capybara 2.18.0 → 3.40.0

data/lib/capybara/spec/session/node_spec.rb

@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "node" do
+# NOTE: This file uses `sleep` to sync up parts of the tests. This is only implemented like this
+# because of the methods being tested. In tests using Capybara this type of behavior should be implemented
+# using Capybara provided assertions with builtin waiting behavior.
+
+Capybara::SpecHelper.spec 'node' do
   before do
     @session.visit('/with_html')
   end
 
-  it "should act like a session object" do
+  it 'should act like a session object' do
     @session.visit('/form')
     @form = @session.find(:css, '#get-form')
     expect(@form).to have_field('Middle Name')
@@ -15,67 +19,70 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "node" do
     expect(extract_results(@session)['middle_name']).to eq('Monkey')
   end
 
-  it "should scope CSS selectors" do
+  it 'should scope CSS selectors' do
     expect(@session.find(:css, '#second')).to have_no_css('h1')
   end
 
-  describe "#query_scope" do
-    it "should have a reference to the element the query was evaluated on if there is one" do
-      @node = @session.find(:css, '#first')
-      expect(@node.query_scope).to eq(@node.session.document)
-      expect(@node.find(:css, '#foo').query_scope).to eq(@node)
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "#parent" do
-    it "should be deprecated" do
-      @node = @session.find(:css, '#first')
-      expect(@node).to receive(:warn).with(/^DEPRECATED:/)
-      expect(@node.parent).to eq(@node.query_scope)
+  describe '#query_scope' do
+    it 'should have a reference to the element the query was evaluated on if there is one' do
+      node = @session.find(:css, '#first')
+      expect(node.query_scope).to eq(node.session.document)
+      expect(node.find(:css, '#foo').query_scope).to eq(node)
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#text" do
-    it "should extract node texts" do
+  describe '#text' do
+    it 'should extract node texts' do
       expect(@session.all('//a')[0].text).to eq('labore')
       expect(@session.all('//a')[1].text).to eq('ullamco')
     end
 
-    it "should return document text on /html selector" do
+    it 'should return document text on /html selector' do
       @session.visit('/with_simple_html')
       expect(@session.all('/html')[0].text).to eq('Bar')
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#[]" do
-    it "should extract node attributes" do
+  describe '#[]' do
+    it 'should extract node attributes' do
       expect(@session.all('//a')[0][:class]).to eq('simple')
       expect(@session.all('//a')[1][:id]).to eq('foo')
       expect(@session.all('//input')[0][:type]).to eq('text')
     end
 
-    it "should extract boolean node attributes" do
+    it 'should extract boolean node attributes' do
       expect(@session.find('//input[@id="checked_field"]')[:checked]).to be_truthy
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#value" do
-    it "should allow retrieval of the value" do
+  describe '#style', requires: [:css] do
+    it 'should return the computed style value' do
+      expect(@session.find(:css, '#first').style('display')).to eq('display' => 'block')
+      expect(@session.find(:css, '#second').style(:display)).to eq('display' => 'inline')
+    end
+
+    it 'should return multiple style values' do
+      expect(@session.find(:css, '#first').style('display', :'line-height')).to eq('display' => 'block', 'line-height' => '25px')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#value' do
+    it 'should allow retrieval of the value' do
       expect(@session.find('//textarea[@id="normal"]').value).to eq('banana')
     end
 
-    it "should not swallow extra newlines in textarea" do
+    it 'should not swallow extra newlines in textarea' do
       expect(@session.find('//textarea[@id="additional_newline"]').value).to eq("\nbanana")
     end
 
-    it "should not swallow leading newlines for set content in textarea" do
+    it 'should not swallow leading newlines for set content in textarea' do
       @session.find('//textarea[@id="normal"]').set("\nbanana")
       expect(@session.find('//textarea[@id="normal"]').value).to eq("\nbanana")
     end
 
-    it "return any HTML content in textarea" do
-      @session.find('//textarea[1]').set("some <em>html</em> here")
-      expect(@session.find('//textarea[1]').value).to eq("some <em>html</em> here")
+    it 'return any HTML content in textarea' do
+      @session.find('//textarea[1]').set('some <em>html</em> here')
+      expect(@session.find('//textarea[1]').value).to eq('some <em>html</em> here')
     end
 
     it "defaults to 'on' for checkbox" do
@@ -89,125 +96,158 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "node" do
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#set" do
-    it "should allow assignment of field value" do
+  describe '#set' do
+    it 'should allow assignment of field value' do
       expect(@session.first('//input').value).to eq('monkey')
       @session.first('//input').set('gorilla')
       expect(@session.first('//input').value).to eq('gorilla')
     end
 
-    it "should fill the field even if the caret was not at the end", requires: [:js] do
+    it 'should fill the field even if the caret was not at the end', requires: [:js] do
       @session.execute_script("var el = document.getElementById('test_field'); el.focus(); el.setSelectionRange(0, 0);")
       @session.first('//input').set('')
       expect(@session.first('//input').value).to eq('')
     end
 
-    it "should not set if the text field is readonly" do
-      expect(@session.first('//input[@readonly]').value).to eq('should not change')
-      @session.first('//input[@readonly]').set('changed')
-      expect(@session.first('//input[@readonly]').value).to eq('should not change')
-    end
+    if ENV['CAPYBARA_THOROUGH']
+      it 'should raise if the text field is readonly' do
+        expect { @session.first('//input[@readonly]').set('changed') }.to raise_error(Capybara::ReadOnlyElementError)
+      end
 
-    it "should raise if the text field is readonly" do
-      expect(@session.first('//input[@readonly]').set('changed')).to raise_error(Capybara::ReadOnlyElementError)
-    end if Capybara::VERSION.to_f > 3.0
+      it 'should raise if the textarea is readonly' do
+        expect { @session.first('//textarea[@readonly]').set('changed') }.to raise_error(Capybara::ReadOnlyElementError)
+      end
+    else
+      it 'should not change if the text field is readonly' do
+        @session.first('//input[@readonly]').set('changed')
+        expect(@session.first('//input[@readonly]').value).to eq 'should not change'
+      end
 
-    it "should not set if the textarea is readonly" do
-      expect(@session.first('//textarea[@readonly]').value).to eq('textarea should not change')
-      @session.first('//textarea[@readonly]').set('changed')
-      expect(@session.first('//textarea[@readonly]').value).to eq('textarea should not change')
+      it 'should not change if the textarea is readonly' do
+        @session.first('//textarea[@readonly]').set('changed')
+        expect(@session.first('//textarea[@readonly]').value).to eq 'textarea should not change'
+      end
     end
 
-    it "should raise if the text field is readonly" do
-      expect(@session.first('//textarea[@readonly]').set('changed')).to raise_error(Capybara::ReadOnlyElementError)
-    end if Capybara::VERSION.to_f > 3.0
+    it 'should use global default options' do
+      Capybara.default_set_options = { clear: :backspace }
+      element = @session.first(:fillable_field, type: 'text')
+      allow(element.base).to receive(:set)
+      element.set('gorilla')
+      expect(element.base).to have_received(:set).with('gorilla', clear: :backspace)
+    end
 
