qiskit 1.0.0b1__cp38-abi3-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl

qiskit/visualization/gate_map.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1461 @@
+# This code is part of Qiskit.
+#
+# (C) Copyright IBM 2017, 2018.
+#
+# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
+# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
+# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+#
+# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
+# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
+# that they have been altered from the originals.
+
+"""A module for visualizing device coupling maps"""
+
+import math
+from typing import List
+
+import numpy as np
+import rustworkx as rx
+from rustworkx.visualization import graphviz_draw
+
+from qiskit.exceptions import QiskitError
+from qiskit.utils import optionals as _optionals
+from qiskit.providers.exceptions import BackendPropertyError
+from qiskit.transpiler.coupling import CouplingMap
+from .exceptions import VisualizationError
+
+
+def _get_backend_interface_version(backend):
+    backend_interface_version = getattr(backend, "version", None)
+    return backend_interface_version
+
+
+@_optionals.HAS_MATPLOTLIB.require_in_call
+def plot_gate_map(
+    backend,
+    figsize=None,
+    plot_directed=False,
+    label_qubits=True,
+    qubit_size=None,
+    line_width=4,
+    font_size=None,
+    qubit_color=None,
+    qubit_labels=None,
+    line_color=None,
+    font_color="white",
+    ax=None,
+    filename=None,
+    qubit_coordinates=None,
+):
+    """Plots the gate map of a device.
+
+    Args:
+        backend (Backend): The backend instance that will be used to plot the device
+            gate map.
+        figsize (tuple): Output figure size (wxh) in inches.
+        plot_directed (bool): Plot directed coupling map.
+        label_qubits (bool): Label the qubits.
+        qubit_size (float): Size of qubit marker.
+        line_width (float): Width of lines.
+        font_size (int): Font size of qubit labels.
+        qubit_color (list): A list of colors for the qubits
+        qubit_labels (list): A list of qubit labels
+        line_color (list): A list of colors for each line from coupling_map.
+        font_color (str): The font color for the qubit labels.
+        ax (Axes): A Matplotlib axes instance.
+        filename (str): file path to save image to.
+        qubit_coordinates (Sequence): An optional sequence input (list or array being the
+            most common) of 2d coordinates for each qubit. The length of the
+            sequence much match the number of qubits on the backend. The sequence
+            should be the planar coordinates in a 0-based square grid where each
+            qubit is located.
+
+    Returns:
+        Figure: A Matplotlib figure instance.
+
+    Raises:
+        QiskitError: if tried to pass a simulator, or if the backend is None,
+            but one of num_qubits, mpl_data, or cmap is None.
+        MissingOptionalLibraryError: if matplotlib not installed.
+
+    Example:
+
+        .. plot::
+           :include-source:
+
+           from qiskit import QuantumCircuit, execute
+           from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakeVigoV2
+           from qiskit.visualization import plot_gate_map
+
+           backend = FakeVigoV2()
+
+           plot_gate_map(backend)
+    """
+    qubit_coordinates_map = {}
+
+    qubit_coordinates_map[5] = [[1, 0], [0, 1], [1, 1], [1, 2], [2, 1]]
+
+    qubit_coordinates_map[7] = [[0, 0], [0, 1], [0, 2], [1, 1], [2, 0], [2, 1], [2, 2]]
+
+    qubit_coordinates_map[20] = [
+        [0, 0],
+        [0, 1],
+        [0, 2],
+        [0, 3],
+        [0, 4],
+        [1, 0],
+        [1, 1],
+        [1, 2],
+        [1, 3],
+        [1, 4],
+        [2, 0],
+        [2, 1],
+        [2, 2],
