numpy 2.4.1__cp314-cp314t-win_arm64.whl

numpy/ma/core.pyi

@@ -0,0 +1,3720 @@
+# pyright: reportIncompatibleMethodOverride=false
+
+import datetime as dt
+import types
+from _typeshed import Incomplete
+from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Concatenate,
+    Final,
+    Generic,
+    Literal,
+    Never,
+    NoReturn,
+    Self,
+    SupportsComplex,
+    SupportsFloat,
+    SupportsIndex,
+    SupportsInt,
+    TypeAlias,
+    Unpack,
+    final,
+    overload,
+)
+from typing_extensions import Buffer, ParamSpec, TypeIs, TypeVar, override
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy import (
+    _AnyShapeT,
+    _HasDType,
+    _HasDTypeWithRealAndImag,
+    _ModeKind,
+    _OrderACF,
+    _OrderCF,
+    _OrderKACF,
+    _PartitionKind,
+    _SortKind,
+    _ToIndices,
+    amax,
+    amin,
+    bool_,
+    bytes_,
+    character,
+    complex128,
+    complexfloating,
+    datetime64,
+    dtype,
+    dtypes,
+    expand_dims,
+    flexible,
+    float16,
+    float32,
+    float64,
+    floating,
+    generic,
+    inexact,
+    int8,
+    int64,
+    int_,
+    integer,
+    intp,
+    ndarray,
+    number,
+    object_,
+    signedinteger,
+    str_,
+    timedelta64,
+    ufunc,
+    unsignedinteger,
+    void,
+)
+from numpy._core.fromnumeric import _UFuncKwargs  # type-check only
+from numpy._globals import _NoValueType
+from numpy._typing import (
+    ArrayLike,
+    DTypeLike,
+    NDArray,
+    _32Bit,
+    _64Bit,
+    _AnyShape,
+    _ArrayLike,
+    _ArrayLikeBool_co,
+    _ArrayLikeBytes_co,
+    _ArrayLikeComplex128_co,
+    _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    _ArrayLikeDT64_co,
+    _ArrayLikeFloat64_co,
+    _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    _ArrayLikeInt,
+    _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    _ArrayLikeNumber_co,
+    _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    _ArrayLikeStr_co,
+    _ArrayLikeString_co,
+    _ArrayLikeTD64_co,
+    _ArrayLikeUInt_co,
+    _CharLike_co,
+    _DTypeLike,
+    _DTypeLikeBool,
+    _DTypeLikeVoid,
+    _FloatLike_co,
+    _IntLike_co,
+    _NestedSequence,
+    _ScalarLike_co,
+    _Shape,
+    _ShapeLike,
+    _SupportsArrayFunc,
+    _SupportsDType,
+    _TD64Like_co,
+)
+from numpy._typing._dtype_like import _VoidDTypeLike
+
+__all__ = [
+    "MAError",
+    "MaskError",
+    "MaskType",
+    "MaskedArray",
+    "abs",
+    "absolute",
+    "add",
+    "all",
+    "allclose",
+    "allequal",
+    "alltrue",
+    "amax",
+    "amin",
+    "angle",
+    "anom",
+    "anomalies",
+    "any",
+    "append",
+    "arange",
+    "arccos",
+    "arccosh",
+    "arcsin",
+    "arcsinh",
+    "arctan",
+    "arctan2",
+    "arctanh",
+    "argmax",
+    "argmin",
+    "argsort",
+    "around",
+    "array",
+    "asanyarray",
+    "asarray",
+    "bitwise_and",
+    "bitwise_or",
+    "bitwise_xor",
+    "bool_",
+    "ceil",
+    "choose",
+    "clip",
+    "common_fill_value",
+    "compress",
+    "compressed",
+    "concatenate",
+    "conjugate",
+    "convolve",
+    "copy",
+    "correlate",
+    "cos",
+    "cosh",
+    "count",
+    "cumprod",
+    "cumsum",
+    "default_fill_value",
+    "diag",
+    "diagonal",
+    "diff",
+    "divide",
+    "empty",
+    "empty_like",
+    "equal",
+    "exp",
+    "expand_dims",
+    "fabs",
+    "filled",
+    "fix_invalid",
+    "flatten_mask",
+    "flatten_structured_array",
+    "floor",
+    "floor_divide",
+    "fmod",
+    "frombuffer",
+    "fromflex",
+    "fromfunction",
+    "getdata",
+    "getmask",
+    "getmaskarray",
+    "greater",
+    "greater_equal",
+    "harden_mask",
+    "hypot",
+    "identity",
+    "ids",
+    "indices",
+    "inner",
+    "innerproduct",
+    "isMA",
+    "isMaskedArray",
+    "is_mask",
+    "is_masked",
+    "isarray",
+    "left_shift",
+    "less",
+    "less_equal",
+    "log",
+    "log2",
+    "log10",
+    "logical_and",
+    "logical_not",
+    "logical_or",
+    "logical_xor",
+    "make_mask",
+    "make_mask_descr",
+    "make_mask_none",
+    "mask_or",
+    "masked",
+    "masked_array",
+    "masked_equal",
+    "masked_greater",
+    "masked_greater_equal",
+    "masked_inside",
+    "masked_invalid",
+    "masked_less",
+    "masked_less_equal",
+    "masked_not_equal",
+    "masked_object",
+    "masked_outside",
+    "masked_print_option",
+    "masked_singleton",
+    "masked_values",
+    "masked_where",
+    "max",
+    "maximum",
+    "maximum_fill_value",
+    "mean",
+    "min",
+    "minimum",
+    "minimum_fill_value",
+    "mod",
+    "multiply",
+    "mvoid",
+    "ndim",
+    "negative",
+    "nomask",
+    "nonzero",
+    "not_equal",
+    "ones",
+    "ones_like",
+    "outer",
+    "outerproduct",
+    "power",
+    "prod",
+    "product",
+    "ptp",
+    "put",
+    "putmask",
+    "ravel",
+    "remainder",
+    "repeat",
+    "reshape",
+    "resize",
+    "right_shift",
+    "round",
+    "round_",
+    "set_fill_value",
+    "shape",
+    "sin",
+    "sinh",
+    "size",
+    "soften_mask",
+    "sometrue",
+    "sort",
+    "sqrt",
+    "squeeze",
+    "std",
+    "subtract",
+    "sum",
+    "swapaxes",
+    "take",
+    "tan",
+    "tanh",
+    "trace",
+    "transpose",
+    "true_divide",
+    "var",
+    "where",
+    "zeros",
+    "zeros_like",
+]
+
+_ShapeT = TypeVar("_ShapeT", bound=_Shape)
+_ShapeOrAnyT = TypeVar("_ShapeOrAnyT", bound=_Shape, default=_AnyShape)
+_ShapeT_co = TypeVar("_ShapeT_co", bound=_Shape, default=_AnyShape, covariant=True)
+_DTypeT = TypeVar("_DTypeT", bound=dtype)
+_DTypeT_co = TypeVar("_DTypeT_co", bound=dtype, default=dtype, covariant=True)
+_ArrayT = TypeVar("_ArrayT", bound=ndarray[Any, Any])
+_MArrayT = TypeVar("_MArrayT", bound=MaskedArray[Any, Any])
+_ScalarT = TypeVar("_ScalarT", bound=generic)
+_ScalarT_co = TypeVar("_ScalarT_co", bound=generic, covariant=True)
+_NumberT = TypeVar("_NumberT", bound=number)
+_RealNumberT = TypeVar("_RealNumberT", bound=floating | integer)
+_ArangeScalarT = TypeVar("_ArangeScalarT", bound=_ArangeScalar)
+_UFuncT_co = TypeVar(
+    "_UFuncT_co",
+    # the `| Callable` simplifies self-binding to the ufunc's callable signature
+    bound=np.ufunc | Callable[..., object],
+    default=np.ufunc,
+    covariant=True,
+)
+_Pss = ParamSpec("_Pss")
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+_Ignored: TypeAlias = object
+
+# A subset of `MaskedArray` that can be parametrized w.r.t. `np.generic`
+_MaskedArray: TypeAlias = MaskedArray[_AnyShape, dtype[_ScalarT]]
+_Masked1D: TypeAlias = MaskedArray[tuple[int], dtype[_ScalarT]]
+
+_MaskedArrayUInt_co: TypeAlias = _MaskedArray[unsignedinteger | np.bool]
+_MaskedArrayInt_co: TypeAlias = _MaskedArray[integer | np.bool]
+_MaskedArrayFloat64_co: TypeAlias = _MaskedArray[floating[_64Bit] | float32 | float16 | integer | np.bool]
+_MaskedArrayFloat_co: TypeAlias = _MaskedArray[floating | integer | np.bool]
+_MaskedArrayComplex128_co: TypeAlias = _MaskedArray[number[_64Bit] | number[_32Bit] | float16 | integer | np.bool]
+_MaskedArrayComplex_co: TypeAlias = _MaskedArray[inexact | integer | np.bool]
+_MaskedArrayNumber_co: TypeAlias = _MaskedArray[number | np.bool]
+_MaskedArrayTD64_co: TypeAlias = _MaskedArray[timedelta64 | integer | np.bool]
+
+_ArrayInt_co: TypeAlias = NDArray[integer | bool_]
+_Array1D: TypeAlias = np.ndarray[tuple[int], np.dtype[_ScalarT]]
+
+_ConvertibleToInt: TypeAlias = SupportsInt | SupportsIndex | _CharLike_co
+_ConvertibleToFloat: TypeAlias = SupportsFloat | SupportsIndex | _CharLike_co
+_ConvertibleToComplex: TypeAlias = SupportsComplex | SupportsFloat | SupportsIndex | _CharLike_co
+_ConvertibleToTD64: TypeAlias = dt.timedelta | int | _CharLike_co | character | number | timedelta64 | np.bool | None
+_ConvertibleToDT64: TypeAlias = dt.date | int | _CharLike_co | character | number | datetime64 | np.bool | None
+_ArangeScalar: TypeAlias = floating | integer | datetime64 | timedelta64
+
+_NoMaskType: TypeAlias = np.bool_[Literal[False]]  # type of `np.False_`
+_MaskArray: TypeAlias = np.ndarray[_ShapeOrAnyT, np.dtype[np.bool_]]
+
+_FillValue: TypeAlias = complex | None  # int | float | complex | None
+_FillValueCallable: TypeAlias = Callable[[np.dtype | ArrayLike], _FillValue]
+_DomainCallable: TypeAlias = Callable[..., NDArray[np.bool_]]
+
+###
+
+MaskType = np.bool_
+
+nomask: Final[_NoMaskType] = ...
+
+class MaskedArrayFutureWarning(FutureWarning): ...
+class MAError(Exception): ...
+class MaskError(MAError): ...
+
+# not generic at runtime
+class _MaskedUFunc(Generic[_UFuncT_co]):
+    f: _UFuncT_co  # readonly
+    def __init__(self, /, ufunc: _UFuncT_co) -> None: ...
+
+# not generic at runtime
+class _MaskedUnaryOperation(_MaskedUFunc[_UFuncT_co], Generic[_UFuncT_co]):
+    fill: Final[_FillValue]
+    domain: Final[_DomainCallable | None]
+
+    def __init__(self, /, mufunc: _UFuncT_co, fill: _FillValue = 0, domain: _DomainCallable | None = None) -> None: ...
+
+    # NOTE: This might not work with overloaded callable signatures might not work on
+    # pyright, which is a long-standing issue, and is unique to pyright:
+    # https://github.com/microsoft/pyright/issues/9663
+    # https://github.com/microsoft/pyright/issues/10849
+    # https://github.com/microsoft/pyright/issues/10899
+    # https://github.com/microsoft/pyright/issues/11049
+    def __call__(
+        self: _MaskedUnaryOperation[Callable[Concatenate[Any, _Pss], _T]],
+        /,
+        a: ArrayLike,
+        *args: _Pss.args,
+        **kwargs: _Pss.kwargs,
+    ) -> _T: ...
+
+# not generic at runtime
+class _MaskedBinaryOperation(_MaskedUFunc[_UFuncT_co], Generic[_UFuncT_co]):
+    fillx: Final[_FillValue]
+    filly: Final[_FillValue]
+
+    def __init__(self, /, mbfunc: _UFuncT_co, fillx: _FillValue = 0, filly: _FillValue = 0) -> None: ...
+
+    # NOTE: See the comment in `_MaskedUnaryOperation.__call__`
+    def __call__(
+        self: _MaskedBinaryOperation[Callable[Concatenate[Any, Any, _Pss], _T]],
+        /,
+        a: ArrayLike,
+        b: ArrayLike,
+        *args: _Pss.args,
+        **kwargs: _Pss.kwargs,
+    ) -> _T: ...
+
+    # NOTE: We cannot meaningfully annotate the return (d)types of these methods until
+    # the signatures of the corresponding `numpy.ufunc` methods are specified.
+    def reduce(self, /, target: ArrayLike, axis: SupportsIndex = 0, dtype: DTypeLike | None = None) -> Incomplete: ...
+    def outer(self, /, a: ArrayLike, b: ArrayLike) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+    def accumulate(self, /, target: ArrayLike, axis: SupportsIndex = 0) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+# not generic at runtime
+class _DomainedBinaryOperation(_MaskedUFunc[_UFuncT_co], Generic[_UFuncT_co]):
+    domain: Final[_DomainCallable]
+    fillx: Final[_FillValue]
+    filly: Final[_FillValue]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        /,
+        dbfunc: _UFuncT_co,
+        domain: _DomainCallable,
+        fillx: _FillValue = 0,
+        filly: _FillValue = 0,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    # NOTE: See the comment in `_MaskedUnaryOperation.__call__`
+    def __call__(
+        self: _DomainedBinaryOperation[Callable[Concatenate[Any, Any, _Pss], _T]],
+        /,
+        a: ArrayLike,
+        b: ArrayLike,
+        *args: _Pss.args,
+        **kwargs: _Pss.kwargs,
+    ) -> _T: ...
