numpy 2.4.1__cp314-cp314t-win_arm64.whl

numpy/_core/records.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1088 @@
+"""
+This module contains a set of functions for record arrays.
+"""
+import os
+import warnings
+from collections import Counter
+from contextlib import nullcontext
+
+from numpy._utils import set_module
+
+from . import numeric as sb, numerictypes as nt
+from .arrayprint import _get_legacy_print_mode
+
+# All of the functions allow formats to be a dtype
+__all__ = [
+    'record', 'recarray', 'format_parser', 'fromarrays', 'fromrecords',
+    'fromstring', 'fromfile', 'array', 'find_duplicate',
+]
+
+
+ndarray = sb.ndarray
+
+_byteorderconv = {'b': '>',
+                  'l': '<',
+                  'n': '=',
+                  'B': '>',
+                  'L': '<',
+                  'N': '=',
+                  'S': 's',
+                  's': 's',
+                  '>': '>',
+                  '<': '<',
+                  '=': '=',
+                  '|': '|',
+                  'I': '|',
+                  'i': '|'}
+
+# formats regular expression
+# allows multidimensional spec with a tuple syntax in front
+# of the letter code '(2,3)f4' and ' (  2 ,  3  )  f4  '
+# are equally allowed
+
+numfmt = nt.sctypeDict
+
+
+@set_module('numpy.rec')
+def find_duplicate(list):
+    """Find duplication in a list, return a list of duplicated elements"""
+    return [
+        item
+        for item, counts in Counter(list).items()
+        if counts > 1
+    ]
+
+
+@set_module('numpy.rec')
+class format_parser:
+    """
+    Class to convert formats, names, titles description to a dtype.
+
+    After constructing the format_parser object, the dtype attribute is
+    the converted data-type:
+    ``dtype = format_parser(formats, names, titles).dtype``
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    dtype : dtype
+        The converted data-type.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    formats : str or list of str
+        The format description, either specified as a string with
+        comma-separated format descriptions in the form ``'f8, i4, S5'``, or
+        a list of format description strings  in the form
+        ``['f8', 'i4', 'S5']``.
+    names : str or list/tuple of str
+        The field names, either specified as a comma-separated string in the
+        form ``'col1, col2, col3'``, or as a list or tuple of strings in the
+        form ``['col1', 'col2', 'col3']``.
+        An empty list can be used, in that case default field names
+        ('f0', 'f1', ...) are used.
+    titles : sequence
+        Sequence of title strings. An empty list can be used to leave titles
+        out.
+    aligned : bool, optional
+        If True, align the fields by padding as the C-compiler would.
+        Default is False.
+    byteorder : str, optional
+        If specified, all the fields will be changed to the
+        provided byte-order.  Otherwise, the default byte-order is
+        used. For all available string specifiers, see `dtype.newbyteorder`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.dtype, numpy.typename
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy as np
+    >>> np.rec.format_parser(['<f8', '<i4'], ['col1', 'col2'],
+    ...                      ['T1', 'T2']).dtype
+    dtype([(('T1', 'col1'), '<f8'), (('T2', 'col2'), '<i4')])
+
+    `names` and/or `titles` can be empty lists. If `titles` is an empty list,
+    titles will simply not appear. If `names` is empty, default field names
+    will be used.
+
+    >>> np.rec.format_parser(['f8', 'i4', 'a5'], ['col1', 'col2', 'col3'],
+    ...                      []).dtype
+    dtype([('col1', '<f8'), ('col2', '<i4'), ('col3', '<S5')])
+    >>> np.rec.format_parser(['<f8', '<i4', '<a5'], [], []).dtype
+    dtype([('f0', '<f8'), ('f1', '<i4'), ('f2', 'S5')])
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, formats, names, titles, aligned=False, byteorder=None):
+        self._parseFormats(formats, aligned)
+        self._setfieldnames(names, titles)
+        self._createdtype(byteorder)
+
+    def _parseFormats(self, formats, aligned=False):
+        """ Parse the field formats """
+
+        if formats is None:
+            raise ValueError("Need formats argument")
+        if isinstance(formats, list):
+            dtype = sb.dtype(
+                [
+                    (f'f{i}', format_)
+                    for i, format_ in enumerate(formats)
+                ],
+                aligned,
+            )
+        else:
+            dtype = sb.dtype(formats, aligned)
+        fields = dtype.fields
+        if fields is None:
+            dtype = sb.dtype([('f1', dtype)], aligned)
+            fields = dtype.fields
+        keys = dtype.names
+        self._f_formats = [fields[key][0] for key in keys]
+        self._offsets = [fields[key][1] for key in keys]
+        self._nfields = len(keys)
+
+    def _setfieldnames(self, names, titles):
+        """convert input field names into a list and assign to the _names
+        attribute """
+
+        if names:
+            if type(names) in [list, tuple]:
+                pass
+            elif isinstance(names, str):
+                names = names.split(',')
+            else:
+                raise NameError(f"illegal input names {repr(names)}")
+
+            self._names = [n.strip() for n in names[:self._nfields]]
+        else:
+            self._names = []
+
+        # if the names are not specified, they will be assigned as
+        #  "f0, f1, f2,..."