+        [2, 3],
+        [2, 4],
+        [3, 0],
+        [3, 1],
+        [3, 2],
+        [3, 3],
+        [3, 4],
+    ]
+
+    qubit_coordinates_map[15] = [
+        [0, 0],
+        [0, 1],
+        [0, 2],
+        [0, 3],
+        [0, 4],
+        [0, 5],
+        [0, 6],
+        [1, 7],
+        [1, 6],
+        [1, 5],
+        [1, 4],
+        [1, 3],
+        [1, 2],
+        [1, 1],
+        [1, 0],
+    ]
+
+    qubit_coordinates_map[16] = [
+        [1, 0],
+        [1, 1],
+        [2, 1],
+        [3, 1],
+        [1, 2],
+        [3, 2],
+        [0, 3],
+        [1, 3],
+        [3, 3],
+        [4, 3],
+        [1, 4],
+        [3, 4],
+        [1, 5],
+        [2, 5],
+        [3, 5],
+        [1, 6],
+    ]
+
+    qubit_coordinates_map[27] = [
+        [1, 0],
+        [1, 1],
+        [2, 1],
+        [3, 1],
+        [1, 2],
+        [3, 2],
+        [0, 3],
+        [1, 3],
+        [3, 3],
+        [4, 3],
+        [1, 4],
+        [3, 4],
+        [1, 5],
+        [2, 5],
+        [3, 5],
+        [1, 6],
+        [3, 6],
+        [0, 7],
+        [1, 7],
+        [3, 7],
+        [4, 7],
+        [1, 8],
+        [3, 8],
+        [1, 9],
+        [2, 9],
+        [3, 9],
+        [3, 10],
+    ]
+
+    qubit_coordinates_map[28] = [
+        [0, 2],
+        [0, 3],
+        [0, 4],
+        [0, 5],
+        [0, 6],
+        [1, 2],
+        [1, 6],
+        [2, 0],
+        [2, 1],
+        [2, 2],
+        [2, 3],
+        [2, 4],
+        [2, 5],
+        [2, 6],
+        [2, 7],
+        [2, 8],
+        [3, 0],
+        [3, 4],
+        [3, 8],
+        [4, 0],
+        [4, 1],
+        [4, 2],
+        [4, 3],
+        [4, 4],
+        [4, 5],
+        [4, 6],
+        [4, 7],
+        [4, 8],
+    ]
+
+    qubit_coordinates_map[53] = [
+        [0, 2],
+        [0, 3],
+        [0, 4],
+        [0, 5],
+        [0, 6],
+        [1, 2],
+        [1, 6],
+        [2, 0],
+        [2, 1],
+        [2, 2],
+        [2, 3],
+        [2, 4],
+        [2, 5],
+        [2, 6],
+        [2, 7],
+        [2, 8],
+        [3, 0],
+        [3, 4],
+        [3, 8],
+        [4, 0],
+        [4, 1],
+        [4, 2],
+        [4, 3],
+        [4, 4],
+        [4, 5],
+        [4, 6],
+        [4, 7],
+        [4, 8],
+        [5, 2],
+        [5, 6],
+        [6, 0],
+        [6, 1],
+        [6, 2],
+        [6, 3],
+        [6, 4],
+        [6, 5],
+        [6, 6],
+        [6, 7],
+        [6, 8],
+        [7, 0],
+        [7, 4],
+        [7, 8],
+        [8, 0],
+        [8, 1],
+        [8, 2],
+        [8, 3],
+        [8, 4],
+        [8, 5],
+        [8, 6],
+        [8, 7],
+        [8, 8],
+        [9, 2],
+        [9, 6],
+    ]
+
+    qubit_coordinates_map[65] = [
+        [0, 0],
+        [0, 1],
+        [0, 2],
+        [0, 3],
+        [0, 4],
+        [0, 5],
+        [0, 6],
+        [0, 7],
+        [0, 8],
+        [0, 9],
+        [1, 0],
+        [1, 4],
+        [1, 8],
+        [2, 0],
+        [2, 1],
+        [2, 2],
+        [2, 3],
+        [2, 4],
+        [2, 5],
+        [2, 6],
+        [2, 7],
+        [2, 8],
+        [2, 9],
+        [2, 10],
+        [3, 2],
+        [3, 6],
+        [3, 10],
+        [4, 0],
+        [4, 1],
+        [4, 2],
+        [4, 3],
+        [4, 4],
+        [4, 5],
+        [4, 6],
+        [4, 7],
+        [4, 8],
+        [4, 9],
+        [4, 10],
+        [5, 0],
+        [5, 4],
+        [5, 8],
+        [6, 0],
+        [6, 1],
+        [6, 2],
+        [6, 3],
+        [6, 4],
+        [6, 5],
+        [6, 6],
+        [6, 7],
+        [6, 8],
+        [6, 9],
+        [6, 10],
+        [7, 2],
+        [7, 6],
+        [7, 10],
+        [8, 1],
+        [8, 2],
+        [8, 3],
+        [8, 4],
+        [8, 5],
+        [8, 6],
+        [8, 7],
+        [8, 8],
+        [8, 9],
+        [8, 10],
