ootk 4.0.9 → 5.1.0

package/dist/transforms/conversions.js

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/**
+ * @author @thkruz Theodore Kruczek
+ * @description Orbital Object ToolKit (ootk) is a collection of tools for working
+ * with satellites and other orbital objects.
+ * @license AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ * @copyright (c) 2025 Kruczek Labs LLC
+ *
+ * Many of the classes are based off of the work of @david-rc-dayton and his
+ * Pious Squid library (https://github.com/david-rc-dayton/pious_squid) which
+ * is licensed under the MIT license.
+ *
+ * Orbital Object ToolKit is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+ * terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software
+ * Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Orbital Object ToolKit is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
+ * without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ * See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with
+ * Orbital Object ToolKit. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+import { DEG2RAD, PI, RAD2DEG } from '../main.js';
+/**
+ * Converts radians to degrees.
+ * @param radians The value in radians to be converted.
+ * @returns The value in degrees.
+ */
+export function rad2deg(radians) {
+    return ((radians * 180) / PI);
+}
+/**
+ * Converts degrees to radians.
+ * @param degrees The value in degrees to be converted.
+ * @returns The value in radians.
+ */
+export function deg2rad(degrees) {
+    return ((degrees * PI) / 180.0);
+}
+/**
+ * Converts radians to degrees latitude.
+ * @param radians The radians value to convert.
+ * @returns The corresponding degrees latitude.
+ * @throws RangeError if the radians value is outside the range [-PI/2; PI/2].
+ */
+export function getDegLat(radians) {
+    if (radians < -PI / 2 || radians > PI / 2) {
+        throw new RangeError('Latitude radians must be in range [-PI/2; PI/2].');
+    }
+    return (radians * RAD2DEG);
+}
+/**
+ * Converts radians to degrees for longitude.
+ * @param radians The value in radians to be converted.
+ * @returns The converted value in degrees.
+ * @throws {RangeError} If the input radians is not within the range [-PI; PI].
+ */
+export function getDegLon(radians) {
+    if (radians < -PI || radians > PI) {
+        throw new RangeError('Longitude radians must be in range [-PI; PI].');
+    }
+    return (radians * RAD2DEG);
+}
+/**
+ * Converts degrees to radians for latitude.
+ * @param degrees The degrees value to convert.
+ * @returns The equivalent radians value.
+ * @throws {RangeError} If the degrees value is not within the range [-90, 90].
+ */
+export function getRadLat(degrees) {
+    if (degrees < -90 || degrees > 90) {
+        throw new RangeError('Latitude degrees must be in range [-90; 90].');
+    }
+    return (degrees * DEG2RAD);
+}
+/**
+ * Converts degrees to radians.
+ * @param degrees The value in degrees to be converted.
+ * @returns The value in radians.
+ * @throws {RangeError} If the input degrees are not within the range [-180; 180].
+ */
+export function getRadLon(degrees) {
+    if (degrees < -180 || degrees > 180) {
+        throw new RangeError('Longitude degrees must be in range [-180; 180].');
+    }
+    return (degrees * DEG2RAD);
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=conversions.js.map

package/dist/transforms/conversions.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist/transforms/index.d.ts

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+export * from './conversions.js';
 export * from './transforms.js';

package/dist/transforms/index.js

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
+export * from './conversions.js';
 export * from './transforms.js';
 //# sourceMappingURL=index.js.map

package/dist/transforms/index.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/transforms/transforms.d.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,169 @@
-import { Degrees, EnuVec3, Radians, RaeVec3 } from 'ootk-core';
-import { RfVec3, RuvVec3, RfSensor } from '../main.js';
+import { Degrees, EcefVec3, EcfVec3, EciVec3, EnuVec3, GreenwichMeanSiderealTime, Kilometers, LlaVec3, Radians, RaeVec3, Sensor, SezVec3, RfVec3, RuvVec3, RfSensor } from '../main.js';
+/**
+ * Converts ECF to ECI coordinates.
+ *
+ * [X]     [C -S  0][X]
+ * [Y]  =  [S  C  0][Y]
+ * [Z]eci  [0  0  1][Z]ecf
+ * @param ecf takes xyz coordinates
+ * @param gmst takes a number in gmst time
+ * @returns array containing eci coordinates
+ */
+export declare function ecf2eci<T extends number>(ecf: EcfVec3<T>, gmst: number): EciVec3<T>;
+/**
+ * Converts ECEF coordinates to ENU coordinates.
