passagemath-symbolics 10.8.1a1__cp314-cp314t-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl

sage/symbolic/assumptions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,987 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-symbolics
+"""
+Assumptions
+
+The ``GenericDeclaration`` class provides assumptions about a symbol or
+function in verbal form. Such assumptions can be made using the :func:`assume`
+function in this module, which also can take any relation of symbolic
+expressions as argument. Use :func:`forget` to clear all assumptions.
+Creating a variable with a specific domain is equivalent with making an
+assumption about it.
+
+There is only rudimentary support for consistency and satisfiability checking
+in Sage. Assumptions are used both in Maxima and Pynac to support or refine
+some computations. In the following we show how to make and query assumptions.
+Please see the respective modules for more practical examples.
+
+In addition to the global :func:`assumptions` database, :func:`assuming`
+creates reusable, stackable context managers allowing for temporary
+updates of the database for evaluation of a (block of) statements.
+
+EXAMPLES:
+
+The default domain of a symbolic variable is the complex plane::
+
+    sage: var('x')
+    x
+    sage: x.is_real()
+    False
+    sage: assume(x,'real')
+    sage: x.is_real()
+    True
+    sage: forget()
+    sage: x.is_real()
+    False
+
+Here is the list of acceptable features::
+
+    sage: from sage.interfaces.maxima_lib import maxima
+    sage: ", ".join(map(str, maxima("features")._sage_()))
+    'integer, noninteger, even, odd, rational, irrational, real, imaginary,
+    complex, analytic, increasing, decreasing, oddfun, evenfun, posfun,
+    constant, commutative, lassociative, rassociative, symmetric,
+    antisymmetric, integervalued, one_to_one'
+
+Set positive domain using a relation::
+
+    sage: assume(x>0)
+    sage: x.is_positive()
+    True
+    sage: x.is_real()
+    True
+    sage: assumptions()
+    [x > 0]
+
+Assumptions also affect operations that do not use Maxima::
+
+    sage: forget()
+    sage: assume(x, 'even')
+    sage: assume(x, 'real')
+    sage: (-1)^x
+    1
+    sage: (-gamma(pi))^x
+    gamma(pi)^x
+    sage: binomial(2*x, x).is_integer()
+    True
+
+Assumptions are added and in some cases checked for consistency::
+
+    sage: assume(x>0)
+    sage: assume(x<0)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    ...
+    ValueError: Assumption is inconsistent
+    sage: forget()
+"""
+from sage.rings.cc import CC
+from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+from sage.rings.rational_field import QQ
+from sage.rings.real_mpfr import RR
+from sage.structure.element import Expression
+from sage.structure.unique_representation import UniqueRepresentation
+
+# #30074: We use the keys of a dict to store the assumptions.
+# As of Python 3.6.x, dicts preserve the insertion order.
+# In this way, we keep the same order of the assumptions
+# as previous code that was using lists.
+_assumptions = dict()
+
+_valid_feature_strings = set()
+
+
+class GenericDeclaration(UniqueRepresentation):
+    """
+    This class represents generic assumptions, such as a variable being
+    an integer or a function being increasing. It passes such
+    information to Maxima's declare (wrapped in a context so it is able
+    to forget) and to Pynac.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``var`` -- the variable about which assumptions are being made
+
+    - ``assumption`` -- string containing a Maxima feature, either user
+      defined or in the list given by ``maxima('features')``
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.symbolic.assumptions import GenericDeclaration
+        sage: decl = GenericDeclaration(x, 'integer')
+        sage: decl.assume()
+        sage: sin(x*pi)
+        0
+        sage: decl.forget()
+        sage: sin(x*pi)
+        sin(pi*x)
+        sage: sin(x*pi).simplify()
+        sin(pi*x)
+
+    Here is the list of acceptable features::
+
+        sage: from sage.interfaces.maxima_lib import maxima
+        sage: ", ".join(map(str, maxima("features")._sage_()))
+        'integer, noninteger, even, odd, rational, irrational, real, imaginary,
+        complex, analytic, increasing, decreasing, oddfun, evenfun, posfun,
+        constant, commutative, lassociative, rassociative, symmetric,
+        antisymmetric, integervalued, one_to_one'
+
+    Test unique representation behavior::
+
+        sage: GenericDeclaration(x, 'integer') is GenericDeclaration(SR.var("x"), 'integer')
+        True
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, var, assumption):
+        """
+        This class represents generic assumptions, such as a variable being
+        an integer or a function being increasing. It passes such
+        information to maxima's declare (wrapped in a context so it is able
+        to forget).