+    ]
+
+    qubit_coordinates_map[127] = [
+        [0, 0],
+        [0, 1],
+        [0, 2],
+        [0, 3],
+        [0, 4],
+        [0, 5],
+        [0, 6],
+        [0, 7],
+        [0, 8],
+        [0, 9],
+        [0, 10],
+        [0, 11],
+        [0, 12],
+        [0, 13],
+        [1, 0],
+        [1, 4],
+        [1, 8],
+        [1, 12],
+        [2, 0],
+        [2, 1],
+        [2, 2],
+        [2, 3],
+        [2, 4],
+        [2, 5],
+        [2, 6],
+        [2, 7],
+        [2, 8],
+        [2, 9],
+        [2, 10],
+        [2, 11],
+        [2, 12],
+        [2, 13],
+        [2, 14],
+        [3, 2],
+        [3, 6],
+        [3, 10],
+        [3, 14],
+        [4, 0],
+        [4, 1],
+        [4, 2],
+        [4, 3],
+        [4, 4],
+        [4, 5],
+        [4, 6],
+        [4, 7],
+        [4, 8],
+        [4, 9],
+        [4, 10],
+        [4, 11],
+        [4, 12],
+        [4, 13],
+        [4, 14],
+        [5, 0],
+        [5, 4],
+        [5, 8],
+        [5, 12],
+        [6, 0],
+        [6, 1],
+        [6, 2],
+        [6, 3],
+        [6, 4],
+        [6, 5],
+        [6, 6],
+        [6, 7],
+        [6, 8],
+        [6, 9],
+        [6, 10],
+        [6, 11],
+        [6, 12],
+        [6, 13],
+        [6, 14],
+        [7, 2],
+        [7, 6],
+        [7, 10],
+        [7, 14],
+        [8, 0],
+        [8, 1],
+        [8, 2],
+        [8, 3],
+        [8, 4],
+        [8, 5],
+        [8, 6],
+        [8, 7],
+        [8, 8],
+        [8, 9],
+        [8, 10],
+        [8, 11],
+        [8, 12],
+        [8, 13],
+        [8, 14],
+        [9, 0],
+        [9, 4],
+        [9, 8],
+        [9, 12],
+        [10, 0],
+        [10, 1],
+        [10, 2],
+        [10, 3],
+        [10, 4],
+        [10, 5],
+        [10, 6],
+        [10, 7],
+        [10, 8],
+        [10, 9],
+        [10, 10],
+        [10, 11],
+        [10, 12],
+        [10, 13],
+        [10, 14],
+        [11, 2],
+        [11, 6],
+        [11, 10],
+        [11, 14],
+        [12, 1],
+        [12, 2],
+        [12, 3],
+        [12, 4],
+        [12, 5],
+        [12, 6],
+        [12, 7],
+        [12, 8],
+        [12, 9],
+        [12, 10],
+        [12, 11],
+        [12, 12],
+        [12, 13],
+        [12, 14],
+    ]
+
+    qubit_coordinates_map[433] = [
+        [0, 0],
+        [0, 1],
+        [0, 2],
+        [0, 3],
+        [0, 4],
+        [0, 5],
+        [0, 6],
+        [0, 7],
+        [0, 8],
+        [0, 9],
+        [0, 10],
+        [0, 11],
+        [0, 12],
+        [0, 13],
+        [0, 14],
+        [0, 15],
+        [0, 16],
+        [0, 17],
+        [0, 18],
+        [0, 19],
+        [0, 20],
+        [0, 21],
+        [0, 22],
+        [0, 23],
+        [0, 24],
+        [0, 25],
+        [1, 0],
+        [1, 4],
+        [1, 8],
+        [1, 12],
+        [1, 16],
+        [1, 20],
+        [1, 24],
+        [2, 0],
+        [2, 1],
+        [2, 2],
+        [2, 3],
+        [2, 4],
+        [2, 5],
+        [2, 6],
+        [2, 7],
+        [2, 8],
+        [2, 9],
+        [2, 10],
+        [2, 11],
+        [2, 12],
+        [2, 13],
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+        [2, 25],
+        [2, 26],
+        [3, 2],
+        [3, 6],
+        [3, 10],
+        [3, 14],
+        [3, 18],
+        [3, 22],
+        [3, 26],
+        [4, 0],
+        [4, 1],
+        [4, 2],
+        [4, 3],
+        [4, 4],
+        [4, 5],
+        [4, 6],
+        [4, 7],
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+        [5, 0],
+        [5, 4],
+        [5, 8],
+        [5, 12],
+        [5, 16],
+        [5, 20],
+        [5, 24],
+        [6, 0],
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+        [9, 8],
+        [9, 12],
+        [9, 16],
+        [9, 20],
+        [9, 24],
+        [10, 0],