+        # if not enough names are specified, they will be assigned as "f[n],
+        # f[n+1],..." etc. where n is the number of specified names..."
+        self._names += ['f%d' % i for i in range(len(self._names),
+                                                 self._nfields)]
+        # check for redundant names
+        _dup = find_duplicate(self._names)
+        if _dup:
+            raise ValueError(f"Duplicate field names: {_dup}")
+
+        if titles:
+            self._titles = [n.strip() for n in titles[:self._nfields]]
+        else:
+            self._titles = []
+            titles = []
+
+        if self._nfields > len(titles):
+            self._titles += [None] * (self._nfields - len(titles))
+
+    def _createdtype(self, byteorder):
+        dtype = sb.dtype({
+            'names': self._names,
+            'formats': self._f_formats,
+            'offsets': self._offsets,
+            'titles': self._titles,
+        })
+        if byteorder is not None:
+            byteorder = _byteorderconv[byteorder[0]]
+            dtype = dtype.newbyteorder(byteorder)
+
+        self.dtype = dtype
+
+
+class record(nt.void):
+    """A data-type scalar that allows field access as attribute lookup.
+    """
+
+    # manually set name and module so that this class's type shows up
+    # as numpy.record when printed
+    __name__ = 'record'
+    __module__ = 'numpy'
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if _get_legacy_print_mode() <= 113:
+            return self.__str__()
+        return super().__repr__()
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        if _get_legacy_print_mode() <= 113:
+            return str(self.item())
+        return super().__str__()
+
+    def __getattribute__(self, attr):
+        if attr in ('setfield', 'getfield', 'dtype'):
+            return nt.void.__getattribute__(self, attr)
+        try:
+            return nt.void.__getattribute__(self, attr)
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        fielddict = nt.void.__getattribute__(self, 'dtype').fields
+        res = fielddict.get(attr, None)
+        if res:
+            obj = self.getfield(*res[:2])
+            # if it has fields return a record,
+            # otherwise return the object
+            try:
+                dt = obj.dtype
+            except AttributeError:
+                # happens if field is Object type
+                return obj
+            if dt.names is not None:
+                return obj.view((self.__class__, obj.dtype))
+            return obj
+        else:
+            raise AttributeError(f"'record' object has no attribute '{attr}'")
+
+    def __setattr__(self, attr, val):
+        if attr in ('setfield', 'getfield', 'dtype'):
+            raise AttributeError(f"Cannot set '{attr}' attribute")
+        fielddict = nt.void.__getattribute__(self, 'dtype').fields
+        res = fielddict.get(attr, None)
+        if res:
+            return self.setfield(val, *res[:2])
+        elif getattr(self, attr, None):
+            return nt.void.__setattr__(self, attr, val)
+        else:
+            raise AttributeError(f"'record' object has no attribute '{attr}'")
+
+    def __getitem__(self, indx):
+        obj = nt.void.__getitem__(self, indx)
+
+        # copy behavior of record.__getattribute__,
+        if isinstance(obj, nt.void) and obj.dtype.names is not None:
+            return obj.view((self.__class__, obj.dtype))
+        else:
+            # return a single element
+            return obj
+
+    def pprint(self):
+        """Pretty-print all fields."""
+        # pretty-print all fields
+        names = self.dtype.names
+        maxlen = max(len(name) for name in names)
+        fmt = '%% %ds: %%s' % maxlen
+        rows = [fmt % (name, getattr(self, name)) for name in names]
+        return "\n".join(rows)
+
+# The recarray is almost identical to a standard array (which supports
+#   named fields already)  The biggest difference is that it can use
+#   attribute-lookup to find the fields and it is constructed using
+#   a record.
+
+# If byteorder is given it forces a particular byteorder on all
+#  the fields (and any subfields)
+
+
+@set_module("numpy.rec")
+class recarray(ndarray):
+    """Construct an ndarray that allows field access using attributes.