-    context "with a contenteditable element", requires: [:js] do
+    context 'with a contenteditable element', requires: [:js] do
       it 'should allow me to change the contents' do
         @session.visit('/with_js')
-        @session.find(:css,'#existing_content_editable').set('WYSIWYG')
-        expect(@session.find(:css,'#existing_content_editable').text).to eq('WYSIWYG')
+        @session.find(:css, '#existing_content_editable').set('WYSIWYG')
+        expect(@session.find(:css, '#existing_content_editable').text).to eq('WYSIWYG')
       end
 
       it 'should allow me to set the contents' do
         @session.visit('/with_js')
-        @session.find(:css,'#blank_content_editable').set('WYSIWYG')
-        expect(@session.find(:css,'#blank_content_editable').text).to eq('WYSIWYG')
+        @session.find(:css, '#blank_content_editable').set('WYSIWYG')
+        expect(@session.find(:css, '#blank_content_editable').text).to eq('WYSIWYG')
       end
 
       it 'should allow me to change the contents of a child element' do
         @session.visit('/with_js')
-        @session.find(:css,'#existing_content_editable_child').set('WYSIWYG')
-        expect(@session.find(:css,'#existing_content_editable_child').text).to eq('WYSIWYG')
-        expect(@session.find(:css,'#existing_content_editable_child_parent').text).to eq('Some content WYSIWYG')
+        @session.find(:css, '#existing_content_editable_child').set('WYSIWYG')
+        expect(@session.find(:css, '#existing_content_editable_child').text).to eq('WYSIWYG')
+        expect(@session.find(:css, '#existing_content_editable_child_parent').text).to eq("Some content\nWYSIWYG")
       end
     end
+
+    it 'should submit single text input forms if ended with \n' do
+      @session.visit('/form')
+      @session.find(:css, '#single_input').set("my entry\n")
+      expect(extract_results(@session)['single_input']).to eq('my entry')
+    end
+
+    it 'should not submit single text input forms if ended with \n and has multiple values' do
+      @session.visit('/form')
+      @session.find(:css, '#two_input_1').set("my entry\n")
+      expect(@session.find(:css, '#two_input_1').value).to eq("my entry\n").or(eq 'my entry')
+    end
   end
 
-  describe "#tag_name" do
-    it "should extract node tag name" do
+  describe '#tag_name' do
+    it 'should extract node tag name' do
       expect(@session.all('//a')[0].tag_name).to eq('a')
       expect(@session.all('//a')[1].tag_name).to eq('a')
       expect(@session.all('//p')[1].tag_name).to eq('p')
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#disabled?" do
-    it "should extract disabled node" do
+  describe '#disabled?' do
+    it 'should extract disabled node' do
       @session.visit('/form')
       expect(@session.find('//input[@id="customer_name"]')).to be_disabled
       expect(@session.find('//input[@id="customer_email"]')).not_to be_disabled
     end
 
-    it "should see disabled options as disabled" do
+    it 'should see disabled options as disabled' do
       @session.visit('/form')
       expect(@session.find('//select[@id="form_title"]/option[1]')).not_to be_disabled
       expect(@session.find('//select[@id="form_title"]/option[@disabled]')).to be_disabled
     end
 
-    it "should see enabled options in disabled select as disabled" do
+    it 'should see enabled options in disabled select as disabled' do
       @session.visit('/form')
       expect(@session.find('//select[@id="form_disabled_select"]/option')).to be_disabled
       expect(@session.find('//select[@id="form_disabled_select"]/optgroup/option')).to be_disabled
       expect(@session.find('//select[@id="form_title"]/option[1]')).not_to be_disabled
     end
 
-    it "should see enabled options in disabled optgroup as disabled" do
+    it 'should see enabled options in disabled optgroup as disabled' do
       @session.visit('/form')
-      expect(@session.find('//option', text: "A.B.1")).to be_disabled
-      expect(@session.find('//option', text: "A.2")).not_to be_disabled
+      expect(@session.find('//option', text: 'A.B.1')).to be_disabled
+      expect(@session.find('//option', text: 'A.2')).not_to be_disabled
     end
 
-    context "in a disabled fieldset" do
+    it 'should see a disabled fieldset as disabled' do
+      @session.visit('/form')
+      expect(@session.find(:xpath, './/fieldset[@id="form_disabled_fieldset"]')).to be_disabled
+    end
+
+    context 'in a disabled fieldset' do
       # https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#the-fieldset-element
-      it "should see elements not in first legend as disabled" do
+      it 'should see elements not in first legend as disabled' do
         @session.visit('/form')
         expect(@session.find('//input[@id="form_disabled_fieldset_child"]')).to be_disabled
         expect(@session.find('//input[@id="form_disabled_fieldset_second_legend_child"]')).to be_disabled
         expect(@session.find('//input[@id="form_enabled_fieldset_child"]')).not_to be_disabled
       end
 
-      it "should see elements in first legend as enabled" do
+      it 'should see elements in first legend as enabled' do
         @session.visit('/form')
         expect(@session.find('//input[@id="form_disabled_fieldset_legend_child"]')).not_to be_disabled
       end
 
-      it "should sees options not in first legend as disabled" do
+      it 'should sees options not in first legend as disabled' do
         @session.visit('/form')
         expect(@session.find('//option', text: 'Disabled Child Option')).to be_disabled
       end
     end
-    it "should be boolean" do
+
+    it 'should be boolean' do
       @session.visit('/form')
       expect(@session.find('//select[@id="form_disabled_select"]/option').disabled?).to be true
       expect(@session.find('//select[@id="form_disabled_select2"]/option').disabled?).to be true
       expect(@session.find('//select[@id="form_title"]/option[1]').disabled?).to be false
     end
+
+    it 'should be disabled for all elements that are CSS :disabled' do
+      @session.visit('/form')
+      # sanity check
+      expect(@session.all(:css, ':disabled')).to all(be_disabled)
+    end
   end
 
-  describe "#visible?" do
-    it "should extract node visibility" do
-      Capybara.ignore_hidden_elements = false
+  describe '#visible?' do
+    before { Capybara.ignore_hidden_elements = false }
+
+    it 'should extract node visibility' do
       expect(@session.first('//a')).to be_visible
 
       expect(@session.find('//div[@id="hidden"]')).not_to be_visible
@@ -217,22 +257,124 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "node" do
       expect(@session.find('//input[@id="hidden_input"]')).not_to be_visible
     end
 
-    it "should be boolean" do
-      Capybara.ignore_hidden_elements = false
+    it 'template elements should not be visible' do
+      expect(@session.find('//template')).not_to be_visible
+    end
+
+    it 'should be boolean' do
       expect(@session.first('//a').visible?).to be true
       expect(@session.find('//div[@id="hidden"]').visible?).to be false
     end
+
+    it 'closed details > summary elements and descendants should be visible' do
+      expect(@session.find(:css, '#closed_details summary')).to be_visible
+      expect(@session.find(:css, '#closed_details summary h6')).to be_visible
+    end
+
+    it 'details non-summary descendants should be non-visible when closed' do
+      descendants = @session.all(:css, '#closed_details > *:not(summary), #closed_details > *:not(summary) *', minimum: 2)
+      expect(descendants).not_to include(be_visible)
+    end
+
+    it 'deatils descendants should be visible when open' do
+      descendants = @session.all(:css, '#open_details *')
+      expect(descendants).to all(be_visible)
+    end
+
+    it 'works when details is toggled open and closed' do
+      @session.find(:css, '#closed_details > summary').click
+      expect(@session).to have_css('#closed_details *', visible: :visible, count: 5)
+        .and(have_no_css('#closed_details *', visible: :hidden))
+
+      @session.find(:css, '#closed_details > summary').click
+      descendants_css = '#closed_details > *:not(summary), #closed_details > *:not(summary) *'
+      expect(@session).to have_no_css(descendants_css, visible: :visible)
+        .and(have_css(descendants_css, visible: :hidden, count: 3))
+    end
   end
 
