visaljs 0.0.2 → 0.0.3

package/runtime/third_party/boringssl/include/openssl/asn1.h

@@ -0,0 +1,2002 @@
+// Copyright 1995-2016 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef OPENSSL_HEADER_ASN1_H
+#define OPENSSL_HEADER_ASN1_H
+
+#include <openssl/base.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include <openssl/bio.h>
+#include <openssl/bn.h>
+#include <openssl/stack.h>
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+
+// Legacy ASN.1 library.
+//
+// This header is part of OpenSSL's ASN.1 implementation. It is retained for
+// compatibility but should not be used by new code. The functions are difficult
+// to use correctly, and have buggy or non-standard behaviors. They are thus
+// particularly prone to behavior changes and API removals, as BoringSSL
+// iterates on these issues.
+//
+// Use the new `CBS` and `CBB` library in <openssl/bytestring.h> instead.
+
+
+// Tag constants.
+//
+// These constants are used in various APIs to specify ASN.1 types and tag
+// components. See the specific API's documentation for details on which values
+// are used and how.
+
+// The following constants are tag classes.
+#define V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL 0x00
+#define V_ASN1_APPLICATION 0x40
+#define V_ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC 0x80
+#define V_ASN1_PRIVATE 0xc0
+
+// V_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED indicates an element is constructed, rather than
+// primitive.
+#define V_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED 0x20
+
+// V_ASN1_PRIMITIVE_TAG is the highest tag number which can be encoded in a
+// single byte. Note this is unrelated to whether an element is constructed or
+// primitive.
+//
+// TODO(davidben): Make this private.
+#define V_ASN1_PRIMITIVE_TAG 0x1f
+
+// V_ASN1_MAX_UNIVERSAL is the highest supported universal tag number. It is
+// necessary to avoid ambiguity with `V_ASN1_NEG` and `MBSTRING_FLAG`.
+//
+// TODO(davidben): Make this private.
+#define V_ASN1_MAX_UNIVERSAL 0xff
+
+// V_ASN1_UNDEF is used in some APIs to indicate an ASN.1 element is omitted.
+#define V_ASN1_UNDEF (-1)
+
+// V_ASN1_OTHER is used in `ASN1_TYPE` to indicate a non-universal ASN.1 type.
+#define V_ASN1_OTHER (-3)
+
+// V_ASN1_ANY is used by the ASN.1 templates to indicate an ANY type.
+#define V_ASN1_ANY (-4)
+
+// The following constants are tag numbers for universal types.
+#define V_ASN1_EOC 0
+#define V_ASN1_BOOLEAN 1
+#define V_ASN1_INTEGER 2
+#define V_ASN1_BIT_STRING 3
+#define V_ASN1_OCTET_STRING 4
+#define V_ASN1_NULL 5
+#define V_ASN1_OBJECT 6
+#define V_ASN1_OBJECT_DESCRIPTOR 7
+#define V_ASN1_EXTERNAL 8
+#define V_ASN1_REAL 9
+#define V_ASN1_ENUMERATED 10
+#define V_ASN1_UTF8STRING 12
+#define V_ASN1_SEQUENCE 16
+#define V_ASN1_SET 17
+#define V_ASN1_NUMERICSTRING 18
+#define V_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING 19
+#define V_ASN1_T61STRING 20
+#define V_ASN1_TELETEXSTRING 20
+#define V_ASN1_VIDEOTEXSTRING 21
+#define V_ASN1_IA5STRING 22
+#define V_ASN1_UTCTIME 23
+#define V_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME 24
+#define V_ASN1_GRAPHICSTRING 25
+#define V_ASN1_ISO64STRING 26
+#define V_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING 26
+#define V_ASN1_GENERALSTRING 27
+#define V_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING 28
+#define V_ASN1_BMPSTRING 30
+
+// The following constants are used for `ASN1_STRING` values that represent
+// negative INTEGER and ENUMERATED values. See `ASN1_STRING` for more details.
+#define V_ASN1_NEG 0x100
+#define V_ASN1_NEG_INTEGER (V_ASN1_INTEGER | V_ASN1_NEG)
+#define V_ASN1_NEG_ENUMERATED (V_ASN1_ENUMERATED | V_ASN1_NEG)
+
+// The following constants are bitmask representations of ASN.1 types.
+#define B_ASN1_NUMERICSTRING 0x0001
+#define B_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING 0x0002
+#define B_ASN1_T61STRING 0x0004
+#define B_ASN1_TELETEXSTRING 0x0004
+#define B_ASN1_VIDEOTEXSTRING 0x0008
+#define B_ASN1_IA5STRING 0x0010
+#define B_ASN1_GRAPHICSTRING 0x0020
+#define B_ASN1_ISO64STRING 0x0040
+#define B_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING 0x0040
+#define B_ASN1_GENERALSTRING 0x0080
+#define B_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING 0x0100
+#define B_ASN1_OCTET_STRING 0x0200
+#define B_ASN1_BIT_STRING 0x0400
+#define B_ASN1_BMPSTRING 0x0800
+#define B_ASN1_UTF8STRING 0x2000
+#define B_ASN1_UTCTIME 0x4000
+#define B_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME 0x8000
+#define B_ASN1_SEQUENCE 0x10000
+
+// ASN1_tag2bit converts `tag` from the tag number of a universal type to a
+// corresponding `B_ASN1_*` constant, or zero if `tag` has no bitmask.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT unsigned long ASN1_tag2bit(int tag);
+
+// ASN1_tag2str returns a string representation of `tag`, interpret as a tag
+// number for a universal type, or `V_ASN1_NEG_*`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT const char *ASN1_tag2str(int tag);
+
+
+// API conventions.
+//
+// The following sample functions document the calling conventions used by
+// legacy ASN.1 APIs.
+
+#if 0  // Sample functions
+
+// d2i_SAMPLE parses a structure from up to `len` bytes at `*inp`. On success,
+// it advances `*inp` by the number of bytes read and returns a newly-allocated
+// `SAMPLE` object containing the parsed structure. If `out` is non-NULL, it
+// additionally frees the previous value at `*out` and updates `*out` to the
+// result. If parsing or allocating the result fails, it returns NULL.
+//
+// This function does not reject trailing data in the input. This allows the
+// caller to parse a sequence of concatenated structures. Callers parsing only
+// one structure should check for trailing data by comparing the updated `*inp`
+// with the end of the input.
+//
+// Note: If `out` and `*out` are both non-NULL, the object at `*out` is not
+// updated in-place. Instead, it is freed, and the pointer is updated to the
+// new object. This differs from OpenSSL. Callers are recommended to set `out`
+// to NULL and instead use the return value.
+SAMPLE *d2i_SAMPLE(SAMPLE **out, const uint8_t **inp, long len);
+
+// i2d_SAMPLE marshals `in`. On error, it returns a negative value. On success,
+// it returns the length of the result and outputs it via `outp` as follows:
+//
+// If `outp` is NULL, the function writes nothing. This mode can be used to size
+// buffers.
+//
+// If `outp` is non-NULL but `*outp` is NULL, the function sets `*outp` to a
+// newly-allocated buffer containing the result. The caller is responsible for
+// releasing `*outp` with `OPENSSL_free`. This mode is recommended for most
+// callers.
+//
+// If `outp` and `*outp` are non-NULL, the function writes the result to
+// `*outp`, which must have enough space available, and advances `*outp` just
+// past the output.
+//
+// WARNING: In the third mode, the function does not internally check output
+// bounds. Failing to correctly size the buffer will result in a potentially
+// exploitable memory error.
+int i2d_SAMPLE(const SAMPLE *in, uint8_t **outp);
+
+#endif  // Sample functions
+
+// The following typedefs are sometimes used for pointers to functions like
+// `d2i_SAMPLE` and `i2d_SAMPLE`. Note, however, that these act on `void*`.
+// Calling a function with a different pointer type is undefined in C, so this
+// is only valid with a wrapper.
+typedef void *d2i_of_void(void **, const unsigned char **, long);
+typedef int i2d_of_void(const void *, unsigned char **);
+
+
+// ASN.1 types.
+//
+// An `ASN1_ITEM` represents an ASN.1 type and allows working with ASN.1 types
+// generically.
+//
+// `ASN1_ITEM`s use a different namespace from C types and are accessed via
+// `ASN1_ITEM_*` macros. So, for example, `ASN1_OCTET_STRING` is both a C type
+// and the name of an `ASN1_ITEM`, referenced as
+// `ASN1_ITEM_rptr(ASN1_OCTET_STRING)`.
+//
+// Each `ASN1_ITEM` has a corresponding C type, typically with the same name,
+// which represents values in the ASN.1 type. This type is either a pointer type
+// or `ASN1_BOOLEAN`. When it is a pointer, NULL pointers represent omitted
+// values. For example, an OCTET STRING value is declared with the C type
+// `ASN1_OCTET_STRING*` and uses the `ASN1_ITEM` named `ASN1_OCTET_STRING`. An
+// OPTIONAL OCTET STRING uses the same C type and represents an omitted value
+// with a NULL pointer. `ASN1_BOOLEAN` is described in a later section.
+
+// DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM declares an `ASN1_ITEM` with name `name`. The `ASN1_ITEM`
+// may be referenced with `ASN1_ITEM_rptr`. Uses of this macro should document
+// the corresponding ASN.1 and C types.
+#define DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(name) extern OPENSSL_EXPORT const ASN1_ITEM name##_it;
+
+// ASN1_ITEM_rptr returns the `const ASN1_ITEM *` named `name`.
+#define ASN1_ITEM_rptr(name) (&(name##_it))
+
+// ASN1_ITEM_EXP is an abstraction for referencing an `ASN1_ITEM` in a
+// constant-initialized structure, such as a method table. It exists because, on
+// some OpenSSL platforms, `ASN1_ITEM` references are indirected through
+// functions. Structures reference the `ASN1_ITEM` by declaring a field like
+// `ASN1_ITEM_EXP *item` and initializing it with `ASN1_ITEM_ref`.
+typedef const ASN1_ITEM ASN1_ITEM_EXP;
+
+// ASN1_ITEM_ref returns an `ASN1_ITEM_EXP*` for the `ASN1_ITEM` named `name`.
+#define ASN1_ITEM_ref(name) (&(name##_it))
+
+// ASN1_ITEM_ptr converts `iptr`, which must be an `ASN1_ITEM_EXP*` to a
+// `const ASN1_ITEM*`.
+#define ASN1_ITEM_ptr(iptr) (iptr)
+
+// ASN1_VALUE_st (aka `ASN1_VALUE`) is an opaque type used as a placeholder for
+// the C type corresponding to an `ASN1_ITEM`.
+typedef struct ASN1_VALUE_st ASN1_VALUE;
+
+// ASN1_item_new allocates a new value of the C type corresponding to `it`, or
+// NULL on error. On success, the caller must release the value with
+// `ASN1_item_free`, or the corresponding C type's free function, when done. The
+// new value will initialize fields of the value to some default state, such as
+// an empty string. Note, however, that this default state sometimes omits
+// required values, such as with CHOICE types.
+//
+// This function may not be used with `ASN1_ITEM`s whose C type is
+// `ASN1_BOOLEAN`.
+//
+// WARNING: Casting the result of this function to the wrong type is a
+// potentially exploitable memory error. Callers must ensure the value is used
+// consistently with `it`. Prefer using type-specific functions such as
+// `ASN1_OCTET_STRING_new`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_VALUE *ASN1_item_new(const ASN1_ITEM *it);
+
+// ASN1_item_free releases memory associated with `val`, which must be an object
+// of the C type corresponding to `it`.
+//
+// This function may not be used with `ASN1_ITEM`s whose C type is
+// `ASN1_BOOLEAN`.
+//
+// WARNING: Passing a pointer of the wrong type into this function is a
+// potentially exploitable memory error. Callers must ensure `val` is consistent
+// with `it`. Prefer using type-specific functions such as
+// `ASN1_OCTET_STRING_free`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_item_free(ASN1_VALUE *val, const ASN1_ITEM *it);
+
+// ASN1_item_d2i parses the ASN.1 type `it` from up to `len` bytes at `*inp`.
+// It behaves like `d2i_SAMPLE`, except that `out` and the return value are cast
+// to `ASN1_VALUE` pointers.
+//
+// This function may not be used with `ASN1_ITEM`s whose C type is
+// `ASN1_BOOLEAN`.
+//
+// WARNING: Casting the result of this function to the wrong type, or passing a
+// pointer of the wrong type into this function, are potentially exploitable
+// memory errors. Callers must ensure `out` is consistent with `it`. Prefer
+// using type-specific functions such as `d2i_ASN1_OCTET_STRING`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_VALUE *ASN1_item_d2i(ASN1_VALUE **out,
+                                         const unsigned char **inp, long len,
+                                         const ASN1_ITEM *it);
+
+// ASN1_item_i2d marshals `val` as the ASN.1 type associated with `it`, as
+// described in `i2d_SAMPLE`.
+//
+// This function may not be used with `ASN1_ITEM`s whose C type is
+// `ASN1_BOOLEAN`.
