nvfuser-cu121-torch25 0.2.25.dev20250201__cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl

nvfuser/include/nvfuser/flatbuffers/registry.h

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+/*
+ * Copyright 2017 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef FLATBUFFERS_REGISTRY_H_
+#define FLATBUFFERS_REGISTRY_H_
+
+#include "flatbuffers/base.h"
+#include "flatbuffers/idl.h"
+
+namespace flatbuffers {
+
+// Convenience class to easily parse or generate text for arbitrary FlatBuffers.
+// Simply pre-populate it with all schema filenames that may be in use, and
+// This class will look them up using the file_identifier declared in the
+// schema.
+class Registry {
+ public:
+  // Call this for all schemas that may be in use. The identifier has
+  // a function in the generated code, e.g. MonsterIdentifier().
+  void Register(const char *file_identifier, const char *schema_path) {
+    Schema schema;
+    schema.path_ = schema_path;
+    schemas_[file_identifier] = schema;
+  }
+
+  // Generate text from an arbitrary FlatBuffer by looking up its
+  // file_identifier in the registry.
+  bool FlatBufferToText(const uint8_t *flatbuf, size_t len, std::string *dest) {
+    // Get the identifier out of the buffer.
+    // If the buffer is truncated, exit.
+    if (len < sizeof(uoffset_t) + kFileIdentifierLength) {
+      lasterror_ = "buffer truncated";
+      return false;
+    }
+    std::string ident(
+        reinterpret_cast<const char *>(flatbuf) + sizeof(uoffset_t),
+        kFileIdentifierLength);
+    // Load and parse the schema.
+    Parser parser;
+    if (!LoadSchema(ident, &parser)) return false;
+    // Now we're ready to generate text.
+    if (!GenerateText(parser, flatbuf, dest)) {
+      lasterror_ = "unable to generate text for FlatBuffer binary";
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Converts a binary buffer to text using one of the schemas in the registry,
+  // use the file_identifier to indicate which.
+  // If DetachedBuffer::data() is null then parsing failed.
+  DetachedBuffer TextToFlatBuffer(const char *text,
+                                  const char *file_identifier) {
+    // Load and parse the schema.
+    Parser parser;
+    if (!LoadSchema(file_identifier, &parser)) return DetachedBuffer();
+    // Parse the text.
+    if (!parser.Parse(text)) {
+      lasterror_ = parser.error_;
+      return DetachedBuffer();
+    }
+    // We have a valid FlatBuffer. Detach it from the builder and return.
+    return parser.builder_.Release();
+  }
+
+  // Modify any parsing / output options used by the other functions.
+  void SetOptions(const IDLOptions &opts) { opts_ = opts; }
+
+  // If schemas used contain include statements, call this function for every
+  // directory the parser should search them for.
+  void AddIncludeDirectory(const char *path) { include_paths_.push_back(path); }
+
+  // Returns a human readable error if any of the above functions fail.
+  const std::string &GetLastError() { return lasterror_; }
+
+ private:
+  bool LoadSchema(const std::string &ident, Parser *parser) {
+    // Find the schema, if not, exit.
+    auto it = schemas_.find(ident);
+    if (it == schemas_.end()) {
+      // Don't attach the identifier, since it may not be human readable.
+      lasterror_ = "identifier for this buffer not in the registry";
+      return false;
+    }
+    auto &schema = it->second;
+    // Load the schema from disk. If not, exit.
+    std::string schematext;
+    if (!LoadFile(schema.path_.c_str(), false, &schematext)) {
+      lasterror_ = "could not load schema: " + schema.path_;
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Parse schema.
+    parser->opts = opts_;
+    if (!parser->Parse(schematext.c_str(), include_paths_.data(),
+                       schema.path_.c_str())) {
+      lasterror_ = parser->error_;
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  struct Schema {
+    std::string path_;
+    // TODO(wvo) optionally cache schema file or parsed schema here.
+  };
+
+  std::string lasterror_;
+  IDLOptions opts_;
+  std::vector<const char *> include_paths_;
+  std::map<std::string, Schema> schemas_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace flatbuffers
+
+#endif  // FLATBUFFERS_REGISTRY_H_

nvfuser/include/nvfuser/flatbuffers/stl_emulation.h

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+/*
+ * Copyright 2017 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef FLATBUFFERS_STL_EMULATION_H_
+#define FLATBUFFERS_STL_EMULATION_H_
+
+// clang-format off
+#include "flatbuffers/base.h"
+
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+#include <memory>
+#include <limits>
+
+#ifndef FLATBUFFERS_USE_STD_OPTIONAL
+  // Detect C++17 compatible compiler.