-  describe "#checked?" do
-    it "should extract node checked state" do
+  describe '#obscured?', requires: [:css] do
+    it 'should see non visible elements as obscured' do
+      Capybara.ignore_hidden_elements = false
+      expect(@session.find('//div[@id="hidden"]')).to be_obscured
+      expect(@session.find('//div[@id="hidden_via_ancestor"]')).to be_obscured
+      expect(@session.find('//div[@id="hidden_attr"]')).to be_obscured
+      expect(@session.find('//a[@id="hidden_attr_via_ancestor"]')).to be_obscured
+      expect(@session.find('//input[@id="hidden_input"]')).to be_obscured
+    end
+
+    it 'should see non-overlapped elements as not obscured' do
+      @session.visit('/obscured')
+      expect(@session.find(:css, '#cover')).not_to be_obscured
+    end
+
+    it 'should see elements only overlapped by descendants as not obscured' do
+      expect(@session.first(:css, 'p:not(.para)')).not_to be_obscured
+    end
+
+    it 'should see elements outside the viewport as obscured' do
+      @session.visit('/obscured')
+      off = @session.find(:css, '#offscreen')
+      off_wrapper = @session.find(:css, '#offscreen_wrapper')
+      expect(off).to be_obscured
+      expect(off_wrapper).to be_obscured
+      @session.scroll_to(off_wrapper)
+      expect(off_wrapper).not_to be_obscured
+      expect(off).to be_obscured
+      off_wrapper.scroll_to(off)
+      expect(off).not_to be_obscured
+      expect(off_wrapper).not_to be_obscured
+    end
+
+    it 'should see overlapped elements as obscured' do
+      @session.visit('/obscured')
+      expect(@session.find(:css, '#obscured')).to be_obscured
+    end
+
+    it 'should be boolean' do
+      Capybara.ignore_hidden_elements = false
+      expect(@session.first('//a').obscured?).to be false
+      expect(@session.find('//div[@id="hidden"]').obscured?).to be true
+    end
+
+    it 'should work in frames' do
+      @session.visit('/obscured')
+      frame = @session.find(:css, '#frameOne')
+      @session.within_frame(frame) do
+        div = @session.find(:css, '#divInFrameOne')
+        expect(div).to be_obscured
+        @session.scroll_to div
+        expect(div).not_to be_obscured
+      end
+    end
+
+    it 'should work in nested iframes' do
+      @session.visit('/obscured')
+      frame = @session.find(:css, '#nestedFrames')
+      @session.within_frame(frame) do
+        @session.within_frame(:css, '#childFrame') do
+          gcframe = @session.find(:css, '#grandchildFrame2')
+          @session.within_frame(gcframe) do
+            expect(@session.find(:css, '#divInFrameTwo')).to be_obscured
+          end
+          @session.scroll_to(gcframe)
+          @session.within_frame(gcframe) do
+            expect(@session.find(:css, '#divInFrameTwo')).not_to be_obscured
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#checked?' do
+    it 'should extract node checked state' do
       @session.visit('/form')
       expect(@session.find('//input[@id="gender_female"]')).to be_checked
       expect(@session.find('//input[@id="gender_male"]')).not_to be_checked
       expect(@session.first('//h1')).not_to be_checked
     end
 
-    it "should be boolean" do
+    it 'should be boolean' do
       @session.visit('/form')
       expect(@session.find('//input[@id="gender_female"]').checked?).to be true
       expect(@session.find('//input[@id="gender_male"]').checked?).to be false
@@ -240,15 +382,15 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "node" do
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#selected?" do
-    it "should extract node selected state" do
+  describe '#selected?' do
+    it 'should extract node selected state' do
       @session.visit('/form')
       expect(@session.find('//option[@value="en"]')).to be_selected
       expect(@session.find('//option[@value="sv"]')).not_to be_selected
       expect(@session.first('//h1')).not_to be_selected
     end
 
-    it "should be boolean" do
+    it 'should be boolean' do
       @session.visit('/form')
       expect(@session.find('//option[@value="en"]').selected?).to be true
       expect(@session.find('//option[@value="sv"]').selected?).to be false
@@ -256,86 +398,368 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "node" do
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#==" do
-    it "preserve object identity" do
-      expect(@session.find('//h1') == @session.find('//h1')).to be true
-      expect(@session.find('//h1') === @session.find('//h1')).to be true
-      expect(@session.find('//h1').eql? @session.find('//h1')).to be false
+  describe '#==' do
+    it 'preserve object identity' do
+      expect(@session.find('//h1') == @session.find('//h1')).to be true # rubocop:disable Lint/BinaryOperatorWithIdenticalOperands
+      expect(@session.find('//h1') === @session.find('//h1')).to be true # rubocop:disable Style/CaseEquality, Lint/BinaryOperatorWithIdenticalOperands
+      expect(@session.find('//h1').eql?(@session.find('//h1'))).to be false
     end
 
-    it "returns false for unrelated object" do
-      expect(@session.find('//h1') == "Not Capybara::Node::Base").to be false
+    it 'returns false for unrelated object' do
+      expect(@session.find('//h1') == 'Not Capybara::Node::Base').to be false
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#path" do
+  describe '#path' do
     # Testing for specific XPaths here doesn't make sense since there
     # are many that can refer to the same element
-    before :each do
+    before do
       @session.visit('/path')
     end
 
-    it "returns xpath which points to itself" do
+    it 'returns xpath which points to itself' do
       element = @session.find(:link, 'Second Link')
       expect(@session.find(:xpath, element.path)).to eq(element)
     end
+
+    it 'reports when element in shadow dom', requires: [:shadow_dom] do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      shadow = @session.find(:css, '#shadow')
+      element = @session.evaluate_script(<<~JS, shadow)
+        (function(root){
+          return root.shadowRoot.querySelector('span');
+        })(arguments[0])
+      JS
+      expect(element.path).to eq '(: Shadow DOM element - no XPath :)'
+    end
   end
 
-  describe "#trigger", requires: [:js, :trigger] do
-    it "should allow triggering of custom JS events" do
+  describe '#trigger', requires: %i[js trigger] do
+    it 'should allow triggering of custom JS events' do
       @session.visit('/with_js')
       @session.find(:css, '#with_focus_event').trigger(:focus)
       expect(@session).to have_css('#focus_event_triggered')
     end
   end
 
-  describe '#drag_to', requires: [:js, :drag] do
-    it "should drag and drop an object" do
+  describe '#drag_to', requires: %i[js drag] do
+    it 'should drag and drop an object' do
       @session.visit('/with_js')
       element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag"]')
       target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop"]')
       element.drag_to(target)
-      expect(@session.find('//div[contains(., "Dropped!")]')).not_to be_nil
+      expect(@session).to have_xpath('//div[contains(., "Dropped!")]')
     end
 