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``var`` -- the variable about which assumptions are being made
+
+        - ``assumption`` -- a Maxima feature, either user
+          defined or in the list given by ``maxima('features')``
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.symbolic.assumptions import GenericDeclaration
+            sage: decl = GenericDeclaration(x, 'integer')
+            sage: decl.assume()
+            sage: sin(x*pi)
+            0
+            sage: decl.forget()
+            sage: sin(x*pi)
+            sin(pi*x)
+
+        Here is the list of acceptable features::
+
+            sage: from sage.interfaces.maxima_lib import maxima
+            sage: ", ".join(map(str, maxima("features")._sage_()))
+            'integer, noninteger, even, odd, rational, irrational, real,
+            imaginary, complex, analytic, increasing, decreasing, oddfun,
+            evenfun, posfun, constant, commutative, lassociative, rassociative,
+            symmetric, antisymmetric, integervalued, one_to_one'
+        """
+        self._var = var
+        self._assumption = assumption
+        self._context = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.symbolic.assumptions import GenericDeclaration
+            sage: GenericDeclaration(x, 'foo')
+            x is foo
+        """
+        return "%s is %s" % (self._var, self._assumption)
+
+    def has(self, arg):
+        """
+        Check if this assumption contains the argument ``arg``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.symbolic.assumptions import GenericDeclaration as GDecl
+            sage: var('y')
+            y
+            sage: d = GDecl(x, 'integer')
+            sage: d.has(x)
+            True
+            sage: d.has(y)
+            False
+        """
+        return (arg - self._var).is_trivial_zero()
+
+    def _validate_feature(self):
+        """
+        Check if this assumption is a known maxima feature, raise an error otherwise.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.symbolic.assumptions import GenericDeclaration as GDecl
+            sage: var('b')
+            b
+            sage: GDecl(b, 'bougie')
+            b is bougie
+            sage: _.assume()
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: bougie not a valid assumption, must be one of ['analytic', ... 'symmetric']
+        """
+        from sage.calculus.calculus import maxima
+        global _valid_feature_strings
+        if self._assumption in _valid_feature_strings:
+            return
+        # We get the list here because features may be added with time.
+        _valid_feature_strings.update(repr(x).strip() for x in list(maxima("features")))
+        if self._assumption in _valid_feature_strings:
+            return
+        raise ValueError("%s not a valid assumption, must be one of %s"
+                         % (self._assumption, sorted(_valid_feature_strings)))
+
+    def assume(self):
+        """
+        Make this assumption.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.symbolic.assumptions import GenericDeclaration
+            sage: decl = GenericDeclaration(x, 'even')
+            sage: decl.assume()
+            sage: cos(x*pi).simplify()
+            1
+            sage: decl2 = GenericDeclaration(x, 'odd')
+            sage: decl2.assume()
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: Assumption is inconsistent
+            sage: decl.forget()
+        """
+        if self in _assumptions:
+            return
+        from sage.calculus.calculus import maxima
+        cur = None
+        context = None
+        if self._context is None:
+            self._validate_feature()
+            cur = maxima.get("context")
+            # newcontext makes a fresh context that only has $global as
+            # a subcontext, and makes it the current $context,
+            # but does not deactivate other current contexts.
+            context = maxima.newcontext('context' + maxima._next_var_name())
+            must_declare = True
+        elif not maxima.featurep(self._var, self._assumption):
+            # Reactivating a previously active context.
+            # Run $declare again with the assumption
+            # to catch possible inconsistency
+            # with the active contexts.
+            cur = maxima.get("context")
+            # Redeclaring on the existing context does not seem to trigger
+            # inconsistency checking.
+            # maxima.set("context", self._context._maxima_init_())
+            # Instead, use a temporary context for this purpose
+            context = maxima.newcontext('context' + maxima._next_var_name())
+            must_declare = True
+        else:
+            must_declare = False
+
+        if must_declare:
+            try:
+                maxima.eval("declare(%s, %s)" % (self._var._maxima_init_(), self._assumption))
+            except RuntimeError as mess:
+                if 'inconsistent' in str(mess):  # note Maxima doesn't tell you if declarations are redundant
+                    # Inconsistency with one of the active contexts.