+ * @param ecf - The ECEF coordinates.
+ * @param lla - The LLA coordinates.
+ * @returns The ENU coordinates.
+ */
+export declare function ecf2enu<T extends number>(ecf: EcefVec3<T>, lla: LlaVec3): EnuVec3<T>;
+/**
+ * Converts ECI to ECF coordinates.
+ *
+ * [X]     [C -S  0][X]
+ * [Y]  =  [S  C  0][Y]
+ * [Z]eci  [0  0  1][Z]ecf
+ *
+ * Inverse:
+ * [X]     [C  S  0][X]
+ * [Y]  =  [-S C  0][Y]
+ * [Z]ecf  [0  0  1][Z]eci
+ * @param eci takes xyz coordinates
+ * @param gmst takes a number in gmst time
+ * @returns array containing ecf coordinates
+ */
+export declare function eci2ecf<T extends number>(eci: EciVec3<T>, gmst: number): EcfVec3<T>;
+/**
+ * EciToGeodetic converts eci coordinates to lla coordinates
+ * @variation cached - results are cached
+ * @param eci takes xyz coordinates
+ * @param gmst takes a number in gmst time
+ * @returns array containing lla coordinates
+ */
+export declare function eci2lla(eci: EciVec3, gmst: number): LlaVec3<Degrees, Kilometers>;
+/**
+ * Converts geodetic coordinates (longitude, latitude, altitude) to Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed (ECF) coordinates.
+ * @param lla The geodetic coordinates in radians and meters.
+ * @returns The ECF coordinates in meters.
+ */
+export declare function llaRad2ecf<AltitudeUnits extends number>(lla: LlaVec3<Radians, AltitudeUnits>): EcfVec3<AltitudeUnits>;
+/**
+ * Converts geodetic coordinates (longitude, latitude, altitude) to Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed (ECF) coordinates.
+ * @param lla The geodetic coordinates in degrees and meters.
+ * @returns The ECF coordinates in meters.
+ */
+export declare function lla2ecf<AltitudeUnits extends number>(lla: LlaVec3<Degrees, AltitudeUnits>): EcfVec3<AltitudeUnits>;
+/**
+ * Converts geodetic coordinates (latitude, longitude, altitude) to Earth-centered inertial (ECI) coordinates.
+ * @variation cached - results are cached
+ * @param lla The geodetic coordinates in radians and meters.
+ * @param gmst The Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time in seconds.
+ * @returns The ECI coordinates in meters.
+ */
+export declare function lla2eci(lla: LlaVec3<Radians, Kilometers>, gmst: GreenwichMeanSiderealTime): EciVec3<Kilometers>;
+/**
+ * Calculates Geodetic Lat Lon Alt to ECEF coordinates.
+ * @deprecated This needs to be validated.
+ * @param lla The geodetic coordinates in degrees and meters.
+ * @returns The ECEF coordinates in meters.
+ */
+export declare function lla2ecef<D extends number>(lla: LlaVec3<Degrees, D>): EcefVec3<D>;
+/**
+ * Converts LLA to SEZ coordinates.
+ * @see http://www.celestrak.com/columns/v02n02/
+ * @param lla The LLA coordinates.
+ * @param ecf The ECF coordinates.
+ * @returns The SEZ coordinates.
+ */
+export declare function lla2sez<D extends number>(lla: LlaVec3<Radians, D>, ecf: EcfVec3<D>): SezVec3<D>;
+/**
+ * Converts a vector in Right Ascension, Elevation, and Range (RAE) coordinate system
+ * to a vector in South, East, and Zenith (SEZ) coordinate system.
+ * @param rae The vector in RAE coordinate system.
+ * @returns The vector in SEZ coordinate system.
+ */
+export declare function rae2sez<D extends number>(rae: RaeVec3<D, Radians>): SezVec3<D>;
+/**
+ * Converts a vector in Right Ascension, Elevation, and Range (RAE) coordinate system
+ * to Earth-Centered Fixed (ECF) coordinate system.
+ * @template D - The dimension of the RAE vector.
+ * @template A - The dimension of the LLA vector.
+ * @param rae - The vector in RAE coordinate system.
+ * @param lla - The vector in LLA coordinate system.
+ * @returns The vector in ECF coordinate system.
