entangledstate-isbn 1.4.0 → 1.4.1

data/src/gocr-0.48/src/pnm.c

@@ -0,0 +1,533 @@
+/*
+This is a Optical-Character-Recognition program
+Copyright (C) 2000-2009  Joerg Schulenburg
+
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
+
+ see README for EMAIL-address
+
+    v0.1.0 initial version (stdin added)
+    v0.2.0 popen added
+    v0.2.7 review by Bruno Barberi Gnecco
+    v0.39  autoconf
+    v0.41  fix integer and heap overflow, change color output
+    v0.46  fix blank spaces problem in filenames
+ */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
+/* #include <unistd.h> */
+#endif
+
+/* Windows needs extra code to work fine, ^Z in BMP's will stop input else.
+ * I do not have any idea when this text mode will be an advantage
+ * but the MS community seems to like to do simple things in a complex way. */
+#if defined(O_BINARY) && (defined(__WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__)\
+ || defined(__WIN64) || defined(__WIN64__) || defined(__MSDOS__))
+# include <fcntl.h>
+# define SET_BINARY(_f) do {if (!isatty(_f)) setmode (_f, O_BINARY);} while (0)
+#else
+# define SET_BINARY(f) (void)0
+#endif
+
+#include "pnm.h"
+#ifdef HAVE_PAM_H
+# include <pam.h>
+# include <sys/types.h>
+# include <sys/stat.h>
+# include <fcntl.h>
+#else
+# include <ctype.h>
+#endif
+
+#define EE()         fprintf(stderr,"\nERROR "__FILE__" L%d: ",__LINE__)
+#define E0(x0)       {EE();fprintf(stderr,x0 "\n");      }
+#define F0(x0)       {EE();fprintf(stderr,x0 "\n");      exit(1);}
+#define F1(x0,x1)    {EE();fprintf(stderr,x0 "\n",x1);   exit(1);}
+
+/*
+ * Weights to use for the different colours when converting a ppm
+ * to greyscale.  These weights should sum to 1.0
+ * 
+ * The below values have been chosen to reflect the fact that paper
+ * goes a reddish-yellow as it ages.
+ *
+ * v0.41: for better performance, we use integer instead of double
+ *        this integer value divided by 1024 (2^10) gives the factor 
+ */
+#define PPM_RED_WEIGHT   511  /* .499 */
+#define PPM_GREEN_WEIGHT 396  /* .387 */
+#define PPM_BLUE_WEIGHT  117  /* .114 */
+
+/*
+    feel free to expand this list of usable converting programs
+    Note 1: the last field must be NULL.
+    Note 2: "smaller" extensions must come later: ".pnm.gz" must come
+       before ".pnm".
+    calling external programs is a security risk
+    ToDo: for better security replace gzip by /usr/bin/gzip !
+ */
+char *xlist[]={
+  ".pnm.gz",	"gzip -cd",  /* compressed pnm-files, gzip package */
+  ".pbm.gz",	"gzip -cd",
+  ".pgm.gz",	"gzip -cd",
+  ".ppm.gz",	"gzip -cd",
+  ".pnm.bz2",	"bzip2 -cd",
+  ".pbm.bz2",	"bzip2 -cd",
+  ".pgm.bz2",	"bzip2 -cd",
+  ".ppm.bz2",	"bzip2 -cd",
+  ".jpg", 	"djpeg -gray -pnm",  /* JPG/JPEG, jpeg package */
+  ".jpeg",	"djpeg -gray -pnm",
+  ".gif",	"giftopnm -image=all",  /* GIF, netpbm package */
+  ".bmp",	"bmptoppm",
+  ".tiff",	"tifftopnm",
+  ".png",	"pngtopnm", /* Portable Network Graphics (PNG) format */
+  ".ps",	"pstopnm -stdout -portrait -pgm", /* postscript */
+  ".eps",	"pstopnm -stdout -portrait -pgm", /* encapsulated postscript */
+   /* gs -sDEVICE=pgmraw -sOutputFile=- -g609x235 -r141x141 -q -dNOPAUSE */
