passagemath-plot 10.6.31rc3__cp314-cp314-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl

sage/plot/hyperbolic_regular_polygon.py

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+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-plot
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.symbolic
+"""
+Regular polygons in the upper half model for hyperbolic plane
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Javier Honrubia (2016-01)
+"""
+
+#******************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2016 Javier Honrubia Gonzalez <jhonrubia6@alumno.uned.es>
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+#*****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.matrix.constructor import matrix
+from sage.misc.decorators import options, rename_keyword
+from sage.misc.functional import is_odd
+from sage.misc.lazy_import import lazy_import
+from sage.plot.hyperbolic_polygon import HyperbolicPolygon
+from sage.plot.plot import Graphics
+from sage.rings.cc import CC
+from sage.rings.integer import Integer
+
+lazy_import("sage.functions.hyperbolic", "arccosh")
+lazy_import("sage.functions.trig", ["sin", "cos", "cot"])
+lazy_import("sage.symbolic.constants", ["pi", "e"])
+
+
+class HyperbolicRegularPolygon(HyperbolicPolygon):
+    r"""
+    Primitive class for regular hyperbolic polygon type.
+
+    See ``hyperbolic_regular_polygon?`` for information about plotting
+    a hyperbolic regular polygon in the upper complex halfplane.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``sides`` -- number of sides of the polygon
+
+    - ``i_angle`` -- interior angle of the polygon
+
+    - ``center`` -- center point as a complex number of the polygon
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    Note that constructions should use :func:`hyperbolic_regular_polygon`::
+
+         sage: from sage.plot.hyperbolic_regular_polygon import HyperbolicRegularPolygon
+         sage: print(HyperbolicRegularPolygon(5,pi/2,I, {}))
+         Hyperbolic regular polygon (sides=5, i_angle=1/2*pi, center=1.00000000000000*I)
+
+    The code verifies is there exists a compact hyperbolic regular polygon
+    with the given data, checking
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        A(\mathcal{P}) = \pi(s-2) - s \cdot \alpha > 0,
+
+    where `s` is ``sides`` and `\alpha` is ``i_angle``. This raises an error if
+    the ``i_angle`` is less than the minimum to generate a compact polygon::
+
+        sage: from sage.plot.hyperbolic_regular_polygon import HyperbolicRegularPolygon
+        sage: P = HyperbolicRegularPolygon(4, pi/2, I, {})
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: there exists no hyperbolic regular compact polygon,
+         for sides=4 the interior angle must be less than 1/2*pi
+
+    It is an error to give a center outside the upper half plane in this model ::
+
+         sage: from sage.plot.hyperbolic_regular_polygon import HyperbolicRegularPolygon
+         sage: P = HyperbolicRegularPolygon(4, pi/4, 1-I, {})
+         Traceback (most recent call last):
+         ...
+         ValueError: center: 1.00000000000000 - 1.00000000000000*I is not
+          a valid point in the upper half plane model of the hyperbolic plane
+
+    TESTS::
+
+         sage: from sage.plot.hyperbolic_regular_polygon import HyperbolicRegularPolygon
+         sage: P = HyperbolicRegularPolygon(4, -pi/4, I, {})
+         Traceback (most recent call last):
+         ...
+         ValueError: interior angle -1/4*pi must be in (0, pi) interval
+
+         sage: from sage.plot.hyperbolic_regular_polygon import HyperbolicRegularPolygon
+         sage: P=HyperbolicRegularPolygon(16, 3*pi/2, I, {})
+         Traceback (most recent call last):
+         ...
+         ValueError: interior angle 3/2*pi must be in (0, pi) interval
+
+         sage: from sage.plot.hyperbolic_regular_polygon import HyperbolicRegularPolygon
+         sage: P = HyperbolicRegularPolygon(2, pi/10, I, {})
+         Traceback (most recent call last):
+         ...
+         ValueError: degenerated polygons (sides<=2) are not supported
+    """
+    def __init__(self, sides, i_angle, center, options):
+        """
+        Initialize HyperbolicRegularPolygon.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.hyperbolic_regular_polygon import HyperbolicRegularPolygon
+            sage: print(HyperbolicRegularPolygon(5,pi/2,I, {}))
+            Hyperbolic regular polygon (sides=5, i_angle=1/2*pi, center=1.00000000000000*I)
+        """
+        self.center = CC(center)
+        if self.center.imag() <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("center: %s is not a valid point in the upper half plane model of the hyperbolic plane" % (self.center))
+        if sides < 3:
+            raise ValueError("degenerated polygons (sides<=2) are not supported")
+        if i_angle <= 0 or i_angle >= pi:
+            raise ValueError("interior angle %s must be in (0, pi) interval" % (i_angle))
+        if pi*(sides-2) - sides*i_angle <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("there exists no hyperbolic regular compact polygon,"
+                             " for sides={} the interior angle must be less than {}".format(sides, pi * (sides-2) / sides))
+        self.sides = sides
+        self.i_angle = i_angle
+        beta = 2 * pi / self.sides # compute the rotation angle to be used ahead
+        alpha = self.i_angle / Integer(2)
+        I = CC(0, 1)
+        # compute using cosine theorem the radius of the circumscribed circle
+        # using the triangle formed by the radius and the three known angles
+        r = arccosh(cot(alpha) * (1 + cos(beta)) / sin(beta))
+
+        # The first point will be always on the imaginary axis limited
+        # to 8 digits for efficiency in the subsequent calculations.
+        z_0 = [I*(e**r).n(digits=8)]
+
+        # Compute the dilation isometry used to move the center
+        # from I to the imaginary part of the given center.
+        scale = self.center.imag()
+
+        # Compute the parabolic isometry to move the center to the
+        # real part of the given center.