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+        [10, 2],
+        [10, 3],
+        [10, 4],
+        [10, 5],
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+        [11, 2],
+        [11, 6],
+        [11, 10],
+        [11, 14],
+        [11, 18],
+        [11, 22],
+        [11, 26],
+        [12, 0],
+        [12, 1],
+        [12, 2],
+        [12, 3],
+        [12, 4],
+        [12, 5],
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+        [22, 21],
+        [22, 22],
+        [22, 23],
+        [22, 24],
+        [22, 25],
+        [22, 26],
+        [23, 2],
+        [23, 6],
+        [23, 10],
+        [23, 14],
+        [23, 18],
+        [23, 22],
+        [23, 26],
+        [24, 1],
+        [24, 2],
+        [24, 3],
+        [24, 4],
+        [24, 5],
+        [24, 6],
+        [24, 7],
+        [24, 8],
+        [24, 9],
+        [24, 10],
+        [24, 11],
+        [24, 12],
+        [24, 13],
+        [24, 14],
+        [24, 15],
+        [24, 16],
+        [24, 17],
+        [24, 18],
+        [24, 19],
+        [24, 20],
+        [24, 21],
+        [24, 22],
+        [24, 23],
+        [24, 24],
+        [24, 25],
+        [24, 26],
+    ]
+
+    backend_version = _get_backend_interface_version(backend)
+    if backend_version <= 1:
+        if backend.configuration().simulator:
+            raise QiskitError("Requires a device backend, not simulator.")
+        config = backend.configuration()
+        num_qubits = config.n_qubits
+        coupling_map = CouplingMap(config.coupling_map)
+        name = backend.name()
+    else:
+        num_qubits = backend.num_qubits
+        coupling_map = backend.coupling_map
+        name = backend.name
+    if qubit_coordinates is None and ("ibm" in name or "fake" in name):
+        qubit_coordinates = qubit_coordinates_map.get(num_qubits, None)
+
+    if qubit_coordinates:
+        if len(qubit_coordinates) != num_qubits:
+            raise QiskitError(
+                f"The number of specified qubit coordinates {len(qubit_coordinates)} "
+                f"does not match the device number of qubits: {num_qubits}"
+            )
+    return plot_coupling_map(
+        num_qubits,
+        qubit_coordinates,
+        coupling_map.get_edges(),
+        figsize,
+        plot_directed,
+        label_qubits,
+        qubit_size,
+        line_width,
+        font_size,
+        qubit_color,
+        qubit_labels,
+        line_color,
+        font_color,
+        ax,
+        filename,
+    )
+
+
+@_optionals.HAS_MATPLOTLIB.require_in_call
+@_optionals.HAS_GRAPHVIZ.require_in_call
+def plot_coupling_map(
+    num_qubits: int,
+    qubit_coordinates: List[List[int]],
+    coupling_map: List[List[int]],
+    figsize=None,
+    plot_directed=False,
+    label_qubits=True,
+    qubit_size=None,
+    line_width=4,
+    font_size=None,
+    qubit_color=None,
+    qubit_labels=None,
+    line_color=None,
+    font_color="white",
+    ax=None,
+    filename=None,
+):
+    """Plots an arbitrary coupling map of qubits (embedded in a plane).
+
+    Args:
+        num_qubits (int): The number of qubits defined and plotted.
+        qubit_coordinates (List[List[int]]): A list of two-element lists, with entries of each nested
+            list being the planar coordinates in a 0-based square grid where each qubit is located.
+        coupling_map (List[List[int]]): A list of two-element lists, with entries of each nested
+            list being the qubit numbers of the bonds to be plotted.
+        figsize (tuple): Output figure size (wxh) in inches.
+        plot_directed (bool): Plot directed coupling map.
+        label_qubits (bool): Label the qubits.
+        qubit_size (float): Size of qubit marker.
+        line_width (float): Width of lines.
+        font_size (int): Font size of qubit labels.