+ */
+export declare function rae2ecf<D extends number>(rae: RaeVec3<D, Degrees>, lla: LlaVec3<Degrees, D>): EcfVec3<D>;
+/**
+ * Converts a vector from RAE (Range, Azimuth, Elevation) coordinates to ECI (Earth-Centered Inertial) coordinates.
+ * @variation cached - results are cached
+ * @param rae The vector in RAE coordinates.
+ * @param lla The vector in LLA (Latitude, Longitude, Altitude) coordinates.
+ * @param gmst The Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time.
+ * @returns The vector in ECI coordinates.
+ */
+export declare function rae2eci<D extends number>(rae: RaeVec3<D, Degrees>, lla: LlaVec3<Degrees, D>, gmst: number): EciVec3<D>;
+/**
+ * Converts a vector in RAE (Range, Azimuth, Elevation) coordinates to ENU (East, North, Up) coordinates.
+ * @param rae - The vector in RAE coordinates.
+ * @returns The vector in ENU coordinates.
+ */
+export declare function rae2enu(rae: RaeVec3): EnuVec3<Kilometers>;
+/**
+ * Converts South, East, and Zenith (SEZ) coordinates to Right Ascension, Elevation, and Range (RAE) coordinates.
+ * @param sez The SEZ coordinates.
+ * @returns Rng, Az, El array
+ */
+export declare function sez2rae<D extends number>(sez: SezVec3<D>): RaeVec3<D, Radians>;
+/**
+ * Converts Earth-Centered Fixed (ECF) coordinates to Right Ascension (RA),
+ * Elevation (E), and Azimuth (A) coordinates.
+ * @param lla The Latitude, Longitude, and Altitude (LLA) coordinates.
+ * @param ecf The Earth-Centered Fixed (ECF) coordinates.
+ * @returns The Right Ascension (RA), Elevation (E), and Azimuth (A) coordinates.
+ */
+export declare function ecfRad2rae<D extends number>(lla: LlaVec3<Radians, D>, ecf: EcfVec3<D>): RaeVec3<D, Degrees>;
+/**
+ * Converts Earth-Centered Fixed (ECF) coordinates to Right Ascension (RA),
+ * Elevation (E), and Azimuth (A) coordinates.
+ * @variation cached - results are cached
+ * @param lla The Latitude, Longitude, and Altitude (LLA) coordinates.
+ * @param ecf The Earth-Centered Fixed (ECF) coordinates.
+ * @returns The Right Ascension (RA), Elevation (E), and Azimuth (A) coordinates.
+ */
+export declare function ecf2rae<D extends number>(lla: LlaVec3<Degrees, D>, ecf: EcfVec3<D>): RaeVec3<D, Degrees>;
+export declare const jday: (year?: number, mon?: number, day?: number, hr?: number, minute?: number, sec?: number) => number;
+/**
+ * Calculates the Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time (GMST) for a given date.
+ * @param date - The date for which to calculate the GMST.
+ * @returns An object containing the GMST value and the Julian date.
+ */
+export declare function calcGmst(date: Date): {
+    gmst: GreenwichMeanSiderealTime;
+    j: number;
+};
+/**
+ * Converts ECI coordinates to RAE (Right Ascension, Azimuth, Elevation) coordinates.
+ * @variation cached - results are cached
+ * @param now - Current date and time.
+ * @param eci - ECI coordinates of the satellite.
+ * @param sensor - Sensor object containing observer's geodetic coordinates.
+ * @returns Object containing azimuth, elevation and range in degrees and kilometers respectively.
+ */
+export declare function eci2rae(now: Date, eci: EciVec3<Kilometers>, sensor: Sensor): RaeVec3<Kilometers, Degrees>;
+/**
+ * Calculates the inertial azimuth of a satellite given its latitude and inclination.
+ * @param lat - The latitude of the satellite in degrees.
+ * @param inc - The inclination of the satellite in degrees.
+ * @returns The inertial azimuth of the satellite in degrees.
+ */
+export declare function calcInertAz(lat: Degrees, inc: Degrees): Degrees;
+/**
+ * Calculates the inclination angle of a satellite from its launch azimuth and latitude.
+ * @param lat - The latitude of the observer in degrees.
+ * @param az - The launch azimuth angle of the satellite in degrees clockwise from north.
+ * @returns The inclination angle of the satellite in degrees.
+ */
+export declare function calcIncFromAz(lat: number, az: number): number;
 /**
  * Converts Azimuth and Elevation to U and V.
  * Azimuth is the angle off of boresight in the horizontal plane.