+                    raise ValueError("Assumption is inconsistent")
+                else:
+                    raise
+            else:
+                if self._context is None:
+                    self._context = context
+                    context = None
+            finally:
+                assert cur is not None
+                maxima.set("context", cur)
+                if context is not None:
+                    maxima.killcontext(context)
+
+        maxima.activate(self._context)
+        self._var.decl_assume(self._assumption)
+        _assumptions[self] = True
+
+    def forget(self):
+        """
+        Forget this assumption.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.symbolic.assumptions import GenericDeclaration
+            sage: decl = GenericDeclaration(x, 'odd')
+            sage: decl.assume()
+            sage: cos(pi*x)
+            cos(pi*x)
+            sage: cos(pi*x).simplify()
+            -1
+            sage: decl.forget()
+            sage: cos(x*pi).simplify()
+            cos(pi*x)
+        """
+        self._var.decl_forget(self._assumption)
+        from sage.calculus.calculus import maxima
+        if self._context is not None:
+            try:
+                del _assumptions[self]
+            except KeyError:
+                return
+            maxima.deactivate(self._context)
+        else:  # trying to forget a declaration explicitly rather than implicitly
+            for x in _assumptions:
+                if repr(self) == repr(x):  # so by implication x is also a GenericDeclaration
+                    x.forget()
+                    break
+            return
+
+    def contradicts(self, soln):
+        """
+        Return ``True`` if this assumption is violated by the given
+        variable assignment(s).
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``soln`` -- either a dictionary with variables as keys or a symbolic
+          relation with a variable on the left hand side
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.symbolic.assumptions import GenericDeclaration
+            sage: GenericDeclaration(x, 'integer').contradicts(x==4)
+            False
+            sage: GenericDeclaration(x, 'integer').contradicts(x==4.0)
+            False
+            sage: GenericDeclaration(x, 'integer').contradicts(x==4.5)
+            True
+            sage: GenericDeclaration(x, 'integer').contradicts(x==sqrt(17))
+            True
+            sage: GenericDeclaration(x, 'noninteger').contradicts(x==sqrt(17))
+            False
+            sage: GenericDeclaration(x, 'noninteger').contradicts(x==17)
+            True
+            sage: GenericDeclaration(x, 'even').contradicts(x==3)
+            True
+            sage: GenericDeclaration(x, 'complex').contradicts(x==3)
+            False
+            sage: GenericDeclaration(x, 'imaginary').contradicts(x==3)
+            True
+            sage: GenericDeclaration(x, 'imaginary').contradicts(x==I)
+            False
+
+            sage: var('y,z')
+            (y, z)
+            sage: GenericDeclaration(x, 'imaginary').contradicts(x==y+z)
+            False
+
+            sage: GenericDeclaration(x, 'rational').contradicts(y==pi)
+            False
+            sage: GenericDeclaration(x, 'rational').contradicts(x==pi)
+            True
+            sage: GenericDeclaration(x, 'irrational').contradicts(x!=pi)
+            False
+            sage: GenericDeclaration(x, 'rational').contradicts({x: pi, y: pi})
+            True
+            sage: GenericDeclaration(x, 'rational').contradicts({z: pi, y: pi})
+            False
+        """
+        if isinstance(soln, dict):
+            value = soln.get(self._var)
+            if value is None:
+                return False
+        elif soln.lhs() == self._var:
+            value = soln.rhs()
+        else:
+            return False
+        try:
+            CC(value)
+        except TypeError:
+            return False
+        if self._assumption == 'integer':
+            return value not in ZZ
+        elif self._assumption == 'noninteger':
+            return value in ZZ