+  ".fig",	"fig2dev -L ppm -m 3", /* xfig files, transfig package */
+  NULL
+};
+
+/* return a pointer to command converting file to pnm or NULL */
+char *testsuffix(char *name){
+  int i; char *rr;
+
+  for(i = 0; xlist[i] != NULL; i += 2 ) {
+    if((rr=strstr(name, xlist[i])) != NULL)
+      if(strlen(rr)==strlen(xlist[i])) /* handle *.eps.pbm correct */
+        return xlist[i+1];
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+
+char read_char(FILE *f1){	// filter #-comments
+  char c;
+  int  m;
+  for(m=0;;){
+    c=fgetc(f1);
+    if( feof(f1)   )		E0("read feof");
+    if( ferror(f1) )		F0("read ferror");
+    if( c == '#'  )		{ m = 1; continue; }
+    if( m ==  0   )		return c;
+    if( c == '\n' )		m = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+   for simplicity only PAM of netpbm is used, the older formats
+   PBM, PGM and PPM can be handled implicitly by PAM routines (js05)
+   v0.43: return 1 if multiple file (hold it open), 0 otherwise
+ */
+#ifdef HAVE_PAM_H
+int readpgm(char *name, pix * p, int vvv) {
+  static FILE *fp=NULL;
+  static char *pip; 
+  char magic1, magic2;
+  int i, j, sample, minv = 0, maxv = 0, eofP=0;
+  struct pam inpam;
+  tuple *tuplerow;
+
+  assert(p);
+
+  if (!fp) { // fp!=0 for multi-pnm and idx>0
+    /* open file; test if conversion is needed. */
+    if (name[0] == '-' && name[1] == '\0') {
+      fp = stdin;
+      SET_BINARY (fileno(fp)); // Windows needs it for correct work
+    }
+    else {
+      pip = testsuffix(name);
+      if (!pip) {
+        fp = fopen(name, "rb");
+        if (!fp)
+          F1("opening file %s", name);
+      }
+      else {
+        char *buf = (char *)malloc((strlen(pip)+strlen(name)+4));
+        sprintf(buf, "%s \"%s\"", pip, name); /* allow spaces in filename */
+        if (vvv) {
+          fprintf(stderr, "# popen( %s )\n", buf);
+        }
+#ifdef HAVE_POPEN
+        /* potential security vulnerability, if name contains tricks */
+        /* example: gunzip -c dummy | rm -rf * */
+        /* windows needs "rb" for correct work, linux not, cygwin? */
+        /* ToDo: do you have better code to go arround this? */
+#if defined(__WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || defined(__WIN64) || defined(__WIN64__)
+	fp = popen(buf, "rb");  /* ToDo: may fail, please report */
+	if (!fp) fp = popen(buf, "r"); /* 2nd try, the gnu way */
+#else
+        fp = popen(buf, "r");
+#endif
+#else
+        F0("sorry, compile with HAVE_POPEN to use pipes");
+#endif
+        if (!fp)
+          F1("opening pipe %s", buf);
+        free(buf);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* netpbm 0.10.36 tries to write a comment to nonzero char** comment_p */
+  /* patch by C.P.Schmidt 21Nov06 */
+  memset (&inpam, 0, sizeof(inpam));
+
+  /* read pgm-header */
+  /* struct pam may change between netpbm-versions, causing problems? */
+#ifdef PAM_STRUCT_SIZE  /* ok for netpbm-10.35 */
+  /* new-and-better? but PAM_STRUCT_SIZE is not defined in netpbm-10.18 */
+  pnm_readpaminit(fp, &inpam, PAM_STRUCT_SIZE(tuple_type));
+#else /* ok for netpbm-10.18 old-and-bad for new netpbms */
+  pnm_readpaminit(fp, &inpam, sizeof(inpam));