+
+# not generic at runtime
+class _extrema_operation(_MaskedUFunc[_UFuncT_co], Generic[_UFuncT_co]):
+    compare: Final[_MaskedBinaryOperation]
+    fill_value_func: Final[_FillValueCallable]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        /,
+        ufunc: _UFuncT_co,
+        compare: _MaskedBinaryOperation,
+        fill_value: _FillValueCallable,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    # NOTE: This class is only used internally for `maximum` and `minimum`, so we are
+    # able to annotate the `__call__` method specifically for those two functions.
+    @overload
+    def __call__(self, /, a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], b: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT]) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __call__(self, /, a: ArrayLike, b: ArrayLike) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+    # NOTE: We cannot meaningfully annotate the return (d)types of these methods until
+    # the signatures of the corresponding `numpy.ufunc` methods are specified.
+    def reduce(self, /, target: ArrayLike, axis: SupportsIndex | _NoValueType = ...) -> Incomplete: ...
+    def outer(self, /, a: ArrayLike, b: ArrayLike) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+@final
+class _MaskedPrintOption:
+    _display: str
+    _enabled: bool | Literal[0, 1]
+    def __init__(self, /, display: str) -> None: ...
+    def display(self, /) -> str: ...
+    def set_display(self, /, s: str) -> None: ...
+    def enabled(self, /) -> bool: ...
+    def enable(self, /, shrink: bool | Literal[0, 1] = 1) -> None: ...
+
+masked_print_option: Final[_MaskedPrintOption] = ...
+
+exp: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+conjugate: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+sin: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+cos: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+arctan: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+arcsinh: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+sinh: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+cosh: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+tanh: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+abs: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+absolute: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+angle: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+fabs: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+negative: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+floor: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+ceil: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+around: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+logical_not: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+sqrt: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+log: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+log2: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+log10: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+tan: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+arcsin: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+arccos: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+arccosh: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+arctanh: _MaskedUnaryOperation = ...
+
+add: _MaskedBinaryOperation = ...
+subtract: _MaskedBinaryOperation = ...
+multiply: _MaskedBinaryOperation = ...
+arctan2: _MaskedBinaryOperation = ...
+equal: _MaskedBinaryOperation = ...
+not_equal: _MaskedBinaryOperation = ...
+less_equal: _MaskedBinaryOperation = ...
+greater_equal: _MaskedBinaryOperation = ...
+less: _MaskedBinaryOperation = ...
+greater: _MaskedBinaryOperation = ...
+logical_and: _MaskedBinaryOperation = ...
+def alltrue(target: ArrayLike, axis: SupportsIndex | None = 0, dtype: _DTypeLikeBool | None = None) -> Incomplete: ...
+logical_or: _MaskedBinaryOperation = ...
+def sometrue(target: ArrayLike, axis: SupportsIndex | None = 0, dtype: _DTypeLikeBool | None = None) -> Incomplete: ...
+logical_xor: _MaskedBinaryOperation = ...
+bitwise_and: _MaskedBinaryOperation = ...
+bitwise_or: _MaskedBinaryOperation = ...
+bitwise_xor: _MaskedBinaryOperation = ...
+hypot: _MaskedBinaryOperation = ...
+
+divide: _DomainedBinaryOperation = ...
+true_divide: _DomainedBinaryOperation = ...
+floor_divide: _DomainedBinaryOperation = ...
+remainder: _DomainedBinaryOperation = ...
+fmod: _DomainedBinaryOperation = ...
+mod: _DomainedBinaryOperation = ...
+
+# `obj` can be anything (even `object()`), and is too "flexible", so we can't
+# meaningfully annotate it, or its return type.
+def default_fill_value(obj: object) -> Any: ...
+def minimum_fill_value(obj: object) -> Any: ...
+def maximum_fill_value(obj: object) -> Any: ...
+
+#
+@overload  # returns `a.fill_value` if `a` is a `MaskedArray`
+def get_fill_value(a: _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]) -> _ScalarT: ...
+@overload  # otherwise returns `default_fill_value(a)`
+def get_fill_value(a: object) -> Any: ...
+
+# this is a noop if `a` isn't a `MaskedArray`, so we only accept `MaskedArray` input
+def set_fill_value(a: MaskedArray, fill_value: _ScalarLike_co) -> None: ...
+
+# the return type depends on the *values* of `a` and `b` (which cannot be known
+# statically), which is why we need to return an awkward `_ | None`
+@overload
+def common_fill_value(a: _MaskedArray[_ScalarT], b: MaskedArray) -> _ScalarT | None: ...
+@overload
+def common_fill_value(a: object, b: object) -> Any: ...
+
+# keep in sync with `fix_invalid`, but return `ndarray` instead of `MaskedArray`
+@overload
+def filled(a: ndarray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT], fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None) -> ndarray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT]: ...
+@overload
+def filled(a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None) -> NDArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def filled(a: ArrayLike, fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None) -> NDArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+# keep in sync with `filled`, but return `MaskedArray` instead of `ndarray`
+@overload
+def fix_invalid(
+    a: np.ndarray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT],
+    mask: _ArrayLikeBool_co = nomask,
+    copy: bool = True,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT]: ...
+@overload
+def fix_invalid(
+    a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT],
+    mask: _ArrayLikeBool_co = nomask,
+    copy: bool = True,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def fix_invalid(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    mask: _ArrayLikeBool_co = nomask,
+    copy: bool = True,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+#
+def get_masked_subclass(*arrays: object) -> type[MaskedArray]: ...
+
+#
+@overload
+def getdata(a: np.ndarray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT], subok: bool = True) -> np.ndarray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT]: ...
+@overload
+def getdata(a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], subok: bool = True) -> NDArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def getdata(a: ArrayLike, subok: bool = True) -> NDArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+get_data = getdata
+
+#
+@overload
+def getmask(a: _ScalarLike_co) -> _NoMaskType: ...
+@overload
+def getmask(a: MaskedArray[_ShapeT, Any]) -> _MaskArray[_ShapeT] | _NoMaskType: ...
+@overload
+def getmask(a: ArrayLike) -> _MaskArray | _NoMaskType: ...
+
+get_mask = getmask
+
+# like `getmask`, but instead of `nomask` returns `make_mask_none(arr, arr.dtype?)`
+@overload
+def getmaskarray(arr: _ScalarLike_co) -> _MaskArray[tuple[()]]: ...
+@overload
+def getmaskarray(arr: np.ndarray[_ShapeT, Any]) -> _MaskArray[_ShapeT]: ...
+
+# It's sufficient for `m` to have dtype with type: `type[np.bool_]`,
+# which isn't necessarily a ndarray. Please open an issue if this causes issues.
+def is_mask(m: object) -> TypeIs[NDArray[bool_]]: ...
+
+#
+@overload
+def make_mask_descr(ndtype: _VoidDTypeLike) -> np.dtype[np.void]: ...
+@overload
+def make_mask_descr(ndtype: _DTypeLike[np.generic] | str | type) -> np.dtype[np.bool_]: ...
+
+#
+@overload  # m is nomask
+def make_mask(
+    m: _NoMaskType,
+    copy: bool = False,
+    shrink: bool = True,
+    dtype: _DTypeLikeBool = ...,
+) -> _NoMaskType: ...
+@overload  # m: ndarray, shrink=True (default), dtype: bool-like (default)
+def make_mask(
+    m: np.ndarray[_ShapeT],
+    copy: bool = False,
+    shrink: Literal[True] = True,
+    dtype: _DTypeLikeBool = ...,
+) -> _MaskArray[_ShapeT] | _NoMaskType: ...
+@overload  # m: ndarray, shrink=False (kwarg), dtype: bool-like (default)
+def make_mask(
+    m: np.ndarray[_ShapeT],
+    copy: bool = False,
+    *,
+    shrink: Literal[False],
+    dtype: _DTypeLikeBool = ...,
+) -> _MaskArray[_ShapeT]: ...
+@overload  # m: ndarray, dtype: void-like
+def make_mask(
+    m: np.ndarray[_ShapeT],
+    copy: bool = False,
+    shrink: bool = True,
+    *,
+    dtype: _DTypeLikeVoid,
+) -> np.ndarray[_ShapeT, np.dtype[np.void]]: ...
+@overload  # m: array-like, shrink=True (default), dtype: bool-like (default)
+def make_mask(
+    m: ArrayLike,
+    copy: bool = False,
+    shrink: Literal[True] = True,
+    dtype: _DTypeLikeBool = ...,
+) -> _MaskArray | _NoMaskType: ...
+@overload  # m: array-like, shrink=False (kwarg), dtype: bool-like (default)
+def make_mask(
+    m: ArrayLike,
+    copy: bool = False,
+    *,
+    shrink: Literal[False],
+    dtype: _DTypeLikeBool = ...,
+) -> _MaskArray: ...
+@overload  # m: array-like, dtype: void-like
+def make_mask(
+    m: ArrayLike,
+    copy: bool = False,
+    shrink: bool = True,
+    *,
+    dtype: _DTypeLikeVoid,
+) -> NDArray[np.void]: ...
+@overload  # fallback
+def make_mask(
+    m: ArrayLike,
+    copy: bool = False,
+    shrink: bool = True,
+    *,
+    dtype: DTypeLike = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Incomplete] | _NoMaskType: ...
+
+#
+@overload  # known shape, dtype: unstructured (default)
+def make_mask_none(newshape: _ShapeT, dtype: np.dtype | type | str | None = None) -> _MaskArray[_ShapeT]: ...
+@overload  # known shape, dtype: structured
+def make_mask_none(newshape: _ShapeT, dtype: _VoidDTypeLike) -> np.ndarray[_ShapeT, dtype[np.void]]: ...
+@overload  # unknown shape, dtype: unstructured (default)
+def make_mask_none(newshape: _ShapeLike, dtype: np.dtype | type | str | None = None) -> _MaskArray: ...
+@overload  # unknown shape, dtype: structured
+def make_mask_none(newshape: _ShapeLike, dtype: _VoidDTypeLike) -> NDArray[np.void]: ...
+
+#
+@overload  # nomask, scalar-like, shrink=True (default)
+def mask_or(
+    m1: _NoMaskType | Literal[False],
+    m2: _ScalarLike_co,
+    copy: bool = False,
+    shrink: Literal[True] = True,
+) -> _NoMaskType: ...
+@overload  # nomask, scalar-like, shrink=False (kwarg)
+def mask_or(
+    m1: _NoMaskType | Literal[False],
+    m2: _ScalarLike_co,
+    copy: bool = False,
+    *,
+    shrink: Literal[False],
+) -> _MaskArray[tuple[()]]: ...
+@overload  # scalar-like, nomask, shrink=True (default)
+def mask_or(
+    m1: _ScalarLike_co,
+    m2: _NoMaskType | Literal[False],
+    copy: bool = False,
+    shrink: Literal[True] = True,
+) -> _NoMaskType: ...
+@overload  # scalar-like, nomask, shrink=False (kwarg)
+def mask_or(
+    m1: _ScalarLike_co,
+    m2: _NoMaskType | Literal[False],
+    copy: bool = False,
+    *,
+    shrink: Literal[False],
+) -> _MaskArray[tuple[()]]: ...
+@overload  # ndarray, ndarray | nomask, shrink=True (default)
+def mask_or(
+    m1: np.ndarray[_ShapeT, np.dtype[_ScalarT]],
+    m2: np.ndarray[_ShapeT, np.dtype[_ScalarT]] | _NoMaskType | Literal[False],
+    copy: bool = False,
+    shrink: Literal[True] = True,
+) -> _MaskArray[_ShapeT] | _NoMaskType: ...
+@overload  # ndarray, ndarray | nomask, shrink=False (kwarg)
+def mask_or(
+    m1: np.ndarray[_ShapeT, np.dtype[_ScalarT]],
+    m2: np.ndarray[_ShapeT, np.dtype[_ScalarT]] | _NoMaskType | Literal[False],
+    copy: bool = False,
+    *,
+    shrink: Literal[False],
+) -> _MaskArray[_ShapeT]: ...
+@overload  # ndarray | nomask, ndarray, shrink=True (default)
+def mask_or(
+    m1: np.ndarray[_ShapeT, np.dtype[_ScalarT]] | _NoMaskType | Literal[False],
+    m2: np.ndarray[_ShapeT, np.dtype[_ScalarT]],
+    copy: bool = False,
+    shrink: Literal[True] = True,
+) -> _MaskArray[_ShapeT] | _NoMaskType: ...
+@overload  # ndarray | nomask, ndarray, shrink=False (kwarg)
+def mask_or(
+    m1: np.ndarray[_ShapeT, np.dtype[_ScalarT]] | _NoMaskType | Literal[False],
+    m2: np.ndarray[_ShapeT, np.dtype[_ScalarT]],
+    copy: bool = False,
+    *,
+    shrink: Literal[False],
+) -> _MaskArray[_ShapeT]: ...
+
+#
+@overload
+def flatten_mask(mask: np.ndarray[_ShapeT]) -> _MaskArray[_ShapeT]: ...
+@overload
+def flatten_mask(mask: ArrayLike) -> _MaskArray: ...
+
+# NOTE: we currently don't know the field types of `void` dtypes, so it's not possible
+# to know the output dtype of the returned array.
+@overload
+def flatten_structured_array(a: MaskedArray[_ShapeT, np.dtype[np.void]]) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT]: ...
+@overload
+def flatten_structured_array(a: np.ndarray[_ShapeT, np.dtype[np.void]]) -> np.ndarray[_ShapeT]: ...
+@overload  # for some reason this accepts unstructured array-likes, hence this fallback overload
+def flatten_structured_array(a: ArrayLike) -> np.ndarray: ...
+
+# keep in sync with other the `masked_*` functions
+@overload  # known array with known shape and dtype
+def masked_invalid(a: ndarray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT], copy: bool = True) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT]: ...