+  // __cplusplus >= 201703L - a compiler has support of 'static inline' variables.
+  #if (defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201703L) \
+      || (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L)
+    #define FLATBUFFERS_USE_STD_OPTIONAL 1
+  #else
+    #define FLATBUFFERS_USE_STD_OPTIONAL 0
+  #endif // (defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201703L) ...
+#endif // FLATBUFFERS_USE_STD_OPTIONAL
+
+#if FLATBUFFERS_USE_STD_OPTIONAL
+  #include <optional>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FLATBUFFERS_USE_STD_SPAN
+  // Testing __cpp_lib_span requires including either <version> or <span>,
+  // both of which were added in C++20.
+  // See: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/feature_test
+  #if defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 202002L
+    #define FLATBUFFERS_USE_STD_SPAN 1
+  #endif
+#endif // FLATBUFFERS_USE_STD_SPAN
+
+#if defined(FLATBUFFERS_USE_STD_SPAN)
+  #include <array>
+  #include <span>
+#else
+  // Disable non-trivial ctors if FLATBUFFERS_SPAN_MINIMAL defined.
+  #if !defined(FLATBUFFERS_TEMPLATES_ALIASES)
+    #define FLATBUFFERS_SPAN_MINIMAL
+  #else
+    // Enable implicit construction of a span<T,N> from a std::array<T,N>.
+    #include <array>
+  #endif
+#endif // defined(FLATBUFFERS_USE_STD_SPAN)
+
+// This header provides backwards compatibility for older versions of the STL.
+namespace flatbuffers {
+
+#if defined(FLATBUFFERS_TEMPLATES_ALIASES)
+  template <typename T>
+  using numeric_limits = std::numeric_limits<T>;
+#else
+  template <typename T> class numeric_limits :
+    public std::numeric_limits<T> {};
+#endif  // defined(FLATBUFFERS_TEMPLATES_ALIASES)
+
+#if defined(FLATBUFFERS_TEMPLATES_ALIASES)
+  template <typename T> using is_scalar = std::is_scalar<T>;
+  template <typename T, typename U> using is_same = std::is_same<T,U>;
+  template <typename T> using is_floating_point = std::is_floating_point<T>;
+  template <typename T> using is_unsigned = std::is_unsigned<T>;
+  template <typename T> using is_enum = std::is_enum<T>;
+  template <typename T> using make_unsigned = std::make_unsigned<T>;
+  template<bool B, class T, class F>
+  using conditional = std::conditional<B, T, F>;
+  template<class T, T v>
+  using integral_constant = std::integral_constant<T, v>;
+  template <bool B>
+  using bool_constant = integral_constant<bool, B>;
+  using true_type  = std::true_type;
+  using false_type = std::false_type;
+#else
+  // MSVC 2010 doesn't support C++11 aliases.
+  template <typename T> struct is_scalar : public std::is_scalar<T> {};
+  template <typename T, typename U> struct is_same : public std::is_same<T,U> {};
+  template <typename T> struct is_floating_point :
+        public std::is_floating_point<T> {};
+  template <typename T> struct is_unsigned : public std::is_unsigned<T> {};
+  template <typename T> struct is_enum : public std::is_enum<T> {};
+  template <typename T> struct make_unsigned : public std::make_unsigned<T> {};
+  template<bool B, class T, class F>
+  struct conditional : public std::conditional<B, T, F> {};
+  template<class T, T v>
+  struct integral_constant : public std::integral_constant<T, v> {};
+  template <bool B>
+  struct bool_constant : public integral_constant<bool, B> {};
+  typedef bool_constant<true>  true_type;
+  typedef bool_constant<false> false_type;
+#endif  // defined(FLATBUFFERS_TEMPLATES_ALIASES)
+
+#if defined(FLATBUFFERS_TEMPLATES_ALIASES)
+  template <class T> using unique_ptr = std::unique_ptr<T>;
+#else
+  // MSVC 2010 doesn't support C++11 aliases.
+  // We're manually "aliasing" the class here as we want to bring unique_ptr
+  // into the flatbuffers namespace.  We have unique_ptr in the flatbuffers
+  // namespace we have a completely independent implementation (see below)
+  // for C++98 STL implementations.