+
+    Arrays may have a data-types containing fields, analogous
+    to columns in a spread sheet.  An example is ``[(x, int), (y, float)]``,
+    where each entry in the array is a pair of ``(int, float)``.  Normally,
+    these attributes are accessed using dictionary lookups such as ``arr['x']``
+    and ``arr['y']``.  Record arrays allow the fields to be accessed as members
+    of the array, using ``arr.x`` and ``arr.y``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    shape : tuple
+        Shape of output array.
+    dtype : data-type, optional
+        The desired data-type.  By default, the data-type is determined
+        from `formats`, `names`, `titles`, `aligned` and `byteorder`.
+    formats : list of data-types, optional
+        A list containing the data-types for the different columns, e.g.
+        ``['i4', 'f8', 'i4']``.  `formats` does *not* support the new
+        convention of using types directly, i.e. ``(int, float, int)``.
+        Note that `formats` must be a list, not a tuple.
+        Given that `formats` is somewhat limited, we recommend specifying
+        `dtype` instead.
+    names : tuple of str, optional
+        The name of each column, e.g. ``('x', 'y', 'z')``.
+    buf : buffer, optional
+        By default, a new array is created of the given shape and data-type.
+        If `buf` is specified and is an object exposing the buffer interface,
+        the array will use the memory from the existing buffer.  In this case,
+        the `offset` and `strides` keywords are available.
+
+    Other Parameters
+    ----------------
+    titles : tuple of str, optional
+        Aliases for column names.  For example, if `names` were
+        ``('x', 'y', 'z')`` and `titles` is
+        ``('x_coordinate', 'y_coordinate', 'z_coordinate')``, then
+        ``arr['x']`` is equivalent to both ``arr.x`` and ``arr.x_coordinate``.
+    byteorder : {'<', '>', '='}, optional
+        Byte-order for all fields.
+    aligned : bool, optional
+        Align the fields in memory as the C-compiler would.
+    strides : tuple of ints, optional
+        Buffer (`buf`) is interpreted according to these strides (strides
+        define how many bytes each array element, row, column, etc.
+        occupy in memory).
+    offset : int, optional
+        Start reading buffer (`buf`) from this offset onwards.
+    order : {'C', 'F'}, optional
+        Row-major (C-style) or column-major (Fortran-style) order.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    rec : recarray
+        Empty array of the given shape and type.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.rec.fromrecords : Construct a record array from data.
+    numpy.record : fundamental data-type for `recarray`.
+    numpy.rec.format_parser : determine data-type from formats, names, titles.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    This constructor can be compared to ``empty``: it creates a new record
+    array but does not fill it with data.  To create a record array from data,
+    use one of the following methods:
+
+    1. Create a standard ndarray and convert it to a record array,
+       using ``arr.view(np.recarray)``
+    2. Use the `buf` keyword.
+    3. Use `np.rec.fromrecords`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Create an array with two fields, ``x`` and ``y``:
+
+    >>> import numpy as np
+    >>> x = np.array([(1.0, 2), (3.0, 4)], dtype=[('x', '<f8'), ('y', '<i8')])
+    >>> x
+    array([(1., 2), (3., 4)], dtype=[('x', '<f8'), ('y', '<i8')])
+
+    >>> x['x']
+    array([1., 3.])
+
+    View the array as a record array:
+
+    >>> x = x.view(np.recarray)
+
+    >>> x.x
+    array([1., 3.])
+
+    >>> x.y
+    array([2, 4])
+
+    Create a new, empty record array:
+
+    >>> np.recarray((2,),
+    ... dtype=[('x', int), ('y', float), ('z', int)]) #doctest: +SKIP
+    rec.array([(-1073741821, 1.2249118382103472e-301, 24547520),
+           (3471280, 1.2134086255804012e-316, 0)],
+          dtype=[('x', '<i4'), ('y', '<f8'), ('z', '<i4')])
+
+    """
+
+    def __new__(subtype, shape, dtype=None, buf=None, offset=0, strides=None,
+                formats=None, names=None, titles=None,
+                byteorder=None, aligned=False, order='C'):
+
+        if dtype is not None:
+            descr = sb.dtype(dtype)
+        else:
+            descr = format_parser(
+                formats, names, titles, aligned, byteorder
+            ).dtype
+
+        if buf is None:
+            self = ndarray.__new__(
+                subtype, shape, (record, descr), order=order
+            )
+        else:
+            self = ndarray.__new__(
+                subtype, shape, (record, descr), buffer=buf,
+                offset=offset, strides=strides, order=order
+            )
+        return self
+
+    def __array_finalize__(self, obj):
+        if self.dtype.type is not record and self.dtype.names is not None:
+            # if self.dtype is not np.record, invoke __setattr__ which will
+            # convert it to a record if it is a void dtype.