+        elif self._assumption == 'even':
+            return value not in ZZ or bool(ZZ(value) % 2)
+        elif self._assumption == 'odd':
+            return value not in ZZ or not (ZZ(value) % 2)
+        elif self._assumption == 'rational':
+            return value not in QQ
+        elif self._assumption == 'irrational':
+            return value in QQ
+        elif self._assumption == 'real':
+            return value not in RR
+        elif self._assumption == 'imaginary':
+            return value not in CC or CC(value).real() != 0
+        elif self._assumption == 'complex':
+            return value not in CC
+
+
+def preprocess_assumptions(args):
+    """
+    Turn a list of the form ``(var1, var2, ..., 'property')`` into a
+    sequence of declarations ``(var1 is property), (var2 is property),
+    ...``
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.symbolic.assumptions import preprocess_assumptions
+        sage: preprocess_assumptions([x, 'integer', x > 4])
+        [x is integer, x > 4]
+        sage: var('x, y')
+        (x, y)
+        sage: preprocess_assumptions([x, y, 'integer', x > 4, y, 'even'])
+        [x is integer, y is integer, x > 4, y is even]
+    """
+    args = list(args)
+    last = None
+    for i, x in reversed(list(enumerate(args))):
+        if isinstance(x, str):
+            del args[i]
+            last = x
+        elif ((not hasattr(x, 'assume')
+               or (isinstance(x, Expression) and x.is_symbol()))
+              and last is not None):
+            args[i] = GenericDeclaration(x, last)
+        else:
+            last = None
+    return args
+
+
+def assume(*args):
+    r"""
+    Make the given assumptions.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``*args`` -- a variable-length sequence of assumptions, each
+      consisting of:
+
+      - any number of symbolic inequalities, like ``0 < x, x < 1``
+
+      - a subsequence of variable names, followed by some property that
+        should be assumed for those variables; for example, ``x, y, z,
+        'integer'`` would assume that each of ``x``, ``y``, and ``z``
+        are integer variables, and ``x, 'odd'`` would assume that ``x``
+        is odd (as opposed to even).
+
+      The two types can be combined, but a symbolic inequality cannot
+      appear in the middle of a list of variables.
+
+    OUTPUT: if everything goes as planned, there is no output
+
+    If you assume something that is not one of the two forms above, then
+    an :exc:`AttributeError` is raised as we try to call its ``assume``
+    method.
+
+    If you make inconsistent assumptions (for example, that ``x`` is
+    both even and odd), then a :exc:`ValueError` is raised.
+
+    .. WARNING::
+
+        Do not use Python's chained comparison notation in assumptions.
+        Python literally translates the expression ``0 < x < 1`` to
+        ``(0 < x) and (x < 1)``, but the value of ``bool(0 < x)`` is
+        ``False`` when ``x`` is a symbolic variable. Therefore, by the
+        definition of Python's logical "and" operator, the entire expression
+        is equal to ``0 < x``.
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    Assumptions are typically used to ensure certain relations are
+    evaluated as true that are not true in general.
+
+    Here, we verify that for `x>0`, `\sqrt{x^2}=x`::
+
+        sage: assume(x > 0)
+        sage: bool(sqrt(x^2) == x)
+        True
+
+    This will be assumed in the current Sage session until forgotten::
+
+        sage: bool(sqrt(x^2) == x)
+        True
+        sage: forget()
+        sage: bool(sqrt(x^2) == x)
+        False
+
+    Another major use case is in taking certain integrals and limits
+    where the answers may depend on some sign condition::
+
+        sage: var('x, n')
+        (x, n)
+        sage: assume(n+1>0)
+        sage: integral(x^n,x)
+        x^(n + 1)/(n + 1)
+        sage: forget()
+
+    ::
+
+        sage: var('q, a, k')
+        (q, a, k)
+        sage: assume(q > 1)
+        sage: sum(a*q^k, k, 0, oo)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: Sum is divergent.