+//
+// WARNING: Passing a pointer of the wrong type into this function is a
+// potentially exploitable memory error. Callers must ensure `val` is consistent
+// with `it`. Prefer using type-specific functions such as
+// `i2d_ASN1_OCTET_STRING`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_item_i2d(ASN1_VALUE *val, unsigned char **outp,
+                                 const ASN1_ITEM *it);
+
+// ASN1_item_dup returns a newly-allocated copy of `x`, or NULL on error. `x`
+// must be an object of `it`'s C type.
+//
+// This function may not be used with `ASN1_ITEM`s whose C type is
+// `ASN1_BOOLEAN`.
+//
+// WARNING: Casting the result of this function to the wrong type, or passing a
+// pointer of the wrong type into this function, are potentially exploitable
+// memory errors. Prefer using type-specific functions such as
+// `ASN1_STRING_dup`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void *ASN1_item_dup(const ASN1_ITEM *it, void *x);
+
+// The following functions behave like `ASN1_item_d2i` but read from `in`
+// instead. `out` is the same parameter as in `ASN1_item_d2i`, but written with
+// `void*` instead. The return values similarly match.
+//
+// These functions may not be used with `ASN1_ITEM`s whose C type is
+// `ASN1_BOOLEAN`.
+//
+// WARNING: These functions do not bound how much data is read from `in`.
+// Parsing an untrusted input could consume unbounded memory.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void *ASN1_item_d2i_fp(const ASN1_ITEM *it, FILE *in, void *out);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void *ASN1_item_d2i_bio(const ASN1_ITEM *it, BIO *in, void *out);
+
+// The following functions behave like `ASN1_item_i2d` but write to `out`
+// instead. `in` is the same parameter as in `ASN1_item_i2d`, but written with
+// `void*` instead.
+//
+// These functions may not be used with `ASN1_ITEM`s whose C type is
+// `ASN1_BOOLEAN`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_item_i2d_fp(const ASN1_ITEM *it, FILE *out,
+                                    const void *in);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_item_i2d_bio(const ASN1_ITEM *it, BIO *out,
+                                     const void *in);
+
+// ASN1_item_unpack parses `oct`'s contents as `it`'s ASN.1 type. It returns a
+// newly-allocated instance of `it`'s C type on success, or NULL on error.
+//
+// This function may not be used with `ASN1_ITEM`s whose C type is
+// `ASN1_BOOLEAN`.
+//
+// WARNING: Casting the result of this function to the wrong type is a
+// potentially exploitable memory error. Callers must ensure the value is used
+// consistently with `it`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void *ASN1_item_unpack(const ASN1_STRING *oct,
+                                      const ASN1_ITEM *it);
+
+// ASN1_item_pack marshals `obj` as `it`'s ASN.1 type. If `out` is NULL, it
+// returns a newly-allocated `ASN1_STRING` with the result, or NULL on error.
+// If `out` is non-NULL, but `*out` is NULL, it does the same but additionally
+// sets `*out` to the result. If both `out` and `*out` are non-NULL, it writes
+// the result to `*out` and returns `*out` on success or NULL on error.
+//
+// This function may not be used with `ASN1_ITEM`s whose C type is
+// `ASN1_BOOLEAN`.
+//
+// WARNING: Passing a pointer of the wrong type into this function is a
+// potentially exploitable memory error. Callers must ensure `val` is consistent
+// with `it`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_STRING *ASN1_item_pack(void *obj, const ASN1_ITEM *it,
+                                           ASN1_STRING **out);
+
+
+// Booleans.
+//
+// This library represents ASN.1 BOOLEAN values with `ASN1_BOOLEAN`, which is an
+// integer type. FALSE is zero, TRUE is 0xff, and an omitted OPTIONAL BOOLEAN is
+// -1.
+
+// ASN1_BOOLEAN_FALSE is FALSE as an `ASN1_BOOLEAN`.
+#define ASN1_BOOLEAN_FALSE 0
+
+// ASN1_BOOLEAN_TRUE is TRUE as an `ASN1_BOOLEAN`. Some code incorrectly uses
+// 1, so prefer `b != ASN1_BOOLEAN_FALSE` over `b == ASN1_BOOLEAN_TRUE`.
+#define ASN1_BOOLEAN_TRUE 0xff
+
+// ASN1_BOOLEAN_NONE, in contexts where the `ASN1_BOOLEAN` represents an
+// OPTIONAL BOOLEAN, is an omitted value. Using this value in other contexts is
+// undefined and may be misinterpreted as TRUE.
+#define ASN1_BOOLEAN_NONE (-1)
+
+// d2i_ASN1_BOOLEAN parses a DER-encoded ASN.1 BOOLEAN from up to `len` bytes at
+// `*inp`. On success, it advances `*inp` by the number of bytes read and
+// returns the result. If `out` is non-NULL, it additionally writes the result
+// to `*out`. On error, it returns `ASN1_BOOLEAN_NONE`.
+//
+// This function does not reject trailing data in the input. This allows the
+// caller to parse a sequence of concatenated structures. Callers parsing only
+// one structure should check for trailing data by comparing the updated `*inp`
+// with the end of the input.
+//
+// WARNING: This function's is slightly different from other `d2i_*` functions
+// because `ASN1_BOOLEAN` is not a pointer type.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_BOOLEAN d2i_ASN1_BOOLEAN(ASN1_BOOLEAN *out,
+                                             const unsigned char **inp,
+                                             long len);
+
+// i2d_ASN1_BOOLEAN marshals `a` as a DER-encoded ASN.1 BOOLEAN, as described in
+// `i2d_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_BOOLEAN(ASN1_BOOLEAN a, unsigned char **outp);
+
+// The following `ASN1_ITEM`s have ASN.1 type BOOLEAN and C type `ASN1_BOOLEAN`.
+// `ASN1_TBOOLEAN` and `ASN1_FBOOLEAN` must be marked OPTIONAL. When omitted,
+// they are parsed as TRUE and FALSE, respectively, rather than
+// `ASN1_BOOLEAN_NONE`.
+DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_BOOLEAN)
+DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_TBOOLEAN)
+DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_FBOOLEAN)
+
+
+// Strings.
+//
+// ASN.1 contains a myriad of string types, as well as types that contain data
+// that may be encoded into a string. This library uses a single type,
+// `ASN1_STRING`, to represent most values.
+
+// An asn1_string_st (aka `ASN1_STRING`) represents a value of a string-like
+// ASN.1 type. It contains a `type` field, and a byte string `data` field with a
+// type-specific representation. This type-specific representation does not
+// always correspond to the DER encoding of the type.
+//
+// If `type` is one of `V_ASN1_OCTET_STRING`, `V_ASN1_UTF8STRING`,
+// `V_ASN1_NUMERICSTRING`, `V_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING`, `V_ASN1_T61STRING`,
+// `V_ASN1_VIDEOTEXSTRING`, `V_ASN1_IA5STRING`, `V_ASN1_GRAPHICSTRING`,
+// `V_ASN1_ISO64STRING`, `V_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING`, `V_ASN1_GENERALSTRING`,
+// `V_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING`, or `V_ASN1_BMPSTRING`, the object represents an
+// ASN.1 string type. The data contains the byte representation of the
+// string.
+//
+// If `type` is `V_ASN1_BIT_STRING`, the object represents a BIT STRING value.
+// See bit string documentation below for the data and flags.
+//
+// If `type` is one of `V_ASN1_INTEGER`, `V_ASN1_NEG_INTEGER`,
+// `V_ASN1_ENUMERATED`, or `V_ASN1_NEG_ENUMERATED`, the object represents an
+// INTEGER or ENUMERATED value. See integer documentation below for details.
+//
+// If `type` is `V_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME` or `V_ASN1_UTCTIME`, the object
+// represents a GeneralizedTime or UTCTime value, respectively. The data
+// contains the DER encoding of the value. For example, the UNIX epoch would be
+// "19700101000000Z" for a GeneralizedTime and "700101000000Z" for a UTCTime.
+//
+// If `type` is `V_ASN1_SEQUENCE`, `V_ASN1_SET`, or `V_ASN1_OTHER`, the object
+// represents a SEQUENCE, SET, or arbitrary ASN.1 value, respectively. Unlike
+// the above cases, the data contains the DER encoding of the entire structure,
+// including the header. If the value is explicitly or implicitly tagged, this
+// too will be reflected in the data field. As this case handles unknown types,
+// the contents are not checked when parsing or serializing.
+//
+// Other values of `type` do not represent a valid ASN.1 value, though
+// default-constructed objects may set `type` to -1. Such objects cannot be
+// serialized.
+//
+// `ASN1_STRING` additionally has the following typedefs: `ASN1_BIT_STRING`,
+// `ASN1_BMPSTRING`, `ASN1_ENUMERATED`, `ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME`,
+// `ASN1_GENERALSTRING`, `ASN1_IA5STRING`, `ASN1_INTEGER`, `ASN1_OCTET_STRING`,
+// `ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING`, `ASN1_T61STRING`, `ASN1_TIME`,
+// `ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING`, `ASN1_UTCTIME`, `ASN1_UTF8STRING`, and
+// `ASN1_VISIBLESTRING`. Other than `ASN1_TIME`, these correspond to universal
+// ASN.1 types. `ASN1_TIME` represents a CHOICE of UTCTime and GeneralizedTime,
+// with a cutoff of 2049, as used in Section 4.1.2.5 of RFC 5280.
+//
+// For clarity, callers are encouraged to use the appropriate typedef when
+// available. They are the same type as `ASN1_STRING`, so a caller may freely
+// pass them into functions expecting `ASN1_STRING`, such as
+// `ASN1_STRING_length`.
+//
+// If a function returns an `ASN1_STRING` where the typedef or ASN.1 structure
+// implies constraints on `type`, callers may assume that `type` is correct.
+// However, if a function takes an `ASN1_STRING` as input, callers must ensure
+// `type` matches. These invariants are not captured by the C type system and
+// may not be checked at runtime. For example, callers may assume the output of
+// `X509_get0_serialNumber` has type `V_ASN1_INTEGER` or `V_ASN1_NEG_INTEGER`.
+// Callers must not pass a string of type `V_ASN1_OCTET_STRING` to
+// `X509_set_serialNumber`. Doing so may break invariants on the `X509` object
+// and break the `X509_get0_serialNumber` invariant.
+//
+// TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/445): This is very unfriendly. Getting the
+// type field wrong should not cause memory errors, but it may do strange
+// things. We should add runtime checks to anything that consumes `ASN1_STRING`s
+// from the caller.
+struct asn1_string_st {
+  int length;
+  int type;
+  unsigned char *data;
+  long flags;
+};
+
+// ASN1_STRING_type_new returns a newly-allocated empty `ASN1_STRING` object of
+// type `type`, or NULL on error.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_STRING *ASN1_STRING_type_new(int type);
+
+// ASN1_STRING_new returns a newly-allocated empty `ASN1_STRING` object with an
+// arbitrary type. Prefer one of the type-specific constructors, such as
+// `ASN1_OCTET_STRING_new`, or `ASN1_STRING_type_new`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_STRING *ASN1_STRING_new(void);
+
+// ASN1_STRING_free releases memory associated with `str`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_STRING_free(ASN1_STRING *str);
+
+// ASN1_STRING_copy sets `dst` to a copy of `str`. It returns one on success and
+// zero on error.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_copy(ASN1_STRING *dst, const ASN1_STRING *str);
+
+// ASN1_STRING_dup returns a newly-allocated copy of `str`, or NULL on error.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_STRING *ASN1_STRING_dup(const ASN1_STRING *str);
+
+// ASN1_STRING_type returns the type of `str`. This value will be one of the
+// `V_ASN1_*` constants.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_type(const ASN1_STRING *str);
+
+// ASN1_STRING_get0_data returns a pointer to `str`'s contents. Callers should
+// use `ASN1_STRING_length` to determine the length of the string. The string
+// may have embedded NUL bytes and may not be NUL-terminated.
+//
+// The contents of an `ASN1_STRING` encode the value in some type-specific
+// representation that does not always correspond to the DER encoding of the
+// type. See the documentation for `ASN1_STRING` for details.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT const unsigned char *ASN1_STRING_get0_data(
+    const ASN1_STRING *str);
+
+// ASN1_STRING_data returns a mutable pointer to `str`'s contents. Callers
+// should use `ASN1_STRING_length` to determine the length of the string. The
+// string may have embedded NUL bytes and may not be NUL-terminated.
+//
+// The contents of an `ASN1_STRING` encode the value in some type-specific
+// representation that does not always correspond to the DER encoding of the
+// type. See the documentation for `ASN1_STRING` for details.
+//
+// Prefer `ASN1_STRING_get0_data`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT unsigned char *ASN1_STRING_data(ASN1_STRING *str);
+
+// ASN1_STRING_length returns the length of `str`, in bytes.