+  template <class T> class unique_ptr : public std::unique_ptr<T> {
+    public:
+    unique_ptr() {}
+    explicit unique_ptr(T* p) : std::unique_ptr<T>(p) {}
+    unique_ptr(std::unique_ptr<T>&& u) { *this = std::move(u); }
+    unique_ptr(unique_ptr&& u) { *this = std::move(u); }
+    unique_ptr& operator=(std::unique_ptr<T>&& u) {
+      std::unique_ptr<T>::reset(u.release());
+      return *this;
+    }
+    unique_ptr& operator=(unique_ptr&& u) {
+      std::unique_ptr<T>::reset(u.release());
+      return *this;
+    }
+    unique_ptr& operator=(T* p) {
+      return std::unique_ptr<T>::operator=(p);
+    }
+  };
+#endif  // defined(FLATBUFFERS_TEMPLATES_ALIASES)
+
+#if FLATBUFFERS_USE_STD_OPTIONAL
+template<class T>
+using Optional = std::optional<T>;
+using nullopt_t = std::nullopt_t;
+inline constexpr nullopt_t nullopt = std::nullopt;
+
+#else
+// Limited implementation of Optional<T> type for a scalar T.
+// This implementation limited by trivial types compatible with
+// std::is_arithmetic<T> or std::is_enum<T> type traits.
+
+// A tag to indicate an empty flatbuffers::optional<T>.
+struct nullopt_t {
+  explicit FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 nullopt_t(int) {}
+};
+
+#if defined(FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_DEFINED)
+  namespace internal {
+    template <class> struct nullopt_holder {
+      static constexpr nullopt_t instance_ = nullopt_t(0);
+    };
+    template<class Dummy>
+    constexpr nullopt_t nullopt_holder<Dummy>::instance_;
+  }
+  static constexpr const nullopt_t &nullopt = internal::nullopt_holder<void>::instance_;
+
+#else
+  namespace internal {
+    template <class> struct nullopt_holder {
+      static const nullopt_t instance_;
+    };
+    template<class Dummy>
+    const nullopt_t nullopt_holder<Dummy>::instance_  = nullopt_t(0);
+  }
+  static const nullopt_t &nullopt = internal::nullopt_holder<void>::instance_;
+
+#endif
+
+template<class T>
+class Optional FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS {
+  // Non-scalar 'T' would extremely complicated Optional<T>.
+  // Use is_scalar<T> checking because flatbuffers flatbuffers::is_arithmetic<T>
+  // isn't implemented.
+  static_assert(flatbuffers::is_scalar<T>::value, "unexpected type T");
+
+ public:
+  ~Optional() {}
+
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 Optional() FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT
+    : value_(), has_value_(false) {}
+
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 Optional(nullopt_t) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT
+    : value_(), has_value_(false) {}
+
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 Optional(T val) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT
+    : value_(val), has_value_(true) {}
+
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 Optional(const Optional &other) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT
+    : value_(other.value_), has_value_(other.has_value_) {}
+
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP14 Optional &operator=(const Optional &other) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+    value_ = other.value_;
+    has_value_ = other.has_value_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP14 Optional &operator=(nullopt_t) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+    value_ = T();
+    has_value_ = false;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP14 Optional &operator=(T val) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+    value_ = val;
+    has_value_ = true;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  void reset() FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+    *this = nullopt;
+  }
+
+  void swap(Optional &other) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+    std::swap(value_, other.value_);
+    std::swap(has_value_, other.has_value_);
+  }
+
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 FLATBUFFERS_EXPLICIT_CPP11 operator bool() const FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+    return has_value_;
+  }
+
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 bool has_value() const FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+    return has_value_;
+  }
+
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 const T& operator*() const FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+    return value_;
+  }
+
+  const T& value() const {
+    FLATBUFFERS_ASSERT(has_value());
+    return value_;
+  }
+
+  T value_or(T default_value) const FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+    return has_value() ? value_ : default_value;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  T value_;
+  bool has_value_;
+};
+
+template<class T>
+FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 bool operator==(const Optional<T>& opt, nullopt_t) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+  return !opt;
+}
+template<class T>
+FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 bool operator==(nullopt_t, const Optional<T>& opt) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+  return !opt;
+}
+
+template<class T, class U>
+FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 bool operator==(const Optional<T>& lhs, const U& rhs) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+  return static_cast<bool>(lhs) && (*lhs == rhs);
+}
+
+template<class T, class U>
+FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 bool operator==(const T& lhs, const Optional<U>& rhs) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+  return static_cast<bool>(rhs) && (lhs == *rhs);
+}
+
+template<class T, class U>
+FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 bool operator==(const Optional<T>& lhs, const Optional<U>& rhs) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+  return static_cast<bool>(lhs) != static_cast<bool>(rhs)
+              ? false
+              : !static_cast<bool>(lhs) ? false : (*lhs == *rhs);
+}
+#endif // FLATBUFFERS_USE_STD_OPTIONAL
+
+
+// Very limited and naive partial implementation of C++20 std::span<T,Extent>.