-    it "should drag and drop if scrolling is needed" do
+    it 'should drag and drop if scrolling is needed' do
       @session.visit('/with_js')
       element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag_scroll"]')
       target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop_scroll"]')
       element.drag_to(target)
-      expect(@session.find('//div[contains(., "Dropped!")]')).not_to be_nil
+      expect(@session).to have_xpath('//div[contains(., "Dropped!")]')
+    end
+
+    it 'should drag a link' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      link = @session.find_link('drag_link')
+      target = @session.find(:id, 'drop')
+      link.drag_to target
+      expect(@session).to have_xpath('//div[contains(., "Dropped!")]')
+    end
+
+    it 'should work with Dragula' do
+      @session.visit('/with_dragula')
+      @session.within(:css, '#sortable.ready') do
+        src = @session.find('div', text: 'Item 1')
+        target = @session.find('div', text: 'Item 3')
+        src.drag_to target
+        expect(@session).to have_content(/Item 2.*Item 1/, normalize_ws: true)
+      end
+    end
+
+    it 'should work with jsTree' do
+      @session.visit('/with_jstree')
+      @session.within(:css, '#container') do
+        @session.assert_text(/A.*B.*C/m)
+        source = @session.find(:css, '#j1_1_anchor')
+        target = @session.find(:css, '#j1_2_anchor')
+
+        source.drag_to(target)
+
+        @session.assert_no_text(/A.*B.*C/m)
+        @session.assert_text(/B.*C/m)
+      end
+    end
+
+    it 'should simulate a single held down modifier key' do
+      %I[
+        alt
+        ctrl
+        meta
+        shift
+      ].each do |modifier_key|
+        @session.visit('/with_js')
+
+        element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag"]')
+        target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop"]')
+
+        element.drag_to(target, drop_modifiers: modifier_key)
+        expect(@session).to have_css('div.drag_start', exact_text: 'Dragged!')
+        expect(@session).to have_xpath("//div[contains(., 'Dropped!-#{modifier_key}')]")
+      end
+    end
+
+    it 'should simulate multiple held down modifier keys' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+
+      element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag"]')
+      target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop"]')
+
+      modifier_keys = %I[alt ctrl meta shift]
+
+      element.drag_to(target, drop_modifiers: modifier_keys)
+      expect(@session).to have_xpath("//div[contains(., 'Dropped!-#{modifier_keys.join('-')}')]")
+    end
+
+    it 'should support key aliases' do
+      { control: :ctrl,
+        command: :meta,
+        cmd: :meta }.each do |(key_alias, key)|
+        @session.visit('/with_js')
+
+        element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag"]')
+        target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop"]')
+
+        element.drag_to(target, drop_modifiers: [key_alias])
+        expect(target).to have_text("Dropped!-#{key}", exact: true)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'HTML5', requires: %i[js html5_drag] do
+      it 'should HTML5 drag and drop an object' do
+        @session.visit('/with_js')
+        element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag_html5"]')
+        target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop_html5"]')
+        element.drag_to(target)
+        expect(@session).to have_xpath('//div[contains(., "HTML5 Dropped string: text/plain drag_html5")]')
+      end
+
+      it 'should HTML5 drag and drop an object child' do
+        @session.visit('/with_js')
+        element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag_html5"]/p')
+        target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop_html5"]')
+        element.drag_to(target)
+        expect(@session).to have_xpath('//div[contains(., "HTML5 Dropped string: text/plain drag_html5")]')
+      end
+
+      it 'should set clientX/Y in dragover events' do
+        @session.visit('/with_js')
+        element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag_html5"]')
+        target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop_html5"]')
+        element.drag_to(target)
+        expect(@session).to have_css('div.log', text: /DragOver with client position: [1-9]\d*,[1-9]\d*/, count: 2)
+      end
+
+      it 'should preserve clientX/Y from last dragover event' do
+        @session.visit('/with_js')
+        element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag_html5"]')
+        target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop_html5"]')
+        element.drag_to(target)
+
+        conditions = %w[DragLeave Drop DragEnd].map do |text|
+          have_css('div.log', text: text)
+        end
+        expect(@session).to(conditions.reduce { |memo, cond| memo.and(cond) })
+
+        # The first "DragOver" div is inserted by the last dragover event dispatched
+        drag_over_div = @session.first('//div[@class="log" and starts-with(text(), "DragOver")]')
+        position = drag_over_div.text.sub('DragOver ', '')
+
+        expect(@session).to have_css('div.log', text: /DragLeave #{position}/, count: 1)
+        expect(@session).to have_css('div.log', text: /Drop #{position}/, count: 1)
+        expect(@session).to have_css('div.log', text: /DragEnd #{position}/, count: 1)
+      end
+
+      it 'should not HTML5 drag and drop on a non HTML5 drop element' do
+        @session.visit('/with_js')
+        element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag_html5"]')
+        target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop_html5"]')
+        target.execute_script("$(this).removeClass('drop');")
+        element.drag_to(target)
+        sleep 1
+        expect(@session).not_to have_xpath('//div[contains(., "HTML5 Dropped")]')
+      end
+
+      it 'should HTML5 drag and drop when scrolling needed' do
+        @session.visit('/with_js')
+        element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag_html5_scroll"]')
+        target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop_html5_scroll"]')
+        element.drag_to(target)
+        expect(@session).to have_xpath('//div[contains(., "HTML5 Dropped string: text/plain drag_html5_scroll")]')
+      end
+
+      it 'should drag HTML5 default draggable elements' do
+        @session.visit('/with_js')
+        link = @session.find_link('drag_link_html5')
+        target = @session.find(:id, 'drop_html5')
+        link.drag_to target
+        expect(@session).to have_xpath('//div[contains(., "HTML5 Dropped")]')
+      end
+
+      it 'should work with SortableJS' do
+        @session.visit('/with_sortable_js')
+        @session.within(:css, '#sortable') do
+          src = @session.find('div', text: 'Item 1')
+          target = @session.find('div', text: 'Item 3')
+          src.drag_to target
+          expect(@session).to have_content(/Item 3.*Item 1/, normalize_ws: true)
+        end
+      end
+
+      it 'should drag HTML5 default draggable element child' do
+        @session.visit('/with_js')
+        source = @session.find_link('drag_link_html5').find(:css, 'p')
+        target = @session.find(:id, 'drop_html5')
+        source.drag_to target
+        expect(@session).to have_xpath('//div[contains(., "HTML5 Dropped")]')
+      end
+
+      it 'should simulate a single held down modifier key' do
+        %I[alt ctrl meta shift].each do |modifier_key|
+          @session.visit('/with_js')
+
+          element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag_html5"]')
+          target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop_html5"]')
+
+          element.drag_to(target, drop_modifiers: modifier_key)
+
+          expect(@session).to have_css('div.drag_start', exact_text: 'HTML5 Dragged!')
+          expect(@session).to have_xpath("//div[contains(., 'HTML5 Dropped string: text/plain drag_html5-#{modifier_key}')]")
+        end
+      end
+
+      it 'should simulate multiple held down modifier keys' do
+        @session.visit('/with_js')
+
+        element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag_html5"]')
+        target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop_html5"]')
+
+        modifier_keys = %I[alt ctrl meta shift]
+
+        element.drag_to(target, drop_modifiers: modifier_keys)
+        expect(@session).to have_xpath("//div[contains(., 'HTML5 Dropped string: text/plain drag_html5-#{modifier_keys.join('-')}')]")
+      end
+
+      it 'should support key aliases' do
+        { control: :ctrl,
+          command: :meta,
+          cmd: :meta }.each do |(key_alias, key)|
+          @session.visit('/with_js')
+
+          element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag_html5"]')
+          target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop_html5"]')
+
+          element.drag_to(target, drop_modifiers: [key_alias])
+          expect(target).to have_text(%r{^HTML5 Dropped string: text/plain drag_html5-#{key}$}m, exact: true)
+        end
+      end
+
+      it 'should trigger a dragenter event, before the first dragover event' do
+        @session.visit('/with_js')
+        element = @session.find('//div[@id="drag_html5"]')
+        target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop_html5"]')
+        element.drag_to(target)
+
+        # Events are listed in reverse chronological order
+        expect(@session).to have_text(/DragOver.*DragEnter/m)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'Element#drop', requires: %i[js html5_drag] do
+    it 'can drop a file' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop_html5"]')
+      target.drop(
+        with_os_path_separators(File.expand_path('../fixtures/capybara.jpg', File.dirname(__FILE__)))
+      )
+      expect(@session).to have_xpath('//div[contains(., "HTML5 Dropped file: capybara.jpg")]')
+    end
+
+    it 'can drop multiple files' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop_html5"]')
+      target.drop(
+        with_os_path_separators(File.expand_path('../fixtures/capybara.jpg', File.dirname(__FILE__))),
+        with_os_path_separators(File.expand_path('../fixtures/test_file.txt', File.dirname(__FILE__)))
+      )
+      expect(@session).to have_xpath('//div[contains(., "HTML5 Dropped file: capybara.jpg")]')
+      expect(@session).to have_xpath('//div[contains(., "HTML5 Dropped file: test_file.txt")]')
+    end
+
+    it 'can drop strings' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop_html5"]')
+      target.drop('text/plain' => 'Some dropped text')
+      expect(@session).to have_xpath('//div[contains(., "HTML5 Dropped string: text/plain Some dropped text")]')
+    end
+
+    it 'can drop a pathname' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop_html5"]')
+      target.drop(
+        Pathname.new(with_os_path_separators(File.expand_path('../fixtures/capybara.jpg', File.dirname(__FILE__))))
+      )
+      expect(@session).to have_xpath('//div[contains(., "HTML5 Dropped file: capybara.jpg")]')
+    end
+
+    it 'can drop multiple strings' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      target = @session.find('//div[@id="drop_html5"]')
+      target.drop('text/plain' => 'Some dropped text', 'text/url' => 'http://www.google.com')
+      expect(@session).to have_xpath('//div[contains(., "HTML5 Dropped string: text/plain Some dropped text")]')
+      expect(@session).to have_xpath('//div[contains(., "HTML5 Dropped string: text/url http://www.google.com")]')
     end
   end
 