+@overload  # array-like of known scalar-type
+def masked_invalid(a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], copy: bool = True) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload  # unknown array-like
+def masked_invalid(a: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+# keep in sync with other the `masked_*` functions
+@overload  # array-like of known scalar-type
+def masked_where(
+    condition: _ArrayLikeBool_co, a: ndarray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT], copy: bool = True
+) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT]: ...
+@overload  # array-like of known scalar-type
+def masked_where(condition: _ArrayLikeBool_co, a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], copy: bool = True) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload  # unknown array-like
+def masked_where(condition: _ArrayLikeBool_co, a: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+# keep in sync with other the `masked_*` functions
+@overload  # known array with known shape and dtype
+def masked_greater(x: ndarray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT], value: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT]: ...
+@overload  # array-like of known scalar-type
+def masked_greater(x: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], value: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload  # unknown array-like
+def masked_greater(x: ArrayLike, value: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+# keep in sync with other the `masked_*` functions
+@overload  # known array with known shape and dtype
+def masked_greater_equal(x: ndarray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT], value: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT]: ...
+@overload  # array-like of known scalar-type
+def masked_greater_equal(x: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], value: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload  # unknown array-like
+def masked_greater_equal(x: ArrayLike, value: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+# keep in sync with other the `masked_*` functions
+@overload  # known array with known shape and dtype
+def masked_less(x: ndarray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT], value: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT]: ...
+@overload  # array-like of known scalar-type
+def masked_less(x: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], value: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload  # unknown array-like
+def masked_less(x: ArrayLike, value: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+# keep in sync with other the `masked_*` functions
+@overload  # known array with known shape and dtype
+def masked_less_equal(x: ndarray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT], value: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT]: ...
+@overload  # array-like of known scalar-type
+def masked_less_equal(x: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], value: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload  # unknown array-like
+def masked_less_equal(x: ArrayLike, value: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+# keep in sync with other the `masked_*` functions
+@overload  # known array with known shape and dtype
+def masked_not_equal(x: ndarray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT], value: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT]: ...
+@overload  # array-like of known scalar-type
+def masked_not_equal(x: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], value: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload  # unknown array-like
+def masked_not_equal(x: ArrayLike, value: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+# keep in sync with other the `masked_*` functions
+@overload  # known array with known shape and dtype
+def masked_equal(x: ndarray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT], value: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT]: ...
+@overload  # array-like of known scalar-type
+def masked_equal(x: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], value: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload  # unknown array-like
+def masked_equal(x: ArrayLike, value: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+# keep in sync with other the `masked_*` functions
+@overload  # known array with known shape and dtype
+def masked_inside(x: ndarray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT], v1: ArrayLike, v2: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT]: ...
+@overload  # array-like of known scalar-type
+def masked_inside(x: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], v1: ArrayLike, v2: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload  # unknown array-like
+def masked_inside(x: ArrayLike, v1: ArrayLike, v2: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+# keep in sync with other the `masked_*` functions
+@overload  # known array with known shape and dtype
+def masked_outside(x: ndarray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT], v1: ArrayLike, v2: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT]: ...
+@overload  # array-like of known scalar-type
+def masked_outside(x: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], v1: ArrayLike, v2: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload  # unknown array-like
+def masked_outside(x: ArrayLike, v1: ArrayLike, v2: ArrayLike, copy: bool = True) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+# only intended for object arrays, so we assume that's how it's always used in practice
+@overload
+def masked_object(
+    x: np.ndarray[_ShapeT, np.dtype[np.object_]],
+    value: object,
+    copy: bool = True,
+    shrink: bool = True,
+) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT, np.dtype[np.object_]]: ...
+@overload
+def masked_object(
+    x: _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    value: object,
+    copy: bool = True,
+    shrink: bool = True,
+) -> _MaskedArray[np.object_]: ...
+
+# keep roughly in sync with `filled`
+@overload
+def masked_values(
+    x: np.ndarray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT],
+    value: _ScalarLike_co,
+    rtol: float = 1e-5,
+    atol: float = 1e-8,
+    copy: bool = True,
+    shrink: bool = True
+) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT]: ...
+@overload
+def masked_values(
+    x: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT],
+    value: _ScalarLike_co,
+    rtol: float = 1e-5,
+    atol: float = 1e-8,
+    copy: bool = True,
+    shrink: bool = True
+) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def masked_values(
+    x: ArrayLike,
+    value: _ScalarLike_co,
+    rtol: float = 1e-5,
+    atol: float = 1e-8,
+    copy: bool = True,
+    shrink: bool = True
+) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+# TODO: Support non-boolean mask dtypes, such as `np.void`. This will require adding an
+# additional generic type parameter to (at least) `MaskedArray` and `MaskedIterator` to
+# hold the dtype of the mask.
+
+class MaskedIterator(Generic[_ShapeT_co, _DTypeT_co]):
+    ma: MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, _DTypeT_co]  # readonly
+    dataiter: np.flatiter[ndarray[_ShapeT_co, _DTypeT_co]]  # readonly
+    maskiter: Final[np.flatiter[NDArray[np.bool]]]
+
+    def __init__(self, ma: MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, _DTypeT_co]) -> None: ...
+    def __iter__(self) -> Self: ...
+
+    # Similar to `MaskedArray.__getitem__` but without the `void` case.
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, indx: _ArrayInt_co | tuple[_ArrayInt_co, ...], /) -> MaskedArray[_AnyShape, _DTypeT_co]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, indx: SupportsIndex | tuple[SupportsIndex, ...], /) -> Incomplete: ...
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, indx: _ToIndices, /) -> MaskedArray[_AnyShape, _DTypeT_co]: ...
+
+    # Similar to `ndarray.__setitem__` but without the `void` case.
+    @overload  # flexible | object_ | bool
+    def __setitem__(
+        self: MaskedIterator[Any, dtype[flexible | object_ | np.bool] | dtypes.StringDType],
+        index: _ToIndices,
+        value: object,
+        /,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @overload  # integer
+    def __setitem__(
+        self: MaskedIterator[Any, dtype[integer]],
+        index: _ToIndices,
+        value: _ConvertibleToInt | _NestedSequence[_ConvertibleToInt] | _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+        /,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @overload  # floating
+    def __setitem__(
+        self: MaskedIterator[Any, dtype[floating]],
+        index: _ToIndices,
+        value: _ConvertibleToFloat | _NestedSequence[_ConvertibleToFloat | None] | _ArrayLikeFloat_co | None,
+        /,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @overload  # complexfloating
+    def __setitem__(
+        self: MaskedIterator[Any, dtype[complexfloating]],
+        index: _ToIndices,
+        value: _ConvertibleToComplex | _NestedSequence[_ConvertibleToComplex | None] | _ArrayLikeNumber_co | None,
+        /,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @overload  # timedelta64
+    def __setitem__(
+        self: MaskedIterator[Any, dtype[timedelta64]],
+        index: _ToIndices,
+        value: _ConvertibleToTD64 | _NestedSequence[_ConvertibleToTD64],
+        /,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @overload  # datetime64
+    def __setitem__(
+        self: MaskedIterator[Any, dtype[datetime64]],
+        index: _ToIndices,
+        value: _ConvertibleToDT64 | _NestedSequence[_ConvertibleToDT64],
+        /,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @overload  # catch-all
+    def __setitem__(self, index: _ToIndices, value: ArrayLike, /) -> None: ...
+
+    # TODO: Returns `mvoid[(), _DTypeT_co]` for masks with `np.void` dtype.
+    def __next__(self: MaskedIterator[Any, np.dtype[_ScalarT]]) -> _ScalarT: ...
+
+class MaskedArray(ndarray[_ShapeT_co, _DTypeT_co]):
+    __array_priority__: Final[Literal[15]] = 15
+
+    @overload
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        data: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT],
+        mask: _ArrayLikeBool_co = nomask,
+        dtype: None = None,
+        copy: bool = False,
+        subok: bool = True,
+        ndmin: int = 0,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        keep_mask: bool = True,
+        hard_mask: bool | None = None,
+        shrink: bool = True,
+        order: _OrderKACF | None = None,
+    ) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        data: object,
+        mask: _ArrayLikeBool_co,
+        dtype: _DTypeLike[_ScalarT],
+        copy: bool = False,
+        subok: bool = True,
+        ndmin: int = 0,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        keep_mask: bool = True,
+        hard_mask: bool | None = None,
+        shrink: bool = True,
+        order: _OrderKACF | None = None,
+    ) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        data: object,
+        mask: _ArrayLikeBool_co = nomask,
+        *,
+        dtype: _DTypeLike[_ScalarT],
+        copy: bool = False,
+        subok: bool = True,
+        ndmin: int = 0,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        keep_mask: bool = True,
+        hard_mask: bool | None = None,
+        shrink: bool = True,
+        order: _OrderKACF | None = None,
+    ) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        data: object = None,
+        mask: _ArrayLikeBool_co = nomask,
+        dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+        copy: bool = False,
+        subok: bool = True,
+        ndmin: int = 0,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        keep_mask: bool = True,
+        hard_mask: bool | None = None,
+        shrink: bool = True,
+        order: _OrderKACF | None = None,
+    ) -> _MaskedArray[Any]: ...
+
+    def __array_wrap__(
+        self,
+        obj: ndarray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT],
+        context: tuple[ufunc, tuple[Any, ...], int] | None = None,
+        return_scalar: bool = False,
+    ) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT]: ...
+
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]  # ()
+    def view(self, /, dtype: None = None, type: None = None, fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None) -> Self: ...
+    @overload  # (dtype: DTypeT)
+    def view(
+        self,
+        /,
+        dtype: _DTypeT | _HasDType[_DTypeT],
+        type: None = None,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None
+    ) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, _DTypeT]: ...
+    @overload  # (dtype: dtype[ScalarT])
+    def view(
+        self,
+        /,
+        dtype: _DTypeLike[_ScalarT],
+        type: None = None,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None
+    ) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, dtype[_ScalarT]]: ...
+    @overload  # ([dtype: _, ]*, type: ArrayT)
+    def view(
+        self,
+        /,
+        dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+        *,
+        type: type[_ArrayT],
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload  # (dtype: _, type: ArrayT)
+    def view(self, /, dtype: DTypeLike | None, type: type[_ArrayT], fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload  # (dtype: ArrayT, /)
+    def view(self, /, dtype: type[_ArrayT], type: None = None, fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload  # (dtype: ?)
+    def view(
+        self,
+        /,
+        # `_VoidDTypeLike | str | None` is like `DTypeLike` but without `_DTypeLike[Any]` to avoid
+        # overlaps with previous overloads.
+        dtype: _VoidDTypeLike | str | None,
+        type: None = None,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None
+    ) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, dtype]: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ndarray.__getitem__`
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, key: _ArrayInt_co | tuple[_ArrayInt_co, ...], /) -> MaskedArray[_AnyShape, _DTypeT_co]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, key: SupportsIndex | tuple[SupportsIndex, ...], /) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, key: _ToIndices, /) -> MaskedArray[_AnyShape, _DTypeT_co]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self: _MaskedArray[void], indx: str, /) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, dtype]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self: _MaskedArray[void], indx: list[str], /) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, dtype[void]]: ...
+
+    @property
+    def shape(self) -> _ShapeT_co: ...
+    @shape.setter  # type: ignore[override]
+    def shape(self: MaskedArray[_ShapeT, Any], shape: _ShapeT, /) -> None: ...
+
+    def __setmask__(self, mask: _ArrayLikeBool_co, copy: bool = False) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def mask(self) -> np.ndarray[_ShapeT_co, dtype[MaskType]] | MaskType: ...
+    @mask.setter
+    def mask(self, value: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def recordmask(self) -> np.ndarray[_ShapeT_co, dtype[MaskType]] | MaskType: ...
+    @recordmask.setter
+    def recordmask(self, mask: Never, /) -> NoReturn: ...
+    def harden_mask(self) -> Self: ...
+    def soften_mask(self) -> Self: ...
+    @property
+    def hardmask(self) -> bool: ...
+    def unshare_mask(self) -> Self: ...
+    @property
+    def sharedmask(self) -> bool: ...
+    def shrink_mask(self) -> Self: ...
+
+    @property
+    def baseclass(self) -> type[ndarray]: ...
+
+    @property
+    def _data(self) -> ndarray[_ShapeT_co, _DTypeT_co]: ...
+    @property
+    def data(self) -> ndarray[_ShapeT_co, _DTypeT_co]: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+
+    @property  # type: ignore[override]
+    def flat(self) -> MaskedIterator[_ShapeT_co, _DTypeT_co]: ...
+    @flat.setter
+    def flat(self, value: ArrayLike, /) -> None: ...
+
+    @property
+    def fill_value(self: _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]) -> _ScalarT: ...
+    @fill_value.setter
+    def fill_value(self, value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None, /) -> None: ...
+
+    def get_fill_value(self: _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]) -> _ScalarT: ...
+    def set_fill_value(self, /, value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None) -> None: ...
+
+    def filled(self, /, fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None) -> ndarray[_ShapeT_co, _DTypeT_co]: ...
+    def compressed(self) -> ndarray[tuple[int], _DTypeT_co]: ...
+
+    # keep roughly in sync with `ma.core.compress`, but swap the first two arguments
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def compress(
+        self,
+        condition: _ArrayLikeBool_co,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+        out: _ArrayT
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload
+    def compress(
+        self,
+        condition: _ArrayLikeBool_co,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        *,
+        out: _ArrayT
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload
+    def compress(
+        self,
+        condition: _ArrayLikeBool_co,
+        axis: None = None,
+        out: None = None
+    ) -> MaskedArray[tuple[int], _DTypeT_co]: ...
+    @overload
+    def compress(
+        self,
+        condition: _ArrayLikeBool_co,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        out: None = None
+    ) -> MaskedArray[_AnyShape, _DTypeT_co]: ...
+
+    # TODO: How to deal with the non-commutative nature of `==` and `!=`?
