activerecord 3.2.6 → 6.0.0

data/lib/active_record/attributes.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "active_model/attribute/user_provided_default"
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  # See ActiveRecord::Attributes::ClassMethods for documentation
+  module Attributes
+    extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+
+    included do
+      class_attribute :attributes_to_define_after_schema_loads, instance_accessor: false, default: {} # :internal:
+    end
+
+    module ClassMethods
+      # Defines an attribute with a type on this model. It will override the
+      # type of existing attributes if needed. This allows control over how
+      # values are converted to and from SQL when assigned to a model. It also
+      # changes the behavior of values passed to
+      # {ActiveRecord::Base.where}[rdoc-ref:QueryMethods#where]. This will let you use
+      # your domain objects across much of Active Record, without having to
+      # rely on implementation details or monkey patching.
+      #
+      # +name+ The name of the methods to define attribute methods for, and the
+      # column which this will persist to.
+      #
+      # +cast_type+ A symbol such as +:string+ or +:integer+, or a type object
+      # to be used for this attribute. See the examples below for more
+      # information about providing custom type objects.
+      #
+      # ==== Options
+      #
+      # The following options are accepted:
+      #
+      # +default+ The default value to use when no value is provided. If this option
+      # is not passed, the previous default value (if any) will be used.
+      # Otherwise, the default will be +nil+.
+      #
+      # +array+ (PostgreSQL only) specifies that the type should be an array (see the
+      # examples below).
+      #
+      # +range+ (PostgreSQL only) specifies that the type should be a range (see the
+      # examples below).
+      #
+      # When using a symbol for +cast_type+, extra options are forwarded to the
+      # constructor of the type object.
+      #
+      # ==== Examples
+      #
+      # The type detected by Active Record can be overridden.
+      #
+      #   # db/schema.rb
+      #   create_table :store_listings, force: true do |t|
+      #     t.decimal :price_in_cents
+      #   end
+      #
+      #   # app/models/store_listing.rb
+      #   class StoreListing < ActiveRecord::Base
+      #   end
+      #
+      #   store_listing = StoreListing.new(price_in_cents: '10.1')
+      #
+      #   # before
+      #   store_listing.price_in_cents # => BigDecimal(10.1)
+      #
+      #   class StoreListing < ActiveRecord::Base
+      #     attribute :price_in_cents, :integer
+      #   end
+      #
+      #   # after
+      #   store_listing.price_in_cents # => 10
+      #
+      # A default can also be provided.
+      #
+      #   # db/schema.rb
+      #   create_table :store_listings, force: true do |t|
+      #     t.string :my_string, default: "original default"
+      #   end
+      #
+      #   StoreListing.new.my_string # => "original default"
+      #
+      #   # app/models/store_listing.rb
+      #   class StoreListing < ActiveRecord::Base
+      #     attribute :my_string, :string, default: "new default"
+      #   end
+      #
+      #   StoreListing.new.my_string # => "new default"
+      #
+      #   class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
+      #     attribute :my_default_proc, :datetime, default: -> { Time.now }
+      #   end
+      #
+      #   Product.new.my_default_proc # => 2015-05-30 11:04:48 -0600
+      #   sleep 1
+      #   Product.new.my_default_proc # => 2015-05-30 11:04:49 -0600
+      #
+      # \Attributes do not need to be backed by a database column.
+      #
+      #   # app/models/my_model.rb
+      #   class MyModel < ActiveRecord::Base
+      #     attribute :my_string, :string
+      #     attribute :my_int_array, :integer, array: true
+      #     attribute :my_float_range, :float, range: true
+      #   end
+      #
+      #   model = MyModel.new(
+      #     my_string: "string",
+      #     my_int_array: ["1", "2", "3"],
+      #     my_float_range: "[1,3.5]",
+      #   )
+      #   model.attributes
+      #   # =>
+      #     {
+      #       my_string: "string",
+      #       my_int_array: [1, 2, 3],
+      #       my_float_range: 1.0..3.5
+      #     }
+      #
+      # Passing options to the type constructor
+      #
+      #   # app/models/my_model.rb
+      #   class MyModel < ActiveRecord::Base
+      #     attribute :small_int, :integer, limit: 2
+      #   end
+      #
+      #   MyModel.create(small_int: 65537)
+      #   # => Error: 65537 is out of range for the limit of two bytes
+      #
+      # ==== Creating Custom Types
+      #
+      # Users may also define their own custom types, as long as they respond
+      # to the methods defined on the value type. The method +deserialize+ or
+      # +cast+ will be called on your type object, with raw input from the
+      # database or from your controllers. See ActiveModel::Type::Value for the
+      # expected API. It is recommended that your type objects inherit from an
+      # existing type, or from ActiveRecord::Type::Value
+      #
+      #   class MoneyType < ActiveRecord::Type::Integer
+      #     def cast(value)
+      #       if !value.kind_of?(Numeric) && value.include?('$')
+      #         price_in_dollars = value.gsub(/\$/, '').to_f
+      #         super(price_in_dollars * 100)
+      #       else
+      #         super
+      #       end
+      #     end
+      #   end
+      #
+      #   # config/initializers/types.rb
+      #   ActiveRecord::Type.register(:money, MoneyType)
+      #
+      #   # app/models/store_listing.rb
+      #   class StoreListing < ActiveRecord::Base
+      #     attribute :price_in_cents, :money
+      #   end
+      #
+      #   store_listing = StoreListing.new(price_in_cents: '$10.00')
+      #   store_listing.price_in_cents # => 1000
+      #
+      # For more details on creating custom types, see the documentation for
+      # ActiveModel::Type::Value. For more details on registering your types
+      # to be referenced by a symbol, see ActiveRecord::Type.register. You can
+      # also pass a type object directly, in place of a symbol.