package/dist/transforms/transforms.js

@@ -1,4 +1,375 @@
-import { DEG2RAD, RAD2DEG, TAU } from 'ootk-core';
+import { DEG2RAD, Earth, MILLISECONDS_TO_DAYS, PI, RAD2DEG, Sgp4, TAU, } from '../main.js';
+/**
+ * Converts ECF to ECI coordinates.
+ *
+ * [X]     [C -S  0][X]
+ * [Y]  =  [S  C  0][Y]
+ * [Z]eci  [0  0  1][Z]ecf
+ * @param ecf takes xyz coordinates
+ * @param gmst takes a number in gmst time
+ * @returns array containing eci coordinates
+ */
+export function ecf2eci(ecf, gmst) {
+    const X = (ecf.x * Math.cos(gmst) - ecf.y * Math.sin(gmst));
+    const Y = (ecf.x * Math.sin(gmst) + ecf.y * Math.cos(gmst));
+    const Z = ecf.z;
+    return { x: X, y: Y, z: Z };
+}
+/**
+ * Converts ECEF coordinates to ENU coordinates.
+ * @param ecf - The ECEF coordinates.
+ * @param lla - The LLA coordinates.
+ * @returns The ENU coordinates.
+ */
+export function ecf2enu(ecf, lla) {
+    const { lat, lon } = lla;
+    const { x, y, z } = ecf;
+    const e = (-Math.sin(lon) * x + Math.cos(lon) * y);
+    const n = (-Math.sin(lat) * Math.cos(lon) * x - Math.sin(lat) * Math.sin(lon) * y + Math.cos(lat) * z);
+    const u = (Math.cos(lat) * Math.cos(lon) * x + Math.cos(lat) * Math.sin(lon) * y + Math.sin(lat) * z);
+    return { x: e, y: n, z: u };
+}
+/**
+ * Converts ECI to ECF coordinates.
+ *
+ * [X]     [C -S  0][X]
+ * [Y]  =  [S  C  0][Y]
+ * [Z]eci  [0  0  1][Z]ecf
+ *
+ * Inverse:
+ * [X]     [C  S  0][X]
+ * [Y]  =  [-S C  0][Y]
+ * [Z]ecf  [0  0  1][Z]eci
+ * @param eci takes xyz coordinates
+ * @param gmst takes a number in gmst time
+ * @returns array containing ecf coordinates
+ */
+export function eci2ecf(eci, gmst) {
+    const x = (eci.x * Math.cos(gmst) + eci.y * Math.sin(gmst));
+    const y = (eci.x * -Math.sin(gmst) + eci.y * Math.cos(gmst));
+    const z = eci.z;
+    return {
+        x,
+        y,
+        z,
+    };
+}
+/**
+ * EciToGeodetic converts eci coordinates to lla coordinates
+ * @variation cached - results are cached
+ * @param eci takes xyz coordinates
+ * @param gmst takes a number in gmst time
+ * @returns array containing lla coordinates
+ */
+export function eci2lla(eci, gmst) {
+    // http://www.celestrak.com/columns/v02n03/
+    const a = 6378.137;
+    const b = 6356.7523142;
+    const R = Math.sqrt(eci.x * eci.x + eci.y * eci.y);
+    const f = (a - b) / a;
+    const e2 = 2 * f - f * f;
+    let lon = Math.atan2(eci.y, eci.x) - gmst;
+    while (lon < -PI) {
+        lon += TAU;
+    }
+    while (lon > PI) {
+        lon -= TAU;
+    }
+    const kmax = 20;
+    let k = 0;
+    let lat = Math.atan2(eci.z, Math.sqrt(eci.x * eci.x + eci.y * eci.y));
+    let C = 0;
+    while (k < kmax) {
+        C = 1 / Math.sqrt(1 - e2 * (Math.sin(lat) * Math.sin(lat)));
+        lat = Math.atan2(eci.z + a * C * e2 * Math.sin(lat), R);
+        k += 1;
+    }
+    const alt = R / Math.cos(lat) - a * C;
+    lon = (lon * RAD2DEG);
+    lat = (lat * RAD2DEG);
+    return { lon: lon, lat: lat, alt: alt };
+}
+/**
+ * Converts geodetic coordinates (longitude, latitude, altitude) to Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed (ECF) coordinates.
+ * @param lla The geodetic coordinates in radians and meters.
+ * @returns The ECF coordinates in meters.