+            self.dtype = self.dtype
+
+    def __getattribute__(self, attr):
+        # See if ndarray has this attr, and return it if so. (note that this
+        # means a field with the same name as an ndarray attr cannot be
+        # accessed by attribute).
+        try:
+            return object.__getattribute__(self, attr)
+        except AttributeError:  # attr must be a fieldname
+            pass
+
+        # look for a field with this name
+        fielddict = ndarray.__getattribute__(self, 'dtype').fields
+        try:
+            res = fielddict[attr][:2]
+        except (TypeError, KeyError) as e:
+            raise AttributeError(f"recarray has no attribute {attr}") from e
+        obj = self.getfield(*res)
+
+        # At this point obj will always be a recarray, since (see
+        # PyArray_GetField) the type of obj is inherited. Next, if obj.dtype is
+        # non-structured, convert it to an ndarray. Then if obj is structured
+        # with void type convert it to the same dtype.type (eg to preserve
+        # numpy.record type if present), since nested structured fields do not
+        # inherit type. Don't do this for non-void structures though.
+        if obj.dtype.names is not None:
+            if issubclass(obj.dtype.type, nt.void):
+                return obj.view(dtype=(self.dtype.type, obj.dtype))
+            return obj
+        else:
+            return obj.view(ndarray)
+
+    # Save the dictionary.
+    # If the attr is a field name and not in the saved dictionary
+    # Undo any "setting" of the attribute and do a setfield
+    # Thus, you can't create attributes on-the-fly that are field names.
+    def __setattr__(self, attr, val):
+
+        # Automatically convert (void) structured types to records
+        # (but not non-void structures, subarrays, or non-structured voids)
+        if (
+            attr == 'dtype' and
+            issubclass(val.type, nt.void) and
+            val.names is not None
+        ):
+            val = sb.dtype((record, val))
+
+        newattr = attr not in self.__dict__
+        try:
+            ret = object.__setattr__(self, attr, val)
+        except Exception:
+            fielddict = ndarray.__getattribute__(self, 'dtype').fields or {}
+            if attr not in fielddict:
+                raise
+        else:
+            fielddict = ndarray.__getattribute__(self, 'dtype').fields or {}
+            if attr not in fielddict:
+                return ret
+            if newattr:
+                # We just added this one or this setattr worked on an
+                # internal attribute.
+                try:
+                    object.__delattr__(self, attr)
+                except Exception:
+                    return ret
+        try:
+            res = fielddict[attr][:2]
+        except (TypeError, KeyError) as e:
+            raise AttributeError(
+                f"record array has no attribute {attr}"
+            ) from e
+        return self.setfield(val, *res)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, indx):
+        obj = super().__getitem__(indx)
+
+        # copy behavior of getattr, except that here
+        # we might also be returning a single element
+        if isinstance(obj, ndarray):
+            if obj.dtype.names is not None:
+                obj = obj.view(type(self))
+                if issubclass(obj.dtype.type, nt.void):
+                    return obj.view(dtype=(self.dtype.type, obj.dtype))
+                return obj
+            else:
+                return obj.view(type=ndarray)
+        else:
+            # return a single element
+            return obj
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+
+        repr_dtype = self.dtype
+        if (
+            self.dtype.type is record or
+            not issubclass(self.dtype.type, nt.void)
+        ):
+            # If this is a full record array (has numpy.record dtype),
+            # or if it has a scalar (non-void) dtype with no records,
+            # represent it using the rec.array function. Since rec.array
+            # converts dtype to a numpy.record for us, convert back
+            # to non-record before printing
+            if repr_dtype.type is record:
+                repr_dtype = sb.dtype((nt.void, repr_dtype))
+            prefix = "rec.array("
+            fmt = 'rec.array(%s,%sdtype=%s)'
+        else:
+            # otherwise represent it using np.array plus a view
+            # This should only happen if the user is playing
+            # strange games with dtypes.