+//
+// The contents of an `ASN1_STRING` encode the value in some type-specific
+// representation that does not always correspond to the DER encoding of the
+// type. See the documentation for `ASN1_STRING` for details.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_length(const ASN1_STRING *str);
+
+// ASN1_STRING_cmp compares `a` and `b`'s type and contents. It returns an
+// integer equal to, less than, or greater than zero if `a` is equal to, less
+// than, or greater than `b`, respectively. This function compares by length,
+// then data, then type. Note the data compared is the `ASN1_STRING` internal
+// representation and the type order is arbitrary. While this comparison is
+// suitable for sorting, callers should not rely on the exact order when `a`
+// and `b` are different types.
+//
+// Note that, if `a` and `b` are INTEGERs, this comparison does not order the
+// values numerically. For a numerical comparison, use `ASN1_INTEGER_cmp`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_cmp(const ASN1_STRING *a, const ASN1_STRING *b);
+
+// ASN1_STRING_set sets the contents of `str` to a copy of `len` bytes from
+// `data`. It returns one on success and zero on error. If `data` is NULL, it
+// updates the length and allocates the buffer as needed, but does not
+// initialize the contents.
+//
+// If `str` is a BIT STRING, this function sets the number of unused bits to
+// zero. `ASN1_BIT_STRING_set1` may be used to set a BIT STRING that is not a
+// whole number of bytes.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_set(ASN1_STRING *str, const void *data,
+                                   ossl_ssize_t len);
+
+// ASN1_STRING_set0 sets the contents of `str` to `len` bytes from `data`. It
+// takes ownership of `data`, which must have been allocated with
+// `OPENSSL_malloc`.
+//
+// If `str` is a BIT STRING, this function sets the number of unused bits to
+// zero. `ASN1_BIT_STRING_set1` may be used to set a BIT STRING that is not a
+// whole number of bytes.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_STRING_set0(ASN1_STRING *str, void *data, int len);
+
+// The following functions call `ASN1_STRING_type_new` with the corresponding
+// `V_ASN1_*` constant.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_BMPSTRING *ASN1_BMPSTRING_new(void);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_GENERALSTRING *ASN1_GENERALSTRING_new(void);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_IA5STRING *ASN1_IA5STRING_new(void);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_OCTET_STRING *ASN1_OCTET_STRING_new(void);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING *ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING_new(void);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_T61STRING *ASN1_T61STRING_new(void);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING *ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING_new(void);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_UTF8STRING *ASN1_UTF8STRING_new(void);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_VISIBLESTRING *ASN1_VISIBLESTRING_new(void);
+
+// The following functions call `ASN1_STRING_free`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_BMPSTRING_free(ASN1_BMPSTRING *str);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_GENERALSTRING_free(ASN1_GENERALSTRING *str);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_IA5STRING_free(ASN1_IA5STRING *str);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_OCTET_STRING_free(ASN1_OCTET_STRING *str);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING_free(ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING *str);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_T61STRING_free(ASN1_T61STRING *str);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING_free(ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING *str);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_UTF8STRING_free(ASN1_UTF8STRING *str);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_VISIBLESTRING_free(ASN1_VISIBLESTRING *str);
+
+// The following functions parse up to `len` bytes from `*inp` as a
+// DER-encoded ASN.1 value of the corresponding type, as described in
+// `d2i_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_BMPSTRING *d2i_ASN1_BMPSTRING(ASN1_BMPSTRING **out,
+                                                  const uint8_t **inp,
+                                                  long len);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_GENERALSTRING *d2i_ASN1_GENERALSTRING(
+    ASN1_GENERALSTRING **out, const uint8_t **inp, long len);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_IA5STRING *d2i_ASN1_IA5STRING(ASN1_IA5STRING **out,
+                                                  const uint8_t **inp,
+                                                  long len);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_OCTET_STRING *d2i_ASN1_OCTET_STRING(ASN1_OCTET_STRING **out,
+                                                        const uint8_t **inp,
+                                                        long len);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING *d2i_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING(
+    ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING **out, const uint8_t **inp, long len);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_T61STRING *d2i_ASN1_T61STRING(ASN1_T61STRING **out,
+                                                  const uint8_t **inp,
+                                                  long len);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING *d2i_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING(
+    ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING **out, const uint8_t **inp, long len);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_UTF8STRING *d2i_ASN1_UTF8STRING(ASN1_UTF8STRING **out,
+                                                    const uint8_t **inp,
+                                                    long len);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_VISIBLESTRING *d2i_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING(
+    ASN1_VISIBLESTRING **out, const uint8_t **inp, long len);
+
+// The following functions marshal `in` as a DER-encoded ASN.1 value of the
+// corresponding type, as described in `i2d_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_BMPSTRING(const ASN1_BMPSTRING *in, uint8_t **outp);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_GENERALSTRING(const ASN1_GENERALSTRING *in,
+                                          uint8_t **outp);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_IA5STRING(const ASN1_IA5STRING *in, uint8_t **outp);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_OCTET_STRING(const ASN1_OCTET_STRING *in,
+                                         uint8_t **outp);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING(const ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING *in,
+                                            uint8_t **outp);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_T61STRING(const ASN1_T61STRING *in, uint8_t **outp);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING(const ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING *in,
+                                            uint8_t **outp);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_UTF8STRING(const ASN1_UTF8STRING *in,
+                                       uint8_t **outp);
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING(const ASN1_VISIBLESTRING *in,
+                                          uint8_t **outp);
+
+// The following `ASN1_ITEM`s have the ASN.1 type referred to in their name and
+// C type `ASN1_STRING*`. The C type may also be written as the corresponding
+// typedef.
+DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_BMPSTRING)
+DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_GENERALSTRING)
+DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_IA5STRING)
+DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_OCTET_STRING)
+DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING)
+DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_T61STRING)
+DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING)
+DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_UTF8STRING)
+DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_VISIBLESTRING)
+
+// ASN1_OCTET_STRING_dup calls `ASN1_STRING_dup`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_OCTET_STRING *ASN1_OCTET_STRING_dup(
+    const ASN1_OCTET_STRING *a);
+
+// ASN1_OCTET_STRING_cmp calls `ASN1_STRING_cmp`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_OCTET_STRING_cmp(const ASN1_OCTET_STRING *a,
+                                         const ASN1_OCTET_STRING *b);
+
+// ASN1_OCTET_STRING_set calls `ASN1_STRING_set`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_OCTET_STRING_set(ASN1_OCTET_STRING *str,
+                                         const unsigned char *data, int len);
+
+// ASN1_STRING_to_UTF8 converts `in` to UTF-8. On success, sets `*out` to a
+// newly-allocated buffer containing the resulting string and returns the length
+// of the string. The caller must call `OPENSSL_free` to release `*out` when
+// done. On error, it returns a negative number.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_to_UTF8(unsigned char **out,
+                                       const ASN1_STRING *in);
+
+// The following formats define encodings for use with functions like
+// `ASN1_mbstring_copy`. Note `MBSTRING_ASC` refers to Latin-1, not ASCII.
+#define MBSTRING_FLAG 0x1000
+#define MBSTRING_UTF8 (MBSTRING_FLAG)
+#define MBSTRING_ASC (MBSTRING_FLAG | 1)
+#define MBSTRING_BMP (MBSTRING_FLAG | 2)
+#define MBSTRING_UNIV (MBSTRING_FLAG | 4)
+
+// DIRSTRING_TYPE contains the valid string types in an X.509 DirectoryString.
+#define DIRSTRING_TYPE                                            \
+  (B_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING | B_ASN1_T61STRING | B_ASN1_BMPSTRING | \
+   B_ASN1_UTF8STRING)
+
+// PKCS9STRING_TYPE contains the valid string types in a PKCS9String.
+#define PKCS9STRING_TYPE (DIRSTRING_TYPE | B_ASN1_IA5STRING)
+
+// ASN1_mbstring_copy converts `len` bytes from `in` to an ASN.1 string. If
+// `len` is -1, `in` must be NUL-terminated and the length is determined by
+// `strlen`. `in` is decoded according to `inform`, which must be one of
+// `MBSTRING_*`. `mask` determines the set of valid output types and is a
+// bitmask containing a subset of `B_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING`, `B_ASN1_IA5STRING`,
+// `B_ASN1_T61STRING`, `B_ASN1_BMPSTRING`, `B_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING`, and
+// `B_ASN1_UTF8STRING`, in that preference order. This function chooses the
+// first output type in `mask` which can represent `in`. It interprets T61String
+// as Latin-1, rather than T.61.
+//
+// If `mask` is zero, `DIRSTRING_TYPE` is used by default.
+//
+// On success, this function returns the `V_ASN1_*` constant corresponding to
+// the selected output type and, if `out` and `*out` are both non-NULL, updates
+// the object at `*out` with the result. If `out` is non-NULL and `*out` is
+// NULL, it instead sets `*out` to a newly-allocated `ASN1_STRING` containing
+// the result. If `out` is NULL, it returns the selected output type without
+// constructing an `ASN1_STRING`. On error, this function returns -1.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_mbstring_copy(ASN1_STRING **out, const uint8_t *in,
+                                      ossl_ssize_t len, int inform,
+                                      unsigned long mask);
+
+// ASN1_mbstring_ncopy behaves like `ASN1_mbstring_copy` but returns an error if
+// the input is less than `minsize` or greater than `maxsize` codepoints long. A
+// `maxsize` value of zero is ignored. Note the sizes are measured in
+// codepoints, not output bytes.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_mbstring_ncopy(ASN1_STRING **out, const uint8_t *in,
+                                       ossl_ssize_t len, int inform,
+                                       unsigned long mask, ossl_ssize_t minsize,
+                                       ossl_ssize_t maxsize);
+
+// ASN1_STRING_set_by_NID behaves like `ASN1_mbstring_ncopy`, but determines
+// `mask`, `minsize`, and `maxsize` based on `nid`. When `nid` is a recognized
+// X.509 attribute type, it will pick a suitable ASN.1 string type and bounds.
+// For most attribute types, it preferentially chooses UTF8String. If `nid` is
+// unrecognized, it uses UTF8String by default. This function will also enforce
+// any known attribute-specific constraints on the sizes of the string and fail
+// if the size is invalid. In RFC 5280, these bounds are specified by
+// constraints like "SIZE (1..ub-common-name)" in ASN.1.
+//
+// Slightly unlike `ASN1_mbstring_ncopy`, this function interprets `out` and
+// returns its result as follows: If `out` is NULL, it returns a newly-allocated
+// `ASN1_STRING` containing the result. If `out` is non-NULL and
+// `*out` is NULL, it additionally sets `*out` to the result. If both `out` and
+// `*out` are non-NULL, it instead updates the object at `*out` and returns
+// `*out`. In all cases, it returns NULL on error.
+//
+// This function supports the following NIDs: `NID_countryName`,
+// `NID_dnQualifier`, `NID_domainComponent`, `NID_friendlyName`,
+// `NID_givenName`, `NID_initials`, `NID_localityName`, `NID_ms_csp_name`,
+// `NID_name`, `NID_organizationalUnitName`, `NID_organizationName`,
+// `NID_pkcs9_challengePassword`, `NID_pkcs9_emailAddress`,
+// `NID_pkcs9_unstructuredAddress`, `NID_pkcs9_unstructuredName`,
+// `NID_serialNumber`, `NID_stateOrProvinceName`, and `NID_surname`. Additional
+// NIDs may be registered with `ASN1_STRING_set_by_NID`, but it is recommended
+// to call `ASN1_mbstring_ncopy` directly instead.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_STRING *ASN1_STRING_set_by_NID(ASN1_STRING **out,
+                                                   const unsigned char *in,
+                                                   ossl_ssize_t len, int inform,
+                                                   int nid);
+
+// STABLE_NO_MASK causes `ASN1_STRING_TABLE_add` to allow types other than
+// UTF8String.
+#define STABLE_NO_MASK 0x02
+
+// ASN1_STRING_TABLE_add registers the corresponding parameters with `nid`, for
+// use with `ASN1_STRING_set_by_NID`. It returns one on success and zero on
+// error. It is an error to call this function if `nid` is a built-in NID, or
+// was already registered by a previous call.
+//
+// WARNING: This function affects global state in the library. If two libraries
+// in the same address space register information for the same OID, one call
+// will fail. Prefer directly passing the desired parameters to
+// `ASN1_mbstring_copy` or `ASN1_mbstring_ncopy` instead.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_TABLE_add(int nid, long minsize, long maxsize,
+                                         unsigned long mask,
+                                         unsigned long flags);
+
+
+// Multi-strings.
+//
+// A multi-string, or "MSTRING", is an `ASN1_STRING` that represents a CHOICE of
+// several string or string-like types, such as X.509's DirectoryString. The
+// `ASN1_STRING`'s type field determines which type is used.
+//
+// Multi-string types are associated with a bitmask, using the `B_ASN1_*`
+// constants, which defines which types are valid.
+
+// B_ASN1_DIRECTORYSTRING is a bitmask of types allowed in an X.509
+// DirectoryString (RFC 5280).
