; it may not choose the best possible limited-length code.  But
+ * typically only very-low-frequency symbols will be given less-than-optimal
+ * lengths, so the code is almost optimal.  Experimental comparisons against
+ * an optimal limited-length-code algorithm indicate that the difference is
+ * microscopic --- usually less than a hundredth of a percent of total size.
+ * So the extra complexity of an optimal algorithm doesn't seem worthwhile.
+ */
+
+LOCAL(void)
+jpeg_gen_optimal_table (j_compress_ptr cinfo, JHUFF_TBL * htbl, long freq[])
+{
+#define MAX_CLEN 32		/* assumed maximum initial code length */
+  UINT8 bits[MAX_CLEN+1];	/* bits[k] = # of symbols with code length k */
+  int codesize[257];		/* codesize[k] = code length of symbol k */
+  int others[257];		/* next symbol in current branch of tree */
+  int c1, c2;
+  int p, i, j;
+  long v;
+
+  /* This algorithm is explained in section K.2 of the JPEG standard */
+
+  MEMZERO(bits, SIZEOF(bits));
+  MEMZERO(codesize, SIZEOF(codesize));
+  for (i = 0; i < 257; i++)
+    others[i] = -1;		/* init links to empty */
+  
+  freq[256] = 1;		/* make sure 256 has a nonzero count */
+  /* Including the pseudo-symbol 256 in the Huffman procedure guarantees
+   * that no real symbol is given code-value of all ones, because 256
+   * will be placed last in the largest codeword category.
+   */
+
+  /* Huffman's basic algorithm to assign optimal code lengths to symbols */
+
+  for (;;) {
+    /* Find the smallest nonzero frequency, set c1 = its symbol */
+    /* In case of ties, take the larger symbol number */
+    c1 = -1;
+    v = 1000000000L;
+    for (i = 0; i <= 256; i++) {
+      if (freq[i] && freq[i] <= v) {
+	v = freq[i];
+	c1 = i;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* Find the next smallest nonzero frequency, set c2 = its symbol */
+    /* In case of ties, take the larger symbol number */
+    c2 = -1;
+    v = 1000000000L;
+    for (i = 0; i <= 256; i++) {
+      if (freq[i] && freq[i] <= v && i != c1) {
+	v = freq[i];
+	c2 = i;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* Done if we've merged everything into one frequency */
+    if (c2 < 0)
+      break;
+    
+    /* Else merge the two counts/trees */
+    freq[c1] += freq[c2];
+    freq[c2] = 0;
+
+    /* Increment the codesize of everything in c1's tree branch */
+    codesize[c1]++;
+    while (others[c1] >= 0) {
+      c1 = others[c1];
+      codesize[c1]++;
+    }
+    
+    others[c1] = c2;		/* chain c2 onto c1's tree branch */
+    
+    /* Increment the codesize of everything in c2's tree branch */
+    codesize[c2]++;
+    while (others[c2] >= 0) {
+      c2 = others[c2];
+      codesize[c2]++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Now count the number of symbols of each code length */
+  for (i = 0; i <= 256; i++) {
+    if (codesize[i]) {
+      /* The JPEG standard seems to think that this can't happen, */
+      /* but I'm paranoid... */
+      if (codesize[i] > MAX_CLEN)
+	ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_HUFF_CLEN_OVERFLOW);
+
+      bits[codesize[i]]++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* JPEG doesn't allow symbols with code lengths over 16 bits, so if the pure
+   * Huffman procedure assigned any such lengths, we must adjust the coding.
+   * Here is what the JPEG spec says about how this next bit works:
+   * Since symbols are paired for the longest Huffman code, the symbols are
+   * removed from this length category two at a time.  The prefix for the pair
+   * (which is one bit shorter) is allocated to one of the pair; then,
+   * skipping the BITS entry for that prefix length, a code word from the next
+   * shortest nonzero BITS entry is converted into a prefix for two code words
+   * one bit longer.