   describe '#hover', requires: [:hover] do
-    it "should allow hovering on an element" do
+    it 'should allow hovering on an element' do
       @session.visit('/with_hover')
       expect(@session.find(:css, '.wrapper:not(.scroll_needed) .hidden_until_hover', visible: false)).not_to be_visible
-      @session.find(:css,'.wrapper:not(.scroll_needed)').hover
+      @session.find(:css, '.wrapper:not(.scroll_needed)').hover
       expect(@session.find(:css, '.wrapper:not(.scroll_needed) .hidden_until_hover', visible: false)).to be_visible
     end
 
-    it "should allow hovering on an element that needs to be scrolled into view" do
+    it 'should allow hovering on an element that needs to be scrolled into view' do
       @session.visit('/with_hover')
       expect(@session.find(:css, '.wrapper.scroll_needed .hidden_until_hover', visible: false)).not_to be_visible
-      @session.find(:css,'.wrapper.scroll_needed').hover
+      @session.find(:css, '.wrapper.scroll_needed').hover
       expect(@session.find(:css, '.wrapper.scroll_needed .hidden_until_hover', visible: false)).to be_visible
     end
+
+    it 'should hover again after following a link and back' do
+      @session.visit('/with_hover')
+      @session.find(:css, '.wrapper:not(.scroll_needed)').hover
+      @session.click_link('Other hover page')
+      @session.click_link('Go back')
+      @session.find(:css, '.wrapper:not(.scroll_needed)').hover
+      expect(@session.find(:css, '.wrapper:not(.scroll_needed) .hidden_until_hover', visible: false)).to be_visible
+    end
   end
 
   describe '#click' do
-    it "should not follow a link if no href" do
+    it 'should not follow a link if no href' do
       @session.find(:css, '#link_placeholder').click
       expect(@session.current_url).to match(%r{/with_html$})
     end
 
-    it "should go to the same page if href is blank" do
+    it 'should go to the same page if href is blank' do
       @session.find(:css, '#link_blank_href').click
       sleep 1
       expect(@session).to have_current_path('/with_html')
     end
 
-    it "should be able to check a checkbox" do
+    it 'should be able to check a checkbox' do
       @session.visit('form')
       cbox = @session.find(:checkbox, 'form_terms_of_use')
       expect(cbox).not_to be_checked
@@ -343,7 +767,7 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "node" do
       expect(cbox).to be_checked
     end
 
-    it "should be able to uncheck a checkbox" do
+    it 'should be able to uncheck a checkbox' do
       @session.visit('/form')
       cbox = @session.find(:checkbox, 'form_pets_dog')
       expect(cbox).to be_checked
@@ -351,65 +775,523 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "node" do
       expect(cbox).not_to be_checked
     end
 