+#define B_ASN1_DIRECTORYSTRING                                        \
+  (B_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING | B_ASN1_TELETEXSTRING | B_ASN1_BMPSTRING | \
+   B_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING | B_ASN1_UTF8STRING)
+
+// DIRECTORYSTRING_new returns a newly-allocated `ASN1_STRING` with type -1, or
+// NULL on error. The resulting `ASN1_STRING` is not a valid X.509
+// DirectoryString until initialized with a value.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_STRING *DIRECTORYSTRING_new(void);
+
+// DIRECTORYSTRING_free calls `ASN1_STRING_free`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void DIRECTORYSTRING_free(ASN1_STRING *str);
+
+// d2i_DIRECTORYSTRING parses up to `len` bytes from `*inp` as a DER-encoded
+// X.509 DirectoryString (RFC 5280), as described in `d2i_SAMPLE`.
+//
+// TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/354): This function currently also accepts
+// BER, but this will be removed in the future.
+//
+// TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/449): DirectoryString's non-empty string
+// requirement is not currently enforced.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_STRING *d2i_DIRECTORYSTRING(ASN1_STRING **out,
+                                                const uint8_t **inp, long len);
+
+// i2d_DIRECTORYSTRING marshals `in` as a DER-encoded X.509 DirectoryString (RFC
+// 5280), as described in `i2d_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_DIRECTORYSTRING(const ASN1_STRING *in, uint8_t **outp);
+
+// B_ASN1_DISPLAYTEXT is a bitmask of types allowed in an X.509 DisplayText (RFC
+// 5280).
+#define B_ASN1_DISPLAYTEXT                                      \
+  (B_ASN1_IA5STRING | B_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING | B_ASN1_BMPSTRING | \
+   B_ASN1_UTF8STRING)
+
+// DISPLAYTEXT_new returns a newly-allocated `ASN1_STRING` with type -1, or NULL
+// on error. The resulting `ASN1_STRING` is not a valid X.509 DisplayText until
+// initialized with a value.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_STRING *DISPLAYTEXT_new(void);
+
+// DISPLAYTEXT_free calls `ASN1_STRING_free`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void DISPLAYTEXT_free(ASN1_STRING *str);
+
+// d2i_DISPLAYTEXT parses up to `len` bytes from `*inp` as a DER-encoded X.509
+// DisplayText (RFC 5280), as described in `d2i_SAMPLE`.
+//
+// TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/354): This function currently also accepts
+// BER, but this will be removed in the future.
+//
+// TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/449): DisplayText's size limits are not
+// currently enforced.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_STRING *d2i_DISPLAYTEXT(ASN1_STRING **out,
+                                            const uint8_t **inp, long len);
+
+// i2d_DISPLAYTEXT marshals `in` as a DER-encoded X.509 DisplayText (RFC 5280),
+// as described in `i2d_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_DISPLAYTEXT(const ASN1_STRING *in, uint8_t **outp);
+
+
+// Bit strings.
+//
+// An ASN.1 BIT STRING type represents a string of bits. The string may not
+// necessarily be a whole number of bytes. BIT STRINGs occur in ASN.1 structures
+// in several forms:
+//
+// Some BIT STRINGs represent a bitmask of named bits, such as the X.509 key
+// usage extension in RFC 5280, section 4.2.1.3. For such bit strings, DER
+// imposes an additional restriction that trailing zero bits are removed. Some
+// functions like `ASN1_BIT_STRING_set_bit` help in maintaining this.
+//
+// Other BIT STRINGs are arbitrary strings of bits used as identifiers and do
+// not have this constraint, such as the X.509 issuerUniqueID field.
+//
+// Finally, some structures use BIT STRINGs as a container for byte strings. For
+// example, the signatureValue field in X.509 and the subjectPublicKey field in
+// SubjectPublicKeyInfo are defined as BIT STRINGs with a value specific to the
+// AlgorithmIdentifier. While some unknown algorithm could choose to store
+// arbitrary bit strings, all supported algorithms use a byte string, with bit
+// order matching the DER encoding. Callers interpreting a BIT STRING as a byte
+// string should reject bit strings that are not a whole number of bytes by
+// requiring that `ASN1_BIT_STRING_unused_bits` returns zero; the byte length is
+// returned by `ASN1_STRING_length`.
+//
+// This library represents BIT STRINGs as `ASN1_STRING`s with type
+// `V_ASN1_BIT_STRING`. The data contains the encoded form of the BIT STRING,
+// including any padding bits added to round to a whole number of bytes, but
+// excluding the leading byte containing the number of padding bits. Instead,
+// the bottom three bits of `flags` contain the number of padding bits. For
+// example, DER encodes the BIT STRING {1, 0} as {0x06, 0x80 = 0b10_000000}. The
+// `ASN1_STRING` representation has data of {0x80} and flags of 6.
+
+// ASN1_BIT_STRING_new calls `ASN1_STRING_type_new` with `V_ASN1_BIT_STRING`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_BIT_STRING *ASN1_BIT_STRING_new(void);
+
+// ASN1_BIT_STRING_free calls `ASN1_STRING_free`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_BIT_STRING_free(ASN1_BIT_STRING *str);
+
+// d2i_ASN1_BIT_STRING parses up to `len` bytes from `*inp` as a DER-encoded
+// ASN.1 BIT STRING, as described in `d2i_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_BIT_STRING *d2i_ASN1_BIT_STRING(ASN1_BIT_STRING **out,
+                                                    const uint8_t **inp,
+                                                    long len);
+
+// i2d_ASN1_BIT_STRING marshals `in` as a DER-encoded ASN.1 BIT STRING, as
+// described in `i2d_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_BIT_STRING(const ASN1_BIT_STRING *in,
+                                       uint8_t **outp);
+
+// c2i_ASN1_BIT_STRING decodes `len` bytes from `*inp` as the contents of a
+// DER-encoded BIT STRING, excluding the tag and length. It behaves like
+// `d2i_SAMPLE` except, on success, it always consumes all `len` bytes.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_BIT_STRING *c2i_ASN1_BIT_STRING(ASN1_BIT_STRING **out,
+                                                    const uint8_t **inp,
+                                                    long len);
+
+// i2c_ASN1_BIT_STRING encodes `in` as the contents of a DER-encoded BIT STRING,
+// excluding the tag and length. If `outp` is non-NULL, it writes the result to
+// `*outp`, advances `*outp` just past the output, and returns the number of
+// bytes written. `*outp` must have space available for the result. If `outp` is
+// NULL, it returns the number of bytes without writing anything. On error, it
+// returns a value <= 0.
+//
+// Note this function differs slightly from `i2d_SAMPLE`. If `outp` is non-NULL
+// and `*outp` is NULL, it does not allocate a new buffer.
+//
+// TODO(davidben): This function currently returns zero on error instead of -1,
+// but it is also mostly infallible. I've currently documented <= 0 to suggest
+// callers work with both.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2c_ASN1_BIT_STRING(const ASN1_BIT_STRING *in,
+                                       uint8_t **outp);
+
+// ASN1_BIT_STRING is an `ASN1_ITEM` with ASN.1 type BIT STRING and C type
+// `ASN1_BIT_STRING*`.
+DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_BIT_STRING)
+
+// ASN1_BIT_STRING_unused_bits returns the number of unused bits in the last
+// byte of `str`. If `str` is empty (i.e. `ASN1_STRING_length` is zero), this
+// always returns zero. Otherwise it returns a number between 0 and 7.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT uint8_t ASN1_BIT_STRING_unused_bits(const ASN1_BIT_STRING *str);
+
+// ASN1_BIT_STRING_set calls `ASN1_STRING_set`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_BIT_STRING_set(ASN1_BIT_STRING *str,
+                                       const uint8_t *data,
+                                       ossl_ssize_t length);
+
+// ASN1_BIT_STRING_set1 sets `str` to a BIT STRING containing `length` bytes
+// from `data`. It returns one on success and zero on error. The least
+// significant `unused_bits` of the last byte of `data` are removed from the bit
+// string. The removed bits must all be zero. `unused_bits` must be between 0
+// and 7, and must be 0 if `length` is zero.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_BIT_STRING_set1(ASN1_BIT_STRING *str,
+                                        const uint8_t *data, size_t length,
+                                        int unused_bits);
+
+// ASN1_BIT_STRING_set_bit sets bit `n` of `str` to one if `value` is non-zero
+// and zero if `value` is zero, resizing `str` as needed. It then truncates
+// trailing zeros in `str` to align with the DER representation for a bit string
+// with named bits. It returns one on success and zero on error. `n` is indexed
+// beginning from zero.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_BIT_STRING_set_bit(ASN1_BIT_STRING *str, int n,
+                                           int value);
+
+// ASN1_BIT_STRING_get_bit returns one if bit `n` of `a` is in bounds and set,
+// and zero otherwise. `n` is indexed beginning from zero.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_BIT_STRING_get_bit(const ASN1_BIT_STRING *str, int n);
+
+// ASN1_BIT_STRING_check returns one if `str` only contains bits that are set in
+// the `flags_len` bytes pointed by `flags`. Otherwise it returns zero. Bits in
+// `flags` are arranged according to the DER representation, so bit 0
+// corresponds to the MSB of `flags[0]`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_BIT_STRING_check(const ASN1_BIT_STRING *str,
+                                         const unsigned char *flags,
+                                         int flags_len);
+
+
+// Integers and enumerated values.
+//
+// INTEGER and ENUMERATED values are represented as `ASN1_STRING`s where the
+// data contains the big-endian encoding of the absolute value of the integer.
+// The sign bit is encoded in the type: non-negative values have a type of
+// `V_ASN1_INTEGER` or `V_ASN1_ENUMERATED`, while negative values have a type of
+// `V_ASN1_NEG_INTEGER` or `V_ASN1_NEG_ENUMERATED`. Note this differs from DER's
+// two's complement representation.
+//
+// The data in the `ASN1_STRING` may not have leading zeros. Note this means
+// zero is represented as the empty string. Parsing functions will never return
+// invalid representations. If an invalid input is constructed, the marshaling
+// functions will skip leading zeros, however other functions, such as
+// `ASN1_INTEGER_cmp` or `ASN1_INTEGER_get`, may not return the correct result.
+
+DEFINE_STACK_OF(ASN1_INTEGER)
+
+// ASN1_INTEGER_new calls `ASN1_STRING_type_new` with `V_ASN1_INTEGER`. The
+// resulting object has value zero.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_INTEGER *ASN1_INTEGER_new(void);
+
+// ASN1_INTEGER_free calls `ASN1_STRING_free`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_INTEGER_free(ASN1_INTEGER *str);
+
+// ASN1_INTEGER_dup calls `ASN1_STRING_dup`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_INTEGER *ASN1_INTEGER_dup(const ASN1_INTEGER *x);
+
+// d2i_ASN1_INTEGER parses up to `len` bytes from `*inp` as a DER-encoded
+// ASN.1 INTEGER, as described in `d2i_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_INTEGER *d2i_ASN1_INTEGER(ASN1_INTEGER **out,
+                                              const uint8_t **inp, long len);
+
+// i2d_ASN1_INTEGER marshals `in` as a DER-encoded ASN.1 INTEGER, as
+// described in `i2d_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_INTEGER(const ASN1_INTEGER *in, uint8_t **outp);
+
+// c2i_ASN1_INTEGER decodes `len` bytes from `*inp` as the contents of a
+// DER-encoded INTEGER, excluding the tag and length. It behaves like
+// `d2i_SAMPLE` except, on success, it always consumes all `len` bytes.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_INTEGER *c2i_ASN1_INTEGER(ASN1_INTEGER **in,
+                                              const uint8_t **outp, long len);
+
+// i2c_ASN1_INTEGER encodes `in` as the contents of a DER-encoded INTEGER,
+// excluding the tag and length. If `outp` is non-NULL, it writes the result to
+// `*outp`, advances `*outp` just past the output, and returns the number of
+// bytes written. `*outp` must have space available for the result. If `outp` is
+// NULL, it returns the number of bytes without writing anything. On error, it
+// returns a value <= 0.
+//
+// Note this function differs slightly from `i2d_SAMPLE`. If `outp` is non-NULL
+// and `*outp` is NULL, it does not allocate a new buffer.
+//
+// TODO(davidben): This function currently returns zero on error instead of -1,
+// but it is also mostly infallible. I've currently documented <= 0 to suggest
+// callers work with both.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2c_ASN1_INTEGER(const ASN1_INTEGER *in, uint8_t **outp);
+
+// ASN1_INTEGER is an `ASN1_ITEM` with ASN.1 type INTEGER and C type
+// `ASN1_INTEGER*`.
+DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_INTEGER)
+
+// ASN1_INTEGER_set_uint64 sets `a` to an INTEGER with value `v`. It returns one
+// on success and zero on error.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_INTEGER_set_uint64(ASN1_INTEGER *out, uint64_t v);
+
+// ASN1_INTEGER_set_int64 sets `a` to an INTEGER with value `v`. It returns one
+// on success and zero on error.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_INTEGER_set_int64(ASN1_INTEGER *out, int64_t v);
+
+// ASN1_INTEGER_get_uint64 converts `a` to a `uint64_t`. On success, it returns
+// one and sets `*out` to the result. If `a` did not fit or has the wrong type,
+// it returns zero.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_INTEGER_get_uint64(uint64_t *out,
+                                           const ASN1_INTEGER *a);
+
+// ASN1_INTEGER_get_int64 converts `a` to a `int64_t`. On success, it returns
+// one and sets `*out` to the result. If `a` did not fit or has the wrong type,
+// it returns zero.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_INTEGER_get_int64(int64_t *out, const ASN1_INTEGER *a);
+
+// BN_to_ASN1_INTEGER sets `ai` to an INTEGER with value `bn` and returns `ai`
+// on success or NULL or error. If `ai` is NULL, it returns a newly-allocated
+// `ASN1_INTEGER` on success instead, which the caller must release with
+// `ASN1_INTEGER_free`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_INTEGER *BN_to_ASN1_INTEGER(const BIGNUM *bn,
+                                                ASN1_INTEGER *ai);
+
+// ASN1_INTEGER_to_BN sets `bn` to the value of `ai` and returns `bn` on success
+// or NULL or error. If `bn` is NULL, it returns a newly-allocated `BIGNUM` on
+// success instead, which the caller must release with `BN_free`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT BIGNUM *ASN1_INTEGER_to_BN(const ASN1_INTEGER *ai, BIGNUM *bn);
+
+// ASN1_INTEGER_cmp compares the values of `x` and `y`. It returns an integer
+// equal to, less than, or greater than zero if `x` is equal to, less than, or
+// greater than `y`, respectively.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_INTEGER_cmp(const ASN1_INTEGER *x,
+                                    const ASN1_INTEGER *y);
+
+// ASN1_ENUMERATED_new calls `ASN1_STRING_type_new` with `V_ASN1_ENUMERATED`.
+// The resulting object has value zero.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_ENUMERATED *ASN1_ENUMERATED_new(void);
+
+// ASN1_ENUMERATED_free calls `ASN1_STRING_free`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_ENUMERATED_free(ASN1_ENUMERATED *str);
+
+// d2i_ASN1_ENUMERATED parses up to `len` bytes from `*inp` as a DER-encoded
+// ASN.1 ENUMERATED, as described in `d2i_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_ENUMERATED *d2i_ASN1_ENUMERATED(ASN1_ENUMERATED **out,
+                                                    const uint8_t **inp,
+                                                    long len);
+
+// i2d_ASN1_ENUMERATED marshals `in` as a DER-encoded ASN.1 ENUMERATED, as
+// described in `i2d_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_ENUMERATED(const ASN1_ENUMERATED *in,
+                                       uint8_t **outp);
+
+// ASN1_ENUMERATED is an `ASN1_ITEM` with ASN.1 type ENUMERATED and C type
+// `ASN1_ENUMERATED*`.
+DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_ENUMERATED)
+
+// ASN1_ENUMERATED_set_uint64 sets `a` to an ENUMERATED with value `v`. It
+// returns one on success and zero on error.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_ENUMERATED_set_uint64(ASN1_ENUMERATED *out, uint64_t v);
+
+// ASN1_ENUMERATED_set_int64 sets `a` to an ENUMERATED with value `v`. It
+// returns one on success and zero on error.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_ENUMERATED_set_int64(ASN1_ENUMERATED *out, int64_t v);
+
+// ASN1_ENUMERATED_get_uint64 converts `a` to a `uint64_t`. On success, it
+// returns one and sets `*out` to the result. If `a` did not fit or has the
+// wrong type, it returns zero.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_ENUMERATED_get_uint64(uint64_t *out,
+                                              const ASN1_ENUMERATED *a);
+
+// ASN1_ENUMERATED_get_int64 converts `a` to a `int64_t`. On success, it
+// returns one and sets `*out` to the result. If `a` did not fit or has the
+// wrong type, it returns zero.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_ENUMERATED_get_int64(int64_t *out,
+                                             const ASN1_ENUMERATED *a);
+
+// BN_to_ASN1_ENUMERATED sets `ai` to an ENUMERATED with value `bn` and returns
+// `ai` on success or NULL or error. If `ai` is NULL, it returns a
+// newly-allocated `ASN1_ENUMERATED` on success instead, which the caller must
+// release with `ASN1_ENUMERATED_free`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_ENUMERATED *BN_to_ASN1_ENUMERATED(const BIGNUM *bn,
+                                                      ASN1_ENUMERATED *ai);
+
+// ASN1_ENUMERATED_to_BN sets `bn` to the value of `ai` and returns `bn` on
+// success or NULL or error. If `bn` is NULL, it returns a newly-allocated
+// `BIGNUM` on success instead, which the caller must release with `BN_free`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT BIGNUM *ASN1_ENUMERATED_to_BN(const ASN1_ENUMERATED *ai,
+                                             BIGNUM *bn);
+
+
+// Time.
+//
+// GeneralizedTime and UTCTime values are represented as `ASN1_STRING`s. The
+// type field is `V_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME` or `V_ASN1_UTCTIME`, respectively. The
+// data field contains the DER encoding of the value. For example, the UNIX
+// epoch would be "19700101000000Z" for a GeneralizedTime and "700101000000Z"
+// for a UTCTime.
+//
+// ASN.1 does not define how to interpret UTCTime's two-digit year. RFC 5280
+// defines it as a range from 1950 to 2049 for X.509. The library uses the
+// RFC 5280 interpretation. It does not currently enforce the restrictions from
+// BER, and the additional restrictions from RFC 5280, but future versions may.
+// Callers should not rely on fractional seconds and non-UTC time zones.
+//
+// The `ASN1_TIME` typedef is a multi-string representing the X.509 Time type,
+// which is a CHOICE of GeneralizedTime and UTCTime, using UTCTime when the
+// value is in range.
+
+// ASN1_UTCTIME_new calls `ASN1_STRING_type_new` with `V_ASN1_UTCTIME`. The
+// resulting object contains empty contents and must be initialized to be a
+// valid UTCTime.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_UTCTIME *ASN1_UTCTIME_new(void);
+
+// ASN1_UTCTIME_free calls `ASN1_STRING_free`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_UTCTIME_free(ASN1_UTCTIME *str);
+
+// d2i_ASN1_UTCTIME parses up to `len` bytes from `*inp` as a DER-encoded
+// ASN.1 UTCTime, as described in `d2i_SAMPLE`.
+//
+// TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/354): This function currently also accepts
+// BER, but this will be removed in the future.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_UTCTIME *d2i_ASN1_UTCTIME(ASN1_UTCTIME **out,
+                                              const uint8_t **inp, long len);
+
+// i2d_ASN1_UTCTIME marshals `in` as a DER-encoded ASN.1 UTCTime, as
+// described in `i2d_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_UTCTIME(const ASN1_UTCTIME *in, uint8_t **outp);
+
+// ASN1_UTCTIME is an `ASN1_ITEM` with ASN.1 type UTCTime and C type
+// `ASN1_UTCTIME*`.
+DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_UTCTIME)
+
+// ASN1_UTCTIME_check returns one if `a` is a valid UTCTime and zero otherwise.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_UTCTIME_check(const ASN1_UTCTIME *a);
+
+// ASN1_UTCTIME_set represents `posix_time` as a UTCTime and writes the result
+// to `s`. It returns `s` on success and NULL on error. If `s` is NULL, it
+// returns a newly-allocated `ASN1_UTCTIME` instead.
+//
+// Note this function may fail if the time is out of range for UTCTime.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_UTCTIME *ASN1_UTCTIME_set(ASN1_UTCTIME *s,
+                                              int64_t posix_time);
+
+// ASN1_UTCTIME_adj adds `offset_day` days and `offset_sec` seconds to
+// `posix_time` and writes the result to `s` as a UTCTime. It returns `s` on
+// success and NULL on error. If `s` is NULL, it returns a newly-allocated
+// `ASN1_UTCTIME` instead.
+//
+// Note this function may fail if the time overflows or is out of range for
+// UTCTime.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_UTCTIME *ASN1_UTCTIME_adj(ASN1_UTCTIME *s,
+                                              int64_t posix_time,
+                                              int offset_day, long offset_sec);
+
+// ASN1_UTCTIME_set_string sets `s` to a UTCTime whose contents are a copy of
+// `str`. It returns one on success and zero on error or if `str` is not a valid
+// UTCTime.
+//
+// If `s` is NULL, this function validates `str` without copying it.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_UTCTIME_set_string(ASN1_UTCTIME *s, const char *str);
+
+// ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_new calls `ASN1_STRING_type_new` with
+// `V_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME`. The resulting object contains empty contents and
+// must be initialized to be a valid GeneralizedTime.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_new(void);
+
+// ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_free calls `ASN1_STRING_free`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_free(ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *str);
+
+// d2i_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME parses up to `len` bytes from `*inp` as a
+// DER-encoded ASN.1 GeneralizedTime, as described in `d2i_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *d2i_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME(
+    ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME **out, const uint8_t **inp, long len);
+
+// i2d_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME marshals `in` as a DER-encoded ASN.1
+// GeneralizedTime, as described in `i2d_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME(const ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *in,
+                                            uint8_t **outp);
+
+// ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME is an `ASN1_ITEM` with ASN.1 type GeneralizedTime and C
+// type `ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME*`.
+DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME)
+
+// ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_check returns one if `a` is a valid GeneralizedTime and
+// zero otherwise.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_check(const ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *a);
+
+// ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_set represents `posix_time` as a GeneralizedTime and
+// writes the result to `s`. It returns `s` on success and NULL on error. If `s`
+// is NULL, it returns a newly-allocated `ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME` instead.
+//
+// Note this function may fail if the time is out of range for GeneralizedTime.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_set(
+    ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *s, int64_t posix_time);
+
+// ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_adj adds `offset_day` days and `offset_sec` seconds to
+// `posix_time` and writes the result to `s` as a GeneralizedTime. It returns
+// `s` on success and NULL on error. If `s` is NULL, it returns a
+// newly-allocated `ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME` instead.
+//
+// Note this function may fail if the time overflows or is out of range for
+// GeneralizedTime.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_adj(
+    ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *s, int64_t posix_time, int offset_day,
+    long offset_sec);
+
+// ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_set_string sets `s` to a GeneralizedTime whose contents
+// are a copy of `str`. It returns one on success and zero on error or if `str`
+// is not a valid GeneralizedTime.
+//
+// If `s` is NULL, this function validates `str` without copying it.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_set_string(ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *s,
+                                                   const char *str);
+
+// B_ASN1_TIME is a bitmask of types allowed in an X.509 Time.
+#define B_ASN1_TIME (B_ASN1_UTCTIME | B_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME)
+
+// ASN1_TIME_new returns a newly-allocated `ASN1_TIME` with type -1, or NULL on
+// error. The resulting `ASN1_TIME` is not a valid X.509 Time until initialized
+// with a value.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_TIME *ASN1_TIME_new(void);
+
+// ASN1_TIME_free releases memory associated with `str`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_TIME_free(ASN1_TIME *str);
+
+// d2i_ASN1_TIME parses up to `len` bytes from `*inp` as a DER-encoded X.509
+// Time (RFC 5280), as described in `d2i_SAMPLE`.
+//
+// TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/354): This function currently also accepts
+// BER, but this will be removed in the future.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_TIME *d2i_ASN1_TIME(ASN1_TIME **out, const uint8_t **inp,
+                                        long len);
+
+// i2d_ASN1_TIME marshals `in` as a DER-encoded X.509 Time (RFC 5280), as
+// described in `i2d_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_TIME(const ASN1_TIME *in, uint8_t **outp);
+
+// ASN1_TIME_diff computes `to` - `from`. On success, it sets `*out_days` to the
+// difference in days, rounded towards zero, sets `*out_seconds` to the
+// remainder, and returns one. On error, it returns zero.
+//
+// If `from` is before `to`, both outputs will be <= 0, with at least one
+// negative. If `from` is after `to`, both will be >= 0, with at least one
+// positive. If they are equal, ignoring fractional seconds, both will be zero.
+//
+// Note this function may fail on overflow, or if `from` or `to` cannot be
+// decoded.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TIME_diff(int *out_days, int *out_seconds,
+                                  const ASN1_TIME *from, const ASN1_TIME *to);
+
+// ASN1_TIME_set_posix represents `posix_time` as a GeneralizedTime or UTCTime
+// and writes the result to `s`. As in RFC 5280, section 4.1.2.5, it uses
+// UTCTime when the time fits and GeneralizedTime otherwise. It returns `s` on
+// success and NULL on error. If `s` is NULL, it returns a newly-allocated
+// `ASN1_TIME` instead.
+//
+// Note this function may fail if the time is out of range for GeneralizedTime.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_TIME *ASN1_TIME_set_posix(ASN1_TIME *s, int64_t posix_time);
+
+// ASN1_TIME_set is exactly the same as `ASN1_TIME_set_posix` but with a
+// time_t as input for compatibility.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_TIME *ASN1_TIME_set(ASN1_TIME *s, time_t time);
+
+// ASN1_TIME_adj adds `offset_day` days and `offset_sec` seconds to
+// `posix_time` and writes the result to `s`. As in RFC 5280, section 4.1.2.5,
+// it uses UTCTime when the time fits and GeneralizedTime otherwise. It returns
+// `s` on success and NULL on error. If `s` is NULL, it returns a
+// newly-allocated `ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME` instead.