+    # xref numpy/numpy#17368
+    def __eq__(self, other: Incomplete, /) -> Incomplete: ...
+    def __ne__(self, other: Incomplete, /) -> Incomplete: ...
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: ArrayLike, /) -> _MaskedArray[bool_]: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    def __gt__(self, other: ArrayLike, /) -> _MaskedArray[bool_]: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    def __le__(self, other: ArrayLike, /) -> _MaskedArray[bool_]: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    def __lt__(self, other: ArrayLike, /) -> _MaskedArray[bool_]: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ndarray.__add__`
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def __add__(self: _MaskedArray[_NumberT], other: int | np.bool, /) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, dtype[_NumberT]]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __add__(self: _MaskedArray[_NumberT], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[_NumberT]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __add__(self: _MaskedArray[np.bool], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[np.bool]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __add__(self: _MaskedArray[np.bool], other: _ArrayLike[_NumberT], /) -> _MaskedArray[_NumberT]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __add__(self: _MaskedArray[float64], other: _ArrayLikeFloat64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __add__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat64_co, other: _ArrayLike[floating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __add__(self: _MaskedArray[complex128], other: _ArrayLikeComplex128_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[complex128]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __add__(self: _MaskedArrayComplex128_co, other: _ArrayLike[complexfloating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[complex128]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __add__(self: _MaskedArrayUInt_co, other: _ArrayLikeUInt_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[unsignedinteger]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __add__(self: _MaskedArrayInt_co, other: _ArrayLikeInt_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[signedinteger]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __add__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat_co, other: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[floating]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __add__(self: _MaskedArrayComplex_co, other: _ArrayLikeComplex_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[complexfloating]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __add__(self: _MaskedArray[number], other: _ArrayLikeNumber_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[number]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __add__(self: _MaskedArrayTD64_co, other: _ArrayLikeTD64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[timedelta64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __add__(self: _MaskedArrayTD64_co, other: _ArrayLikeDT64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[datetime64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __add__(self: _MaskedArray[datetime64], other: _ArrayLikeTD64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[datetime64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __add__(self: _MaskedArray[bytes_], other: _ArrayLikeBytes_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[bytes_]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __add__(self: _MaskedArray[str_], other: _ArrayLikeStr_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[str_]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __add__(
+        self: MaskedArray[Any, dtypes.StringDType],
+        other: _ArrayLikeStr_co | _ArrayLikeString_co,
+        /,
+    ) -> MaskedArray[_AnyShape, dtypes.StringDType]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __add__(self: _MaskedArray[object_], other: Any, /) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def __add__(self: _MaskedArray[Any], other: _ArrayLikeObject_co, /) -> Any: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ndarray.__radd__`
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]  # signature equivalent to __add__
+    def __radd__(self: _MaskedArray[_NumberT], other: int | np.bool, /) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, dtype[_NumberT]]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __radd__(self: _MaskedArray[_NumberT], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[_NumberT]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __radd__(self: _MaskedArray[np.bool], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[np.bool]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __radd__(self: _MaskedArray[np.bool], other: _ArrayLike[_NumberT], /) -> _MaskedArray[_NumberT]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __radd__(self: _MaskedArray[float64], other: _ArrayLikeFloat64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __radd__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat64_co, other: _ArrayLike[floating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __radd__(self: _MaskedArray[complex128], other: _ArrayLikeComplex128_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[complex128]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __radd__(self: _MaskedArrayComplex128_co, other: _ArrayLike[complexfloating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[complex128]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __radd__(self: _MaskedArrayUInt_co, other: _ArrayLikeUInt_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[unsignedinteger]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __radd__(self: _MaskedArrayInt_co, other: _ArrayLikeInt_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[signedinteger]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __radd__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat_co, other: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[floating]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __radd__(self: _MaskedArrayComplex_co, other: _ArrayLikeComplex_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[complexfloating]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __radd__(self: _MaskedArray[number], other: _ArrayLikeNumber_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[number]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __radd__(self: _MaskedArrayTD64_co, other: _ArrayLikeTD64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[timedelta64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __radd__(self: _MaskedArrayTD64_co, other: _ArrayLikeDT64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[datetime64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __radd__(self: _MaskedArray[datetime64], other: _ArrayLikeTD64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[datetime64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __radd__(self: _MaskedArray[bytes_], other: _ArrayLikeBytes_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[bytes_]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __radd__(self: _MaskedArray[str_], other: _ArrayLikeStr_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[str_]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __radd__(
+        self: MaskedArray[Any, dtypes.StringDType],
+        other: _ArrayLikeStr_co | _ArrayLikeString_co,
+        /,
+    ) -> MaskedArray[_AnyShape, dtypes.StringDType]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __radd__(self: _MaskedArray[object_], other: Any, /) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def __radd__(self: _MaskedArray[Any], other: _ArrayLikeObject_co, /) -> Any: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ndarray.__sub__`
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def __sub__(self: _MaskedArray[_NumberT], other: int | np.bool, /) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, dtype[_NumberT]]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self: _MaskedArray[_NumberT], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[_NumberT]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self: _MaskedArray[np.bool], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> NoReturn: ...
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self: _MaskedArray[np.bool], other: _ArrayLike[_NumberT], /) -> _MaskedArray[_NumberT]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self: _MaskedArray[float64], other: _ArrayLikeFloat64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat64_co, other: _ArrayLike[floating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self: _MaskedArray[complex128], other: _ArrayLikeComplex128_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[complex128]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self: _MaskedArrayComplex128_co, other: _ArrayLike[complexfloating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[complex128]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self: _MaskedArrayUInt_co, other: _ArrayLikeUInt_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[unsignedinteger]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self: _MaskedArrayInt_co, other: _ArrayLikeInt_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[signedinteger]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat_co, other: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[floating]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self: _MaskedArrayComplex_co, other: _ArrayLikeComplex_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[complexfloating]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self: _MaskedArray[number], other: _ArrayLikeNumber_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[number]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self: _MaskedArrayTD64_co, other: _ArrayLikeTD64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[timedelta64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self: _MaskedArray[datetime64], other: _ArrayLikeTD64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[datetime64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self: _MaskedArray[datetime64], other: _ArrayLikeDT64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[timedelta64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self: _MaskedArray[object_], other: Any, /) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self: _MaskedArray[Any], other: _ArrayLikeObject_co, /) -> Any: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ndarray.__rsub__`
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def __rsub__(self: _MaskedArray[_NumberT], other: int | np.bool, /) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, dtype[_NumberT]]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rsub__(self: _MaskedArray[_NumberT], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[_NumberT]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rsub__(self: _MaskedArray[np.bool], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> NoReturn: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rsub__(self: _MaskedArray[np.bool], other: _ArrayLike[_NumberT], /) -> _MaskedArray[_NumberT]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rsub__(self: _MaskedArray[float64], other: _ArrayLikeFloat64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rsub__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat64_co, other: _ArrayLike[floating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rsub__(self: _MaskedArray[complex128], other: _ArrayLikeComplex128_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[complex128]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rsub__(self: _MaskedArrayComplex128_co, other: _ArrayLike[complexfloating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[complex128]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rsub__(self: _MaskedArrayUInt_co, other: _ArrayLikeUInt_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[unsignedinteger]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rsub__(self: _MaskedArrayInt_co, other: _ArrayLikeInt_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[signedinteger]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rsub__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat_co, other: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[floating]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rsub__(self: _MaskedArrayComplex_co, other: _ArrayLikeComplex_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[complexfloating]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rsub__(self: _MaskedArray[number], other: _ArrayLikeNumber_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[number]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rsub__(self: _MaskedArrayTD64_co, other: _ArrayLikeTD64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[timedelta64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rsub__(self: _MaskedArrayTD64_co, other: _ArrayLikeDT64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[datetime64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rsub__(self: _MaskedArray[datetime64], other: _ArrayLikeDT64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[timedelta64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rsub__(self: _MaskedArray[object_], other: Any, /) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rsub__(self: _MaskedArray[Any], other: _ArrayLikeObject_co, /) -> Any: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ndarray.__mul__`
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def __mul__(self: _MaskedArray[_NumberT], other: int | np.bool, /) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, dtype[_NumberT]]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __mul__(self: _MaskedArray[_NumberT], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[_NumberT]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __mul__(self: _MaskedArray[np.bool], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[np.bool]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __mul__(self: _MaskedArray[np.bool], other: _ArrayLike[_NumberT], /) -> _MaskedArray[_NumberT]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __mul__(self: _MaskedArray[float64], other: _ArrayLikeFloat64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __mul__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat64_co, other: _ArrayLike[floating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __mul__(self: _MaskedArray[complex128], other: _ArrayLikeComplex128_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[complex128]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __mul__(self: _MaskedArrayComplex128_co, other: _ArrayLike[complexfloating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[complex128]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __mul__(self: _MaskedArrayUInt_co, other: _ArrayLikeUInt_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[unsignedinteger]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __mul__(self: _MaskedArrayInt_co, other: _ArrayLikeInt_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[signedinteger]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __mul__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat_co, other: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[floating]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __mul__(self: _MaskedArrayComplex_co, other: _ArrayLikeComplex_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[complexfloating]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __mul__(self: _MaskedArray[number], other: _ArrayLikeNumber_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[number]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __mul__(self: _MaskedArray[timedelta64], other: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[timedelta64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __mul__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat_co, other: _ArrayLike[timedelta64], /) -> _MaskedArray[timedelta64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __mul__(
+        self: MaskedArray[Any, dtype[character] | dtypes.StringDType],
+        other: _ArrayLikeInt,
+        /,
+    ) -> MaskedArray[tuple[Any, ...], _DTypeT_co]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __mul__(self: _MaskedArray[object_], other: Any, /) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def __mul__(self: _MaskedArray[Any], other: _ArrayLikeObject_co, /) -> Any: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ndarray.__rmul__`
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]  # signature equivalent to __mul__
+    def __rmul__(self: _MaskedArray[_NumberT], other: int | np.bool, /) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, dtype[_NumberT]]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rmul__(self: _MaskedArray[_NumberT], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[_NumberT]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rmul__(self: _MaskedArray[np.bool], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[np.bool]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rmul__(self: _MaskedArray[np.bool], other: _ArrayLike[_NumberT], /) -> _MaskedArray[_NumberT]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rmul__(self: _MaskedArray[float64], other: _ArrayLikeFloat64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rmul__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat64_co, other: _ArrayLike[floating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rmul__(self: _MaskedArray[complex128], other: _ArrayLikeComplex128_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[complex128]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rmul__(self: _MaskedArrayComplex128_co, other: _ArrayLike[complexfloating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[complex128]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rmul__(self: _MaskedArrayUInt_co, other: _ArrayLikeUInt_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[unsignedinteger]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rmul__(self: _MaskedArrayInt_co, other: _ArrayLikeInt_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[signedinteger]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rmul__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat_co, other: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[floating]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rmul__(self: _MaskedArrayComplex_co, other: _ArrayLikeComplex_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[complexfloating]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rmul__(self: _MaskedArray[number], other: _ArrayLikeNumber_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[number]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rmul__(self: _MaskedArray[timedelta64], other: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[timedelta64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rmul__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat_co, other: _ArrayLike[timedelta64], /) -> _MaskedArray[timedelta64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rmul__(
+        self: MaskedArray[Any, dtype[character] | dtypes.StringDType],
+        other: _ArrayLikeInt,
+        /,
+    ) -> MaskedArray[tuple[Any, ...], _DTypeT_co]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rmul__(self: _MaskedArray[object_], other: Any, /) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rmul__(self: _MaskedArray[Any], other: _ArrayLikeObject_co, /) -> Any: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ndarray.__truediv__`
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def __truediv__(self: _MaskedArrayInt_co | _MaskedArray[float64], other: _ArrayLikeFloat64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __truediv__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat64_co, other: _ArrayLikeInt_co | _ArrayLike[floating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __truediv__(self: _MaskedArray[complex128], other: _ArrayLikeComplex128_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[complex128]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __truediv__(self: _MaskedArrayComplex128_co, other: _ArrayLike[complexfloating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[complex128]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __truediv__(self: _MaskedArray[floating], other: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[floating]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __truediv__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat_co, other: _ArrayLike[floating], /) -> _MaskedArray[floating]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __truediv__(self: _MaskedArray[complexfloating], other: _ArrayLikeNumber_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[complexfloating]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __truediv__(self: _MaskedArrayNumber_co, other: _ArrayLike[complexfloating], /) -> _MaskedArray[complexfloating]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __truediv__(self: _MaskedArray[inexact], other: _ArrayLikeNumber_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[inexact]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __truediv__(self: _MaskedArray[number], other: _ArrayLikeNumber_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[number]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __truediv__(self: _MaskedArray[timedelta64], other: _ArrayLike[timedelta64], /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __truediv__(self: _MaskedArray[timedelta64], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> NoReturn: ...