+        sage: forget()
+        sage: assume(abs(q) < 1)
+        sage: sum(a*q^k, k, 0, oo)
+        -a/(q - 1)
+        sage: forget()
+
+    An integer constraint::
+
+        sage: n,P,r,r2 = SR.var('n, P, r, r2')
+        sage: assume(n, 'integer')
+        sage: c = P*e^(r*n)
+        sage: d = P*(1+r2)^n
+        sage: solve(c==d,r2)
+        [r2 == e^r - 1]
+        sage: forget()
+
+    Simplifying certain well-known identities works as well::
+
+        sage: n = SR.var('n')
+        sage: assume(n, 'integer')
+        sage: sin(n*pi)
+        0
+        sage: forget()
+        sage: sin(n*pi).simplify()
+        sin(pi*n)
+
+    Instead of using chained comparison notation, each relationship
+    should be passed as a separate assumption::
+
+        sage: x = SR.var('x')
+        sage: assume(0 < x, x < 1) # instead of assume(0 < x < 1)
+        sage: assumptions()
+        [0 < x, x < 1]
+        sage: forget()
+
+    If you make inconsistent or meaningless assumptions,
+    Sage will let you know::
+
+        sage: assume(x<0)
+        sage: assume(x>0)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: Assumption is inconsistent
+        sage: assume(x<1)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: Assumption is redundant
+        sage: assumptions()
+        [x < 0]
+        sage: forget()
+        sage: assume(x,'even')
+        sage: assume(x,'odd')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: Assumption is inconsistent
+        sage: forget()
+
+    You can also use assumptions to evaluate simple
+    truth values::
+
+        sage: x, y, z = var('x, y, z')
+        sage: assume(x>=y,y>=z,z>=x)
+        sage: bool(x==z)
+        True
+        sage: bool(z<x)
+        False
+        sage: bool(z>y)
+        False
+        sage: bool(y==z)
+        True
+        sage: forget()
+        sage: assume(x>=1,x<=1)
+        sage: bool(x==1)
+        True
+        sage: bool(x>1)
+        False
+        sage: forget()
+
+    TESTS:
+
+    Test that you can do two non-relational
+    declarations at once (fixing :issue:`7084`)::
+
+        sage: var('m,n')
+        (m, n)
+        sage: assume(n, 'integer'); assume(m, 'integer')
+        sage: sin(n*pi).simplify()
+        0
+        sage: sin(m*pi).simplify()
+        0
+        sage: forget()
+        sage: sin(n*pi).simplify()
+        sin(pi*n)
+        sage: sin(m*pi).simplify()
+        sin(pi*m)
+
+    Check that positive integers can be created (:issue:`20132`)
+
+        sage: x = SR.var('x', domain='positive')
+        sage: assume(x, 'integer')
+        sage: x.is_positive() and x.is_integer()
+        True
+        sage: forget()
+
+        sage: x = SR.var('x', domain='integer')
+        sage: assume(x > 0)
+        sage: x.is_positive() and x.is_integer()
+        True
+        sage: forget()
+
+        sage: assume(x, "integer")
+        sage: assume(x > 0)
+        sage: x.is_positive() and x.is_integer()
+        True
+        sage: forget()
+
+    Ensure that an :exc:`AttributeError` is raised if we are given junk::
+
+        sage: assume(3)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        AttributeError: 'sage.rings.integer.Integer' object has no
+        attribute 'assume'...
+
+    Ensure that we can combine the two types of assumptions, as documented::
+
+        sage: x,y = SR.var('x,y')
+        sage: assume(x > 0, x, y, 'integer')
+        sage: assumptions()
+        [x > 0, x is integer, y is integer]
+        sage: forget()
+        sage: assume(x, y, 'integer', x > 0)
+        sage: assumptions()
+        [x is integer, y is integer, x > 0]
+        sage: forget()
+
+    Test that our WARNING block is accurate::
+
+        sage: x = SR.var('x')
+        sage: bool(0 < x)
+        False
+        sage: 0 < x < 1
+        0 < x
+        sage: assume(0 < x < 1)
+        sage: assumptions()
+        [0 < x]
+        sage: forget()
+
+    Check that :issue:`28538` is fixed::
+
+        sage: x, y = SR.var('x, y')
+        sage: assume(x > 0)
+        sage: assume(y > 0)
+        sage: bool(y*(x - y) == 0)
+        False
+    """
+    for x in preprocess_assumptions(args):
+        if isinstance(x, (tuple, list)):
+            assume(*x)
+        else:
+            x.assume()
+
+
+def forget(*args):
+    """
+    Forget the given assumption, or call with no arguments to forget
+    all assumptions.