+        qubit_color (list): A list of colors for the qubits
+        qubit_labels (list): A list of qubit labels
+        line_color (list): A list of colors for each line from coupling_map.
+        font_color (str): The font color for the qubit labels.
+        ax (Axes): A Matplotlib axes instance.
+        filename (str): file path to save image to.
+
+    Returns:
+        Figure: A Matplotlib figure instance.
+
+    Raises:
+        MissingOptionalLibraryError: If matplotlib or graphviz is not installed.
+        QiskitError: If length of qubit labels does not match number of qubits.
+
+    Example:
+
+        .. plot::
+           :include-source:
+
+            from qiskit.visualization import plot_coupling_map
+
+            num_qubits = 8
+            qubit_coordinates = [[0, 1], [1, 1], [1, 0], [1, 2], [2, 0], [2, 2], [2, 1], [3, 1]]
+            coupling_map = [[0, 1], [1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 5], [4, 5], [5, 6], [2, 4], [6, 7]]
+            plot_coupling_map(num_qubits, qubit_coordinates, coupling_map)
+    """
+    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+    from .utils import matplotlib_close_if_inline
+
+    input_axes = False
+    if ax:
+        input_axes = True
+
+    if qubit_size is None:
+        qubit_size = 30
+
+    if qubit_labels is None:
+        qubit_labels = list(range(num_qubits))
+    else:
+        if len(qubit_labels) != num_qubits:
+            raise QiskitError("Length of qubit labels does not equal number of qubits.")
+
+    if not label_qubits:
+        qubit_labels = [""] * num_qubits
+
+    # set coloring
+    if qubit_color is None:
+        qubit_color = ["#648fff"] * num_qubits
+    if line_color is None:
+        line_color = ["#648fff"] * len(coupling_map)
+
+    if num_qubits == 1:
+        graph = rx.PyDiGraph()
+        graph.add_node(0)
+    else:
+        graph = CouplingMap(coupling_map).graph
+
+    if not plot_directed:
+        graph = graph.to_undirected(multigraph=False)
+
+    for node in graph.node_indices():
+        graph[node] = node
+
+    for edge_index in graph.edge_indices():
+        graph.update_edge_by_index(edge_index, edge_index)
+
+    # pixel-to-inch conversion
+    px = 1.15 / plt.rcParams["figure.dpi"]
+
+    if qubit_coordinates:
+        qubit_coordinates = [coordinates[::-1] for coordinates in qubit_coordinates]
+
+    if font_size is None:
+        max_characters = max(1, max(len(str(x)) for x in qubit_labels))
+        font_size = max(int(20 / max_characters), 1)
+
+    def color_node(node):
+        if qubit_coordinates:
+            out_dict = {
+                "label": str(qubit_labels[node]),
+                "color": f'"{qubit_color[node]}"',
+                "fillcolor": f'"{qubit_color[node]}"',
+                "style": "filled",
+                "shape": "circle",
+                "pos": f'"{qubit_coordinates[node][0]},{qubit_coordinates[node][1]}"',
+                "pin": "True",
+            }
+        else:
+            out_dict = {
+                "label": str(qubit_labels[node]),
+                "color": f'"{qubit_color[node]}"',
+                "fillcolor": f'"{qubit_color[node]}"',
+                "style": "filled",
+                "shape": "circle",
+            }
+        out_dict["fontcolor"] = f'"{font_color}"'
+        out_dict["fontsize"] = str(font_size)
+        out_dict["height"] = str(qubit_size * px)
+        out_dict["fixedsize"] = "True"
+        out_dict["fontname"] = '"DejaVu Sans"'
+        return out_dict
+
+    def color_edge(edge):
+        out_dict = {
+            "color": f'"{line_color[edge]}"',
+            "fillcolor": f'"{line_color[edge]}"',
+            "penwidth": str(line_width),
+        }
+        return out_dict
+
+    plot = graphviz_draw(
+        graph,
+        method="neato",
+        node_attr_fn=color_node,
+        edge_attr_fn=color_edge,
+        filename=filename,
+    )
+
+    if filename:
+        return None
+
+    if not input_axes:
+        if figsize is None:
+            width, height = plot.size
+            figsize = (width * px, height * px)
+        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=figsize)
+    ax.axis("off")
+    ax.imshow(plot)
+
+    if not input_axes:
+        matplotlib_close_if_inline(fig)
+        return fig
+
+
+def plot_circuit_layout(circuit, backend, view="virtual", qubit_coordinates=None):
+    """Plot the layout of a circuit transpiled for a given
+    target backend.