+      #
+      # ==== \Querying
+      #
+      # When {ActiveRecord::Base.where}[rdoc-ref:QueryMethods#where] is called, it will
+      # use the type defined by the model class to convert the value to SQL,
+      # calling +serialize+ on your type object. For example:
+      #
+      #   class Money < Struct.new(:amount, :currency)
+      #   end
+      #
+      #   class MoneyType < Type::Value
+      #     def initialize(currency_converter:)
+      #       @currency_converter = currency_converter
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     # value will be the result of +deserialize+ or
+      #     # +cast+. Assumed to be an instance of +Money+ in
+      #     # this case.
+      #     def serialize(value)
+      #       value_in_bitcoins = @currency_converter.convert_to_bitcoins(value)
+      #       value_in_bitcoins.amount
+      #     end
+      #   end
+      #
+      #   # config/initializers/types.rb
+      #   ActiveRecord::Type.register(:money, MoneyType)
+      #
+      #   # app/models/product.rb
+      #   class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
+      #     currency_converter = ConversionRatesFromTheInternet.new
+      #     attribute :price_in_bitcoins, :money, currency_converter: currency_converter
+      #   end
+      #
+      #   Product.where(price_in_bitcoins: Money.new(5, "USD"))
+      #   # => SELECT * FROM products WHERE price_in_bitcoins = 0.02230
+      #
+      #   Product.where(price_in_bitcoins: Money.new(5, "GBP"))
+      #   # => SELECT * FROM products WHERE price_in_bitcoins = 0.03412
+      #
+      # ==== Dirty Tracking
+      #
+      # The type of an attribute is given the opportunity to change how dirty
+      # tracking is performed. The methods +changed?+ and +changed_in_place?+
+      # will be called from ActiveModel::Dirty. See the documentation for those
+      # methods in ActiveModel::Type::Value for more details.
+      def attribute(name, cast_type = Type::Value.new, **options)
+        name = name.to_s
+        reload_schema_from_cache
+
+        self.attributes_to_define_after_schema_loads =
+          attributes_to_define_after_schema_loads.merge(
+            name => [cast_type, options]
+          )
+      end
+
+      # This is the low level API which sits beneath +attribute+. It only
+      # accepts type objects, and will do its work immediately instead of
+      # waiting for the schema to load. Automatic schema detection and
+      # ClassMethods#attribute both call this under the hood. While this method
+      # is provided so it can be used by plugin authors, application code
+      # should probably use ClassMethods#attribute.
+      #
+      # +name+ The name of the attribute being defined. Expected to be a +String+.
+      #
+      # +cast_type+ The type object to use for this attribute.
+      #
+      # +default+ The default value to use when no value is provided. If this option
+      # is not passed, the previous default value (if any) will be used.
+      # Otherwise, the default will be +nil+. A proc can also be passed, and
+      # will be called once each time a new value is needed.
+      #
+      # +user_provided_default+ Whether the default value should be cast using
+      # +cast+ or +deserialize+.
+      def define_attribute(
+        name,
+        cast_type,
+        default: NO_DEFAULT_PROVIDED,
+        user_provided_default: true
+      )
+        attribute_types[name] = cast_type
+        define_default_attribute(name, default, cast_type, from_user: user_provided_default)
+      end
+
+      def load_schema! # :nodoc:
+        super
+        attributes_to_define_after_schema_loads.each do |name, (type, options)|
+          if type.is_a?(Symbol)
+            type = ActiveRecord::Type.lookup(type, **options.except(:default))
+          end
+
+          define_attribute(name, type, **options.slice(:default))
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+
+        NO_DEFAULT_PROVIDED = Object.new # :nodoc:
+        private_constant :NO_DEFAULT_PROVIDED
+
+        def define_default_attribute(name, value, type, from_user:)
+          if value == NO_DEFAULT_PROVIDED
+            default_attribute = _default_attributes[name].with_type(type)
+          elsif from_user
+            default_attribute = ActiveModel::Attribute::UserProvidedDefault.new(
+              name,
+              value,
+              type,
+              _default_attributes.fetch(name.to_s) { nil },
+            )
+          else
+            default_attribute = ActiveModel::Attribute.from_database(name, value, type)
+          end
+          _default_attributes[name] = default_attribute
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end