+   */
+  
+  for (i = MAX_CLEN; i > 16; i--) {
+    while (bits[i] > 0) {
+      j = i - 2;		/* find length of new prefix to be used */
+      while (bits[j] == 0)
+	j--;
+      
+      bits[i] -= 2;		/* remove two symbols */
+      bits[i-1]++;		/* one goes in this length */
+      bits[j+1] += 2;		/* two new symbols in this length */
+      bits[j]--;		/* symbol of this length is now a prefix */
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Remove the count for the pseudo-symbol 256 from the largest codelength */
+  while (bits[i] == 0)		/* find largest codelength still in use */
+    i--;
+  bits[i]--;
+  
+  /* Return final symbol counts (only for lengths 0..16) */
+  MEMCOPY(htbl->bits, bits, SIZEOF(htbl->bits));
+  
+  /* Return a list of the symbols sorted by code length */
+  /* It's not real clear to me why we don't need to consider the codelength
+   * changes made above, but the JPEG spec seems to think this works.
+   */
+  p = 0;
+  for (i = 1; i <= MAX_CLEN; i++) {
+    for (j = 0; j <= 255; j++) {
+      if (codesize[j] == i) {
+	htbl->huffval[p] = (UINT8) j;
+	p++;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Set sent_table FALSE so updated table will be written to JPEG file. */
+  htbl->sent_table = FALSE;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Finish up a statistics-gathering pass and create the new Huffman tables.
+ */
+
+METHODDEF(void)
+finish_pass_gather (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
+{
+  huff_entropy_ptr entropy = (huff_entropy_ptr) cinfo->entropy;
+  int ci, dctbl, actbl, tbl;
+  jpeg_component_info * compptr;
+  JHUFF_TBL **htblptr;
+  boolean did_dc[NUM_HUFF_TBLS];
+  boolean did_ac[NUM_HUFF_TBLS];
+  boolean did[NUM_HUFF_TBLS];
+
+  /* It's important not to apply jpeg_gen_optimal_table more than once
+   * per table, because it clobbers the input frequency counts!
+   */
+  if (cinfo->progressive_mode) {
+    /* Flush out buffered data (all we care about is counting the EOB symbol) */
+    emit_eobrun(entropy);
+
+    MEMZERO(did, SIZEOF(did));
+
+    for (ci = 0; ci < cinfo->comps_in_scan; ci++) {
+      compptr = cinfo->cur_comp_info[ci];
+      if (cinfo->Ss == 0) {
+	if (cinfo->Ah != 0)	/* DC refinement needs no table */
+	  continue;
+	tbl = compptr->dc_tbl_no;
+      } else {
+	tbl = compptr->ac_tbl_no;
+      }
+      if (! did[tbl]) {
+	if (cinfo->Ss == 0)
+	  htblptr = & cinfo->dc_huff_tbl_ptrs[tbl];
+	else
+	  htblptr = & cinfo->ac_huff_tbl_ptrs[tbl];
+	if (*htblptr == NULL)
+	  *htblptr = jpeg_alloc_huff_table((j_common_ptr) cinfo);
+	jpeg_gen_optimal_table(cinfo, *htblptr, entropy->count_ptrs[tbl]);
+	did[tbl] = TRUE;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    MEMZERO(did_dc, SIZEOF(did_dc));
+    MEMZERO(did_ac, SIZEOF(did_ac));
+
+    for (ci = 0; ci < cinfo->comps_in_scan; ci++) {
+      compptr = cinfo->cur_comp_info[ci];
+      dctbl = compptr->dc_tbl_no;
+      actbl = compptr->ac_tbl_no;
+      if (! did_dc[dctbl]) {
+	htblptr = & cinfo->dc_huff_tbl_ptrs[dctbl];
+	if (*htblptr == NULL)
+	  *htblptr = jpeg_alloc_huff_table((j_common_ptr) cinfo);
+	jpeg_gen_optimal_table(cinfo, *htblptr, entropy->dc_count_ptrs[dctbl]);
+	did_dc[dctbl] = TRUE;
+      }
+      if (! did_ac[actbl]) {
+	htblptr = & cinfo->ac_huff_tbl_ptrs[actbl];
+	if (*htblptr == NULL)
+	  *htblptr = jpeg_alloc_huff_table((j_common_ptr) cinfo);
+	jpeg_gen_optimal_table(cinfo, *htblptr, entropy->ac_count_ptrs[actbl]);
+	did_ac[actbl] = TRUE;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Initialize for a Huffman-compressed scan.