+    @overload
+    def __truediv__(self: _MaskedArray[timedelta64], other: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[timedelta64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __truediv__(self: _MaskedArray[object_], other: Any, /) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def __truediv__(self: _MaskedArray[Any], other: _ArrayLikeObject_co, /) -> Any: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ndarray.__rtruediv__`
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def __rtruediv__(self: _MaskedArrayInt_co | _MaskedArray[float64], other: _ArrayLikeFloat64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rtruediv__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat64_co, other: _ArrayLikeInt_co | _ArrayLike[floating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rtruediv__(self: _MaskedArray[complex128], other: _ArrayLikeComplex128_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[complex128]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rtruediv__(self: _MaskedArrayComplex128_co, other: _ArrayLike[complexfloating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[complex128]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rtruediv__(self: _MaskedArray[floating], other: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[floating]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rtruediv__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat_co, other: _ArrayLike[floating], /) -> _MaskedArray[floating]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rtruediv__(self: _MaskedArray[complexfloating], other: _ArrayLikeNumber_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[complexfloating]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rtruediv__(self: _MaskedArrayNumber_co, other: _ArrayLike[complexfloating], /) -> _MaskedArray[complexfloating]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rtruediv__(self: _MaskedArray[inexact], other: _ArrayLikeNumber_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[inexact]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rtruediv__(self: _MaskedArray[number], other: _ArrayLikeNumber_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[number]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rtruediv__(self: _MaskedArray[timedelta64], other: _ArrayLike[timedelta64], /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rtruediv__(self: _MaskedArray[integer | floating], other: _ArrayLike[timedelta64], /) -> _MaskedArray[timedelta64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rtruediv__(self: _MaskedArray[object_], other: Any, /) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rtruediv__(self: _MaskedArray[Any], other: _ArrayLikeObject_co, /) -> Any: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ndarray.__floordiv__`
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def __floordiv__(self: _MaskedArray[_RealNumberT], other: int | np.bool, /) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, dtype[_RealNumberT]]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __floordiv__(self: _MaskedArray[_RealNumberT], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[_RealNumberT]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __floordiv__(self: _MaskedArray[np.bool], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[int8]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __floordiv__(self: _MaskedArray[np.bool], other: _ArrayLike[_RealNumberT], /) -> _MaskedArray[_RealNumberT]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __floordiv__(self: _MaskedArray[float64], other: _ArrayLikeFloat64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __floordiv__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat64_co, other: _ArrayLike[floating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __floordiv__(self: _MaskedArrayUInt_co, other: _ArrayLikeUInt_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[unsignedinteger]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __floordiv__(self: _MaskedArrayInt_co, other: _ArrayLikeInt_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[signedinteger]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __floordiv__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat_co, other: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[floating]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __floordiv__(self: _MaskedArray[timedelta64], other: _ArrayLike[timedelta64], /) -> _MaskedArray[int64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __floordiv__(self: _MaskedArray[timedelta64], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> NoReturn: ...
+    @overload
+    def __floordiv__(self: _MaskedArray[timedelta64], other: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[timedelta64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __floordiv__(self: _MaskedArray[object_], other: Any, /) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def __floordiv__(self: _MaskedArray[Any], other: _ArrayLikeObject_co, /) -> Any: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ndarray.__rfloordiv__`
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def __rfloordiv__(self: _MaskedArray[_RealNumberT], other: int | np.bool, /) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, dtype[_RealNumberT]]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rfloordiv__(self: _MaskedArray[_RealNumberT], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[_RealNumberT]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rfloordiv__(self: _MaskedArray[np.bool], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[int8]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rfloordiv__(self: _MaskedArray[np.bool], other: _ArrayLike[_RealNumberT], /) -> _MaskedArray[_RealNumberT]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rfloordiv__(self: _MaskedArray[float64], other: _ArrayLikeFloat64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rfloordiv__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat64_co, other: _ArrayLike[floating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rfloordiv__(self: _MaskedArrayUInt_co, other: _ArrayLikeUInt_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[unsignedinteger]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rfloordiv__(self: _MaskedArrayInt_co, other: _ArrayLikeInt_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[signedinteger]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rfloordiv__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat_co, other: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[floating]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rfloordiv__(self: _MaskedArray[timedelta64], other: _ArrayLike[timedelta64], /) -> _MaskedArray[int64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rfloordiv__(self: _MaskedArray[floating | integer], other: _ArrayLike[timedelta64], /) -> _MaskedArray[timedelta64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rfloordiv__(self: _MaskedArray[object_], other: Any, /) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rfloordiv__(self: _MaskedArray[Any], other: _ArrayLikeObject_co, /) -> Any: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ndarray.__pow__` (minus the `mod` parameter)
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def __pow__(self: _MaskedArray[_NumberT], other: int | np.bool, /) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, dtype[_NumberT]]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __pow__(self: _MaskedArray[_NumberT], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[_NumberT]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __pow__(self: _MaskedArray[np.bool], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[int8]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __pow__(self: _MaskedArray[np.bool], other: _ArrayLike[_NumberT], /) -> _MaskedArray[_NumberT]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __pow__(self: _MaskedArray[float64], other: _ArrayLikeFloat64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __pow__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat64_co, other: _ArrayLike[floating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __pow__(self: _MaskedArray[complex128], other: _ArrayLikeComplex128_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[complex128]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __pow__(self: _MaskedArrayComplex128_co, other: _ArrayLike[complexfloating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[complex128]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __pow__(self: _MaskedArrayUInt_co, other: _ArrayLikeUInt_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[unsignedinteger]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __pow__(self: _MaskedArrayInt_co, other: _ArrayLikeInt_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[signedinteger]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __pow__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat_co, other: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[floating]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __pow__(self: _MaskedArrayComplex_co, other: _ArrayLikeComplex_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[complexfloating]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __pow__(self: _MaskedArray[number], other: _ArrayLikeNumber_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[number]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __pow__(self: _MaskedArray[object_], other: Any, /) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def __pow__(self: _MaskedArray[Any], other: _ArrayLikeObject_co, /) -> Any: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ndarray.__rpow__` (minus the `mod` parameter)
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def __rpow__(self: _MaskedArray[_NumberT], other: int | np.bool, /) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, dtype[_NumberT]]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rpow__(self: _MaskedArray[_NumberT], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[_NumberT]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rpow__(self: _MaskedArray[np.bool], other: _ArrayLikeBool_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[int8]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rpow__(self: _MaskedArray[np.bool], other: _ArrayLike[_NumberT], /) -> _MaskedArray[_NumberT]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rpow__(self: _MaskedArray[float64], other: _ArrayLikeFloat64_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rpow__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat64_co, other: _ArrayLike[floating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[float64]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rpow__(self: _MaskedArray[complex128], other: _ArrayLikeComplex128_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[complex128]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rpow__(self: _MaskedArrayComplex128_co, other: _ArrayLike[complexfloating[_64Bit]], /) -> _MaskedArray[complex128]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rpow__(self: _MaskedArrayUInt_co, other: _ArrayLikeUInt_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[unsignedinteger]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rpow__(self: _MaskedArrayInt_co, other: _ArrayLikeInt_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[signedinteger]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rpow__(self: _MaskedArrayFloat_co, other: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[floating]: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    @overload
+    def __rpow__(self: _MaskedArrayComplex_co, other: _ArrayLikeComplex_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[complexfloating]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rpow__(self: _MaskedArray[number], other: _ArrayLikeNumber_co, /) -> _MaskedArray[number]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rpow__(self: _MaskedArray[object_], other: Any, /) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def __rpow__(self: _MaskedArray[Any], other: _ArrayLikeObject_co, /) -> Any: ...
+
+    #
+    @property  # type: ignore[misc]
+    def imag(self: _HasDTypeWithRealAndImag[object, _ScalarT], /) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, dtype[_ScalarT]]: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    def get_imag(self: _HasDTypeWithRealAndImag[object, _ScalarT], /) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, dtype[_ScalarT]]: ...
+
+    #
+    @property  # type: ignore[misc]
+    def real(self: _HasDTypeWithRealAndImag[_ScalarT, object], /) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, dtype[_ScalarT]]: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    def get_real(self: _HasDTypeWithRealAndImag[_ScalarT, object], /) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, dtype[_ScalarT]]: ...
+
+    # keep in sync with `np.ma.count`
+    @overload
+    def count(self, axis: None = None, keepdims: Literal[False] | _NoValueType = ...) -> int: ...
+    @overload
+    def count(self, axis: _ShapeLike, keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...) -> NDArray[int_]: ...
+    @overload
+    def count(self, axis: _ShapeLike | None = None, *, keepdims: Literal[True]) -> NDArray[int_]: ...
+    @overload
+    def count(self, axis: _ShapeLike | None, keepdims: Literal[True]) -> NDArray[int_]: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ndarray.reshape`
+    # NOTE: reshape also accepts negative integers, so we can't use integer literals
+    @overload  # (None)
+    def reshape(self, shape: None, /, *, order: _OrderACF = "C", copy: bool | None = None) -> Self: ...
+    @overload  # (empty_sequence)
+    def reshape(  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]  # mypy false positive
+        self,
+        shape: Sequence[Never],
+        /,
+        *,
+        order: _OrderACF = "C",
+        copy: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> MaskedArray[tuple[()], _DTypeT_co]: ...
+    @overload  # (() | (int) | (int, int) | ....)  # up to 8-d
+    def reshape(
+        self,
+        shape: _AnyShapeT,
+        /,
+        *,
+        order: _OrderACF = "C",
+        copy: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> MaskedArray[_AnyShapeT, _DTypeT_co]: ...
+    @overload  # (index)
+    def reshape(
+        self,
+        size1: SupportsIndex,
+        /,
+        *,
+        order: _OrderACF = "C",
+        copy: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> MaskedArray[tuple[int], _DTypeT_co]: ...
+    @overload  # (index, index)
+    def reshape(
+        self,
+        size1: SupportsIndex,
+        size2: SupportsIndex,
+        /,
+        *,
+        order: _OrderACF = "C",
+        copy: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> MaskedArray[tuple[int, int], _DTypeT_co]: ...
+    @overload  # (index, index, index)
+    def reshape(
+        self,
+        size1: SupportsIndex,
+        size2: SupportsIndex,
+        size3: SupportsIndex,
+        /,
+        *,
+        order: _OrderACF = "C",
+        copy: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> MaskedArray[tuple[int, int, int], _DTypeT_co]: ...
+    @overload  # (index, index, index, index)
+    def reshape(
+        self,
+        size1: SupportsIndex,
+        size2: SupportsIndex,
+        size3: SupportsIndex,
+        size4: SupportsIndex,
+        /,
+        *,
+        order: _OrderACF = "C",
+        copy: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> MaskedArray[tuple[int, int, int, int], _DTypeT_co]: ...
+    @overload  # (int, *(index, ...))
+    def reshape(
+        self,
+        size0: SupportsIndex,
+        /,
+        *shape: SupportsIndex,
+        order: _OrderACF = "C",
+        copy: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> MaskedArray[_AnyShape, _DTypeT_co]: ...
+    @overload  # (sequence[index])
+    def reshape(
+        self,
+        shape: Sequence[SupportsIndex],
+        /,
+        *,
+        order: _OrderACF = "C",
+        copy: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> MaskedArray[_AnyShape, _DTypeT_co]: ...
+
+    def resize(self, newshape: Never, refcheck: bool = True, order: bool = False) -> NoReturn: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    def put(self, indices: _ArrayLikeInt_co, values: ArrayLike, mode: _ModeKind = "raise") -> None: ...
+    def ids(self) -> tuple[int, int]: ...
+    def iscontiguous(self) -> bool: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ma.core.all`
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def all(
+        self,
+        axis: None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        keepdims: Literal[False] | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> bool_: ...
+    @overload
+    def all(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        *,
+        keepdims: Literal[True],
+    ) -> _MaskedArray[bool_]: ...
+    @overload
+    def all(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+        out: None,
+        keepdims: Literal[True],
+    ) -> _MaskedArray[bool_]: ...
+    @overload
+    def all(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> bool_ | _MaskedArray[bool_]: ...
+    @overload
+    def all(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        *,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload
+    def all(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ma.core.any`
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def any(
+        self,
+        axis: None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        keepdims: Literal[False] | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> bool_: ...
+    @overload
+    def any(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        *,
+        keepdims: Literal[True],
+    ) -> _MaskedArray[bool_]: ...
+    @overload
+    def any(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+        out: None,
+        keepdims: Literal[True],
+    ) -> _MaskedArray[bool_]: ...
+    @overload
+    def any(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> bool_ | _MaskedArray[bool_]: ...
+    @overload
+    def any(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        *,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload
+    def any(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ndarray.trace` and `ma.core.trace`
+    @overload
+    def trace(
+        self,  # >= 2D MaskedArray
+        offset: SupportsIndex = 0,
+        axis1: SupportsIndex = 0,
+        axis2: SupportsIndex = 1,
+        dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def trace(
+        self,  # >= 2D MaskedArray
+        offset: SupportsIndex = 0,
+        axis1: SupportsIndex = 0,
+        axis2: SupportsIndex = 1,
+        dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+        *,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload
+    def trace(
+        self,  # >= 2D MaskedArray
+        offset: SupportsIndex,
+        axis1: SupportsIndex,
+        axis2: SupportsIndex,
+        dtype: DTypeLike | None,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+    # This differs from `ndarray.dot`, in that 1D dot 1D returns a 0D array.
+    @overload
+    def dot(self, b: ArrayLike, out: None = None, strict: bool = False) -> _MaskedArray[Any]: ...
+    @overload
+    def dot(self, b: ArrayLike, out: _ArrayT, strict: bool = False) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ma.core.sum`
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def sum(
+        self,
+        /,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def sum(
+        self,
+        /,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+        dtype: DTypeLike | None,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload
+    def sum(
+        self,
+        /,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+        *,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ndarray.cumsum` and `ma.core.cumsum`
+    @overload  # out: None (default)
+    def cumsum(self, /, axis: SupportsIndex | None = None, dtype: DTypeLike | None = None, out: None = None) -> _MaskedArray[Any]: ...
+    @overload  # out: ndarray
+    def cumsum(self, /, axis: SupportsIndex | None, dtype: DTypeLike | None, out: _ArrayT) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload
+    def cumsum(self, /, axis: SupportsIndex | None = None, dtype: DTypeLike | None = None, *, out: _ArrayT) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ma.core.prod`
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def prod(
+        self,
+        /,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def prod(
+        self,
+        /,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+        dtype: DTypeLike | None,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload
+    def prod(
+        self,
+        /,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+        *,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+    product = prod
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ndarray.cumprod` and `ma.core.cumprod`
+    @overload  # out: None (default)
+    def cumprod(self, /, axis: SupportsIndex | None = None, dtype: DTypeLike | None = None, out: None = None) -> _MaskedArray[Any]: ...