+#endif
+
+  p->x = inpam.width;
+  p->y = inpam.height;
+  magic1=(inpam.format >> 8) & 255; /* 'P' for PNM,PAM */
+  magic2=(inpam.format     ) & 255; /* '7' for PAM */
+  minv=inpam.maxval;
+  if (vvv) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "# readpam: format=0x%04x=%c%c h*w(d*b)=%d*%d(%d*%d)\n",
+        inpam.format, /* magic1*256+magic2 */
+        ((magic1>31 && magic1<127)?magic1:'.'),
+        ((magic2>31 && magic2<127)?magic2:'.'),
+        inpam.height,
+        inpam.width,
+        inpam.depth,
+        inpam.bytes_per_sample);
+  }
+  if ( (1.*(p->x*p->y))!=((1.*p->x)*p->y) )
+    F0("Error integer overflow");
+  if ( !(p->p = (unsigned char *)malloc(p->x*p->y)) )
+    F1("Error at malloc: p->p: %d bytes", p->x*p->y);
+  tuplerow = pnm_allocpamrow(&inpam);
+  for ( i=0; i < inpam.height; i++ ) {
+    pnm_readpamrow(&inpam, tuplerow);   /* exit on error */
+    for ( j = 0; j < inpam.width; j++ ) {
+      if (inpam.depth>=3)
+        /* tuplerow is unsigned long (see pam.h sample) */
+        /* we expect 8bit or 16bit integers,
+           no overflow up to 32-10-2=20 bits */
+        sample
+          = ((PPM_RED_WEIGHT   * tuplerow[j][0] + 511)>>10)
+          + ((PPM_GREEN_WEIGHT * tuplerow[j][1] + 511)>>10)
+          + ((PPM_BLUE_WEIGHT  * tuplerow[j][2] + 511)>>10);
+      else
+        sample = tuplerow[j][0];
+      sample = 255 * sample / inpam.maxval; /* normalize to 8 bit */
+      p->p[i*inpam.width+j] = sample;
+      if (maxv<sample) maxv=sample;
+      if (minv>sample) minv=sample;
+    }
+  }
+  pnm_freepamrow(tuplerow);
+  pnm_nextimage(fp,&eofP);
+  if (vvv)
+    fprintf(stderr,"# readpam: min=%d max=%d eof=%d\n", minv, maxv, eofP);
+  p->bpp = 1;
+  if (eofP) {
+    if (!pip) fclose(fp);
+#ifdef HAVE_POPEN
+    else      pclose(fp);	/* close pipe (v0.43) */
+#endif
+    fp=NULL; return 0; 
+  }
+  return 1; /* multiple image = concatenated pnm */
+}
+
+#else
+/*
+   if PAM not installed, here is the fallback routine,
+   which is not so powerful but needs no dependencies from other libs
+ */
+static int fread_num(char *buf, int bps, FILE *f1) {
+  int mode, j2, j3; char c1;
+  for (j2=0;j2<bps;j2++) buf[j2]=0; // initialize value to zero
+  for(mode=0;!feof(f1);){ // mod=0 means skip leading spaces, 1 scan digits
+    c1=read_char(f1);
+    if (isspace(c1)) { if (mode==0) continue; else break; }
+    mode=1; // digits scan mode
+    if( !isdigit(c1) ) F0("unexpected char");
+    for (j3=j2=0;j2<bps;j2++) {      // multiply bps*bytes by 10
+      j3 = buf[j2]*10 + j3;  // j3 is used as result and carry
+      buf[j2]=j3 & 255; j3>>=8; 
+    }
+    buf[0] += c1-'0';
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * read image file, used to read the OCR-image and database images,
+ * image file can be PBM/PGM/PPM in RAW or TEXT
+ *   name: filename of image (input)
+ *   p:    pointer where to store the loaded image (input)
+ *   vvv:  verbose mode (input)
+ *   return: 0=ok, 1=further image follows (multiple image), -1 on error
+ * this is the fall back routine if libpnm cant be used
+ */
+int readpgm( char *name, pix *p, int vvv){