+ * If gather_statistics is TRUE, we do not output anything during the scan,
+ * just count the Huffman symbols used and generate Huffman code tables.
+ */
+
+METHODDEF(void)
+start_pass_huff (j_compress_ptr cinfo, boolean gather_statistics)
+{
+  huff_entropy_ptr entropy = (huff_entropy_ptr) cinfo->entropy;
+  int ci, dctbl, actbl, tbl;
+  jpeg_component_info * compptr;
+
+  if (gather_statistics)
+    entropy->pub.finish_pass = finish_pass_gather;
+  else
+    entropy->pub.finish_pass = finish_pass_huff;
+
+  if (cinfo->progressive_mode) {
+    entropy->cinfo = cinfo;
+    entropy->gather_statistics = gather_statistics;
+
+    /* We assume jcmaster.c already validated the scan parameters. */
+
+    /* Select execution routine */
+    if (cinfo->Ah == 0) {
+      if (cinfo->Ss == 0)
+	entropy->pub.encode_mcu = encode_mcu_DC_first;
+      else
+	entropy->pub.encode_mcu = encode_mcu_AC_first;
+    } else {
+      if (cinfo->Ss == 0)
+	entropy->pub.encode_mcu = encode_mcu_DC_refine;
+      else {
+	entropy->pub.encode_mcu = encode_mcu_AC_refine;
+	/* AC refinement needs a correction bit buffer */
+	if (entropy->bit_buffer == NULL)
+	  entropy->bit_buffer = (char *)
+	    (*cinfo->mem->alloc_small) ((j_common_ptr) cinfo, JPOOL_IMAGE,
+					MAX_CORR_BITS * SIZEOF(char));
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* Only DC coefficients may be interleaved, so cinfo->comps_in_scan = 1
+     * for AC coefficients.
+     */
+    for (ci = 0; ci < cinfo->comps_in_scan; ci++) {
+      compptr = cinfo->cur_comp_info[ci];
+      /* Initialize DC predictions to 0 */
+      entropy->saved.last_dc_val[ci] = 0;
+      /* Get table index */
+      if (cinfo->Ss == 0) {
+	if (cinfo->Ah != 0)	/* DC refinement needs no table */
+	  continue;
+	tbl = compptr->dc_tbl_no;
+      } else {
+	entropy->ac_tbl_no = tbl = compptr->ac_tbl_no;
+      }
+      if (gather_statistics) {
+	/* Check for invalid table index */
+	/* (make_c_derived_tbl does this in the other path) */
+	if (tbl < 0 || tbl >= NUM_HUFF_TBLS)
+	  ERREXIT1(cinfo, JERR_NO_HUFF_TABLE, tbl);
+	/* Allocate and zero the statistics tables */
+	/* Note that jpeg_gen_optimal_table expects 257 entries in each table! */
+	if (entropy->count_ptrs[tbl] == NULL)
+	  entropy->count_ptrs[tbl] = (long *)
+	    (*cinfo->mem->alloc_small) ((j_common_ptr) cinfo, JPOOL_IMAGE,
+					257 * SIZEOF(long));
+	MEMZERO(entropy->count_ptrs[tbl], 257 * SIZEOF(long));
+      } else {
+	/* Compute derived values for Huffman table */
+	/* We may do this more than once for a table, but it's not expensive */
+	jpeg_make_c_derived_tbl(cinfo, cinfo->Ss == 0, tbl,
+				& entropy->derived_tbls[tbl]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* Initialize AC stuff */
+    entropy->EOBRUN = 0;
+    entropy->BE = 0;
+  } else {
+    if (gather_statistics)