+    @overload  # out: ndarray
+    def cumprod(self, /, axis: SupportsIndex | None, dtype: DTypeLike | None, out: _ArrayT) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload
+    def cumprod(self, /, axis: SupportsIndex | None = None, dtype: DTypeLike | None = None, *, out: _ArrayT) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ma.core.mean`
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def mean(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def mean(
+        self,
+        /,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+        dtype: DTypeLike | None,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload
+    def mean(
+        self,
+        /,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+        *,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+    # keep roughly in sync with `ma.core.anom`
+    @overload
+    def anom(self, axis: SupportsIndex | None = None, dtype: None = None) -> Self: ...
+    @overload
+    def anom(self, axis: SupportsIndex | None = None, *, dtype: DTypeLike) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, dtype]: ...
+    @overload
+    def anom(self, axis: SupportsIndex | None, dtype: DTypeLike) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, dtype]: ...
+
+    # keep in sync with `std` and `ma.core.var`
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def var(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        ddof: float = 0,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+        mean: _ArrayLikeNumber_co | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def var(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+        dtype: DTypeLike | None,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        ddof: float = 0,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+        mean: _ArrayLikeNumber_co | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload
+    def var(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+        *,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        ddof: float = 0,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+        mean: _ArrayLikeNumber_co | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+    # keep in sync with `var` and `ma.core.std`
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def std(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        ddof: float = 0,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+        mean: _ArrayLikeNumber_co | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def std(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+        dtype: DTypeLike | None,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        ddof: float = 0,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+        mean: _ArrayLikeNumber_co | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload
+    def std(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+        *,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        ddof: float = 0,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+        mean: _ArrayLikeNumber_co | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+    # Keep in sync with `ndarray.round`
+    @overload  # out=None (default)
+    def round(self, /, decimals: SupportsIndex = 0, out: None = None) -> Self: ...
+    @overload  # out=ndarray
+    def round(self, /, decimals: SupportsIndex, out: _ArrayT) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload
+    def round(self, /, decimals: SupportsIndex = 0, *, out: _ArrayT) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+    def argsort(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        axis: SupportsIndex | _NoValueType = ...,
+        kind: _SortKind | None = None,
+        order: str | Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        endwith: bool = True,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        *,
+        stable: bool = False,
+    ) -> _MaskedArray[intp]: ...
+
+    # Keep in-sync with np.ma.argmin
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def argmin(
+        self,
+        axis: None = None,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        *,
+        keepdims: Literal[False] | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> intp: ...
+    @overload
+    def argmin(
+        self,
+        axis: SupportsIndex | None = None,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        *,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def argmin(
+        self,
+        axis: SupportsIndex | None = None,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        *,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload
+    def argmin(
+        self,
+        axis: SupportsIndex | None,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        *,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+    # Keep in-sync with np.ma.argmax
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def argmax(
+        self,
+        axis: None = None,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        *,
+        keepdims: Literal[False] | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> intp: ...
+    @overload
+    def argmax(
+        self,
+        axis: SupportsIndex | None = None,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        *,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def argmax(
+        self,
+        axis: SupportsIndex | None = None,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        *,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload
+    def argmax(
+        self,
+        axis: SupportsIndex | None,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        *,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+    #
+    def sort(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        axis: SupportsIndex = -1,
+        kind: _SortKind | None = None,
+        order: str | Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        endwith: bool | None = True,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        *,
+        stable: Literal[False] | None = False,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    #
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def min(
+        self: _MaskedArray[_ScalarT],
+        axis: None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        keepdims: Literal[False] | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ScalarT: ...
+    @overload
+    def min(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...
+    ) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def min(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload
+    def min(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        *,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+    #
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def max(
+        self: _MaskedArray[_ScalarT],
+        axis: None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        keepdims: Literal[False] | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ScalarT: ...
+    @overload
+    def max(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...
+    ) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def max(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload
+    def max(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        *,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+    #
+    @overload
+    def ptp(
+        self: _MaskedArray[_ScalarT],
+        axis: None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        keepdims: Literal[False] = False,
+    ) -> _ScalarT: ...
+    @overload
+    def ptp(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        keepdims: bool = False,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def ptp(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        keepdims: bool = False,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload
+    def ptp(
+        self,
+        axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+        *,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+        keepdims: bool = False,
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+    #
+    @overload
+    def partition(
+        self,
+        /,
+        kth: _ArrayLikeInt,
+        axis: SupportsIndex = -1,
+        kind: _PartitionKind = "introselect",
+        order: None = None
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @overload
+    def partition(
+        self: _MaskedArray[np.void],
+        /,
+        kth: _ArrayLikeInt,
+        axis: SupportsIndex = -1,
+        kind: _PartitionKind = "introselect",
+        order: str | Sequence[str] | None = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    #
+    @overload
+    def argpartition(
+        self,
+        /,
+        kth: _ArrayLikeInt,
+        axis: SupportsIndex | None = -1,
+        kind: _PartitionKind = "introselect",
+        order: None = None,
+    ) -> _MaskedArray[intp]: ...
+    @overload
+    def argpartition(
+        self: _MaskedArray[np.void],
+        /,
+        kth: _ArrayLikeInt,
+        axis: SupportsIndex | None = -1,
+        kind: _PartitionKind = "introselect",
+        order: str | Sequence[str] | None = None,
+    ) -> _MaskedArray[intp]: ...
+
+    # Keep in-sync with np.ma.take
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def take(  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+        self: _MaskedArray[_ScalarT],
+        indices: _IntLike_co,
+        axis: None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        mode: _ModeKind = "raise"
+    ) -> _ScalarT: ...
+    @overload
+    def take(
+        self: _MaskedArray[_ScalarT],
+        indices: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+        axis: SupportsIndex | None = None,
+        out: None = None,
+        mode: _ModeKind = "raise",
+    ) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+    @overload
+    def take(
+        self,
+        indices: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+        axis: SupportsIndex | None,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        mode: _ModeKind = "raise",
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+    @overload
+    def take(
+        self,
+        indices: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+        axis: SupportsIndex | None = None,
+        *,
+        out: _ArrayT,
+        mode: _ModeKind = "raise",
+    ) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+    # keep in sync with `ndarray.diagonal`
+    @override
+    def diagonal(
+        self,
+        /,
+        offset: SupportsIndex = 0,
+        axis1: SupportsIndex = 0,
+        axis2: SupportsIndex = 1,
+    ) -> MaskedArray[_AnyShape, _DTypeT_co]: ...
+
+    # keep in sync with `ndarray.repeat`
+    @override
+    @overload
+    def repeat(
+        self,
+        /,
+        repeats: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+        axis: None = None,
+    ) -> MaskedArray[tuple[int], _DTypeT_co]: ...
+    @overload
+    def repeat(
+        self,
+        /,
+        repeats: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+        axis: SupportsIndex,
+    ) -> MaskedArray[_AnyShape, _DTypeT_co]: ...
+
+    # keep in sync with `ndarray.flatten` and `ndarray.ravel`
+    @override
+    def flatten(self, /, order: _OrderKACF = "C") -> MaskedArray[tuple[int], _DTypeT_co]: ...
+    @override
+    def ravel(self, order: _OrderKACF = "C") -> MaskedArray[tuple[int], _DTypeT_co]: ...
+
+    # keep in sync with `ndarray.squeeze`
+    @override
+    def squeeze(
+        self,
+        /,
+        axis: SupportsIndex | tuple[SupportsIndex, ...] | None = None,
+    ) -> MaskedArray[_AnyShape, _DTypeT_co]: ...
+
+    #
+    def toflex(self) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, np.dtype[np.void]]: ...
+    def torecords(self) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, np.dtype[np.void]]: ...
+
+    #
+    @override
+    def tobytes(self, /, fill_value: Incomplete | None = None, order: _OrderKACF = "C") -> bytes: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+
+    # keep in sync with `ndarray.tolist`
+    @override
+    @overload
+    def tolist(self: MaskedArray[tuple[Never], dtype[generic[_T]]], /, fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None) -> Any: ...
+    @overload
+    def tolist(self: MaskedArray[tuple[()], dtype[generic[_T]]], /, fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None) -> _T: ...
+    @overload
+    def tolist(self: MaskedArray[tuple[int], dtype[generic[_T]]], /, fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None) -> list[_T]: ...
+    @overload
+    def tolist(
+        self: MaskedArray[tuple[int, int], dtype[generic[_T]]], /, fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None
+    ) -> list[list[_T]]: ...
+    @overload
+    def tolist(
+        self: MaskedArray[tuple[int, int, int], dtype[generic[_T]]], /, fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None
+    ) -> list[list[list[_T]]]: ...
+    @overload
+    def tolist(self, /, fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None) -> Any: ...
+
+    # NOTE: will raise `NotImplementedError`
+    @override
+    def tofile(self, /, fid: Never, sep: str = "", format: str = "%s") -> NoReturn: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+
+    #
+    @override
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: dict[int, Any] | None = None) -> Self: ...
+
+    # Keep `dtype` at the bottom to avoid name conflicts with `np.dtype`
+    @property
+    def dtype(self) -> _DTypeT_co: ...
+    @dtype.setter
+    def dtype(self: MaskedArray[_AnyShape, _DTypeT], dtype: _DTypeT, /) -> None: ...
+
+class mvoid(MaskedArray[_ShapeT_co, _DTypeT_co]):
+    def __new__(
+        self,  # pyright: ignore[reportSelfClsParameterName]
+        data,
+        mask=...,
+        dtype=...,
+        fill_value=...,
+        hardmask=...,
+        copy=...,
+        subok=...,
+    ): ...
+    def __getitem__(self, indx): ...
+    def __setitem__(self, indx, value): ...
+    def __iter__(self): ...
+    def __len__(self): ...
+    def filled(self, fill_value=None): ...
+    def tolist(self): ...  # type: ignore[override]
+
+def isMaskedArray(x: object) -> TypeIs[MaskedArray]: ...
+def isarray(x: object) -> TypeIs[MaskedArray]: ...  # alias to isMaskedArray
+def isMA(x: object) -> TypeIs[MaskedArray]: ...  # alias to isMaskedArray
+
+# 0D float64 array
+class MaskedConstant(MaskedArray[tuple[()], dtype[float64]]):
+    def __new__(cls) -> Self: ...
+
+    # these overrides are no-ops
+    @override
+    def __iadd__(self, other: _Ignored, /) -> Self: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    @override
+    def __isub__(self, other: _Ignored, /) -> Self: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    @override
+    def __imul__(self, other: _Ignored, /) -> Self: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    @override
+    def __ifloordiv__(self, other: _Ignored, /) -> Self: ...
+    @override
+    def __itruediv__(self, other: _Ignored, /) -> Self: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    @override
+    def __ipow__(self, other: _Ignored, /) -> Self: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    @override
+    def __deepcopy__(self, /, memo: _Ignored) -> Self: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    @override
+    def copy(self, /, *args: _Ignored, **kwargs: _Ignored) -> Self: ...
+
+masked: Final[MaskedConstant] = ...
+masked_singleton: Final[MaskedConstant] = ...
+
+masked_array: TypeAlias = MaskedArray
+
+# keep in sync with `MaskedArray.__new__`
+@overload
+def array(
+    data: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT],
+    dtype: None = None,
+    copy: bool = False,
+    order: _OrderKACF | None = None,
+    mask: _ArrayLikeBool_co = nomask,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    keep_mask: bool = True,
+    hard_mask: bool = False,
+    shrink: bool = True,
+    subok: bool = True,
+    ndmin: int = 0,
+) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def array(
+    data: object,
+    dtype: _DTypeLike[_ScalarT],
+    copy: bool = False,
+    order: _OrderKACF | None = None,
+    mask: _ArrayLikeBool_co = nomask,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    keep_mask: bool = True,
+    hard_mask: bool = False,
+    shrink: bool = True,
+    subok: bool = True,
+    ndmin: int = 0,
+) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def array(
+    data: object,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    copy: bool = False,
+    order: _OrderKACF | None = None,
+    mask: _ArrayLikeBool_co = nomask,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    keep_mask: bool = True,
+    hard_mask: bool = False,
+    shrink: bool = True,
+    subok: bool = True,
+    ndmin: int = 0,
+) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+
+# keep in sync with `array`
+@overload
+def asarray(a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], dtype: None = None, order: _OrderKACF | None = None) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def asarray(a: object, dtype: _DTypeLike[_ScalarT], order: _OrderKACF | None = None) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def asarray(a: object, dtype: DTypeLike | None = None, order: _OrderKACF | None = None) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+
+# keep in sync with `asarray` (but note the additional first overload)
+@overload
+def asanyarray(a: _MArrayT, dtype: None = None, order: _OrderKACF | None = None) -> _MArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def asanyarray(a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], dtype: None = None, order: _OrderKACF | None = None) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def asanyarray(a: object, dtype: _DTypeLike[_ScalarT], order: _OrderKACF | None = None) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def asanyarray(a: object, dtype: DTypeLike | None = None, order: _OrderKACF | None = None) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+
+#
+def is_masked(x: object) -> bool: ...
+
+@overload
+def min(
+    obj: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT],
+    axis: None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    keepdims: Literal[False] | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ScalarT: ...
+@overload
+def min(
+    obj: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...
+) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def min(
+    obj: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def min(
+    obj: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    *,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+@overload
+def max(
+    obj: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT],
+    axis: None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    keepdims: Literal[False] | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ScalarT: ...
+@overload
+def max(
+    obj: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...
+) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def max(
+    obj: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def max(
+    obj: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    *,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+@overload
+def ptp(
+    obj: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT],
+    axis: None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    keepdims: Literal[False] | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ScalarT: ...
+@overload
+def ptp(
+    obj: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...
+) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def ptp(
+    obj: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def ptp(
+    obj: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    *,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+# we cannot meaningfully annotate `frommethod` further, because the callable signature
+# of the return type fully depends on the *value* of `methodname` and `reversed` in
+# a way that cannot be expressed in the Python type system.
+def _frommethod(methodname: str, reversed: bool = False) -> types.FunctionType: ...