+            prefix = "array("
+            fmt = 'array(%s,%sdtype=%s).view(numpy.recarray)'
+
+        # get data/shape string. logic taken from numeric.array_repr
+        if self.size > 0 or self.shape == (0,):
+            lst = sb.array2string(
+                self, separator=', ', prefix=prefix, suffix=',')
+        else:
+            # show zero-length shape unless it is (0,)
+            lst = f"[], shape={repr(self.shape)}"
+
+        lf = '\n' + ' ' * len(prefix)
+        if _get_legacy_print_mode() <= 113:
+            lf = ' ' + lf  # trailing space
+        return fmt % (lst, lf, repr_dtype)
+
+    def field(self, attr, val=None):
+        if isinstance(attr, int):
+            names = ndarray.__getattribute__(self, 'dtype').names
+            attr = names[attr]
+
+        fielddict = ndarray.__getattribute__(self, 'dtype').fields
+
+        res = fielddict[attr][:2]
+
+        if val is None:
+            obj = self.getfield(*res)
+            if obj.dtype.names is not None:
+                return obj
+            return obj.view(ndarray)
+        else:
+            return self.setfield(val, *res)
+
+
+def _deprecate_shape_0_as_None(shape):
+    if shape == 0:
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Passing `shape=0` to have the shape be inferred is deprecated, "
+            "and in future will be equivalent to `shape=(0,)`. To infer "
+            "the shape and suppress this warning, pass `shape=None` instead.",
+            FutureWarning, stacklevel=3)
+        return None
+    else:
+        return shape
+
+
+@set_module("numpy.rec")
+def fromarrays(arrayList, dtype=None, shape=None, formats=None,
+               names=None, titles=None, aligned=False, byteorder=None):
+    """Create a record array from a (flat) list of arrays
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arrayList : list or tuple
+        List of array-like objects (such as lists, tuples,
+        and ndarrays).
+    dtype : data-type, optional
+        valid dtype for all arrays
+    shape : int or tuple of ints, optional
+        Shape of the resulting array. If not provided, inferred from
+        ``arrayList[0]``.
+    formats, names, titles, aligned, byteorder :
+        If `dtype` is ``None``, these arguments are passed to
+        `numpy.rec.format_parser` to construct a dtype. See that function for
+        detailed documentation.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    np.recarray
+        Record array consisting of given arrayList columns.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x1=np.array([1,2,3,4])
+    >>> x2=np.array(['a','dd','xyz','12'])
+    >>> x3=np.array([1.1,2,3,4])
+    >>> r = np.rec.fromarrays([x1,x2,x3],names='a,b,c')
+    >>> print(r[1])
+    (2, 'dd', 2.0) # may vary
+    >>> x1[1]=34
+    >>> r.a
+    array([1, 2, 3, 4])
+
+    >>> x1 = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
+    >>> x2 = np.array(['a', 'dd', 'xyz', '12'])
+    >>> x3 = np.array([1.1, 2, 3,4])
+    >>> r = np.rec.fromarrays(
+    ...     [x1, x2, x3],
+    ...     dtype=np.dtype([('a', np.int32), ('b', 'S3'), ('c', np.float32)]))
+    >>> r
+    rec.array([(1, b'a', 1.1), (2, b'dd', 2. ), (3, b'xyz', 3. ),
+               (4, b'12', 4. )],
+              dtype=[('a', '<i4'), ('b', 'S3'), ('c', '<f4')])
+    """
+
+    arrayList = [sb.asarray(x) for x in arrayList]
+
+    # NumPy 1.19.0, 2020-01-01
+    shape = _deprecate_shape_0_as_None(shape)
+
+    if shape is None:
+        shape = arrayList[0].shape
+    elif isinstance(shape, int):
+        shape = (shape,)
+
+    if formats is None and dtype is None:
+        # go through each object in the list to see if it is an ndarray
+        # and determine the formats.
+        formats = [obj.dtype for obj in arrayList]
+
+    if dtype is not None:
+        descr = sb.dtype(dtype)
+    else:
+        descr = format_parser(formats, names, titles, aligned, byteorder).dtype
+    _names = descr.names
+
+    # Determine shape from data-type.
+    if len(descr) != len(arrayList):
+        raise ValueError("mismatch between the number of fields "
+                "and the number of arrays")
+
+    d0 = descr[0].shape
+    nn = len(d0)
+    if nn > 0:
+        shape = shape[:-nn]
+
+    _array = recarray(shape, descr)
+
+    # populate the record array (makes a copy)
+    for k, obj in enumerate(arrayList):
+        nn = descr[k].ndim
+        testshape = obj.shape[:obj.ndim - nn]
+        name = _names[k]
+        if testshape != shape:
+            raise ValueError(f'array-shape mismatch in array {k} ("{name}")')
+
+        _array[name] = obj
+
+    return _array
+
+
+@set_module("numpy.rec")
+def fromrecords(recList, dtype=None, shape=None, formats=None, names=None,
+                titles=None, aligned=False, byteorder=None):
+    """Create a recarray from a list of records in text form.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    recList : sequence
+        data in the same field may be heterogeneous - they will be promoted
+        to the highest data type.
+    dtype : data-type, optional
+        valid dtype for all arrays
+    shape : int or tuple of ints, optional
+        shape of each array.