+        h_disp = self.center.real()
+
+        d_z_k = [z_0[0]*scale + h_disp]  # d_k has the points for the polygon in the given center
+        z_k = z_0                      # z_k has the Re(z)>0 vertices for the I centered polygon
+        r_z_k = []                     # r_z_k has the Re(z)<0 vertices
+        if is_odd(self.sides):
+            vert = (self.sides - 1) // 2
+        else:
+            vert = self.sides // 2 - 1
+        for k in range(vert):
+            # Compute with 8 digits to accelerate calculations
+            new_z_k = self._i_rotation(z_k[-1], beta).n(digits=8)
+            z_k = z_k + [new_z_k]
+            d_z_k = d_z_k + [new_z_k * scale + h_disp]
+            r_z_k = [-(new_z_k).conjugate() * scale + h_disp] + r_z_k
+        if is_odd(self.sides):
+            HyperbolicPolygon.__init__(self, d_z_k + r_z_k, "UHP", options)
+        else:
+            z_opo = [I * (e**(-r)).n(digits=8) * scale + h_disp]
+            HyperbolicPolygon.__init__(self, d_z_k + z_opo + r_z_k, "UHP", options)
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        """
+        String representation of HyperbolicRegularPolygon.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.hyperbolic_regular_polygon import HyperbolicRegularPolygon
+            sage: HyperbolicRegularPolygon(5,pi/2,I, {})
+            Hyperbolic regular polygon (sides=5, i_angle=1/2*pi, center=1.00000000000000*I)
+        """
+        return ("Hyperbolic regular polygon (sides={}, i_angle={}, center={})".format(self.sides, self.i_angle, self.center))
+
+    def _i_rotation(self, z, alpha):
+        r"""
+        Return the resulting point after applying a hyperbolic
+        rotation centered at `0 + i` and angle ``alpha`` to ``z``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``z`` -- point in the upper complex halfplane to which
+          apply the isometry
+
+        - ``alpha`` -- angle of rotation (radians, counterclockwise)
+
+        OUTPUT: rotated point in the upper complex halfplane
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.plot.hyperbolic_regular_polygon import HyperbolicRegularPolygon
+            sage: P = HyperbolicRegularPolygon(4, pi/4, 1+I, {})
+            sage: P._i_rotation(2+I, pi/2)
+            I - 2
+        """
+        _a = alpha / 2
+        _c = cos(_a)
+        _s = sin(_a)
+        G = matrix([[_c, _s], [-_s, _c]])
+        return (G[0][0] * z + G[0][1]) / (G[1][0] * z + G[1][1])
+
+
+@rename_keyword(color='rgbcolor')
+@options(alpha=1, fill=False, thickness=1, rgbcolor='blue', zorder=2,
+         linestyle='solid')
+def hyperbolic_regular_polygon(sides, i_angle, center=CC(0,1), **options):
+    r"""
+    Return a hyperbolic regular polygon in the upper half model of
+    Hyperbolic plane given the number of sides, interior angle and
+    possibly a center.
+
+    Type ``?hyperbolic_regular_polygon`` to see all options.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``sides`` -- number of sides of the polygon
+
+    - ``i_angle`` -- interior angle of the polygon
+
+    - ``center`` -- (default: `i`) hyperbolic center point
+      (complex number) of the polygon
+
+    OPTIONS:
+
+    - ``alpha`` -- (default: 1)
+
+    - ``fill`` -- (default: ``False``)
+
+    - ``thickness`` -- (default: 1)
+
+    - ``rgbcolor`` -- (default: ``'blue'``)
+
+    - ``linestyle`` -- (default: ``'solid'``) the style of the line,
+      which can be one of the following:
+
+      * ``'dashed'`` or ``'--'``
+      * ``'dotted'`` or ``':'``
+      * ``'solid'`` or ``'-'``
+      * ``'dashdot'`` or ``'-.'``
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    Show a hyperbolic regular polygon with 6 sides and square angles::
+
+        sage: g = hyperbolic_regular_polygon(6, pi/2)
+        sage: g.plot()
+        Graphics object consisting of 1 graphics primitive
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+         g = hyperbolic_regular_polygon(6, pi/2)
+         sphinx_plot(g.plot())
+
+    With more options::
+
+        sage: g = hyperbolic_regular_polygon(6, pi/2, center=3+2*I, fill=True, color='red')
+        sage: g.plot()
+        Graphics object consisting of 1 graphics primitive
+
+    .. PLOT::
+
+         g = hyperbolic_regular_polygon(6, pi/2, center=3+2*I, fill=True, color='red')
+         sphinx_plot(g.plot())
+
+    The code verifies is there exists a hyperbolic regular polygon
+    with the given data, checking
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        A(\mathcal{P}) = \pi(s-2) - s \cdot \alpha > 0,
+
+    where `s` is ``sides`` and `\alpha` is ``i_angle``. This raises an error if
+    the ``i_angle`` is less than the minimum to generate a compact polygon::
+
+        sage: hyperbolic_regular_polygon(4, pi/2)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: there exists no hyperbolic regular compact polygon,
+         for sides=4 the interior angle must be less than 1/2*pi
+
+    It is an error to give a center outside the upper half plane in
+    this model::
+
+        sage: from sage.plot.hyperbolic_regular_polygon import hyperbolic_regular_polygon
+        sage: hyperbolic_regular_polygon(4, pi/4, 1-I)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: center: 1.00000000000000 - 1.00000000000000*I is not
+         a valid point in the upper half plane model of the hyperbolic plane
+    """
+    g = Graphics()
+    g._set_extra_kwds(g._extract_kwds_for_show(options))
+    g.add_primitive(HyperbolicRegularPolygon(sides, i_angle, center, options))
+    g.set_aspect_ratio(1)
+    return g