+
+# NOTE: The following `*_mask` functions will accept any array-like input runtime, but
+# since their use-cases are specific to masks, they only accept `MaskedArray` inputs.
+
+# keep in sync with `MaskedArray.harden_mask`
+def harden_mask(a: _MArrayT) -> _MArrayT: ...
+# keep in sync with `MaskedArray.soften_mask`
+def soften_mask(a: _MArrayT) -> _MArrayT: ...
+# keep in sync with `MaskedArray.shrink_mask`
+def shrink_mask(a: _MArrayT) -> _MArrayT: ...
+
+# keep in sync with `MaskedArray.ids`
+def ids(a: ArrayLike) -> tuple[int, int]: ...
+
+# keep in sync with `ndarray.nonzero`
+def nonzero(a: ArrayLike) -> tuple[ndarray[tuple[int], np.dtype[intp]], ...]: ...
+
+# keep first overload in sync with `MaskedArray.ravel`
+@overload
+def ravel(a: np.ndarray[Any, _DTypeT], order: _OrderKACF = "C") -> MaskedArray[tuple[int], _DTypeT]: ...
+@overload
+def ravel(a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], order: _OrderKACF = "C") -> MaskedArray[tuple[int], np.dtype[_ScalarT]]: ...
+@overload
+def ravel(a: ArrayLike, order: _OrderKACF = "C") -> MaskedArray[tuple[int], _DTypeT_co]: ...
+
+# keep roughly in sync with `lib._function_base_impl.copy`
+@overload
+def copy(a: _MArrayT, order: _OrderKACF = "C") -> _MArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def copy(a: np.ndarray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT], order: _OrderKACF = "C") -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT]: ...
+@overload
+def copy(a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], order: _OrderKACF = "C") -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def copy(a: ArrayLike, order: _OrderKACF = "C") -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+# keep in sync with `_core.fromnumeric.diagonal`
+@overload
+def diagonal(
+    a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT],
+    offset: SupportsIndex = 0,
+    axis1: SupportsIndex = 0,
+    axis2: SupportsIndex = 1,
+) -> NDArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def diagonal(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    offset: SupportsIndex = 0,
+    axis1: SupportsIndex = 0,
+    axis2: SupportsIndex = 1,
+) -> NDArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+# keep in sync with `_core.fromnumeric.repeat`
+@overload
+def repeat(a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], repeats: _ArrayLikeInt_co, axis: None = None) -> MaskedArray[tuple[int], dtype[_ScalarT]]: ...
+@overload
+def repeat(a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], repeats: _ArrayLikeInt_co, axis: SupportsIndex) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def repeat(a: ArrayLike, repeats: _ArrayLikeInt_co, axis: None = None) -> MaskedArray[tuple[int], dtype[Incomplete]]: ...
+@overload
+def repeat(a: ArrayLike, repeats: _ArrayLikeInt_co, axis: SupportsIndex) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+# keep in sync with `_core.fromnumeric.swapaxes`
+@overload
+def swapaxes(a: _MArrayT, axis1: SupportsIndex, axis2: SupportsIndex) -> _MArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def swapaxes(a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], axis1: SupportsIndex, axis2: SupportsIndex) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def swapaxes(a: ArrayLike, axis1: SupportsIndex, axis2: SupportsIndex) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+# NOTE: The `MaskedArray.anom` definition is specific to `MaskedArray`, so we need
+# additional overloads to cover the array-like input here.
+@overload  # a: MaskedArray, dtype=None
+def anom(a: _MArrayT, axis: SupportsIndex | None = None, dtype: None = None) -> _MArrayT: ...
+@overload  # a: array-like, dtype=None
+def anom(a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], axis: SupportsIndex | None = None, dtype: None = None) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload  # a: unknown array-like, dtype: dtype-like (positional)
+def anom(a: ArrayLike, axis: SupportsIndex | None, dtype: _DTypeLike[_ScalarT]) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload  # a: unknown array-like, dtype: dtype-like (keyword)
+def anom(a: ArrayLike, axis: SupportsIndex | None = None, *, dtype: _DTypeLike[_ScalarT]) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload  # a: unknown array-like, dtype: unknown dtype-like (positional)
+def anom(a: ArrayLike, axis: SupportsIndex | None, dtype: DTypeLike) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+@overload  # a: unknown array-like, dtype: unknown dtype-like (keyword)
+def anom(a: ArrayLike, axis: SupportsIndex | None = None, *, dtype: DTypeLike) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+anomalies = anom
+
+# Keep in sync with `any` and `MaskedArray.all`
+@overload
+def all(a: ArrayLike, axis: None = None, out: None = None, keepdims: Literal[False] | _NoValueType = ...) -> np.bool: ...
+@overload
+def all(a: ArrayLike, axis: _ShapeLike | None, out: None, keepdims: Literal[True]) -> _MaskedArray[np.bool]: ...
+@overload
+def all(a: ArrayLike, axis: _ShapeLike | None = None, out: None = None, *, keepdims: Literal[True]) -> _MaskedArray[np.bool]: ...
+@overload
+def all(
+    a: ArrayLike, axis: _ShapeLike | None = None, out: None = None, keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...
+) -> np.bool | _MaskedArray[np.bool]: ...
+@overload
+def all(a: ArrayLike, axis: _ShapeLike | None, out: _ArrayT, keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...) -> _ArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def all(a: ArrayLike, axis: _ShapeLike | None = None, *, out: _ArrayT, keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+# Keep in sync with `all` and `MaskedArray.any`
+@overload
+def any(a: ArrayLike, axis: None = None, out: None = None, keepdims: Literal[False] | _NoValueType = ...) -> np.bool: ...
+@overload
+def any(a: ArrayLike, axis: _ShapeLike | None, out: None, keepdims: Literal[True]) -> _MaskedArray[np.bool]: ...
+@overload
+def any(a: ArrayLike, axis: _ShapeLike | None = None, out: None = None, *, keepdims: Literal[True]) -> _MaskedArray[np.bool]: ...
+@overload
+def any(
+    a: ArrayLike, axis: _ShapeLike | None = None, out: None = None, keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...
+) -> np.bool | _MaskedArray[np.bool]: ...
+@overload
+def any(a: ArrayLike, axis: _ShapeLike | None, out: _ArrayT, keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...) -> _ArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def any(a: ArrayLike, axis: _ShapeLike | None = None, *, out: _ArrayT, keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+# NOTE: The `MaskedArray.compress` definition uses its `DTypeT_co` type parameter,
+# which wouldn't work here for array-like inputs, so we need additional overloads.
+@overload
+def compress(
+    condition: _ArrayLikeBool_co, a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], axis: None = None, out: None = None
+) -> MaskedArray[tuple[int], np.dtype[_ScalarT]]: ...
+@overload
+def compress(
+    condition: _ArrayLikeBool_co, a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT], axis: _ShapeLike | None = None, out: None = None
+) -> MaskedArray[_AnyShape, np.dtype[_ScalarT]]: ...
+@overload
+def compress(condition: _ArrayLikeBool_co, a: ArrayLike, axis: None = None, out: None = None) -> MaskedArray[tuple[int]]: ...
+@overload
+def compress(
+    condition: _ArrayLikeBool_co, a: ArrayLike, axis: _ShapeLike | None = None, out: None = None
+) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+@overload
+def compress(condition: _ArrayLikeBool_co, a: ArrayLike, axis: _ShapeLike | None, out: _ArrayT) -> _ArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def compress(condition: _ArrayLikeBool_co, a: ArrayLike, axis: _ShapeLike | None = None, *, out: _ArrayT) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+# Keep in sync with `cumprod` and `MaskedArray.cumsum`
+@overload  # out: None (default)
+def cumsum(
+    a: ArrayLike, axis: SupportsIndex | None = None, dtype: DTypeLike | None = None, out: None = None
+) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+@overload  # out: ndarray (positional)
+def cumsum(a: ArrayLike, axis: SupportsIndex | None, dtype: DTypeLike | None, out: _ArrayT) -> _ArrayT: ...
+@overload  # out: ndarray (kwarg)
+def cumsum(a: ArrayLike, axis: SupportsIndex | None = None, dtype: DTypeLike | None = None, *, out: _ArrayT) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+# Keep in sync with `cumsum` and `MaskedArray.cumsum`
+@overload  # out: None (default)
+def cumprod(
+    a: ArrayLike, axis: SupportsIndex | None = None, dtype: DTypeLike | None = None, out: None = None
+) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+@overload  # out: ndarray (positional)
+def cumprod(a: ArrayLike, axis: SupportsIndex | None, dtype: DTypeLike | None, out: _ArrayT) -> _ArrayT: ...
+@overload  # out: ndarray (kwarg)
+def cumprod(a: ArrayLike, axis: SupportsIndex | None = None, dtype: DTypeLike | None = None, *, out: _ArrayT) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+# Keep in sync with `sum`, `prod`, `product`, and `MaskedArray.mean`
+@overload
+def mean(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> Incomplete: ...
+@overload
+def mean(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def mean(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    *,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+# Keep in sync with `mean`, `prod`, `product`, and `MaskedArray.sum`
+@overload
+def sum(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> Incomplete: ...
+@overload
+def sum(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def sum(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    *,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+# Keep in sync with `product` and `MaskedArray.prod`
+@overload
+def prod(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> Incomplete: ...
+@overload
+def prod(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def prod(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    *,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+# Keep in sync with `prod` and `MaskedArray.prod`
+@overload
+def product(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> Incomplete: ...
+@overload
+def product(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def product(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    *,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+# Keep in sync with `MaskedArray.trace` and `_core.fromnumeric.trace`
+@overload
+def trace(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    offset: SupportsIndex = 0,
+    axis1: SupportsIndex = 0,
+    axis2: SupportsIndex = 1,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+) -> Incomplete: ...
+@overload
+def trace(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    offset: SupportsIndex,
+    axis1: SupportsIndex,
+    axis2: SupportsIndex,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def trace(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    offset: SupportsIndex = 0,
+    axis1: SupportsIndex = 0,
+    axis2: SupportsIndex = 1,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    *,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+# keep in sync with `std` and `MaskedArray.var`
+@overload
+def std(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+    ddof: float = 0,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    mean: _ArrayLikeNumber_co | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> Incomplete: ...
+@overload
+def std(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    ddof: float = 0,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    mean: _ArrayLikeNumber_co | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def std(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    *,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    ddof: float = 0,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    mean: _ArrayLikeNumber_co | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+# keep in sync with `std` and `MaskedArray.var`
+@overload
+def var(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+    ddof: float = 0,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    mean: _ArrayLikeNumber_co | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> Incomplete: ...
+@overload
+def var(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    ddof: float = 0,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    mean: _ArrayLikeNumber_co | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def var(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    *,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    ddof: float = 0,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+    mean: _ArrayLikeNumber_co | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+# (a, b)
+minimum: _extrema_operation = ...
+maximum: _extrema_operation = ...
+
+# NOTE: this is a `_frommethod` instance at runtime
+@overload
+def count(a: ArrayLike, axis: None = None, keepdims: Literal[False] | _NoValueType = ...) -> int: ...
+@overload
+def count(a: ArrayLike, axis: _ShapeLike, keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...) -> NDArray[int_]: ...
+@overload
+def count(a: ArrayLike, axis: _ShapeLike | None = None, *, keepdims: Literal[True]) -> NDArray[int_]: ...
+@overload
+def count(a: ArrayLike, axis: _ShapeLike | None, keepdims: Literal[True]) -> NDArray[int_]: ...
+
+# NOTE: this is a `_frommethod` instance at runtime
+@overload
+def argmin(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: None = None,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+    *,
+    keepdims: Literal[False] | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> intp: ...
+@overload
+def argmin(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: SupportsIndex | None = None,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+    *,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def argmin(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: SupportsIndex | None = None,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    *,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def argmin(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: SupportsIndex | None,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    *,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+# keep in sync with `argmin`
+@overload
+def argmax(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: None = None,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+    *,
+    keepdims: Literal[False] | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> intp: ...
+@overload
+def argmax(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: SupportsIndex | None = None,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+    *,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def argmax(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: SupportsIndex | None = None,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    *,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def argmax(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: SupportsIndex | None,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    *,
+    keepdims: bool | _NoValueType = ...,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+@overload
+def take(
+    a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT],
+    indices: _IntLike_co,
+    axis: None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+    mode: _ModeKind = "raise"
+) -> _ScalarT: ...
+@overload
+def take(
+    a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT],
+    indices: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    axis: SupportsIndex | None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+    mode: _ModeKind = "raise",
+) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def take(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    indices: _IntLike_co,
+    axis: SupportsIndex | None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+    mode: _ModeKind = "raise",
+) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def take(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    indices: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    axis: SupportsIndex | None = None,
+    out: None = None,
+    mode: _ModeKind = "raise",
+) -> _MaskedArray[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def take(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    indices: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    axis: SupportsIndex | None,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    mode: _ModeKind = "raise",
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def take(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    indices: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    axis: SupportsIndex | None = None,
+    *,
+    out: _ArrayT,
+    mode: _ModeKind = "raise",
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+
+def power(a, b, third=None): ...
+def argsort(a, axis=..., kind=None, order=None, endwith=True, fill_value=None, *, stable=None): ...
+@overload
+def sort(
+    a: _ArrayT,
+    axis: SupportsIndex = -1,
+    kind: _SortKind | None = None,
+    order: str | Sequence[str] | None = None,
+    endwith: bool | None = True,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    *,
+    stable: Literal[False] | None = None,
+) -> _ArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def sort(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: SupportsIndex = -1,
+    kind: _SortKind | None = None,
+    order: str | Sequence[str] | None = None,
+    endwith: bool | None = True,
+    fill_value: _ScalarLike_co | None = None,
+    *,
+    stable: Literal[False] | None = None,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def compressed(x: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT_co]) -> _Array1D[_ScalarT_co]: ...