+    formats, names, titles, aligned, byteorder :
+        If `dtype` is ``None``, these arguments are passed to
+        `numpy.format_parser` to construct a dtype. See that function for
+        detailed documentation.
+
+        If both `formats` and `dtype` are None, then this will auto-detect
+        formats. Use list of tuples rather than list of lists for faster
+        processing.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    np.recarray
+        record array consisting of given recList rows.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> r=np.rec.fromrecords([(456,'dbe',1.2),(2,'de',1.3)],
+    ... names='col1,col2,col3')
+    >>> print(r[0])
+    (456, 'dbe', 1.2)
+    >>> r.col1
+    array([456,   2])
+    >>> r.col2
+    array(['dbe', 'de'], dtype='<U3')
+    >>> import pickle
+    >>> pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(r))
+    rec.array([(456, 'dbe', 1.2), (  2, 'de', 1.3)],
+              dtype=[('col1', '<i8'), ('col2', '<U3'), ('col3', '<f8')])
+    """
+
+    if formats is None and dtype is None:  # slower
+        obj = sb.array(recList, dtype=object)
+        arrlist = [
+            sb.array(obj[..., i].tolist()) for i in range(obj.shape[-1])
+        ]
+        return fromarrays(arrlist, formats=formats, shape=shape, names=names,
+                          titles=titles, aligned=aligned, byteorder=byteorder)
+
+    if dtype is not None:
+        descr = sb.dtype((record, dtype))
+    else:
+        descr = format_parser(
+            formats, names, titles, aligned, byteorder
+        ).dtype
+
+    try:
+        retval = sb.array(recList, dtype=descr)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        # NumPy 1.19.0, 2020-01-01
+        shape = _deprecate_shape_0_as_None(shape)
+        if shape is None:
+            shape = len(recList)
+        if isinstance(shape, int):
+            shape = (shape,)
+        if len(shape) > 1:
+            raise ValueError("Can only deal with 1-d array.")
+        _array = recarray(shape, descr)
+        for k in range(_array.size):
+            _array[k] = tuple(recList[k])
+        # list of lists instead of list of tuples ?
+        # 2018-02-07, 1.14.1
+        warnings.warn(
+            "fromrecords expected a list of tuples, may have received a list "
+            "of lists instead. In the future that will raise an error",
+            FutureWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        return _array
+    else:
+        if shape is not None and retval.shape != shape:
+            retval.shape = shape
+
+    res = retval.view(recarray)
+
+    return res
+
+
+@set_module("numpy.rec")
+def fromstring(datastring, dtype=None, shape=None, offset=0, formats=None,
+               names=None, titles=None, aligned=False, byteorder=None):
+    r"""Create a record array from binary data
+
+    Note that despite the name of this function it does not accept `str`
+    instances.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    datastring : bytes-like
+        Buffer of binary data
+    dtype : data-type, optional
+        Valid dtype for all arrays
+    shape : int or tuple of ints, optional
+        Shape of each array.
+    offset : int, optional
+        Position in the buffer to start reading from.
+    formats, names, titles, aligned, byteorder :
+        If `dtype` is ``None``, these arguments are passed to
+        `numpy.format_parser` to construct a dtype. See that function for
+        detailed documentation.
+
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    np.recarray
+        Record array view into the data in datastring. This will be readonly
+        if `datastring` is readonly.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.frombuffer
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = b'\x01\x02\x03abc'
+    >>> np.rec.fromstring(a, dtype='u1,u1,u1,S3')
+    rec.array([(1, 2, 3, b'abc')],
+            dtype=[('f0', 'u1'), ('f1', 'u1'), ('f2', 'u1'), ('f3', 'S3')])
+
+    >>> grades_dtype = [('Name', (np.str_, 10)), ('Marks', np.float64),
+    ...                 ('GradeLevel', np.int32)]
+    >>> grades_array = np.array([('Sam', 33.3, 3), ('Mike', 44.4, 5),
+    ...                         ('Aadi', 66.6, 6)], dtype=grades_dtype)
+    >>> np.rec.fromstring(grades_array.tobytes(), dtype=grades_dtype)
+    rec.array([('Sam', 33.3, 3), ('Mike', 44.4, 5), ('Aadi', 66.6, 6)],
+            dtype=[('Name', '<U10'), ('Marks', '<f8'), ('GradeLevel', '<i4')])
+
+    >>> s = '\x01\x02\x03abc'
+    >>> np.rec.fromstring(s, dtype='u1,u1,u1,S3')
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+       ...