+  static char c1, c2;           /* magic bytes, file type */
+  static char *pip;             // static to survive multiple calls
+  int  nx,ny,nc,mod,i,j;	// buffer
+  static FILE *f1=NULL;         // trigger read new file or multi image file
+  unsigned char *pic;
+  char buf[512];
+  int lx, ly, dx;
+  int bps=1; /* bytes per sample (0..255..65535...) */
+
+  if (!f1) {  /* first of multiple image, on MultipleImageFiles c1 was read */
+    pip=NULL;
+    if (name[0]=='-' && name[1]==0) {
+      f1=stdin;  /* is this correct ??? */
+      SET_BINARY (fileno(f1)); // Windows needs it for correct work
+    } else {
+      pip=testsuffix(name);
+      if (!pip) {
+        f1=fopen(name,"rb"); if (!f1) F1("opening file %s",name);
+      } else {
+        sprintf(buf,"%s \"%s\"",pip,name); /* ToDo: how to prevent OVL ? */
+        if (vvv) { fprintf(stderr,"# popen( %s )\n",buf); }
+#ifdef HAVE_POPEN
+#if defined(__WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || defined(__WIN64) || defined(__WIN64__)
+	f1 = popen(buf, "rb");  /* ToDo: may fail, please report */
+	if (!f1) f1 = popen(buf, "r"); /* 2nd try, the gnu way */
+#else
+        f1=popen(buf,"r");
+#endif
+#else
+        F0("only PNM files supported (compiled without HAVE_POPEN)");
+#endif
+        if (!f1) F1("opening pipe %s",buf);
+      }
+    }
+    c1=fgetc(f1); if (feof(f1)) { E0("unexpected EOF"); return -1; }
+  }
+  c2=fgetc(f1);   if (feof(f1)) { E0("unexpected EOF"); return -1; }
+  // check the first two bytes of the PNM file 
+  //         PBM   PGM   PPM
+  //    TXT   P1    P2    P3
+  //    RAW   P4    P5    P6
+  if (c1!='P' || c2 <'1' || c2 >'6') { 
+    fprintf(stderr,"\nread-PNM-error: file number is %2d,"
+                   " position %ld", fileno(f1), ftell(f1));
+    fprintf(stderr,"\nread-PNM-error: bad magic bytes, expect 0x50 0x3[1-6]"
+                   " but got 0x%02x 0x%02x", 255&c1, 255&c2);
+    if (f1) fclose(f1); f1=NULL; return(-1);
+  }
+  nx=ny=nc=0; if (c2=='4' || c2=='1') nc=1;
+  for(mod=0;((c2=='5' || c2=='2') && (mod&7)<6)
+        ||  ((c2=='6' || c2=='3') && (mod&7)<6)		
+        ||  ((c2=='4' || c2=='1') && (mod&7)<4);)		
+  {						// mode: 0,2,4=[ |\t|\r|\n] 
+  						//   1=nx 3=ny 5=nc 8-13=#rem
+    c1=read_char(f1);				// former: # mod|=8
+    if( (mod & 1)==0 )				// whitespaces
+    if( !isspace(c1) ) mod++;
+    if( (mod & 1)==1 ) {
+      if( !isdigit(c1) ) {
+        if( !isspace(c1) )F0("unexpected character");
+        mod++; }
+      else if(mod==1) nx=nx*10+c1-'0';
+      else if(mod==3) ny=ny*10+c1-'0';
+      else if(mod==5) nc=nc*10+c1-'0';
+    }
+  }
+  if(vvv)
+   fprintf(stderr,"# PNM P%c h*w=%d*%d c=%d head=%ld",c2,ny,nx,nc,ftell(f1));
+  if( c2=='4' && (nx&7)!=0 ){
+    /* nx=(nx+7)&~7;*/ if(vvv)fprintf(stderr," PBM2PGM nx %d",(nx+7)&~7);
+  }
+  if (nc>> 8) bps=2; // bytes per color and pixel
+  if (nc>>16) bps=3;
+  if (nc>>24) bps=4;
+  fflush(stdout);
+  if ( (1.*(nx*ny))!=((1.*nx)*ny) )
+    F0("Error integer overflow");
+  pic=(unsigned char *)malloc( nx*ny );
+  if(pic==NULL)F0("memory failed");			// no memory
+  for (i=0;i<nx*ny;i++) pic[i]=255; // init to white if reading fails 