+@overload
+def compressed(x: ArrayLike) -> _Array1D[Any]: ...
+def concatenate(arrays, axis=0): ...
+def diag(v, k=0): ...
+def left_shift(a, n): ...
+def right_shift(a, n): ...
+def put(a: NDArray[Any], indices: _ArrayLikeInt_co, values: ArrayLike, mode: _ModeKind = "raise") -> None: ...
+def putmask(a: NDArray[Any], mask: _ArrayLikeBool_co, values: ArrayLike) -> None: ...
+def transpose(a, axes=None): ...
+def reshape(a, new_shape, order="C"): ...
+def resize(x, new_shape): ...
+def ndim(obj: ArrayLike) -> int: ...
+def shape(obj): ...
+def size(obj: ArrayLike, axis: SupportsIndex | None = None) -> int: ...
+def diff(a, /, n=1, axis=-1, prepend=..., append=...): ...
+def where(condition, x=..., y=...): ...
+def choose(indices, choices, out=None, mode="raise"): ...
+def round_(a, decimals=0, out=None): ...
+round = round_
+
+def inner(a, b): ...
+innerproduct = inner
+
+def outer(a, b): ...
+outerproduct = outer
+
+def correlate(a, v, mode="valid", propagate_mask=True): ...
+def convolve(a, v, mode="full", propagate_mask=True): ...
+
+def allequal(a: ArrayLike, b: ArrayLike, fill_value: bool = True) -> bool: ...
+
+def allclose(a: ArrayLike, b: ArrayLike, masked_equal: bool = True, rtol: float = 1e-5, atol: float = 1e-8) -> bool: ...
+
+def fromflex(fxarray): ...
+
+def append(a, b, axis=None): ...
+def dot(a, b, strict=False, out=None): ...
+
+# internal wrapper functions for the functions below
+def _convert2ma(
+    funcname: str,
+    np_ret: str,
+    np_ma_ret: str,
+    params: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> Callable[..., Any]: ...
+
+# keep in sync with `_core.multiarray.arange`
+@overload  # dtype=<known>
+def arange(
+    start_or_stop: _ArangeScalar | float,
+    /,
+    stop: _ArangeScalar | float | None = None,
+    step: _ArangeScalar | float | None = 1,
+    *,
+    dtype: _DTypeLike[_ArangeScalarT],
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> _Masked1D[_ArangeScalarT]: ...
+@overload  # (int-like, int-like?, int-like?)
+def arange(
+    start_or_stop: _IntLike_co,
+    /,
+    stop: _IntLike_co | None = None,
+    step: _IntLike_co | None = 1,
+    *,
+    dtype: type[int] | _DTypeLike[np.int_] | None = None,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> _Masked1D[np.int_]: ...
+@overload  # (float, float-like?, float-like?)
+def arange(
+    start_or_stop: float | floating,
+    /,
+    stop: _FloatLike_co | None = None,
+    step: _FloatLike_co | None = 1,
+    *,
+    dtype: type[float] | _DTypeLike[np.float64] | None = None,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> _Masked1D[np.float64 | Any]: ...
+@overload  # (float-like, float, float-like?)
+def arange(
+    start_or_stop: _FloatLike_co,
+    /,
+    stop: float | floating,
+    step: _FloatLike_co | None = 1,
+    *,
+    dtype: type[float] | _DTypeLike[np.float64] | None = None,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> _Masked1D[np.float64 | Any]: ...
+@overload  # (timedelta, timedelta-like?, timedelta-like?)
+def arange(
+    start_or_stop: np.timedelta64,
+    /,
+    stop: _TD64Like_co | None = None,
+    step: _TD64Like_co | None = 1,
+    *,
+    dtype: _DTypeLike[np.timedelta64] | None = None,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> _Masked1D[np.timedelta64[Incomplete]]: ...
+@overload  # (timedelta-like, timedelta, timedelta-like?)
+def arange(
+    start_or_stop: _TD64Like_co,
+    /,
+    stop: np.timedelta64,
+    step: _TD64Like_co | None = 1,
+    *,
+    dtype: _DTypeLike[np.timedelta64] | None = None,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> _Masked1D[np.timedelta64[Incomplete]]: ...
+@overload  # (datetime, datetime, timedelta-like) (requires both start and stop)
+def arange(
+    start_or_stop: np.datetime64,
+    /,
+    stop: np.datetime64,
+    step: _TD64Like_co | None = 1,
+    *,
+    dtype: _DTypeLike[np.datetime64] | None = None,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> _Masked1D[np.datetime64[Incomplete]]: ...
+@overload  # dtype=<unknown>
+def arange(
+    start_or_stop: _ArangeScalar | float,
+    /,
+    stop: _ArangeScalar | float | None = None,
+    step: _ArangeScalar | float | None = 1,
+    *,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> _Masked1D[Incomplete]: ...
+
+# based on `_core.fromnumeric.clip`
+@overload
+def clip(
+    a: _ScalarT,
+    a_min: ArrayLike | _NoValueType | None = ...,
+    a_max: ArrayLike | _NoValueType | None = ...,
+    out: None = None,
+    *,
+    min: ArrayLike | _NoValueType | None = ...,
+    max: ArrayLike | _NoValueType | None = ...,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+    dtype: None = None,
+    **kwargs: Unpack[_UFuncKwargs],
+) -> _ScalarT: ...
+@overload
+def clip(
+    a: NDArray[_ScalarT],
+    a_min: ArrayLike | _NoValueType | None = ...,
+    a_max: ArrayLike | _NoValueType | None = ...,
+    out: None = None,
+    *,
+    min: ArrayLike | _NoValueType | None = ...,
+    max: ArrayLike | _NoValueType | None = ...,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+    dtype: None = None,
+    **kwargs: Unpack[_UFuncKwargs],
+) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def clip(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    a_min: ArrayLike | None,
+    a_max: ArrayLike | None,
+    out: _MArrayT,
+    *,
+    min: ArrayLike | _NoValueType | None = ...,
+    max: ArrayLike | _NoValueType | None = ...,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Unpack[_UFuncKwargs],
+) -> _MArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def clip(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    a_min: ArrayLike | _NoValueType | None = ...,
+    a_max: ArrayLike | _NoValueType | None = ...,
+    *,
+    out: _MArrayT,
+    min: ArrayLike | _NoValueType | None = ...,
+    max: ArrayLike | _NoValueType | None = ...,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Unpack[_UFuncKwargs],
+) -> _MArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def clip(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    a_min: ArrayLike | _NoValueType | None = ...,
+    a_max: ArrayLike | _NoValueType | None = ...,
+    out: None = None,
+    *,
+    min: ArrayLike | _NoValueType | None = ...,
+    max: ArrayLike | _NoValueType | None = ...,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Unpack[_UFuncKwargs],
+) -> Incomplete: ...
+
+# keep in sync with `_core.multiarray.ones`
+@overload
+def empty(
+    shape: SupportsIndex,
+    dtype: None = None,
+    order: _OrderCF = "C",
+    *,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> MaskedArray[tuple[int], np.dtype[np.float64]]: ...
+@overload
+def empty(
+    shape: SupportsIndex,
+    dtype: _DTypeT | _SupportsDType[_DTypeT],
+    order: _OrderCF = "C",
+    *,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> MaskedArray[tuple[int], _DTypeT]: ...
+@overload
+def empty(
+    shape: SupportsIndex,
+    dtype: type[_ScalarT],
+    order: _OrderCF = "C",
+    *,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> MaskedArray[tuple[int], np.dtype[_ScalarT]]: ...
+@overload
+def empty(
+    shape: SupportsIndex,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    order: _OrderCF = "C",
+    *,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> MaskedArray[tuple[int]]: ...
+@overload  # known shape
+def empty(
+    shape: _AnyShapeT,
+    dtype: None = None,
+    order: _OrderCF = "C",
+    *,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> MaskedArray[_AnyShapeT, np.dtype[np.float64]]: ...
+@overload
+def empty(
+    shape: _AnyShapeT,
+    dtype: _DTypeT | _SupportsDType[_DTypeT],
+    order: _OrderCF = "C",
+    *,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> MaskedArray[_AnyShapeT, _DTypeT]: ...
+@overload
+def empty(
+    shape: _AnyShapeT,
+    dtype: type[_ScalarT],
+    order: _OrderCF = "C",
+    *,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> MaskedArray[_AnyShapeT, np.dtype[_ScalarT]]: ...
+@overload
+def empty(
+    shape: _AnyShapeT,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    order: _OrderCF = "C",
+    *,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> MaskedArray[_AnyShapeT]: ...
+@overload  # unknown shape
+def empty(
+    shape: _ShapeLike,
+    dtype: None = None,
+    order: _OrderCF = "C",
+    *,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> _MaskedArray[np.float64]: ...
+@overload
+def empty(
+    shape: _ShapeLike,
+    dtype: _DTypeT | _SupportsDType[_DTypeT],
+    order: _OrderCF = "C",
+    *,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> MaskedArray[_AnyShape, _DTypeT]: ...
+@overload
+def empty(
+    shape: _ShapeLike,
+    dtype: type[_ScalarT],
+    order: _OrderCF = "C",
+    *,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def empty(
+    shape: _ShapeLike,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    *,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> MaskedArray: ...
+
+# keep in sync with `_core.multiarray.empty_like`
+@overload
+def empty_like(
+    a: _MArrayT,
+    /,
+    dtype: None = None,
+    order: _OrderKACF = "K",
+    subok: bool = True,
+    shape: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    *,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+) -> _MArrayT: ...
+@overload
+def empty_like(
+    a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT],
+    /,
+    dtype: None = None,
+    order: _OrderKACF = "K",
+    subok: bool = True,
+    shape: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    *,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def empty_like(
+    a: Incomplete,
+    /,
+    dtype: _DTypeLike[_ScalarT],
+    order: _OrderKACF = "K",
+    subok: bool = True,
+    shape: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    *,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def empty_like(
+    a: Incomplete,
+    /,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    order: _OrderKACF = "K",
+    subok: bool = True,
+    shape: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    *,
+    device: Literal["cpu"] | None = None,
+) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+# This is a bit of a hack to avoid having to duplicate all those `empty` overloads for
+# `ones` and `zeros`, that relies on the fact that empty/zeros/ones have identical
+# type signatures, but may cause some type-checkers to report incorrect names in case
+# of user errors. Mypy and Pyright seem to handle this just fine.
+ones = empty
+ones_like = empty_like
+zeros = empty
+zeros_like = empty_like
+
+# keep in sync with `_core.multiarray.frombuffer`
+@overload
+def frombuffer(
+    buffer: Buffer,
+    *,
+    count: SupportsIndex = -1,
+    offset: SupportsIndex = 0,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+) -> _MaskedArray[np.float64]: ...
+@overload
+def frombuffer(
+    buffer: Buffer,
+    dtype: _DTypeLike[_ScalarT],
+    count: SupportsIndex = -1,
+    offset: SupportsIndex = 0,
+    *,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def frombuffer(
+    buffer: Buffer,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = float,
+    count: SupportsIndex = -1,
+    offset: SupportsIndex = 0,
+    *,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+
+# keep roughly in sync with `_core.numeric.fromfunction`
+def fromfunction(
+    function: Callable[..., np.ndarray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT]],
+    shape: Sequence[int],
+    *,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = float,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> MaskedArray[_ShapeT, _DTypeT]: ...
+
+# keep roughly in sync with `_core.numeric.identity`
+@overload
+def identity(
+    n: int,
+    dtype: None = None,
+    *,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> MaskedArray[tuple[int, int], np.dtype[np.float64]]: ...
+@overload
+def identity(
+    n: int,
+    dtype: _DTypeLike[_ScalarT],
+    *,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> MaskedArray[tuple[int, int], np.dtype[_ScalarT]]: ...
+@overload
+def identity(
+    n: int,
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = None,
+    *,
+    like: _SupportsArrayFunc | None = None,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> MaskedArray[tuple[int, int], np.dtype[Incomplete]]: ...
+
+# keep roughly in sync with `_core.numeric.indices`
+@overload
+def indices(
+    dimensions: Sequence[int],
+    dtype: type[int] = int,
+    sparse: Literal[False] = False,
+    *,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> _MaskedArray[np.intp]: ...
+@overload
+def indices(
+    dimensions: Sequence[int],
+    dtype: type[int],
+    sparse: Literal[True],
+    *,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[_MaskedArray[np.intp], ...]: ...
+@overload
+def indices(
+    dimensions: Sequence[int],
+    dtype: type[int] = int,
+    *,
+    sparse: Literal[True],
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[_MaskedArray[np.intp], ...]: ...
+@overload
+def indices(
+    dimensions: Sequence[int],
+    dtype: _DTypeLike[_ScalarT],
+    sparse: Literal[False] = False,
+    *,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def indices(
+    dimensions: Sequence[int],
+    dtype: _DTypeLike[_ScalarT],
+    sparse: Literal[True],
+    *,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[_MaskedArray[_ScalarT], ...]: ...
+@overload
+def indices(
+    dimensions: Sequence[int],
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = int,
+    sparse: Literal[False] = False,
+    *,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...
+@overload
+def indices(
+    dimensions: Sequence[int],
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None,
+    sparse: Literal[True],
+    *,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[_MaskedArray[Incomplete], ...]: ...
+@overload
+def indices(
+    dimensions: Sequence[int],
+    dtype: DTypeLike | None = int,
+    *,
+    sparse: Literal[True],
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[_MaskedArray[Incomplete], ...]: ...
+
+# keep roughly in sync with `_core.fromnumeric.squeeze`
+@overload
+def squeeze(
+    a: _ArrayLike[_ScalarT],
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    *,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> _MaskedArray[_ScalarT]: ...
+@overload
+def squeeze(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike | None = None,
+    *,
+    fill_value: _FillValue | None = None,
+    hardmask: bool = False,
+) -> _MaskedArray[Incomplete]: ...