+    TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
+    """
+
+    if dtype is None and formats is None:
+        raise TypeError("fromstring() needs a 'dtype' or 'formats' argument")
+
+    if dtype is not None:
+        descr = sb.dtype(dtype)
+    else:
+        descr = format_parser(formats, names, titles, aligned, byteorder).dtype
+
+    itemsize = descr.itemsize
+
+    # NumPy 1.19.0, 2020-01-01
+    shape = _deprecate_shape_0_as_None(shape)
+
+    if shape in (None, -1):
+        shape = (len(datastring) - offset) // itemsize
+
+    _array = recarray(shape, descr, buf=datastring, offset=offset)
+    return _array
+
+def get_remaining_size(fd):
+    pos = fd.tell()
+    try:
+        fd.seek(0, 2)
+        return fd.tell() - pos
+    finally:
+        fd.seek(pos, 0)
+
+
+@set_module("numpy.rec")
+def fromfile(fd, dtype=None, shape=None, offset=0, formats=None,
+             names=None, titles=None, aligned=False, byteorder=None):
+    """Create an array from binary file data
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fd : str or file type
+        If file is a string or a path-like object then that file is opened,
+        else it is assumed to be a file object. The file object must
+        support random access (i.e. it must have tell and seek methods).
+    dtype : data-type, optional
+        valid dtype for all arrays
+    shape : int or tuple of ints, optional
+        shape of each array.
+    offset : int, optional
+        Position in the file to start reading from.
+    formats, names, titles, aligned, byteorder :
+        If `dtype` is ``None``, these arguments are passed to
+        `numpy.format_parser` to construct a dtype. See that function for
+        detailed documentation
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    np.recarray
+        record array consisting of data enclosed in file.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from tempfile import TemporaryFile
+    >>> a = np.empty(10,dtype='f8,i4,a5')
+    >>> a[5] = (0.5,10,'abcde')
+    >>>
+    >>> fd=TemporaryFile()
+    >>> a = a.view(a.dtype.newbyteorder('<'))
+    >>> a.tofile(fd)
+    >>>
+    >>> _ = fd.seek(0)
+    >>> r=np.rec.fromfile(fd, formats='f8,i4,a5', shape=10,
+    ... byteorder='<')
+    >>> print(r[5])
+    (0.5, 10, b'abcde')
+    >>> r.shape
+    (10,)
+    """
+
+    if dtype is None and formats is None:
+        raise TypeError("fromfile() needs a 'dtype' or 'formats' argument")
+
+    # NumPy 1.19.0, 2020-01-01
+    shape = _deprecate_shape_0_as_None(shape)
+
+    if shape is None:
+        shape = (-1,)
+    elif isinstance(shape, int):
+        shape = (shape,)
+
+    if hasattr(fd, 'readinto'):
+        # GH issue 2504. fd supports io.RawIOBase or io.BufferedIOBase
+        # interface. Example of fd: gzip, BytesIO, BufferedReader
+        # file already opened
+        ctx = nullcontext(fd)
+    else:
+        # open file
+        ctx = open(os.fspath(fd), 'rb')
+
+    with ctx as fd:
+        if offset > 0:
+            fd.seek(offset, 1)
+        size = get_remaining_size(fd)
+
+        if dtype is not None:
+            descr = sb.dtype(dtype)
+        else:
+            descr = format_parser(
+                formats, names, titles, aligned, byteorder
+            ).dtype
+
+        itemsize = descr.itemsize
+
+        shapeprod = sb.array(shape).prod(dtype=nt.intp)
+        shapesize = shapeprod * itemsize
+        if shapesize < 0:
+            shape = list(shape)
+            shape[shape.index(-1)] = size // -shapesize
+            shape = tuple(shape)
+            shapeprod = sb.array(shape).prod(dtype=nt.intp)
+
+        nbytes = shapeprod * itemsize
+
+        if nbytes > size:
+            raise ValueError(
+                    "Not enough bytes left in file for specified "
+                    "shape and type."
+                )
+
+        # create the array
+        _array = recarray(shape, descr)
+        nbytesread = fd.readinto(_array.data)
+        if nbytesread != nbytes:
+            raise OSError("Didn't read as many bytes as expected")
+
+    return _array
+
+
+@set_module("numpy.rec")
+def array(obj, dtype=None, shape=None, offset=0, strides=None, formats=None,
+          names=None, titles=None, aligned=False, byteorder=None, copy=True):
+    """
+    Construct a record array from a wide-variety of objects.
+
+    A general-purpose record array constructor that dispatches to the
+    appropriate `recarray` creation function based on the inputs (see Notes).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    obj : any
+        Input object. See Notes for details on how various input types are
+        treated.