+ */
+export function llaRad2ecf(lla) {
+    const { lon, lat, alt } = lla;
+    const a = 6378.137;
+    const b = 6356.7523142;
+    const f = (a - b) / a;
+    const e2 = 2 * f - f * f;
+    const normal = a / Math.sqrt(1 - e2 * Math.sin(lat) ** 2);
+    const x = (normal + alt) * Math.cos(lat) * Math.cos(lon);
+    const y = (normal + alt) * Math.cos(lat) * Math.sin(lon);
+    const z = (normal * (1 - e2) + alt) * Math.sin(lat);
+    return {
+        x: x,
+        y: y,
+        z: z,
+    };
+}
+/**
+ * Converts geodetic coordinates (longitude, latitude, altitude) to Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed (ECF) coordinates.
+ * @param lla The geodetic coordinates in degrees and meters.
+ * @returns The ECF coordinates in meters.
+ */
+export function lla2ecf(lla) {
+    const { lon, lat, alt } = lla;
+    const lonRad = lon * DEG2RAD;
+    const latRad = lat * DEG2RAD;
+    return llaRad2ecf({
+        lon: lonRad,
+        lat: latRad,
+        alt,
+    });
+}
+/**
+ * Converts geodetic coordinates (latitude, longitude, altitude) to Earth-centered inertial (ECI) coordinates.
+ * @variation cached - results are cached
+ * @param lla The geodetic coordinates in radians and meters.
+ * @param gmst The Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time in seconds.
+ * @returns The ECI coordinates in meters.
+ */
+export function lla2eci(lla, gmst) {
+    const { lat, lon, alt } = lla;
+    const cosLat = Math.cos(lat);
+    const sinLat = Math.sin(lat);
+    const cosLon = Math.cos(lon + gmst);
+    const sinLon = Math.sin(lon + gmst);
+    const x = (Earth.radiusMean + alt) * cosLat * cosLon;
+    const y = (Earth.radiusMean + alt) * cosLat * sinLon;
+    const z = (Earth.radiusMean + alt) * sinLat;
+    return { x, y, z };
+}
+/**
+ * Calculates Geodetic Lat Lon Alt to ECEF coordinates.
+ * @deprecated This needs to be validated.
+ * @param lla The geodetic coordinates in degrees and meters.
+ * @returns The ECEF coordinates in meters.
+ */
+export function lla2ecef(lla) {
+    const { lat, lon, alt } = lla;
+    const a = 6378.137; // semi-major axis length in meters according to the WGS84
+    const b = 6356.752314245; // semi-minor axis length in meters according to the WGS84
+    const e = Math.sqrt(1 - b ** 2 / a ** 2); // eccentricity
+    const N = a / Math.sqrt(1 - e ** 2 * Math.sin(lat) ** 2); // radius of curvature in the prime vertical
+    const x = ((N + alt) * Math.cos(lat) * Math.cos(lon));
+    const y = ((N + alt) * Math.cos(lat) * Math.sin(lon));
+    const z = ((N * (1 - e ** 2) + alt) * Math.sin(lat));
+    return { x, y, z };
+}
+/**
+ * Converts LLA to SEZ coordinates.
+ * @see http://www.celestrak.com/columns/v02n02/
+ * @param lla The LLA coordinates.
+ * @param ecf The ECF coordinates.
+ * @returns The SEZ coordinates.
+ */
+export function lla2sez(lla, ecf) {
+    const lon = lla.lon;
+    const lat = lla.lat;
+    const observerEcf = llaRad2ecf({
+        lat,
+        lon,
+        alt: 0,
+    });
+    const rx = ecf.x - observerEcf.x;
+    const ry = ecf.y - observerEcf.y;
+    const rz = ecf.z - observerEcf.z;
+    // Top is short for topocentric
+    const south = Math.sin(lat) * Math.cos(lon) * rx + Math.sin(lat) * Math.sin(lon) * ry - Math.cos(lat) * rz;
+    const east = -Math.sin(lon) * rx + Math.cos(lon) * ry;
+    const zenith = Math.cos(lat) * Math.cos(lon) * rx + Math.cos(lat) * Math.sin(lon) * ry + Math.sin(lat) * rz;
+    return { s: south, e: east, z: zenith };
+}
+/**
+ * Converts a vector in Right Ascension, Elevation, and Range (RAE) coordinate system
+ * to a vector in South, East, and Zenith (SEZ) coordinate system.