+#if defined(FLATBUFFERS_USE_STD_SPAN)
+  inline constexpr std::size_t dynamic_extent = std::dynamic_extent;
+  template<class T, std::size_t Extent = std::dynamic_extent>
+  using span = std::span<T, Extent>;
+
+#else // !defined(FLATBUFFERS_USE_STD_SPAN)
+FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR std::size_t dynamic_extent = static_cast<std::size_t>(-1);
+
+// Exclude this code if MSVC2010 or non-STL Android is active.
+// The non-STL Android doesn't have `std::is_convertible` required for SFINAE.
+#if !defined(FLATBUFFERS_SPAN_MINIMAL)
+namespace internal {
+  // This is SFINAE helper class for checking of a common condition:
+  // > This overload only participates in overload resolution
+  // > Check whether a pointer to an array of From can be converted
+  // > to a pointer to an array of To.
+  // This helper is used for checking of 'From -> const From'.
+  template<class To, std::size_t Extent, class From, std::size_t N>
+  struct is_span_convertible {
+    using type =
+      typename std::conditional<std::is_convertible<From (*)[], To (*)[]>::value
+                                && (Extent == dynamic_extent || N == Extent),
+                                int, void>::type;
+  };
+
+  template<typename T>
+  struct SpanIterator {
+    // TODO: upgrade to std::random_access_iterator_tag.
+    using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
+    using difference_type  = std::ptrdiff_t;
+    using value_type = typename std::remove_cv<T>::type;
+    using reference = T&;
+    using pointer   = T*;
+
+    // Convince MSVC compiler that this iterator is trusted (it is verified).
+    #ifdef _MSC_VER
+      using _Unchecked_type = pointer;
+    #endif // _MSC_VER
+
+    SpanIterator(pointer ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+    reference operator*() const { return *ptr_; }
+    pointer operator->() { return ptr_; }
+    SpanIterator& operator++() { ptr_++; return *this; }  
+    SpanIterator  operator++(int) { auto tmp = *this; ++(*this); return tmp; }
+
+    friend bool operator== (const SpanIterator& lhs, const SpanIterator& rhs) { return lhs.ptr_ == rhs.ptr_; }
+    friend bool operator!= (const SpanIterator& lhs, const SpanIterator& rhs) { return lhs.ptr_ != rhs.ptr_; }
+
+   private:
+    pointer ptr_;
+  };
+}  // namespace internal
+#endif  // !defined(FLATBUFFERS_SPAN_MINIMAL)
+
+// T - element type; must be a complete type that is not an abstract
+// class type.
+// Extent - the number of elements in the sequence, or dynamic.
+template<class T, std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+class span FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS {
+ public:
+  typedef T element_type;
+  typedef T& reference;
+  typedef const T& const_reference;
+  typedef T* pointer;
+  typedef const T* const_pointer;
+  typedef std::size_t size_type;
+
+  static FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR size_type extent = Extent;
+
+  // Returns the number of elements in the span.
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 size_type size() const FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+    return count_;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the size of the sequence in bytes.
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11
+  size_type size_bytes() const FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+    return size() * sizeof(element_type);
+  }
+
+  // Checks if the span is empty.
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 bool empty() const FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+    return size() == 0;
+  }
+
+  // Returns a pointer to the beginning of the sequence.
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 pointer data() const FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+    return data_;
+  }
+
+  #if !defined(FLATBUFFERS_SPAN_MINIMAL)
+    using Iterator = internal::SpanIterator<T>;
+
+    Iterator begin() const { return Iterator(data()); }
+    Iterator end() const   { return Iterator(data() + size()); }
+  #endif
+
+  // Returns a reference to the idx-th element of the sequence.
+  // The behavior is undefined if the idx is greater than or equal to size().
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 reference operator[](size_type idx) const {
+    return data()[idx];
+  }
+
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 span(const span &other) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT
+      : data_(other.data_), count_(other.count_) {}
+
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP14 span &operator=(const span &other)
+      FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+    data_ = other.data_;
+    count_ = other.count_;
+  }
+
+  // Limited implementation of
+  // `template <class It> constexpr std::span(It first, size_type count);`.
+  //
+  // Constructs a span that is a view over the range [first, first + count);
+  // the resulting span has: data() == first and size() == count.
+  // The behavior is undefined if [first, first + count) is not a valid range,
+  // or if (extent != flatbuffers::dynamic_extent && count != extent).
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11
+  explicit span(pointer first, size_type count) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT
+    : data_ (Extent == dynamic_extent ? first : (Extent == count ? first : nullptr)),
+      count_(Extent == dynamic_extent ? count : (Extent == count ? Extent : 0)) {
+      // Make span empty if the count argument is incompatible with span<T,N>.