-    it "should be able to select a radio button" do
+    it 'should be able to select a radio button' do
       @session.visit('/form')
       radio = @session.find(:radio_button, 'gender_male')
       expect(radio).not_to be_checked
       radio.click
       expect(radio).to be_checked
     end
+
+    it 'should allow modifiers', requires: [:js] do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      @session.find(:css, '#click-test').click(:shift)
+      expect(@session).to have_link('Has been shift clicked')
+    end
+
+    it 'should allow multiple modifiers', requires: [:js] do
+      @session.visit('with_js')
+      @session.find(:css, '#click-test').click(:control, :alt, :meta, :shift)
+      # Selenium with Chrome on OSX ctrl-click generates a right click so just verify all keys but not click type
+      expect(@session).to have_link('alt control meta shift')
+    end
+
+    it 'should allow to adjust the click offset', requires: [:js] do
+      Capybara.w3c_click_offset = false
+      @session.visit('with_js')
+      @session.find(:css, '#click-test').click(x: 5, y: 5)
+      link = @session.find(:link, 'has-been-clicked')
+      locations = link.text.match(/^Has been clicked at (?<x>[\d.-]+),(?<y>[\d.-]+)$/)
+      # Resulting click location should be very close to 0, 0 relative to top left corner of the element, but may not be exact due to
+      # integer/float conversions and rounding.
+      expect(locations[:x].to_f).to be_within(1).of(5)
+      expect(locations[:y].to_f).to be_within(1).of(5)
+    end
+
+    it 'should raise error if both x and y values are not passed' do
+      @session.visit('with_js')
+      el = @session.find(:css, '#click-test')
+      expect { el.click(x: 5) }.to raise_error ArgumentError
+      expect { el.click(x: nil, y: 3) }.to raise_error ArgumentError
+    end
+
+    it 'should be able to click a table row', requires: [:js] do
+      @session.visit('/tables')
+      tr = @session.find(:css, '#agent_table tr:first-child').click
+      expect(tr).to have_css('label', text: 'Clicked')
+    end
+
+    it 'should retry clicking', requires: [:js] do
+      @session.visit('/animated')
+      obscured = @session.find(:css, '#obscured')
+      @session.execute_script <<~JS
+        setTimeout(function(){ $('#cover').hide(); }, 700)
+      JS
+      expect { obscured.click }.not_to raise_error
+    end
+
+    it 'should allow to retry longer', requires: [:js] do
+      @session.visit('/animated')
+      obscured = @session.find(:css, '#obscured')
+      @session.execute_script <<~JS
+        setTimeout(function(){ $('#cover').hide(); }, 3000)
+      JS
+      expect { obscured.click(wait: 4) }.not_to raise_error
+    end
+
+    it 'should not retry clicking when wait is disabled', requires: [:js] do
+      @session.visit('/animated')
+      obscured = @session.find(:css, '#obscured')
+      @session.execute_script <<~JS
+        setTimeout(function(){ $('#cover').hide(); }, 2000)
+      JS
+      expect { obscured.click(wait: 0) }.to(raise_error { |e| expect(e).to be_an_invalid_element_error(@session) })
+    end
+
+    context 'offset', requires: [:js] do
+      before do
+        @session.visit('/offset')
+      end
+
+      let :clicker do
+        @session.find(:id, 'clicker')
+      end
+
+      context 'when w3c_click_offset is false' do
+        before do
+          Capybara.w3c_click_offset = false
+        end
+
+        it 'should offset from top left of element' do
+          clicker.click(x: 10, y: 5)
+          expect(@session).to have_text(/clicked at 110,105/)
+        end
+
+        it 'should offset outside the element' do
+          clicker.click(x: -15, y: -10)
+          expect(@session).to have_text(/clicked at 85,90/)
+        end
+
+        it 'should default to click the middle' do
+          clicker.click
+          expect(@session).to have_text(/clicked at 150,150/)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when w3c_click_offset is true' do
+        before do
+          Capybara.w3c_click_offset = true
+        end
+
+        it 'should offset from center of element' do
+          clicker.click(x: 10, y: 5)
+          expect(@session).to have_text(/clicked at 160,155/)
+        end
+
+        it 'should offset outside from center of element' do
+          clicker.click(x: -65, y: -60)
+          expect(@session).to have_text(/clicked at 85,90/)
+        end
+
+        it 'should default to click the middle' do
+          clicker.click
+          expect(@session).to have_text(/clicked at 150,150/)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'delay', requires: [:js] do
+      it 'should delay the mouse up' do
+        @session.visit('with_js')
+        @session.find(:css, '#click-test').click(delay: 2)
+        delay = @session.evaluate_script('window.click_delay')
+        expect(delay).to be >= 2
+      end
+    end
   end
 
   describe '#double_click', requires: [:js] do
-    it "should double click an element" do
-      pending "selenium-webdriver/geckodriver doesn't generate double click event" if marionette?(@session)
+    it 'should double click an element' do
       @session.visit('/with_js')
       @session.find(:css, '#click-test').double_click
-      expect(@session.find(:css, '#has-been-double-clicked')).to be
+      expect(@session.find(:css, '#has-been-double-clicked')).to be_truthy
+    end
+
+    it 'should allow modifiers', requires: [:js] do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      @session.find(:css, '#click-test').double_click(:alt)
+      expect(@session).to have_link('Has been alt double clicked')
+    end
+
+    it 'should allow to adjust the offset', requires: [:js] do
+      Capybara.w3c_click_offset = false
+      @session.visit('with_js')
+      @session.find(:css, '#click-test').double_click(x: 10, y: 5)
+      link = @session.find(:link, 'has-been-double-clicked')
+      locations = link.text.match(/^Has been double clicked at (?<x>[\d.-]+),(?<y>[\d.-]+)$/)
+      # Resulting click location should be very close to 10, 5 relative to top left corner of the element, but may not be exact due
+      # to integer/float conversions and rounding.
+      expect(locations[:x].to_f).to be_within(1).of(10)
+      expect(locations[:y].to_f).to be_within(1).of(5)
+    end
+
+    it 'should retry clicking', requires: [:js] do
+      @session.visit('/animated')
+      obscured = @session.find(:css, '#obscured')
+      @session.execute_script <<~JS
+        setTimeout(function(){ $('#cover').hide(); }, 700)
+      JS
+      expect { obscured.double_click }.not_to raise_error
+    end
+
+    context 'offset', requires: [:js] do
+      before do
+        @session.visit('/offset')
+      end
+
+      let :clicker do
+        @session.find(:id, 'clicker')
+      end
+
+      context 'when w3c_click_offset is false' do
+        before do
+          Capybara.w3c_click_offset = false
+        end
+
+        it 'should offset from top left of element' do
+          clicker.double_click(x: 10, y: 5)
+          expect(@session).to have_text(/clicked at 110,105/)
+        end
+
+        it 'should offset outside the element' do
+          clicker.double_click(x: -15, y: -10)
+          expect(@session).to have_text(/clicked at 85,90/)
+        end
+
+        it 'should default to click the middle' do
+          clicker.double_click
+          expect(@session).to have_text(/clicked at 150,150/)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when w3c_click_offset is true' do
+        before do
+          Capybara.w3c_click_offset = true
+        end
+
+        it 'should offset from center of element' do
+          clicker.double_click(x: 10, y: 5)
+          expect(@session).to have_text(/clicked at 160,155/)
+        end
+
+        it 'should offset outside from center of element' do
+          clicker.double_click(x: -65, y: -60)
+          expect(@session).to have_text(/clicked at 85,90/)
+        end
+
+        it 'should default to click the middle' do
+          clicker.double_click
+          expect(@session).to have_text(/clicked at 150,150/)
+        end
+      end
     end
   end
 