+//
+// Note this function may fail if the time overflows or is out of range for
+// GeneralizedTime.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_TIME *ASN1_TIME_adj(ASN1_TIME *s, int64_t posix_time,
+                                        int offset_day, long offset_sec);
+
+// ASN1_TIME_check returns one if `t` is a valid UTCTime or GeneralizedTime, and
+// zero otherwise. `t`'s type determines which check is performed. This
+// function does not enforce that UTCTime was used when possible.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TIME_check(const ASN1_TIME *t);
+
+// ASN1_TIME_to_generalizedtime converts `t` to a GeneralizedTime. If `out` is
+// NULL, it returns a newly-allocated `ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME` on success, or NULL
+// on error. If `out` is non-NULL and `*out` is NULL, it additionally sets
+// `*out` to the result. If `out` and `*out` are non-NULL, it instead updates
+// the object pointed by `*out` and returns `*out` on success or NULL on error.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *ASN1_TIME_to_generalizedtime(
+    const ASN1_TIME *t, ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME **out);
+
+// ASN1_TIME_set_string behaves like `ASN1_UTCTIME_set_string` if `str` is a
+// valid UTCTime, and `ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_set_string` if `str` is a valid
+// GeneralizedTime. If `str` is neither, it returns zero.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TIME_set_string(ASN1_TIME *s, const char *str);
+
+// ASN1_TIME_set_string_X509 behaves like `ASN1_TIME_set_string` except it
+// additionally converts GeneralizedTime to UTCTime if it is in the range where
+// UTCTime is used. See RFC 5280, section 4.1.2.5.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TIME_set_string_X509(ASN1_TIME *s, const char *str);
+
+// ASN1_TIME_to_time_t converts `t` to a time_t value in `out`. On
+// success, one is returned. On failure, zero is returned. This function
+// will fail if the time can not be represented in a time_t.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TIME_to_time_t(const ASN1_TIME *t, time_t *out);
+
+// ASN1_TIME_to_posix converts `t` to a POSIX time value in `out`. On
+// success, one is returned. On failure, zero is returned.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TIME_to_posix(const ASN1_TIME *t, int64_t *out);
+
+// ASN1_TIME_to_posix_nonstandard converts `t` to a POSIX time value in
+// `out`. It is exactly the same as `ASN1_TIME_to_posix` but allows for
+// non-standard four-digit timezone offsets on UTC times. On success, one is
+// returned. On failure, zero is returned. `ASN1_TIME_to_posix` should normally
+// be used instead of this function.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TIME_to_posix_nonstandard(const ASN1_TIME *t,
+                                                  int64_t *out);
+
+// TODO(davidben): Expand and document function prototypes generated in macros.
+
+
+// NULL values.
+//
+// This library represents the ASN.1 NULL value by a non-NULL pointer to the
+// opaque type `ASN1_NULL`. An omitted OPTIONAL ASN.1 NULL value is a NULL
+// pointer. Unlike other pointer types, it is not necessary to free `ASN1_NULL`
+// pointers, but it is safe to do so.
+
+// ASN1_NULL_new returns an opaque, non-NULL pointer. It is safe to call
+// `ASN1_NULL_free` on the result, but not necessary.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_NULL *ASN1_NULL_new(void);
+
+// ASN1_NULL_free does nothing.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_NULL_free(ASN1_NULL *null);
+
+// d2i_ASN1_NULL parses a DER-encoded ASN.1 NULL value from up to `len` bytes
+// at `*inp`, as described in `d2i_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_NULL *d2i_ASN1_NULL(ASN1_NULL **out, const uint8_t **inp,
+                                        long len);
+
+// i2d_ASN1_NULL marshals `in` as a DER-encoded ASN.1 NULL value, as described
+// in `i2d_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_NULL(const ASN1_NULL *in, uint8_t **outp);
+
+// ASN1_NULL is an `ASN1_ITEM` with ASN.1 type NULL and C type `ASN1_NULL*`.
+DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_NULL)
+
+
+// Object identifiers.
+//
+// An `ASN1_OBJECT` represents an ASN.1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER. See also obj.h for
+// additional functions relating to `ASN1_OBJECT`.
+//
+// TODO(davidben): What's the relationship between asn1.h and obj.h? Most of
+// obj.h deals with the large NID table, but then functions like `OBJ_get0_data`
+// or `OBJ_dup` are general `ASN1_OBJECT` functions.
+
+DEFINE_STACK_OF(ASN1_OBJECT)
+
+// ASN1_OBJECT_create returns a newly-allocated `ASN1_OBJECT` with `len` bytes
+// from `data` as the encoded OID, or NULL on error. `data` should contain the
+// DER-encoded identifier, excluding the tag and length.
+//
+// `nid` should be `NID_undef`. Passing a NID value that does not match `data`
+// will cause some functions to misbehave. `sn` and `ln` should be NULL. If
+// non-NULL, they are stored as short and long names, respectively, but these
+// values have no effect for `ASN1_OBJECT`s created through this function.
+//
+// TODO(davidben): Should we just ignore all those parameters? NIDs and names
+// are only relevant for `ASN1_OBJECT`s in the obj.h table.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_OBJECT *ASN1_OBJECT_create(int nid, const uint8_t *data,
+                                               size_t len, const char *sn,
+                                               const char *ln);
+
+// ASN1_OBJECT_free releases memory associated with `a`. If `a` is a static
+// `ASN1_OBJECT`, returned from `OBJ_nid2obj`, this function does nothing.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_OBJECT_free(ASN1_OBJECT *a);
+
+// d2i_ASN1_OBJECT parses a DER-encoded ASN.1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER from up to `len`
+// bytes at `*inp`, as described in `d2i_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_OBJECT *d2i_ASN1_OBJECT(ASN1_OBJECT **out,
+                                            const uint8_t **inp, long len);
+
+// i2d_ASN1_OBJECT marshals `in` as a DER-encoded ASN.1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER, as
+// described in `i2d_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_OBJECT(const ASN1_OBJECT *in, uint8_t **outp);
+
+// c2i_ASN1_OBJECT decodes `len` bytes from `*inp` as the contents of a
+// DER-encoded OBJECT IDENTIFIER, excluding the tag and length. It behaves like
+// `d2i_SAMPLE` except, on success, it always consumes all `len` bytes.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_OBJECT *c2i_ASN1_OBJECT(ASN1_OBJECT **out,
+                                            const uint8_t **inp, long len);
+
+// ASN1_OBJECT is an `ASN1_ITEM` with ASN.1 type OBJECT IDENTIFIER and C type
+// `ASN1_OBJECT*`.
+DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_OBJECT)
+
+
+// Arbitrary elements.
+
+// An asn1_type_st (aka `ASN1_TYPE`) represents an arbitrary ASN.1 element,
+// typically used for ANY types. It contains a `type` field and a `value` union
+// dependent on `type`.
+//
+// WARNING: This struct has a complex representation. Callers must not construct
+// `ASN1_TYPE` values manually. Use `ASN1_TYPE_set` and `ASN1_TYPE_set1`
+// instead. Additionally, callers performing non-trivial operations on this type
+// are encouraged to use `CBS` and `CBB` from <openssl/bytestring.h>, and
+// convert to or from `ASN1_TYPE` with `d2i_ASN1_TYPE` or `i2d_ASN1_TYPE`.
+//
+// The `type` field corresponds to the tag of the ASN.1 element being
+// represented:
+//
+// If `type` is a `V_ASN1_*` constant for an ASN.1 string-like type, as defined
+// by `ASN1_STRING`, the tag matches the constant. `value` contains an
+// `ASN1_STRING` pointer (equivalently, one of the more specific typedefs). See
+// `ASN1_STRING` for details on the representation. Unlike `ASN1_STRING`,
+// `ASN1_TYPE` does not use the `V_ASN1_NEG` flag for negative INTEGER and
+// ENUMERATE values. For a negative value, the `ASN1_TYPE`'s `type` will be
+// `V_ASN1_INTEGER` or `V_ASN1_ENUMERATED`, but `value` will an `ASN1_STRING`
+// whose `type` is `V_ASN1_NEG_INTEGER` or `V_ASN1_NEG_ENUMERATED`.
+//
+// If `type` is `V_ASN1_OBJECT`, the tag is OBJECT IDENTIFIER and `value`
+// contains an `ASN1_OBJECT` pointer.
+//
+// If `type` is `V_ASN1_NULL`, the tag is NULL. `value` contains a NULL pointer.
+//
+// If `type` is `V_ASN1_BOOLEAN`, the tag is BOOLEAN. `value` contains an
+// `ASN1_BOOLEAN`.
+//
+// If `type` is `V_ASN1_SEQUENCE`, `V_ASN1_SET`, or `V_ASN1_OTHER`, the tag is
+// SEQUENCE, SET, or some arbitrary tag, respectively. `value` uses the
+// corresponding `ASN1_STRING` representation. Although any type may be
+// represented in `V_ASN1_OTHER`, the parser will always return the more
+// specific encoding when available.
+//
+// Other values of `type` do not represent a valid ASN.1 value, though
+// default-constructed objects may set `type` to -1. Such objects cannot be
+// serialized.
+struct asn1_type_st {
+  int type;
+  union {
+    char *ptr;
+    ASN1_BOOLEAN boolean;
+    ASN1_STRING *asn1_string;
+    ASN1_OBJECT *object;
+    ASN1_INTEGER *integer;
+    ASN1_ENUMERATED *enumerated;
+    ASN1_BIT_STRING *bit_string;
+    ASN1_OCTET_STRING *octet_string;
+    ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING *printablestring;
+    ASN1_T61STRING *t61string;
+    ASN1_IA5STRING *ia5string;
+    ASN1_GENERALSTRING *generalstring;
+    ASN1_BMPSTRING *bmpstring;
+    ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING *universalstring;
+    ASN1_UTCTIME *utctime;
+    ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *generalizedtime;
+    ASN1_VISIBLESTRING *visiblestring;
+    ASN1_UTF8STRING *utf8string;
+    // set and sequence are left complete and still contain the entire element.
+    ASN1_STRING *set;
+    ASN1_STRING *sequence;
+    ASN1_VALUE *asn1_value;
+  } value;
+};
+
+DEFINE_STACK_OF(ASN1_TYPE)
+
+// ASN1_TYPE_new returns a newly-allocated `ASN1_TYPE`, or NULL on allocation
+// failure. The resulting object has type -1 and must be initialized to be
+// a valid ANY value.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_TYPE *ASN1_TYPE_new(void);
+
+// ASN1_TYPE_free releases memory associated with `a`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_TYPE_free(ASN1_TYPE *a);
+
+// d2i_ASN1_TYPE parses up to `len` bytes from `*inp` as an ASN.1 value of any
+// type, as described in `d2i_SAMPLE`. Note this function only validates
+// primitive, universal types supported by this library. Values of type
+// `V_ASN1_SEQUENCE`, `V_ASN1_SET`, `V_ASN1_OTHER`, or an unsupported primitive
+// type must be validated by the caller when interpreting.
+//
+// TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/354): This function currently also accepts
+// BER, but this will be removed in the future.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_TYPE *d2i_ASN1_TYPE(ASN1_TYPE **out, const uint8_t **inp,
+                                        long len);
+
+// i2d_ASN1_TYPE marshals `in` as DER, as described in `i2d_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_TYPE(const ASN1_TYPE *in, uint8_t **outp);
+
+// ASN1_ANY is an `ASN1_ITEM` with ASN.1 type ANY and C type `ASN1_TYPE*`. Note
+// the `ASN1_ITEM` name and C type do not match.
+DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(ASN1_ANY)
+
+// ASN1_TYPE_get returns the type of `a`, which will be one of the `V_ASN1_*`
+// constants, or zero if `a` is not fully initialized.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TYPE_get(const ASN1_TYPE *a);
+
+// ASN1_TYPE_set sets `a` to an `ASN1_TYPE` of type `type` and value `value`,
+// releasing the previous contents of `a`.
+//
+// If `type` is `V_ASN1_BOOLEAN`, `a` is set to FALSE if `value` is NULL and
+// TRUE otherwise. If setting `a` to TRUE, `value` may be an invalid pointer,
+// such as (void*)1.
+//
+// If `type` is `V_ASN1_NULL`, `value` must be NULL.