+  /* this is a slow but short routine for P1 to P6 formats */
+  if( c2=='5' || c2=='2' ) /* slow PGM-RAW/ASC read pixelwise */
+    for (i=0;i<nx*ny;i++) {
+     if (c2=='5') { if(bps!=(int)fread(buf,1,bps,f1)) {
+        fprintf(stderr," ERROR reading at head+%d*%d\n", bps, i); break; } }
+     else for (j=0;j<3;j++) fread_num(buf+j*bps, bps, f1);
+     pic[i]=buf[bps-1]; /* store the most significant byte */
+    }
+  // we want to normalize brightness to 0..255
+  if (c2=='6' || c2=='3') {  // PPM-RAW/ASC
+    for (i=0;i<nx*ny;i++) {
+      if (c2=='6') { if (3*bps!=(int)fread(buf,1,3*bps,f1)){
+         fprintf(stderr," ERROR reading at head+3*%d*%d\n", bps, i); break; } }
+      else for (j=0;j<3;j++) fread_num(buf+j*bps, bps, f1);
+      pic[i]
+          = ((PPM_RED_WEIGHT   * (unsigned char)buf[  bps-1] + 511)>>10)
+          + ((PPM_GREEN_WEIGHT * (unsigned char)buf[2*bps-1] + 511)>>10)
+          + ((PPM_BLUE_WEIGHT  * (unsigned char)buf[3*bps-1] + 511)>>10);
+      /* normalized to 0..255 */
+    }
+  }
+  if( c2=='1' )
+    for(mod=j=i=0,nc=255;i<nx*ny && !feof(f1);){ // PBM-ASCII 0001100
+    c1=read_char(f1);
+    if( isdigit(c1) ) { pic[i]=((c1=='0')?255:0); i++; }
+    else if( !isspace(c1) )F0("unexpected char");
+  }
+  if( c2=='4' ){				// PBM-RAW
+    dx=(nx+7)&~7;				// dx (mod 8)
+    if(ny!=(int)fread(pic,dx>>3,ny,f1))F0("read");	// read all bytes
+    for(ly=ny-1;ly>=0;ly--)
+    for(lx=nx-1;lx>=0;lx--)
+    pic[lx+ly*nx]=( (128 & (pic[(lx+ly*dx)>>3]<<(lx & 7))) ? 0 : 255 );
+    nc=255;
+  }
+  {
+    int minc=255, maxc=0;
+    for (i=0;i<nx*ny;i++) {
+      if (pic[i]>maxc) maxc=pic[i];
+      if (pic[i]<minc) minc=pic[i];
+    }
+    if (vvv) fprintf(stderr," min=%d max=%d", minc, maxc);
+  }
+  p->p=pic;  p->x=nx;  p->y=ny; p->bpp=1;
+  if (vvv) fprintf(stderr,"\n");  
+  c1=0; c1=fgetc(f1); /* needed to trigger feof() */
+  if (feof(f1) || c1!='P') {  /* EOF ^Z or not 'P' -> single image */
+    if (vvv) fprintf(stderr,"# PNM EOF\n");
+    if(name[0]!='-' || name[1]!=0){ /* do not close stdin */
+      if(!pip) fclose(f1);
+#ifdef HAVE_POPEN
+      else     pclose(f1);	/* close pipe (Jul00) */
+#endif
+    }
+    f1=NULL;  /* set file is closed flag */
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return 1; /* multiple image = concatenated pnm's */
+}
+#endif /* HAVE_PAM_H */
+
+int writepgm(char *nam,pix *p){// P5 raw-pgm
+  FILE *f1;int a,x,y;
+  f1=fopen(nam,"wb");if(!f1)F0("open");		// open-error
+  fprintf(f1,"P5\n%d %d\n255\n",p->x,p->y);
+  if(p->bpp==3)
+  for(y=0;y<p->y;y++)
+  for(x=0;x<p->x;x++){	// set bit
+    a=x+y*p->x;
+    p->p[a]=(p->p[3*a+0]+p->p[3*a+1]+p->p[3*a+2])/3;
+  }
+  if(p->y!=(int)fwrite(p->p,p->x,p->y,f1))F0("write");	// write all lines
+  fclose(f1);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* adding colours, care about range */
+void addrgb(unsigned char rgb[3], int sr, int sg, int sb) {
+ int add[3], i;
+ /* add colour on dark pixels, subtract on white pixels */ 
+ add[0]=2*sr; add[1]=2*sg; add[2]=2*sb;
+ if (((int)rgb[0])+((int)rgb[1])+((int)rgb[2])>=3*160)
+    { add[0]=(-sg-sb); add[1]=(-sr-sb); add[2]=(-sr-sg); } // rgb/2?