+  }
+
+  // Exclude this code if MSVC2010 is active. The MSVC2010 isn't C++11
+  // compliant, it doesn't support default template arguments for functions.
+  #if defined(FLATBUFFERS_SPAN_MINIMAL)
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 span() FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT : data_(nullptr),
+                                                            count_(0) {
+    static_assert(extent == 0 || extent == dynamic_extent, "invalid span");
+  }
+
+  #else
+  // Constructs an empty span whose data() == nullptr and size() == 0.
+  // This overload only participates in overload resolution if
+  // extent == 0 || extent == flatbuffers::dynamic_extent.
+  // A dummy template argument N is need dependency for SFINAE.
+  template<std::size_t N = 0,
+    typename internal::is_span_convertible<element_type, Extent, element_type, (N - N)>::type = 0>
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 span() FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT : data_(nullptr),
+                                                            count_(0) {
+    static_assert(extent == 0 || extent == dynamic_extent, "invalid span");
+  }
+
+  // Constructs a span that is a view over the array arr; the resulting span
+  // has size() == N and data() == std::data(arr). These overloads only
+  // participate in overload resolution if
+  // extent == std::dynamic_extent || N == extent is true and
+  // std::remove_pointer_t<decltype(std::data(arr))>(*)[]
+  // is convertible to element_type (*)[].
+  template<std::size_t N,
+    typename internal::is_span_convertible<element_type, Extent, element_type, N>::type = 0>
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 span(element_type (&arr)[N]) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT
+      : data_(arr), count_(N) {}
+
+  template<class U, std::size_t N,
+    typename internal::is_span_convertible<element_type, Extent, U, N>::type = 0>
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 span(std::array<U, N> &arr) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT
+     : data_(arr.data()), count_(N) {}
+
+  //template<class U, std::size_t N,
+  //  int = 0>
+  //FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 span(std::array<U, N> &arr) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT
+  //   : data_(arr.data()), count_(N) {}
+
+  template<class U, std::size_t N,
+    typename internal::is_span_convertible<element_type, Extent, U, N>::type = 0>
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 span(const std::array<U, N> &arr) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT
+    : data_(arr.data()), count_(N) {}
+
+  // Converting constructor from another span s;
+  // the resulting span has size() == s.size() and data() == s.data().
+  // This overload only participates in overload resolution
+  // if extent == std::dynamic_extent || N == extent is true and U (*)[]
+  // is convertible to element_type (*)[].
+  template<class U, std::size_t N,
+    typename internal::is_span_convertible<element_type, Extent, U, N>::type = 0>
+  FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11 span(const flatbuffers::span<U, N> &s) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT
+      : span(s.data(), s.size()) {
+  }
+
+  #endif  // !defined(FLATBUFFERS_SPAN_MINIMAL)
+
+ private:
+  // This is a naive implementation with 'count_' member even if (Extent != dynamic_extent).
+  pointer const data_;
+  size_type count_;
+};
+#endif  // defined(FLATBUFFERS_USE_STD_SPAN)
+
+#if !defined(FLATBUFFERS_SPAN_MINIMAL)
+template<class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11
+flatbuffers::span<ElementType, Extent> make_span(ElementType(&arr)[Extent]) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+  return span<ElementType, Extent>(arr);
+}
+
+template<class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11
+flatbuffers::span<const ElementType, Extent> make_span(const ElementType(&arr)[Extent]) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+  return span<const ElementType, Extent>(arr);
+}
+
+template<class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11
+flatbuffers::span<ElementType, Extent> make_span(std::array<ElementType, Extent> &arr) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+  return span<ElementType, Extent>(arr);
+}
+
+template<class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11
+flatbuffers::span<const ElementType, Extent> make_span(const std::array<ElementType, Extent> &arr) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+  return span<const ElementType, Extent>(arr);
+}
+
+template<class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11
+flatbuffers::span<ElementType, dynamic_extent> make_span(ElementType *first, std::size_t count) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+  return span<ElementType, dynamic_extent>(first, count);
+}
+
+template<class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+FLATBUFFERS_CONSTEXPR_CPP11
+flatbuffers::span<const ElementType, dynamic_extent> make_span(const ElementType *first, std::size_t count) FLATBUFFERS_NOEXCEPT {
+  return span<const ElementType, dynamic_extent>(first, count);
+}
+#endif // !defined(FLATBUFFERS_SPAN_MINIMAL)
+
+}  // namespace flatbuffers
+
+#endif  // FLATBUFFERS_STL_EMULATION_H_