+//
+// For other values of `type`, this function takes ownership of `value`, which
+// must point to an object of the corresponding type. See `ASN1_TYPE` for
+// details.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_TYPE_set(ASN1_TYPE *a, int type, void *value);
+
+// ASN1_TYPE_set1 behaves like `ASN1_TYPE_set` except it does not take ownership
+// of `value`. It returns one on success and zero on error.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TYPE_set1(ASN1_TYPE *a, int type, const void *value);
+
+// ASN1_TYPE_cmp returns zero if `a` and `b` are equal and some non-zero value
+// otherwise. Note this function can only be used for equality checks, not an
+// ordering.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TYPE_cmp(const ASN1_TYPE *a, const ASN1_TYPE *b);
+
+typedef STACK_OF(ASN1_TYPE) ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY;
+
+// d2i_ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY parses up to `len` bytes from `*inp` as a DER-encoded
+// ASN.1 SEQUENCE OF ANY structure, as described in `d2i_SAMPLE`. The resulting
+// `ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY` owns its contents and thus must be released with
+// `sk_ASN1_TYPE_pop_free` and `ASN1_TYPE_free`, not `sk_ASN1_TYPE_free`.
+//
+// TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/354): This function currently also accepts
+// BER, but this will be removed in the future.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY *d2i_ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY(ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY **out,
+                                                        const uint8_t **inp,
+                                                        long len);
+
+// i2d_ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY marshals `in` as a DER-encoded SEQUENCE OF ANY
+// structure, as described in `i2d_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY(const ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY *in,
+                                         uint8_t **outp);
+
+// d2i_ASN1_SET_ANY parses up to `len` bytes from `*inp` as a DER-encoded ASN.1
+// SET OF ANY structure, as described in `d2i_SAMPLE`. The resulting
+// `ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY` owns its contents and thus must be released with
+// `sk_ASN1_TYPE_pop_free` and `ASN1_TYPE_free`, not `sk_ASN1_TYPE_free`.
+//
+// TODO(https://crbug.com/boringssl/354): This function currently also accepts
+// BER, but this will be removed in the future.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY *d2i_ASN1_SET_ANY(ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY **out,
+                                                   const uint8_t **inp,
+                                                   long len);
+
+// i2d_ASN1_SET_ANY marshals `in` as a DER-encoded SET OF ANY structure, as
+// described in `i2d_SAMPLE`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_ASN1_SET_ANY(const ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY *in,
+                                    uint8_t **outp);
+
+
+// Human-readable output.
+//
+// The following functions output types in some human-readable format. These
+// functions may be used for debugging and logging. However, the output should
+// not be consumed programmatically. They may be ambiguous or lose information.
+
+// ASN1_UTCTIME_print writes a human-readable representation of `a` to `out`. It
+// returns one on success and zero on error.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_UTCTIME_print(BIO *out, const ASN1_UTCTIME *a);
+
+// ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_print writes a human-readable representation of `a` to
+// `out`. It returns one on success and zero on error.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_print(BIO *out,
+                                              const ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *a);
+
+// ASN1_TIME_print writes a human-readable representation of `a` to `out`. It
+// returns one on success and zero on error.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_TIME_print(BIO *out, const ASN1_TIME *a);
+
+// ASN1_STRING_print writes a human-readable representation of `str` to `out`.
+// It returns one on success and zero on error. Unprintable characters are
+// replaced with '.'.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_print(BIO *out, const ASN1_STRING *str);
+
+// The following flags must not collide with `XN_FLAG_*`.
+
+// ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_2253 causes characters to be escaped as in RFC 2253, section
+// 2.4.
+#define ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_2253 1ul
+
+// ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_CTRL causes all control characters to be escaped.
+#define ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_CTRL 2ul
+
+// ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB causes all characters above 127 to be escaped.
+#define ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB 4ul
+
+// ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_QUOTE causes the string to be surrounded by quotes, rather
+// than using backslashes, when characters are escaped. Fewer characters will
+// require escapes in this case.
+#define ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_QUOTE 8ul
+
+// ASN1_STRFLGS_UTF8_CONVERT causes the string to be encoded as UTF-8, with each
+// byte in the UTF-8 encoding treated as an individual character for purposes of
+// escape sequences. If not set, each Unicode codepoint in the string is treated
+// as a character, with wide characters escaped as "\Uxxxx" or "\Wxxxxxxxx".
+// Note this can be ambiguous if `ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_*` are all unset. In that
+// case, backslashes are not escaped, but wide characters are.
+#define ASN1_STRFLGS_UTF8_CONVERT 0x10ul
+
+// ASN1_STRFLGS_IGNORE_TYPE causes the string type to be ignored. The
+// `ASN1_STRING` in-memory representation will be printed directly.
+#define ASN1_STRFLGS_IGNORE_TYPE 0x20ul
+
+// ASN1_STRFLGS_SHOW_TYPE causes the string type to be included in the output.
+#define ASN1_STRFLGS_SHOW_TYPE 0x40ul
+
+// ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_ALL causes all strings to be printed as a hexdump, using
+// RFC 2253 hexstring notation, such as "#0123456789ABCDEF".
+#define ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_ALL 0x80ul
+
+// ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_UNKNOWN behaves like `ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_ALL` but only
+// applies to values of unknown type. If unset, unknown values will print
+// their contents as single-byte characters with escape sequences.
+#define ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_UNKNOWN 0x100ul
+
+// ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_DER causes hexdumped strings (as determined by
+// `ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_ALL` or `ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_UNKNOWN`) to print the entire
+// DER element as in RFC 2253, rather than only the contents of the
+// `ASN1_STRING`.
+#define ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_DER 0x200ul
+
+// ASN1_STRFLGS_RFC2253 causes the string to be escaped as in RFC 2253,
+// additionally escaping control characters.
+#define ASN1_STRFLGS_RFC2253                                              \
+  (ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_2253 | ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_CTRL | ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB | \
+   ASN1_STRFLGS_UTF8_CONVERT | ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_UNKNOWN |                \
+   ASN1_STRFLGS_DUMP_DER)
+
+// ASN1_STRING_print_ex writes a human-readable representation of `str` to
+// `out`. It returns the number of bytes written on success and -1 on error. If
+// `out` is NULL, it returns the number of bytes it would have written, without
+// writing anything.
+//
+// The `flags` should be a combination of combination of `ASN1_STRFLGS_*`
+// constants. See the documentation for each flag for how it controls the
+// output. If unsure, use `ASN1_STRFLGS_RFC2253`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_print_ex(BIO *out, const ASN1_STRING *str,
+                                        unsigned long flags);
+
+// ASN1_STRING_print_ex_fp behaves like `ASN1_STRING_print_ex` but writes to a
+// `FILE` rather than a `BIO`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_print_ex_fp(FILE *fp, const ASN1_STRING *str,
+                                           unsigned long flags);
+
+// i2a_ASN1_INTEGER writes a human-readable representation of `a` to `bp`. It
+// returns the number of bytes written on success, or a negative number on
+// error. On error, this function may have written a partial output to `bp`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2a_ASN1_INTEGER(BIO *bp, const ASN1_INTEGER *a);
+
+// i2a_ASN1_ENUMERATED writes a human-readable representation of `a` to `bp`. It
+// returns the number of bytes written on success, or a negative number on
+// error. On error, this function may have written a partial output to `bp`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2a_ASN1_ENUMERATED(BIO *bp, const ASN1_ENUMERATED *a);
+
+// i2a_ASN1_OBJECT writes a human-readable representation of `a` to `bp`. It
+// returns the number of bytes written on success, or a negative number on
+// error. On error, this function may have written a partial output to `bp`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2a_ASN1_OBJECT(BIO *bp, const ASN1_OBJECT *a);
+
+// i2a_ASN1_STRING writes a text representation of `a`'s contents to `bp`. It
+// returns the number of bytes written on success, or a negative number on
+// error. On error, this function may have written a partial output to `bp`.
+// `type` is ignored.
+//
+// This function does not decode `a` into a Unicode string. It only hex-encodes
+// the internal representation of `a`. This is suitable for printing an OCTET
+// STRING, but may not be human-readable for any other string type.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2a_ASN1_STRING(BIO *bp, const ASN1_STRING *a, int type);
+
+// i2t_ASN1_OBJECT calls `OBJ_obj2txt` with `always_return_oid` set to zero.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2t_ASN1_OBJECT(char *buf, int buf_len,
+                                   const ASN1_OBJECT *a);
+
+
+// Low-level encoding functions.
+
+// ASN1_get_object parses a BER element from up to `max_len` bytes at `*inp`. It
+// returns `V_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED` if it successfully parsed a constructed element,
+// zero if it successfully parsed a primitive element, and 0x80 on error. On
+// success, it additionally advances `*inp` to the element body, sets
+// `*out_length`, `*out_tag`, and `*out_class` to the element's length, tag
+// number, and tag class, respectively,
+//
+// Unlike OpenSSL, this function only supports DER. Indefinite and non-minimal
+// lengths are rejected.
+//
+// This function is difficult to use correctly. Use `CBS_get_asn1` and related
+// functions from bytestring.h.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_get_object(const unsigned char **inp, long *out_length,
+                                   int *out_tag, int *out_class, long max_len);
+
+// ASN1_put_object writes the header for a DER or BER element to `*outp` and
+// advances `*outp` by the number of bytes written. The caller is responsible
+// for ensuring `*outp` has enough space for the output. The header describes an
+// element with length `length`, tag number `tag`, and class `xclass`. `xclass`
+// should be one of the `V_ASN1_*` tag class constants. The element is primitive
+// if `constructed` is zero and constructed if it is one or two. If
+// `constructed` is two, `length` is ignored and the element uses
+// indefinite-length encoding.
+//
+// Use `CBB_add_asn1` instead.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_put_object(unsigned char **outp, int constructed,
+                                    int length, int tag, int xclass);
+
+// ASN1_put_eoc writes two zero bytes to `*outp`, advances `*outp` to point past
+// those bytes, and returns two.
+//
+// Use definite-length encoding instead.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_put_eoc(unsigned char **outp);
+
+// ASN1_object_size returns the number of bytes needed to encode a DER or BER
+// value with length `length` and tag number `tag`, or -1 on error. `tag` should
+// not include the constructed bit or tag class. If `constructed` is zero or
+// one, the result uses a definite-length encoding with minimally-encoded
+// length, as in DER. If `constructed` is two, the result uses BER
+// indefinite-length encoding.
+//
+// Use `CBB_add_asn1` instead.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_object_size(int constructed, int length, int tag);
+
+
+// Function declaration macros.
+//
+// The following macros declare functions for ASN.1 types. Prefer writing the
+// prototypes directly. Particularly when `type`, `itname`, or `name` differ,
+// the macros can be difficult to understand.
+
+#define DECLARE_ASN1_FUNCTIONS(type) DECLARE_ASN1_FUNCTIONS_name(type, type)
+
+#define DECLARE_ASN1_ALLOC_FUNCTIONS(type) \
+  DECLARE_ASN1_ALLOC_FUNCTIONS_name(type, type)
+
+#define DECLARE_ASN1_FUNCTIONS_name(type, name) \
+  DECLARE_ASN1_ALLOC_FUNCTIONS_name(type, name) \
+  DECLARE_ASN1_ENCODE_FUNCTIONS(type, name, name)
+
+#define DECLARE_ASN1_FUNCTIONS_fname(type, itname, name) \
+  DECLARE_ASN1_ALLOC_FUNCTIONS_name(type, name)          \
+  DECLARE_ASN1_ENCODE_FUNCTIONS(type, itname, name)
+
+#define DECLARE_ASN1_ENCODE_FUNCTIONS(type, itname, name)             \
+  OPENSSL_EXPORT type *d2i_##name(type **a, const unsigned char **in, \
+                                  long len);                          \
+  OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_##name(type *a, unsigned char **out);        \
+  DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(itname)
+
+#define DECLARE_ASN1_ENCODE_FUNCTIONS_const(type, name)               \
+  OPENSSL_EXPORT type *d2i_##name(type **a, const unsigned char **in, \
+                                  long len);                          \
+  OPENSSL_EXPORT int i2d_##name(const type *a, unsigned char **out);  \
+  DECLARE_ASN1_ITEM(name)
+
+#define DECLARE_ASN1_FUNCTIONS_const(name) \
+  DECLARE_ASN1_ALLOC_FUNCTIONS(name)       \
+  DECLARE_ASN1_ENCODE_FUNCTIONS_const(name, name)
+
+#define DECLARE_ASN1_ALLOC_FUNCTIONS_name(type, name) \
+  OPENSSL_EXPORT type *name##_new(void);              \
+  OPENSSL_EXPORT void name##_free(type *a);
+
+
+// Deprecated functions.
+
+// ASN1_STRING_FLAG_BITS_LEFT does nothing. Historically, when a BIT STRING
+// lacked this flag, it enabled an implicit truncation behavior. This has since
+// been removed.
+//
+// TODO(crbug.com/443769299): Remove this when `ASN1_STRING` is opaque. For now,
+// we continue to set it in various codepaths, in case code is querying `flags`
+// manually, even though it does nothing.
+#define ASN1_STRING_FLAG_BITS_LEFT 0x08
+
+// ASN1_BIT_STRING_num_bytes computes the length of `str` in bytes. If `str`'s
+// bit length is a multiple of 8, it sets `*out` to the byte length and returns
+// one. Otherwise, it returns zero.
+//
+// This function may be used with `ASN1_STRING_get0_data` to interpret `str` as
+// a byte string.