+ * @param rae The vector in RAE coordinate system.
+ * @returns The vector in SEZ coordinate system.
+ */
+export function rae2sez(rae) {
+    const south = -rae.rng * Math.cos(rae.el) * Math.cos(rae.az);
+    const east = rae.rng * Math.cos(rae.el) * Math.sin(rae.az);
+    const zenith = rae.rng * Math.sin(rae.el);
+    return {
+        s: south,
+        e: east,
+        z: zenith,
+    };
+}
+/**
+ * Converts a vector in Right Ascension, Elevation, and Range (RAE) coordinate system
+ * to Earth-Centered Fixed (ECF) coordinate system.
+ * @template D - The dimension of the RAE vector.
+ * @template A - The dimension of the LLA vector.
+ * @param rae - The vector in RAE coordinate system.
+ * @param lla - The vector in LLA coordinate system.
+ * @returns The vector in ECF coordinate system.
+ */
+export function rae2ecf(rae, lla) {
+    const llaRad = {
+        lat: (lla.lat * DEG2RAD),
+        lon: (lla.lon * DEG2RAD),
+        alt: lla.alt,
+    };
+    const raeRad = {
+        az: (rae.az * DEG2RAD),
+        el: (rae.el * DEG2RAD),
+        rng: rae.rng,
+    };
+    const obsEcf = llaRad2ecf(llaRad);
+    const sez = rae2sez(raeRad);
+    // Some needed calculations
+    const slat = Math.sin(llaRad.lat);
+    const slon = Math.sin(llaRad.lon);
+    const clat = Math.cos(llaRad.lat);
+    const clon = Math.cos(llaRad.lon);
+    const x = slat * clon * sez.s + -slon * sez.e + clat * clon * sez.z + obsEcf.x;
+    const y = slat * slon * sez.s + clon * sez.e + clat * slon * sez.z + obsEcf.y;
+    const z = -clat * sez.s + slat * sez.z + obsEcf.z;
+    return { x, y, z };
+}
+/**
+ * Converts a vector from RAE (Range, Azimuth, Elevation) coordinates to ECI (Earth-Centered Inertial) coordinates.
+ * @variation cached - results are cached
+ * @param rae The vector in RAE coordinates.
+ * @param lla The vector in LLA (Latitude, Longitude, Altitude) coordinates.
+ * @param gmst The Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time.
+ * @returns The vector in ECI coordinates.
+ */
+export function rae2eci(rae, lla, gmst) {
+    const ecf = rae2ecf(rae, lla);
+    const eci = ecf2eci(ecf, gmst);
+    return eci;
+}
+/**
+ * Converts a vector in RAE (Range, Azimuth, Elevation) coordinates to ENU (East, North, Up) coordinates.
+ * @param rae - The vector in RAE coordinates.
+ * @returns The vector in ENU coordinates.
+ */
+export function rae2enu(rae) {
+    const e = (rae.rng * Math.cos(rae.el) * Math.sin(rae.az));
+    const n = (rae.rng * Math.cos(rae.el) * Math.cos(rae.az));
+    const u = (rae.rng * Math.sin(rae.el));
+    return { x: e, y: n, z: u };
+}
+/**
+ * Converts South, East, and Zenith (SEZ) coordinates to Right Ascension, Elevation, and Range (RAE) coordinates.
+ * @param sez The SEZ coordinates.
+ * @returns Rng, Az, El array
+ */
+export function sez2rae(sez) {
+    const rng = Math.sqrt(sez.s * sez.s + sez.e * sez.e + sez.z * sez.z);
+    const el = Math.asin(sez.z / rng);
+    const az = (Math.atan2(-sez.e, sez.s) + PI);
+    return { rng, az, el };
+}
+/**
+ * Converts Earth-Centered Fixed (ECF) coordinates to Right Ascension (RA),
+ * Elevation (E), and Azimuth (A) coordinates.
+ * @param lla The Latitude, Longitude, and Altitude (LLA) coordinates.
+ * @param ecf The Earth-Centered Fixed (ECF) coordinates.
+ * @returns The Right Ascension (RA), Elevation (E), and Azimuth (A) coordinates.
+ */
+export function ecfRad2rae(lla, ecf) {
+    const sezCoords = lla2sez(lla, ecf);
+    const rae = sez2rae(sezCoords);
+    return { rng: rae.rng, az: (rae.az * RAD2DEG), el: (rae.el * RAD2DEG) };
+}
+/**
+ * Converts Earth-Centered Fixed (ECF) coordinates to Right Ascension (RA),
+ * Elevation (E), and Azimuth (A) coordinates.