+
+    Args:
+        circuit (QuantumCircuit): Input quantum circuit.
+        backend (Backend): Target backend.
+        view (str): Layout view: either 'virtual' or 'physical'.
+        qubit_coordinates (Sequence): An optional sequence input (list or array being the
+            most common) of 2d coordinates for each qubit. The length of the
+            sequence must match the number of qubits on the backend. The sequence
+            should be the planar coordinates in a 0-based square grid where each
+            qubit is located.
+
+    Returns:
+        Figure: A matplotlib figure showing layout.
+
+    Raises:
+        QiskitError: Invalid view type given.
+        VisualizationError: Circuit has no layout attribute.
+
+    Example:
+        .. plot::
+           :include-source:
+
+            import numpy as np
+            from qiskit import QuantumCircuit, transpile
+            from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakeVigoV2
+            from qiskit.visualization import plot_circuit_layout
+            from qiskit.tools.monitor import job_monitor
+            from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakeVigoV2
+            import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+
+            ghz = QuantumCircuit(3, 3)
+            ghz.h(0)
+            for idx in range(1,3):
+                ghz.cx(0,idx)
+            ghz.measure(range(3), range(3))
+
+            backend = FakeVigoV2()
+            new_circ_lv3 = transpile(ghz, backend=backend, optimization_level=3)
+            plot_circuit_layout(new_circ_lv3, backend)
+    """
+    if circuit._layout is None:
+        raise QiskitError("Circuit has no layout. Perhaps it has not been transpiled.")
+
+    backend_version = _get_backend_interface_version(backend)
+    if backend_version <= 1:
+        num_qubits = backend.configuration().n_qubits
+        cmap = backend.configuration().coupling_map
+        cmap_len = len(cmap)
+    else:
+        num_qubits = backend.num_qubits
+        cmap = backend.coupling_map
+        cmap_len = cmap.graph.num_edges()
+
+    qubits = []
+    qubit_labels = [""] * num_qubits
+
+    bit_locations = {
+        bit: {"register": register, "index": index}
+        for register in circuit._layout.initial_layout.get_registers()
+        for index, bit in enumerate(register)
+    }
+    for index, qubit in enumerate(circuit._layout.initial_layout.get_virtual_bits()):
+        if qubit not in bit_locations:
+            bit_locations[qubit] = {"register": None, "index": index}
+
+    if view == "virtual":
+        for key, val in circuit._layout.initial_layout.get_virtual_bits().items():
+            bit_register = bit_locations[key]["register"]
+            if bit_register is None or bit_register.name != "ancilla":
+                qubits.append(val)
+                qubit_labels[val] = str(bit_locations[key]["index"])
+
+    elif view == "physical":
+        for key, val in circuit._layout.initial_layout.get_physical_bits().items():
+            bit_register = bit_locations[val]["register"]
+            if bit_register is None or bit_register.name != "ancilla":
+                qubits.append(key)
+                qubit_labels[key] = str(key)
+
+    else:
+        raise VisualizationError("Layout view must be 'virtual' or 'physical'.")
+
+    qcolors = ["#648fff"] * num_qubits
+    for k in qubits:
+        qcolors[k] = "black"
+
+    lcolors = ["#648fff"] * cmap_len
+
+    for idx, edge in enumerate(cmap):
+        if edge[0] in qubits and edge[1] in qubits:
+            lcolors[idx] = "black"
+
+    fig = plot_gate_map(
+        backend,
+        qubit_color=qcolors,
+        qubit_labels=qubit_labels,
+        line_color=lcolors,
+        qubit_coordinates=qubit_coordinates,
+    )
+    return fig
+
+
+@_optionals.HAS_MATPLOTLIB.require_in_call
+@_optionals.HAS_SEABORN.require_in_call
+def plot_error_map(backend, figsize=(15, 12), show_title=True, qubit_coordinates=None):
+    """Plots the error map of a given backend.
+
+    Args:
+        backend (Backend): Given backend.
+        figsize (tuple): Figure size in inches.
+        show_title (bool): Show the title or not.
+        qubit_coordinates (Sequence): An optional sequence input (list or array being the
+            most common) of 2d coordinates for each qubit. The length of the
+            sequence much mast the number of qubits on the backend. The sequence
+            should be the planar coordinates in a 0-based square grid where each
+            qubit is located.