+ /* care about colour range */
+ for (i=0;i<3;i++)
+   if (add[i]<0) rgb[i]-=((    rgb[i]<-add[i])?    rgb[i]:-add[i]);
+   else          rgb[i]+=((255-rgb[i]< add[i])?255-rgb[i]: add[i]);
+}
+/*
+ * pgmtoppm or pnmtopng, use last 3 bits for farbcoding 
+ * replaces old writebmp variant
+ */
+int writeppm(char *nam, pix *p){ /* P6 raw-ppm */
+  FILE *f1=NULL; int x,y,f1t=0; unsigned char rgb[3], gray, bits;
+  char buf[128];
+  if (strchr(nam,'|')) return -1;  /* no nasty code */
+  if (strstr(nam,".ppm")) { f1=fopen(nam,"wb"); }
+#ifdef HAVE_POPEN
+  /* be sure that nam contains hacker code like "dummy | rm -rf *" */
+  if (!f1) {
+    strncpy(buf,"pnmtopng > ",12);  /* no spaces within filenames allowed! */
+    strncpy(buf+11,nam,111); buf[123]=0;
+    strncpy(buf+strlen(buf),".png",5);
+    /* we dont care about win "wb" here, never debug on win systems */
+    f1 = popen(buf, "w"); if(f1) f1t=1; else E0("popen pnmtopng");
+  }
+  if (!f1) {
+    strncpy(buf,"gzip -c > ",11);
+    strncpy(buf+10,nam,109); buf[120]=0;
+    strncpy(buf+strlen(buf),".ppm.gz",8); 
+    /* we dont care about win "wb" here, never debug on win systems */
+    f1 = popen(buf, "w"); if(f1) f1t=1; else E0("popen gzip -c");
+  }
+#endif
+  if (!f1) {
+    strncpy(buf,nam,113); buf[114]=0;
+    strncpy(buf+strlen(buf),".ppm",5);
+    f1=fopen(buf,"wb");
+  }
+  if (!f1) F0("open"); /* open-error */
+  fprintf(f1,"P6\n%d %d\n255\n",p->x,p->y);
+  if ( p->bpp==1 )
+  for (y=0;y<p->y;y++)
+  for (x=0;x<p->x;x++){
+    gray=p->p[x+y*p->x];
+    bits=(gray&0x0F);  /* save marker bits */
+    /* replace used bits to get max. contrast, 160=0xA0 */
+    gray = ((gray<160) ? (gray&~0x0F)>>1 : 0xC3|(gray>>1) );
+    rgb[0] = rgb[1] = rgb[2] = gray;
+    if ((bits &  1)==1) { addrgb(rgb,0,0,8+8*((x+y)&1)); } /* dark blue */
+    if ((bits &  8)==8) { addrgb(rgb,0,0, 16); } /* blue (low priority) */
+    if ((bits &  6)==6) { addrgb(rgb,0,0, 32); } /* blue */
+    if ((bits &  6)==4) { addrgb(rgb,0,48,0); } /* green */
+    if ((bits &  6)==2) { addrgb(rgb,32,0,0); } /* red */
+    if ( 1!=(int)fwrite(rgb,3,1,f1) ) { E0("write"); y=p->y; break; }
+  }
+  if ( p->bpp==3 )
+  if ( p->y!=(int)fwrite(p->p,3*p->x,p->y,f1) ) E0("write");
+#ifdef HAVE_POPEN
+  if (f1t) { pclose (f1); f1=NULL; }
+#endif
+  if (f1) fclose(f1);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// high bit = first, 
+int writepbm(char *nam,pix *p){// P4 raw-pbm
+  FILE *f1;int x,y,a,b,dx,i;
+  dx=(p->x+7)&~7;	// enlarge to a factor of 8
+  for(y=0;y<p->y;y++)
+  for(x=0;x<p->x;x++){	// set bit
+    a=(x+y*dx)>>3;b=7-(x&7);	// adress an bitisnumber
+    i=x+y*p->x;
+    if(p->bpp==3) i=(p->p[3*i+0]+p->p[3*i+1]+p->p[3*i+2])/3;
+    else          i= p->p[  i  ];
+    i=((i>127)?0:1);
+    p->p[a]=(p->p[a] & (~1<<b)) | (i<<b);
+  }
+  f1=fopen(nam,"wb");if(!f1)F0("open");		// open-error
+  fprintf(f1,"P4\n%d %d\n",p->x,p->y);
+  if(p->y!=(int)fwrite(p->p,dx>>3,p->y,f1))F0("write");	// write all lines
+  fclose(f1);
+  return 0;
+}
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------