+ * @variation cached - results are cached
+ * @param lla The Latitude, Longitude, and Altitude (LLA) coordinates.
+ * @param ecf The Earth-Centered Fixed (ECF) coordinates.
+ * @returns The Right Ascension (RA), Elevation (E), and Azimuth (A) coordinates.
+ */
+export function ecf2rae(lla, ecf) {
+    const { lat, lon } = lla;
+    const latRad = (lat * DEG2RAD);
+    const lonRad = (lon * DEG2RAD);
+    const rae = ecfRad2rae({ lat: latRad, lon: lonRad, alt: lla.alt }, ecf);
+    return rae;
+}
+export const jday = (year, mon, day, hr, minute, sec) => {
+    if (typeof year === 'undefined') {
+        const now = new Date();
+        const jDayStart = new Date(now.getUTCFullYear(), 0, 0);
+        const jDayDiff = now.getDate() - jDayStart.getDate();
+        return Math.floor(jDayDiff / MILLISECONDS_TO_DAYS);
+    }
+    if (typeof mon === 'undefined' ||
+        typeof day === 'undefined' ||
+        typeof hr === 'undefined' ||
+        typeof minute === 'undefined' ||
+        typeof sec === 'undefined') {
+        throw new Error('Invalid date');
+    }
+    return (367.0 * year -
+        Math.floor(7 * (year + Math.floor((mon + 9) / 12.0)) * 0.25) +
+        Math.floor((275 * mon) / 9.0) +
+        day +
+        1721013.5 +
+        ((sec / 60.0 + minute) / 60.0 + hr) / 24.0);
+};
+/**
+ * Calculates the Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time (GMST) for a given date.
+ * @param date - The date for which to calculate the GMST.
+ * @returns An object containing the GMST value and the Julian date.
+ */
+export function calcGmst(date) {
+    const j = jday(date.getUTCFullYear(), date.getUTCMonth() + 1, date.getUTCDate(), date.getUTCHours(), date.getUTCMinutes(), date.getUTCSeconds()) +
+        date.getUTCMilliseconds() * MILLISECONDS_TO_DAYS;
+    const gmst = Sgp4.gstime(j);
+    return { gmst, j };
+}
+/**
+ * Converts ECI coordinates to RAE (Right Ascension, Azimuth, Elevation) coordinates.
+ * @variation cached - results are cached
+ * @param now - Current date and time.
+ * @param eci - ECI coordinates of the satellite.
+ * @param sensor - Sensor object containing observer's geodetic coordinates.
+ * @returns Object containing azimuth, elevation and range in degrees and kilometers respectively.
+ */
+export function eci2rae(now, eci, sensor) {
+    now = new Date(now);
+    const { gmst } = calcGmst(now);
+    const positionEcf = eci2ecf(eci, gmst);
+    const lla = {
+        lat: (sensor.lat * DEG2RAD),
+        lon: (sensor.lon * DEG2RAD),
+        alt: sensor.alt,
+    };
+    const rae = ecfRad2rae(lla, positionEcf);
+    return rae;
+}
+/**
+ * Calculates the inertial azimuth of a satellite given its latitude and inclination.
+ * @param lat - The latitude of the satellite in degrees.
+ * @param inc - The inclination of the satellite in degrees.
+ * @returns The inertial azimuth of the satellite in degrees.
+ */
+export function calcInertAz(lat, inc) {
+    const phi = lat * DEG2RAD;
+    const i = inc * DEG2RAD;
+    const az = Math.asin(Math.cos(i) / Math.cos(phi));
+    return (az * RAD2DEG);
+}
+/**
+ * Calculates the inclination angle of a satellite from its launch azimuth and latitude.
+ * @param lat - The latitude of the observer in degrees.
+ * @param az - The launch azimuth angle of the satellite in degrees clockwise from north.
+ * @returns The inclination angle of the satellite in degrees.
+ */
+export function calcIncFromAz(lat, az) {
+    const phi = lat * DEG2RAD;
+    const beta = az * DEG2RAD;
+    const inc = Math.acos(Math.sin(beta) * Math.cos(phi));
+    return (inc * RAD2DEG);
+}
 /**
  * Converts Azimuth and Elevation to U and V.
  * Azimuth is the angle off of boresight in the horizontal plane.