+
+    Here an assumption is some sort of symbolic constraint.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``*args`` -- assumptions (default: forget all assumptions)
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    We define and forget multiple assumptions::
+
+        sage: forget()
+        sage: var('x,y,z')
+        (x, y, z)
+        sage: assume(x>0, y>0, z == 1, y>0)
+        sage: sorted(assumptions(), key=lambda x:str(x))
+        [x > 0, y > 0, z == 1]
+        sage: forget(x>0, z==1)
+        sage: assumptions()
+        [y > 0]
+        sage: assume(y, 'even', z, 'complex')
+        sage: assumptions()
+        [y > 0, y is even, z is complex]
+        sage: cos(y*pi).simplify()
+        1
+        sage: forget(y,'even')
+        sage: cos(y*pi).simplify()
+        cos(pi*y)
+        sage: assumptions()
+        [y > 0, z is complex]
+        sage: forget()
+        sage: assumptions()
+        []
+    """
+    if len(args) == 0:
+        _forget_all()
+        return
+    for x in preprocess_assumptions(args):
+        if isinstance(x, (tuple, list)):
+            forget(*x)
+        else:
+            try:
+                x.forget()
+            except KeyError:
+                raise TypeError("forget not defined for objects of type '%s'" % type(x))
+
+
+def assumptions(*args):
+    """
+    List all current symbolic assumptions.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``args`` -- list of variables which can be empty
+
+    OUTPUT: list of assumptions on variables; if ``args`` is empty it returns all
+      assumptions
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: var('x, y, z, w')
+        (x, y, z, w)
+        sage: forget()
+        sage: assume(x^2+y^2 > 0)
+        sage: assumptions()
+        [x^2 + y^2 > 0]
+        sage: forget(x^2+y^2 > 0)
+        sage: assumptions()
+        []
+        sage: assume(x > y)
+        sage: assume(z > w)
+        sage: sorted(assumptions(), key=lambda x: str(x))
+        [x > y, z > w]
+        sage: forget()
+        sage: assumptions()
+        []
+
+    It is also possible to query for assumptions on a variable independently::
+
+        sage: x, y, z = var('x y z')
+        sage: assume(x, 'integer')
+        sage: assume(y > 0)
+        sage: assume(y**2 + z**2 == 1)
+        sage: assume(x < 0)
+        sage: assumptions()
+        [x is integer, y > 0, y^2 + z^2 == 1, x < 0]
+        sage: assumptions(x)
+        [x is integer, x < 0]
+        sage: assumptions(x, y)
+        [x is integer, x < 0, y > 0, y^2 + z^2 == 1]
+        sage: assumptions(z)
+        [y^2 + z^2 == 1]
+    """
+    if len(args) == 0:
+        return list(_assumptions)
+
+    result = []
+    if len(args) == 1:
+        result.extend([statement for statement in _assumptions
+                       if statement.has(args[0])])
+    else:
+        for v in args:
+            result += [statement for statement in list(_assumptions)
+                       if str(v) in str(statement)]
+    return result
+
+
+def _forget_all():
+    """
+    Forget all symbolic assumptions.
+
+    This is called by ``forget()``.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: forget()
+        sage: var('x,y')
+        (x, y)
+        sage: assume(x > 0, y < 0)
+        sage: bool(x*y < 0)      # means definitely true
+        True
+        sage: bool(x*y > 0)      # might not be true
+        False
+        sage: forget()    # implicitly calls _forget_all
+        sage: bool(x*y < 0)      # might not be true
+        False
+        sage: bool(x*y > 0)      # might not be true
+        False
+
+    TESTS:
+
+    Check that :issue:`7315` is fixed::
+
+        sage: var('m,n')
+        (m, n)
+        sage: assume(n, 'integer'); assume(m, 'integer')
+        sage: sin(n*pi).simplify()
+        0
+        sage: sin(m*pi).simplify()
+        0
+        sage: forget()
+        sage: sin(n*pi).simplify()
+        sin(pi*n)
+        sage: sin(m*pi).simplify()
+        sin(pi*m)
+    """
+    global _assumptions
+    if not _assumptions:
+        return
+    for x in list(_assumptions):
+        # need to do this because x.forget() removes x from _assumptions
+        x.forget()
+    _assumptions = dict()
+
+
+class assuming:
+    """
+    Temporarily modify assumptions.
+
+    Create a context manager in which temporary assumptions are added
+    (or substituted) to the current assumptions set.
+
+    The set of possible assumptions and declarations  is the same as for
+    :func:`assume`.