+
+    Returns:
+        Figure: A matplotlib figure showing error map.
+
+    Raises:
+        VisualizationError: The backend does not provide gate errors for the 'sx' gate.
+        MissingOptionalLibraryError: If matplotlib or seaborn is not installed.
+
+    Example:
+        .. plot::
+           :include-source:
+
+            from qiskit import QuantumCircuit, execute
+            from qiskit.visualization import plot_error_map
+            from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakeVigoV2
+
+            backend = FakeVigoV2()
+            plot_error_map(backend)
+    """
+    import matplotlib
+    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+    from matplotlib import gridspec, ticker
+    import seaborn as sns
+    from .utils import matplotlib_close_if_inline
+
+    color_map = sns.cubehelix_palette(reverse=True, as_cmap=True)
+
+    backend_version = _get_backend_interface_version(backend)
+    if backend_version <= 1:
+        backend_name = backend.name()
+        num_qubits = backend.configuration().n_qubits
+        cmap = backend.configuration().coupling_map
+        props = backend.properties()
+        props_dict = props.to_dict()
+        single_gate_errors = [0] * num_qubits
+        read_err = [0] * num_qubits
+        cx_errors = []
+        # sx error rates
+        for gate in props_dict["gates"]:
+            if gate["gate"] == "sx":
+                _qubit = gate["qubits"][0]
+                for param in gate["parameters"]:
+                    if param["name"] == "gate_error":
+                        single_gate_errors[_qubit] = param["value"]
+                        break
+                else:
+                    raise VisualizationError(
+                        f"Backend '{backend}' did not supply an error for the 'sx' gate."
+                    )
+        if cmap:
+            directed = False
+            if num_qubits < 20:
+                for edge in cmap:
+                    if not [edge[1], edge[0]] in cmap:
+                        directed = True
+                        break
+
+            for line in cmap:
+                for item in props_dict["gates"]:
+                    if item["qubits"] == line:
+                        cx_errors.append(item["parameters"][0]["value"])
+                        break
+        for qubit in range(num_qubits):
+            try:
+                read_err[qubit] = props.readout_error(qubit)
+            except BackendPropertyError:
+                pass
+
+    else:
+        backend_name = backend.name
+        num_qubits = backend.num_qubits
+        cmap = backend.coupling_map
+        two_q_error_map = {}
+        single_gate_errors = [0] * num_qubits
+        read_err = [0] * num_qubits
+        cx_errors = []
+        for gate, prop_dict in backend.target.items():
+            if prop_dict is None or None in prop_dict:
+                continue
+            for qargs, inst_props in prop_dict.items():
+                if inst_props is None:
+                    continue
+                if gate == "measure":
+                    if inst_props.error is not None:
+                        read_err[qargs[0]] = inst_props.error
+                elif len(qargs) == 1:
+                    if inst_props.error is not None:
+                        single_gate_errors[qargs[0]] = max(
+                            single_gate_errors[qargs[0]], inst_props.error
+                        )
+                elif len(qargs) == 2:
+                    if inst_props.error is not None:
+                        two_q_error_map[qargs] = max(
+                            two_q_error_map.get(qargs, 0), inst_props.error
+                        )
+        if cmap:
+            directed = False
+            if num_qubits < 20:
+                for edge in cmap:
+                    if not [edge[1], edge[0]] in cmap:
+                        directed = True
+                        break
+            for line in cmap.get_edges():
+                err = two_q_error_map.get(tuple(line), 0)
+                cx_errors.append(err)
+
+    # Convert to percent
+    single_gate_errors = 100 * np.asarray(single_gate_errors)