   describe '#right_click', requires: [:js] do
-    it "should right click an element" do
+    it 'should right click an element' do
       @session.visit('/with_js')
       @session.find(:css, '#click-test').right_click
-      expect(@session.find(:css, '#has-been-right-clicked')).to be
+      expect(@session.find(:css, '#has-been-right-clicked')).to be_truthy
+    end
+
+    it 'should allow modifiers', requires: [:js] do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      @session.find(:css, '#click-test').right_click(:meta)
+      expect(@session).to have_link('Has been meta right clicked')
+    end
+
+    it 'should allow to adjust the offset', requires: [:js] do
+      Capybara.w3c_click_offset = false
+      @session.visit('with_js')
+      @session.find(:css, '#click-test').right_click(x: 10, y: 10)
+      link = @session.find(:link, 'has-been-right-clicked')
+      locations = link.text.match(/^Has been right clicked at (?<x>[\d.-]+),(?<y>[\d.-]+)$/)
+      # Resulting click location should be very close to 10, 10 relative to top left corner of the element, but may not be exact due
+      # to integer/float conversions and rounding
+      expect(locations[:x].to_f).to be_within(1).of(10)
+      expect(locations[:y].to_f).to be_within(1).of(10)
+    end
+
+    it 'should retry clicking', requires: [:js] do
+      @session.visit('/animated')
+      obscured = @session.find(:css, '#obscured')
+      @session.execute_script <<~JS
+        setTimeout(function(){ $('#cover').hide(); }, 700)
+      JS
+      expect { obscured.right_click }.not_to raise_error
+    end
+
+    context 'offset', requires: [:js] do
+      before do
+        @session.visit('/offset')
+      end
+
+      let :clicker do
+        @session.find(:id, 'clicker')
+      end
+
+      context 'when w3c_click_offset is false' do
+        before do
+          Capybara.w3c_click_offset = false
+        end
+
+        it 'should offset from top left of element' do
+          clicker.right_click(x: 10, y: 5)
+          expect(@session).to have_text(/clicked at 110,105/)
+        end
+
+        it 'should offset outside the element' do
+          clicker.right_click(x: -15, y: -10)
+          expect(@session).to have_text(/clicked at 85,90/)
+        end
+
+        it 'should default to click the middle' do
+          clicker.right_click
+          expect(@session).to have_text(/clicked at 150,150/)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when w3c_click_offset is true' do
+        before do
+          Capybara.w3c_click_offset = true
+        end
+
+        it 'should offset from center of element' do
+          clicker.right_click(x: 10, y: 5)
+          expect(@session).to have_text(/clicked at 160,155/)
+        end
+
+        it 'should offset outside from center of element' do
+          clicker.right_click(x: -65, y: -60)
+          expect(@session).to have_text(/clicked at 85,90/)
+        end
+
+        it 'should default to click the middle' do
+          clicker.right_click
+          expect(@session).to have_text(/clicked at 150,150/)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'delay', requires: [:js] do
+      it 'should delay the mouse up' do
+        @session.visit('with_js')
+        @session.find(:css, '#click-test').right_click(delay: 2)
+        delay = @session.evaluate_script('window.right_click_delay')
+        expect(delay).to be >= 2
+      end
     end
   end
 
   describe '#send_keys', requires: [:send_keys] do
-    it "should send a string of keys to an element" do
+    it 'should send a string of keys to an element' do
       @session.visit('/form')
       @session.find(:css, '#address1_city').send_keys('Oceanside')
       expect(@session.find(:css, '#address1_city').value).to eq 'Oceanside'
     end
 
-    it "should send special characters" do
-      pending "selenium-webdriver/geckodriver doesn't support complex sets of characters" if marionette?(@session)
+    it 'should send special characters' do
       @session.visit('/form')
       @session.find(:css, '#address1_city').send_keys('Ocean', :space, 'sie', :left, 'd')
       expect(@session.find(:css, '#address1_city').value).to eq 'Ocean side'
     end
 
-    it "should allow for multiple simultaneous keys" do
-      pending "selenium-webdriver/geckodriver doesn't support complex sets of characters" if marionette?(@session)
+    it 'should allow for multiple simultaneous keys' do
       @session.visit('/form')
       @session.find(:css, '#address1_city').send_keys([:shift, 'o'], 'ceanside')
       expect(@session.find(:css, '#address1_city').value).to eq 'Oceanside'
     end
 
-    it "should generate key events", requires: [:send_keys, :js] do
-      pending "selenium-webdriver/geckodriver doesn't support complex sets of characters" if marionette?(@session)
+    it 'should hold modifiers at top level' do
+      @session.visit('/form')
+      @session.find(:css, '#address1_city').send_keys('ocean', :shift, 'side')
+      expect(@session.find(:css, '#address1_city').value).to eq 'oceanSIDE'
+    end
+
+    it 'should generate key events', requires: %i[send_keys js] do
       @session.visit('/with_js')
-      @session.find(:css, '#with-key-events').send_keys([:shift,'t'], [:shift,'w'])
+      @session.find(:css, '#with-key-events').send_keys([:shift, 't'], [:shift, 'w'])
       expect(@session.find(:css, '#key-events-output')).to have_text('keydown:16 keydown:84 keydown:16 keydown:87')
     end
   end
 
+  describe '#execute_script', requires: %i[js es_args] do
+    it 'should execute the given script in the context of the element and return nothing' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      expect(@session.find(:css, '#change').execute_script("this.textContent = 'Funky Doodle'")).to be_nil
+      expect(@session).to have_css('#change', text: 'Funky Doodle')
+    end
+
+    it 'should pass arguments to the script' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      @session.find(:css, '#change').execute_script('this.textContent = arguments[0]', 'Doodle Funk')
+      expect(@session).to have_css('#change', text: 'Doodle Funk')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#evaluate_script', requires: %i[js es_args] do
+    it 'should evaluate the given script in the context of the element and return whatever it produces' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      el = @session.find(:css, '#with_change_event')
+      expect(el.evaluate_script('this.value')).to eq('default value')
+    end
+
+    it 'should ignore leading whitespace' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      expect(@session.find(:css, '#change').evaluate_script('
+        2 + 3
+      ')).to eq 5
+    end
+
+    it 'should pass arguments to the script' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      @session.find(:css, '#change').evaluate_script('this.textContent = arguments[0]', 'Doodle Funk')
+      expect(@session).to have_css('#change', text: 'Doodle Funk')
+    end
+
+    it 'should pass multiple arguments' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      change = @session.find(:css, '#change')
+      expect(change.evaluate_script('arguments[0] + arguments[1]', 2, 3)).to eq 5
+    end
+
+    it 'should support returning elements' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      change = @session.find(:css, '#change') # ensure page has loaded and element is available
+      el = change.evaluate_script('this')
+      expect(el).to be_instance_of(Capybara::Node::Element)
+      expect(el).to eq(change)
+    end
+
+    it 'should support multiple statements via IIFE' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      change = @session.find(:css, '#change') # ensure page has loaded and element is available
+      res = change.evaluate_script(<<~JS, 3)
+        (function(n){
+          var el = this;
+          return [el, n];
+        }).apply(this, arguments)
+      JS
+      expect(res).to eq [change, 3]
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#evaluate_async_script', requires: %i[js es_args] do
+    it 'should evaluate the given script in the context of the element' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      el = @session.find(:css, '#with_change_event')
+      expect(el.evaluate_async_script('arguments[0](this.value)')).to eq('default value')
+    end
+
+    it 'should support returning elements after asynchronous operation' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      change = @session.find(:css, '#change') # ensure page has loaded and element is available
+      el = change.evaluate_async_script('var cb = arguments[0]; setTimeout(function(el){ cb(el) }, 100, this)')
+      expect(el).to eq(change)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#shadow_root', requires: %i[js] do
+    it 'should get the shadow root' do
+      @session.visit('/with_shadow')
+      expect do
+        shadow_root = @session.find(:css, '#shadow_host').shadow_root
+        expect(shadow_root).to be_a(Capybara::Node::Element)
+      end.not_to raise_error
+    end
+
+    it 'should find elements inside the shadow dom using CSS' do
+      @session.visit('/with_shadow')
+      shadow_root = @session.find(:css, '#shadow_host').shadow_root
+      expect(shadow_root).to have_css('#shadow_content', text: 'some text')
+    end
+
+    it 'should find nested shadow roots' do
+      @session.visit('/with_shadow')
+      shadow_root = @session.find(:css, '#shadow_host').shadow_root
+      nested_shadow_root = shadow_root.find(:css, '#nested_shadow_host').shadow_root
+      expect(nested_shadow_root).to have_css('#nested_shadow_content', text: 'nested text')
+    end
+
+    it 'should click on elements' do
+      @session.visit('/with_shadow')
+      shadow_root = @session.find(:css, '#shadow_host').shadow_root
+      checkbox = shadow_root.find(:css, 'input[type="checkbox"]')
+      expect(checkbox).not_to be_checked
+      checkbox.click
+      expect(checkbox).to be_checked
+    end
+
+    it 'should use convenience methods once moved to a descendant of the shadow root' do
+      @session.visit('/with_shadow')
+      shadow_root = @session.find(:css, '#shadow_host').shadow_root
+      descendant = shadow_root.find(:css, '#controls_wrapper')
+      expect do
+        descendant.check('shadow_checkbox')
+      end.not_to raise_error
+      expect(descendant).to have_checked_field('shadow_checkbox')
+    end
+
+    it 'should produce error messages when failing' do
+      @session.visit('/with_shadow')
+      shadow_root = @session.find(:css, '#shadow_host').shadow_root
+      expect do
+        expect(shadow_root).to have_css('#shadow_content', text: 'Not in the document')
+      end.to raise_error(/tag="ShadowRoot"/)
+    end
+
+    it 'should get visible text' do
+      @session.visit('/with_shadow')
+      shadow_root = @session.find(:css, '#shadow_host').shadow_root
+      expect(shadow_root).to have_text('some text scroll.html')
+    end
+
+    it 'should get all text' do
+      @session.visit('/with_shadow')
+      shadow_root = @session.find(:css, '#shadow_host').shadow_root
+      expect(shadow_root).to have_text(:all, 'some text scroll.html')
+    end
+  end
+
   describe '#reload', requires: [:js] do
-    context "without automatic reload" do
+    it 'should reload elements found via ancestor with CSS' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      node = @session.find(:css, '#reload-me em').ancestor(:css, 'div')
+      node.reload
+      expect(node[:id]).to eq 'reload-me'
+    end
+
+    it 'should reload elements found via ancestor with XPath' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      node = @session.find(:css, '#reload-me em').ancestor(:xpath, './/div')
+      node.reload
+      expect(node[:id]).to eq 'reload-me'
+    end
+
+    it 'should reload elements found via sibling' do
+      @session.visit('/with_js')
+      node = @session.find(:css, '#the-list li', text: 'Item 1').sibling(:css, 'li')
+      expect(node.text).to eq 'Item 2'
+      node.reload
+      expect(node.text).to eq 'Item 2'
+    end
+
+    context 'without automatic reload' do
       before { Capybara.automatic_reload = false }
-      it "should reload the current context of the node" do
+
+      after { Capybara.automatic_reload = true }
+
+      it 'should reload the current context of the node' do
         @session.visit('/with_js')
         node = @session.find(:css, '#reload-me')
         @session.click_link('Reload!')
@@ -418,7 +1300,7 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "node" do
         expect(node.text).to eq('has been reloaded')
       end
 