+//
+// This function is no longer necessary. The byte length is always equal to
+// `ASN1_STRING_length` and callers can check for a whole number of bytes by
+// checking if `ASN1_BIT_STRING_unused_bits` is zero.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_BIT_STRING_num_bytes(const ASN1_BIT_STRING *str,
+                                             size_t *out);
+
+// ASN1_STRING_set_default_mask does nothing.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_STRING_set_default_mask(unsigned long mask);
+
+// ASN1_STRING_set_default_mask_asc returns one.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_STRING_set_default_mask_asc(const char *p);
+
+// ASN1_STRING_get_default_mask returns `B_ASN1_UTF8STRING`.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT unsigned long ASN1_STRING_get_default_mask(void);
+
+// ASN1_STRING_TABLE_cleanup does nothing.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT void ASN1_STRING_TABLE_cleanup(void);
+
+// M_ASN1_* are legacy aliases for various `ASN1_STRING` functions. Use the
+// functions themselves.
+#define M_ASN1_STRING_length(x) ASN1_STRING_length(x)
+#define M_ASN1_STRING_type(x) ASN1_STRING_type(x)
+#define M_ASN1_STRING_data(x) ASN1_STRING_data(x)
+#define M_ASN1_BIT_STRING_new() ASN1_BIT_STRING_new()
+#define M_ASN1_BIT_STRING_free(a) ASN1_BIT_STRING_free(a)
+#define M_ASN1_BIT_STRING_dup(a) ASN1_STRING_dup(a)
+#define M_ASN1_BIT_STRING_cmp(a, b) ASN1_STRING_cmp(a, b)
+#define M_ASN1_BIT_STRING_set(a, b, c) ASN1_BIT_STRING_set(a, b, c)
+#define M_ASN1_INTEGER_new() ASN1_INTEGER_new()
+#define M_ASN1_INTEGER_free(a) ASN1_INTEGER_free(a)
+#define M_ASN1_INTEGER_dup(a) ASN1_INTEGER_dup(a)
+#define M_ASN1_INTEGER_cmp(a, b) ASN1_INTEGER_cmp(a, b)
+#define M_ASN1_ENUMERATED_new() ASN1_ENUMERATED_new()
+#define M_ASN1_ENUMERATED_free(a) ASN1_ENUMERATED_free(a)
+#define M_ASN1_ENUMERATED_dup(a) ASN1_STRING_dup(a)
+#define M_ASN1_ENUMERATED_cmp(a, b) ASN1_STRING_cmp(a, b)
+#define M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_new() ASN1_OCTET_STRING_new()
+#define M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_free(a) ASN1_OCTET_STRING_free()
+#define M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_dup(a) ASN1_OCTET_STRING_dup(a)
+#define M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_cmp(a, b) ASN1_OCTET_STRING_cmp(a, b)
+#define M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_set(a, b, c) ASN1_OCTET_STRING_set(a, b, c)
+#define M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_print(a, b) ASN1_STRING_print(a, b)
+#define M_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING_new() ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING_new()
+#define M_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING_free(a) ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING_free(a)
+#define M_ASN1_IA5STRING_new() ASN1_IA5STRING_new()
+#define M_ASN1_IA5STRING_free(a) ASN1_IA5STRING_free(a)
+#define M_ASN1_IA5STRING_dup(a) ASN1_STRING_dup(a)
+#define M_ASN1_UTCTIME_new() ASN1_UTCTIME_new()
+#define M_ASN1_UTCTIME_free(a) ASN1_UTCTIME_free(a)
+#define M_ASN1_UTCTIME_dup(a) ASN1_STRING_dup(a)
+#define M_ASN1_T61STRING_new() ASN1_T61STRING_new()
+#define M_ASN1_T61STRING_free(a) ASN1_T61STRING_free(a)
+#define M_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_new() ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_new()
+#define M_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_free(a) ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_free(a)
+#define M_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_dup(a) ASN1_STRING_dup(a)
+#define M_ASN1_GENERALSTRING_new() ASN1_GENERALSTRING_new()
+#define M_ASN1_GENERALSTRING_free(a) ASN1_GENERALSTRING_free(a)
+#define M_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING_new() ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING_new()
+#define M_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING_free(a) ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING_free(a)
+#define M_ASN1_BMPSTRING_new() ASN1_BMPSTRING_new()
+#define M_ASN1_BMPSTRING_free(a) ASN1_BMPSTRING_free(a)
+#define M_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING_new() ASN1_VISIBLESTRING_new()
+#define M_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING_free(a) ASN1_VISIBLESTRING_free(a)
+#define M_ASN1_UTF8STRING_new() ASN1_UTF8STRING_new()
+#define M_ASN1_UTF8STRING_free(a) ASN1_UTF8STRING_free(a)
+
+// ASN1_INTEGER_set sets `a` to an INTEGER with value `v`. It returns one on
+// success and zero on error.
+//
+// Use `ASN1_INTEGER_set_uint64` and `ASN1_INTEGER_set_int64` instead.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_INTEGER_set(ASN1_INTEGER *a, long v);
+
+// ASN1_ENUMERATED_set sets `a` to an ENUMERATED with value `v`. It returns one
+// on success and zero on error.
+//
+// Use `ASN1_ENUMERATED_set_uint64` and `ASN1_ENUMERATED_set_int64` instead.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT int ASN1_ENUMERATED_set(ASN1_ENUMERATED *a, long v);
+
+// ASN1_INTEGER_get returns the value of `a` as a `long`, or -1 if `a` is out of
+// range or the wrong type.
+//
+// WARNING: This function's return value cannot distinguish errors from -1.
+// Use `ASN1_INTEGER_get_uint64` and `ASN1_INTEGER_get_int64` instead.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT long ASN1_INTEGER_get(const ASN1_INTEGER *a);
+
+// ASN1_ENUMERATED_get returns the value of `a` as a `long`, or -1 if `a` is out
+// of range or the wrong type.
+//
+// WARNING: This function's return value cannot distinguish errors from -1.
+// Use `ASN1_ENUMERATED_get_uint64` and `ASN1_ENUMERATED_get_int64` instead.
+OPENSSL_EXPORT long ASN1_ENUMERATED_get(const ASN1_ENUMERATED *a);
+
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+}  // extern C
+
+extern "C++" {
+
+BSSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+BORINGSSL_MAKE_DELETER(ASN1_OBJECT, ASN1_OBJECT_free)
+BORINGSSL_MAKE_DELETER(ASN1_STRING, ASN1_STRING_free)
+BORINGSSL_MAKE_DELETER(ASN1_TYPE, ASN1_TYPE_free)
+
+BSSL_NAMESPACE_END
+
+}  // extern C++
+
+#endif
+
+#define ASN1_R_ASN1_LENGTH_MISMATCH 100
+#define ASN1_R_AUX_ERROR 101
+#define ASN1_R_BAD_GET_ASN1_OBJECT_CALL 102
+#define ASN1_R_BAD_OBJECT_HEADER 103
+#define ASN1_R_BMPSTRING_IS_WRONG_LENGTH 104
+#define ASN1_R_BN_LIB 105
+#define ASN1_R_BOOLEAN_IS_WRONG_LENGTH 106
+#define ASN1_R_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL 107
+#define ASN1_R_CONTEXT_NOT_INITIALISED 108
+#define ASN1_R_DECODE_ERROR 109
+#define ASN1_R_DEPTH_EXCEEDED 110
+#define ASN1_R_DIGEST_AND_KEY_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED 111
+#define ASN1_R_ENCODE_ERROR 112
+#define ASN1_R_ERROR_GETTING_TIME 113
+#define ASN1_R_EXPECTING_AN_ASN1_SEQUENCE 114
+#define ASN1_R_EXPECTING_AN_INTEGER 115
+#define ASN1_R_EXPECTING_AN_OBJECT 116
+#define ASN1_R_EXPECTING_A_BOOLEAN 117
+#define ASN1_R_EXPECTING_A_TIME 118
+#define ASN1_R_EXPLICIT_LENGTH_MISMATCH 119
+#define ASN1_R_EXPLICIT_TAG_NOT_CONSTRUCTED 120
+#define ASN1_R_FIELD_MISSING 121
+#define ASN1_R_FIRST_NUM_TOO_LARGE 122
+#define ASN1_R_HEADER_TOO_LONG 123
+#define ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_BITSTRING_FORMAT 124
+#define ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_BOOLEAN 125
+#define ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_CHARACTERS 126
+#define ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_FORMAT 127
+#define ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_HEX 128
+#define ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_IMPLICIT_TAG 129
+#define ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_INTEGER 130
+#define ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_NESTED_TAGGING 131
+#define ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_NULL 132
+#define ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_NULL_VALUE 133
+#define ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_OBJECT 134
+#define ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_OPTIONAL_ANY 135
+#define ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_OPTIONS_ON_ITEM_TEMPLATE 136
+#define ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_TAGGED_ANY 137
+#define ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_TIME_VALUE 138
+#define ASN1_R_INTEGER_NOT_ASCII_FORMAT 139
+#define ASN1_R_INTEGER_TOO_LARGE_FOR_LONG 140
+#define ASN1_R_INVALID_BIT_STRING_BITS_LEFT 141
+#define ASN1_R_INVALID_BMPSTRING 142
+#define ASN1_R_INVALID_DIGIT 143
+#define ASN1_R_INVALID_MODIFIER 144
+#define ASN1_R_INVALID_NUMBER 145
+#define ASN1_R_INVALID_OBJECT_ENCODING 146
+#define ASN1_R_INVALID_SEPARATOR 147
+#define ASN1_R_INVALID_TIME_FORMAT 148
+#define ASN1_R_INVALID_UNIVERSALSTRING 149
+#define ASN1_R_INVALID_UTF8STRING 150
+#define ASN1_R_LIST_ERROR 151
+#define ASN1_R_MISSING_ASN1_EOS 152
+#define ASN1_R_MISSING_EOC 153
+#define ASN1_R_MISSING_SECOND_NUMBER 154
+#define ASN1_R_MISSING_VALUE 155
+#define ASN1_R_MSTRING_NOT_UNIVERSAL 156
+#define ASN1_R_MSTRING_WRONG_TAG 157
+#define ASN1_R_NESTED_ASN1_ERROR 158
+#define ASN1_R_NESTED_ASN1_STRING 159
+#define ASN1_R_NON_HEX_CHARACTERS 160
+#define ASN1_R_NOT_ASCII_FORMAT 161
+#define ASN1_R_NOT_ENOUGH_DATA 162
+#define ASN1_R_NO_MATCHING_CHOICE_TYPE 163
+#define ASN1_R_NULL_IS_WRONG_LENGTH 164
+#define ASN1_R_OBJECT_NOT_ASCII_FORMAT 165
+#define ASN1_R_ODD_NUMBER_OF_CHARS 166
+#define ASN1_R_SECOND_NUMBER_TOO_LARGE 167
+#define ASN1_R_SEQUENCE_LENGTH_MISMATCH 168
+#define ASN1_R_SEQUENCE_NOT_CONSTRUCTED 169
+#define ASN1_R_SEQUENCE_OR_SET_NEEDS_CONFIG 170
+#define ASN1_R_SHORT_LINE 171
+#define ASN1_R_STREAMING_NOT_SUPPORTED 172
+#define ASN1_R_STRING_TOO_LONG 173
+#define ASN1_R_STRING_TOO_SHORT 174
+#define ASN1_R_TAG_VALUE_TOO_HIGH 175
+#define ASN1_R_TIME_NOT_ASCII_FORMAT 176
+#define ASN1_R_TOO_LONG 177
+#define ASN1_R_TYPE_NOT_CONSTRUCTED 178
+#define ASN1_R_TYPE_NOT_PRIMITIVE 179
+#define ASN1_R_UNEXPECTED_EOC 180
+#define ASN1_R_UNIVERSALSTRING_IS_WRONG_LENGTH 181
+#define ASN1_R_UNKNOWN_FORMAT 182
+#define ASN1_R_UNKNOWN_MESSAGE_DIGEST_ALGORITHM 183
+#define ASN1_R_UNKNOWN_SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM 184
+#define ASN1_R_UNKNOWN_TAG 185
+#define ASN1_R_UNSUPPORTED_ANY_DEFINED_BY_TYPE 186
+#define ASN1_R_UNSUPPORTED_PUBLIC_KEY_TYPE 187
+#define ASN1_R_UNSUPPORTED_TYPE 188
+#define ASN1_R_WRONG_PUBLIC_KEY_TYPE 189
+#define ASN1_R_WRONG_TAG 190
+#define ASN1_R_WRONG_TYPE 191
+#define ASN1_R_NESTED_TOO_DEEP 192
+#define ASN1_R_BAD_TEMPLATE 193
+#define ASN1_R_INVALID_BIT_STRING_PADDING 194
+#define ASN1_R_WRONG_INTEGER_TYPE 195
+#define ASN1_R_INVALID_INTEGER 196
+
+#endif  // OPENSSL_HEADER_ASN1_H