+    avg_1q_err = np.mean(single_gate_errors)
+
+    single_norm = matplotlib.colors.Normalize(
+        vmin=min(single_gate_errors), vmax=max(single_gate_errors)
+    )
+    q_colors = [matplotlib.colors.to_hex(color_map(single_norm(err))) for err in single_gate_errors]
+
+    directed = False
+    line_colors = []
+    if cmap:
+
+        # Convert to percent
+        cx_errors = 100 * np.asarray(cx_errors)
+        avg_cx_err = np.mean(cx_errors)
+
+        cx_norm = matplotlib.colors.Normalize(vmin=min(cx_errors), vmax=max(cx_errors))
+        line_colors = [matplotlib.colors.to_hex(color_map(cx_norm(err))) for err in cx_errors]
+
+    read_err = 100 * np.asarray(read_err)
+    avg_read_err = np.mean(read_err)
+    max_read_err = np.max(read_err)
+
+    fig = plt.figure(figsize=figsize)
+    gridspec.GridSpec(nrows=2, ncols=3)
+
+    grid_spec = gridspec.GridSpec(
+        12, 12, height_ratios=[1] * 11 + [0.5], width_ratios=[2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2]
+    )
+
+    left_ax = plt.subplot(grid_spec[2:10, :1])
+    main_ax = plt.subplot(grid_spec[:11, 1:11])
+    right_ax = plt.subplot(grid_spec[2:10, 11:])
+    bleft_ax = plt.subplot(grid_spec[-1, :5])
+    if cmap:
+        bright_ax = plt.subplot(grid_spec[-1, 7:])
+
+    qubit_size = 28
+    if num_qubits <= 5:
+        qubit_size = 20
+    plot_gate_map(
+        backend,
+        qubit_color=q_colors,
+        line_color=line_colors,
+        qubit_size=qubit_size,
+        line_width=5,
+        plot_directed=directed,
+        ax=main_ax,
+        qubit_coordinates=qubit_coordinates,
+    )
+
+    main_ax.axis("off")
+    main_ax.set_aspect(1)
+    if cmap:
+        single_cb = matplotlib.colorbar.ColorbarBase(
+            bleft_ax, cmap=color_map, norm=single_norm, orientation="horizontal"
+        )
+        tick_locator = ticker.MaxNLocator(nbins=5)
+        single_cb.locator = tick_locator
+        single_cb.update_ticks()
+        single_cb.update_ticks()
+        bleft_ax.set_title(f"H error rate (%) [Avg. = {round(avg_1q_err, 3)}]")
+
+    if cmap is None:
+        bleft_ax.axis("off")
+        bleft_ax.set_title(f"H error rate (%) = {round(avg_1q_err, 3)}")
+
+    if cmap:
+        cx_cb = matplotlib.colorbar.ColorbarBase(
+            bright_ax, cmap=color_map, norm=cx_norm, orientation="horizontal"
+        )
+        tick_locator = ticker.MaxNLocator(nbins=5)
+        cx_cb.locator = tick_locator
+        cx_cb.update_ticks()
+        bright_ax.set_title(f"CNOT error rate (%) [Avg. = {round(avg_cx_err, 3)}]")
+
+    if num_qubits < 10:
+        num_left = num_qubits
+        num_right = 0
+    else:
+        num_left = math.ceil(num_qubits / 2)
+        num_right = num_qubits - num_left
+
+    left_ax.barh(range(num_left), read_err[:num_left], align="center", color="#DDBBBA")
+    left_ax.axvline(avg_read_err, linestyle="--", color="#212121")
+    left_ax.set_yticks(range(num_left))
+    left_ax.set_xticks([0, round(avg_read_err, 2), round(max_read_err, 2)])
+    left_ax.set_yticklabels([str(kk) for kk in range(num_left)], fontsize=12)
+    left_ax.invert_yaxis()
+    left_ax.set_title("Readout Error (%)", fontsize=12)
+
+    for spine in left_ax.spines.values():
+        spine.set_visible(False)
+
+    if num_right:
+        right_ax.barh(
+            range(num_left, num_qubits), read_err[num_left:], align="center", color="#DDBBBA"
+        )
+        right_ax.axvline(avg_read_err, linestyle="--", color="#212121")
+        right_ax.set_yticks(range(num_left, num_qubits))
+        right_ax.set_xticks([0, round(avg_read_err, 2), round(max_read_err, 2)])
+        right_ax.set_yticklabels([str(kk) for kk in range(num_left, num_qubits)], fontsize=12)
+        right_ax.invert_yaxis()
+        right_ax.invert_xaxis()
+        right_ax.yaxis.set_label_position("right")
+        right_ax.yaxis.tick_right()
+        right_ax.set_title("Readout Error (%)", fontsize=12)
+    else:
+        right_ax.axis("off")
+
+    for spine in right_ax.spines.values():
+        spine.set_visible(False)
+
+    if show_title:
+        fig.suptitle(f"{backend_name} Error Map", fontsize=24, y=0.9)
+    matplotlib_close_if_inline(fig)
+    return fig