+      entropy->pub.encode_mcu = encode_mcu_gather;
+    else
+      entropy->pub.encode_mcu = encode_mcu_huff;
+
+    for (ci = 0; ci < cinfo->comps_in_scan; ci++) {
+      compptr = cinfo->cur_comp_info[ci];
+      dctbl = compptr->dc_tbl_no;
+      actbl = compptr->ac_tbl_no;
+      if (gather_statistics) {
+	/* Check for invalid table indexes */
+	/* (make_c_derived_tbl does this in the other path) */
+	if (dctbl < 0 || dctbl >= NUM_HUFF_TBLS)
+	  ERREXIT1(cinfo, JERR_NO_HUFF_TABLE, dctbl);
+	if (actbl < 0 || actbl >= NUM_HUFF_TBLS)
+	  ERREXIT1(cinfo, JERR_NO_HUFF_TABLE, actbl);
+	/* Allocate and zero the statistics tables */
+	/* Note that jpeg_gen_optimal_table expects 257 entries in each table! */
+	if (entropy->dc_count_ptrs[dctbl] == NULL)
+	  entropy->dc_count_ptrs[dctbl] = (long *)
+	    (*cinfo->mem->alloc_small) ((j_common_ptr) cinfo, JPOOL_IMAGE,
+					257 * SIZEOF(long));
+	MEMZERO(entropy->dc_count_ptrs[dctbl], 257 * SIZEOF(long));
+	if (entropy->ac_count_ptrs[actbl] == NULL)
+	  entropy->ac_count_ptrs[actbl] = (long *)
+	    (*cinfo->mem->alloc_small) ((j_common_ptr) cinfo, JPOOL_IMAGE,
+					257 * SIZEOF(long));
+	MEMZERO(entropy->ac_count_ptrs[actbl], 257 * SIZEOF(long));
+      } else {
+	/* Compute derived values for Huffman tables */
+	/* We may do this more than once for a table, but it's not expensive */
+	jpeg_make_c_derived_tbl(cinfo, TRUE, dctbl,
+				& entropy->dc_derived_tbls[dctbl]);
+	jpeg_make_c_derived_tbl(cinfo, FALSE, actbl,
+				& entropy->ac_derived_tbls[actbl]);
+      }
+      /* Initialize DC predictions to 0 */
+      entropy->saved.last_dc_val[ci] = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Initialize bit buffer to empty */
+  entropy->saved.put_buffer = 0;
+  entropy->saved.put_bits = 0;
+
+  /* Initialize restart stuff */
+  entropy->restarts_to_go = cinfo->restart_interval;
+  entropy->next_restart_num = 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Module initialization routine for Huffman entropy encoding.
+ */
+
+GLOBAL(void)
+jinit_huff_encoder (j_compress_ptr cinfo)
+{
+  huff_entropy_ptr entropy;
+  int i;
+
+  entropy = (huff_entropy_ptr)
+    (*cinfo->mem->alloc_small) ((j_common_ptr) cinfo, JPOOL_IMAGE,
+				SIZEOF(huff_entropy_encoder));
+  cinfo->entropy = (struct jpeg_entropy_encoder *) entropy;
+  entropy->pub.start_pass = start_pass_huff;
+
+  if (cinfo->progressive_mode) {
+    /* Mark tables unallocated */
+    for (i = 0; i < NUM_HUFF_TBLS; i++) {
+      entropy->derived_tbls[i] = NULL;
+      entropy->count_ptrs[i] = NULL;
+    }
+    entropy->bit_buffer = NULL;	/* needed only in AC refinement scan */
+  } else {
+    /* Mark tables unallocated */
+    for (i = 0; i < NUM_HUFF_TBLS; i++) {
+      entropy->dc_derived_tbls[i] = entropy->ac_derived_tbls[i] = NULL;
+      entropy->dc_count_ptrs[i] = entropy->ac_count_ptrs[i] = NULL;
+    }
+  }
+}