+
+    This can be useful in interactive mode to discover the assumptions
+    necessary to a given integration, or the exact solution to a system of
+    equations.
+
+    It can also be used to explore the branches of a :func:`cases()` expression.
+
+    As with :func:`assume`, it is an error to add an assumption either redundant
+    or inconsistent with the current assumption set (unless ``replace=True`` is
+    used). See examples.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``*args`` -- assumptions (same format as for :func:`assume`)
+
+    - ``replace`` -- boolean (default: ``False``); specifies whether the new
+      assumptions are added to (default) or replace (if ``replace=True``) the
+      current assumption set
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    A context manager useable in a ``with`` statement (see examples).
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    Basic functionality : inside a :func:`with assuming:` block, Sage uses the
+    updated assumptions database. After exit, the original database is
+    restored. ::
+
+        sage: var("x")
+        x
+        sage: forget(assumptions())
+        sage: solve(x^2 == 4,x)
+        [x == -2, x == 2]
+        sage: with assuming(x > 0):
+        ....:     solve(x^2 == 4,x)
+        [x == 2]
+        sage: assumptions()
+        []
+
+    The local assumptions can be stacked. We can use this functionality to
+    discover incrementally the assumptions necessary to a given calculation
+    (and by the way, to check that Sage's default integrator
+    (Maxima's, that is), sometimes nitpicks for naught). ::
+
+        sage: var("y,k,theta")
+        (y, k, theta)
+        sage: dgamma(y,k,theta)=y^(k-1)*e^(-y/theta)/(theta^k*gamma(k))
+        sage: integrate(dgamma(y,k,theta),y,0,oo)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: Computation failed since Maxima requested additional constraints; using the 'assume' command before evaluation *may* help (example of legal syntax is 'assume(theta>0)', see `assume?` for more details)
+        Is theta positive or negative?
+        sage: a1=assuming(theta>0)
+        sage: with a1:integrate(dgamma(y,k,theta),y,0,oo)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: Computation failed since Maxima requested additional constraints; using the 'assume' command before evaluation *may* help (example of legal syntax is 'assume(k>0)', see `assume?` for more details)
+        Is k positive, negative or zero?
+        sage: a2=assuming(k>0)
+        sage: with a1,a2:integrate(dgamma(y,k,theta),y,0,oo)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: Computation failed since Maxima requested additional constraints; using the 'assume' command before evaluation *may* help (example of legal syntax is 'assume(k>0)', see `assume?` for more details)
+        Is k an integer?
+        sage: a3=assuming(k,"noninteger")
+        sage: with a1,a2,a3:integrate(dgamma(y,k,theta),y,0,oo)
+        1
+        sage: a4=assuming(k,"integer")
+        sage: with a1,a2,a4:integrate(dgamma(y,k,theta),y,0,oo)
+        1
+
+    As mentioned above, it is an error to try to introduce redundant or
+    inconsistent assumptions. ::
+
+        sage: assume(x > 0)
+        sage: with assuming(x > -1): "I won't see this"
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: Assumption is redundant
+
+        sage: with assuming(x < -1): "I won't see this"
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: Assumption is inconsistent
+    """
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
+        r"""
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: forget()
+            sage: foo = assuming(x>0)
+            sage: foo.Ass
+            (x > 0,)
+            sage: bool(x>-1)
+            False
+        """
+        self.replace = kwds.pop("replace", False)
+        self.Ass = args
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        r"""
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: forget()
+            sage: foo = assuming(x>0)
+            sage: bool(x>-1)
+            False
+            sage: foo.__enter__()
+            sage: bool(x>-1)
+            True
+            sage: foo.__exit__()
+            sage: bool(x>-1)
+            False
+        """
+        if self.replace:
+            self.OldAss = assumptions()
+            forget(assumptions())
+        assume(self.Ass)
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args, **kwds):
+        r"""
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: forget()
+            sage: foo = assuming(x>0)
+            sage: bool(x>-1)
+            False
+            sage: foo.__enter__()
+            sage: bool(x>-1)
+            True
+            sage: foo.__exit__()
+            sage: bool(x>-1)
+            False
+            sage: forget()
+        """
+        if self.replace:
+            forget(assumptions())
+            assume(self.OldAss)
+        elif len(self.Ass) > 0:
+            forget(self.Ass)