-      it "should reload a parent node" do
+      it 'should reload a parent node' do
         @session.visit('/with_js')
         node = @session.find(:css, '#reload-me').find(:css, 'em')
         @session.click_link('Reload!')
@@ -427,26 +1309,25 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "node" do
         expect(node.text).to eq('has been reloaded')
       end
 
-      it "should not automatically reload" do
+      it 'should not automatically reload' do
         @session.visit('/with_js')
         node = @session.find(:css, '#reload-me')
         @session.click_link('Reload!')
         sleep(0.3)
         expect do
           expect(node).to have_text('has been reloaded')
-        end.to raise_error do |error|
+        end.to(raise_error do |error|
           expect(error).to be_an_invalid_element_error(@session)
-        end
+        end)
       end
-      after { Capybara.automatic_reload = true }
     end
 
-    context "with automatic reload" do
+    context 'with automatic reload' do
       before do
         Capybara.default_max_wait_time = 4
       end
 
-      it "should reload the current context of the node automatically" do
+      it 'should reload the current context of the node automatically' do
         @session.visit('/with_js')
         node = @session.find(:css, '#reload-me')
         @session.click_link('Reload!')
@@ -454,7 +1335,7 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "node" do
         expect(node.text).to eq('has been reloaded')
       end
 
-      it "should reload a parent node automatically" do
+      it 'should reload a parent node automatically' do
         @session.visit('/with_js')
         node = @session.find(:css, '#reload-me').find(:css, 'em')
         @session.click_link('Reload!')
@@ -462,7 +1343,7 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "node" do
         expect(node.text).to eq('has been reloaded')
       end
 
-      it "should reload a node automatically when using find" do
+      it 'should reload a node automatically when using find' do
         @session.visit('/with_js')
         node = @session.find(:css, '#reload-me')
         @session.click_link('Reload!')
@@ -478,19 +1359,15 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "node" do
 
         expect do
           expect(node).to have_text('Foo')
-        end.to raise_error { |error|
-          expect(error).to be_an_invalid_element_error(@session)
-        }
+        end.to(raise_error { |error| expect(error).to be_an_invalid_element_error(@session) })
         expect do
           expect(node).to have_text('Bar')
-        end.to raise_error { |error|
-          expect(error).to be_an_invalid_element_error(@session)
-        }
+        end.to(raise_error { |error| expect(error).to be_an_invalid_element_error(@session) })
       end
 
-      it "should reload nodes with options" do
+      it 'should reload nodes with options' do
         @session.visit('/with_js')
-        node = @session.find(:css, 'em', text: "reloaded")
+        node = @session.find(:css, 'em', text: 'reloaded')
         @session.click_link('Reload!')
         sleep(1)
         expect(node.text).to eq('has been reloaded')
@@ -498,31 +1375,25 @@ Capybara::SpecHelper.spec "node" do
     end
   end
 
-  context "when #synchronize raises server errors" do
-    it "sets an explanatory exception as the cause of server exceptions", requires: [:server, :js] do
-      skip "This version of ruby doesn't support exception causes" unless Exception.instance_methods.include? :cause
-      quietly { @session.visit("/error") }
+  context 'when #synchronize raises server errors' do
+    it 'sets an explanatory exception as the cause of server exceptions', requires: %i[server js] do
+      quietly { @session.visit('/error') }
       expect do
         @session.find(:css, 'span')
-      end.to raise_error(TestApp::TestAppError) do |e|
+      end.to(raise_error(TestApp::TestAppError) do |e|
         expect(e.cause).to be_a Capybara::CapybaraError
         expect(e.cause.message).to match(/Your application server raised an error/)
-      end
+      end)
     end
 
-    it "sets an explanatory exception as the cause of server exceptions with errors with initializers", requires: [:server, :js] do
-      skip "This version of ruby doesn't support exception causes" unless Exception.instance_methods.include? :cause
-      quietly { @session.visit("/other_error") }
+    it 'sets an explanatory exception as the cause of server exceptions with errors with initializers', requires: %i[server js] do
+      quietly { @session.visit('/other_error') }
       expect do
         @session.find(:css, 'span')
-      end.to raise_error(TestApp::TestAppOtherError) do |e|
+      end.to(raise_error(TestApp::TestAppOtherError) do |e|
         expect(e.cause).to be_a Capybara::CapybaraError
         expect(e.cause.message).to match(/Your application server raised an error/)
-      end
+      end)
     end
   end
-
-  def be_an_invalid_element_error(session)
-    satisfy { |error| session.driver.invalid_element_errors.any? { |e| error.is_a? e } }
-  end
 end