+    dtype : data-type, optional
+        Valid dtype for array.
+    shape : int or tuple of ints, optional
+        Shape of each array.
+    offset : int, optional
+        Position in the file or buffer to start reading from.
+    strides : tuple of ints, optional
+        Buffer (`buf`) is interpreted according to these strides (strides
+        define how many bytes each array element, row, column, etc.
+        occupy in memory).
+    formats, names, titles, aligned, byteorder :
+        If `dtype` is ``None``, these arguments are passed to
+        `numpy.format_parser` to construct a dtype. See that function for
+        detailed documentation.
+    copy : bool, optional
+        Whether to copy the input object (True), or to use a reference instead.
+        This option only applies when the input is an ndarray or recarray.
+        Defaults to True.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    np.recarray
+        Record array created from the specified object.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    If `obj` is ``None``, then call the `~numpy.recarray` constructor. If
+    `obj` is a string, then call the `fromstring` constructor. If `obj` is a
+    list or a tuple, then if the first object is an `~numpy.ndarray`, call
+    `fromarrays`, otherwise call `fromrecords`. If `obj` is a
+    `~numpy.recarray`, then make a copy of the data in the recarray
+    (if ``copy=True``) and use the new formats, names, and titles. If `obj`
+    is a file, then call `fromfile`. Finally, if obj is an `ndarray`, then
+    return ``obj.view(recarray)``, making a copy of the data if ``copy=True``.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
+    >>> a
+    array([[1, 2, 3],
+           [4, 5, 6],
+           [7, 8, 9]])
+
+    >>> np.rec.array(a)
+    rec.array([[1, 2, 3],
+               [4, 5, 6],
+               [7, 8, 9]],
+              dtype=int64)
+
+    >>> b = [(1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9)]
+    >>> c = np.rec.array(b, formats = ['i2', 'f2'], names = ('x', 'y'))
+    >>> c
+    rec.array([(1, 1.), (2, 4.), (3, 9.)],
+              dtype=[('x', '<i2'), ('y', '<f2')])
+
+    >>> c.x
+    array([1, 2, 3], dtype=int16)
+
+    >>> c.y
+    array([1.,  4.,  9.], dtype=float16)
+
+    >>> r = np.rec.array(['abc','def'], names=['col1','col2'])
+    >>> print(r.col1)
+    abc
+
+    >>> r.col1
+    array('abc', dtype='<U3')
+
+    >>> r.col2
+    array('def', dtype='<U3')
+    """
+
+    if ((isinstance(obj, (type(None), str)) or hasattr(obj, 'readinto')) and
+           formats is None and dtype is None):
+        raise ValueError("Must define formats (or dtype) if object is "
+                         "None, string, or an open file")
+
+    kwds = {}
+    if dtype is not None:
+        dtype = sb.dtype(dtype)
+    elif formats is not None:
+        dtype = format_parser(formats, names, titles,
+                              aligned, byteorder).dtype
+    else:
+        kwds = {'formats': formats,
+                'names': names,
+                'titles': titles,
+                'aligned': aligned,
+                'byteorder': byteorder
+                }
+
+    if obj is None:
+        if shape is None:
+            raise ValueError("Must define a shape if obj is None")
+        return recarray(shape, dtype, buf=obj, offset=offset, strides=strides)
+
+    elif isinstance(obj, bytes):
+        return fromstring(obj, dtype, shape=shape, offset=offset, **kwds)
+
+    elif isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
+        if isinstance(obj[0], (tuple, list)):
+            return fromrecords(obj, dtype=dtype, shape=shape, **kwds)
+        else:
+            return fromarrays(obj, dtype=dtype, shape=shape, **kwds)
+
+    elif isinstance(obj, recarray):
+        if dtype is not None and (obj.dtype != dtype):
+            new = obj.view(dtype)
+        else:
+            new = obj
+        if copy:
+            new = new.copy()
+        return new
+
+    elif hasattr(obj, 'readinto'):
+        return fromfile(obj, dtype=dtype, shape=shape, offset=offset)
+
+    elif isinstance(obj, ndarray):
+        if dtype is not None and (obj.dtype != dtype):
+            new = obj.view(dtype)
+        else:
+            new = obj
+        if copy:
+            new = new.copy()
+        return new.view(recarray)
+
+    else:
+        interface = getattr(obj, "__array_interface__", None)
+        if interface is None or not isinstance(interface, dict):
+            raise ValueError("Unknown input type")
+        obj = sb.array(obj)
+        if dtype is not None and (obj.dtype != dtype):
+            obj = obj.view(dtype)
+        return obj.view(recarray)