novahiz 0.1.0

package/skills/api-design-reviewer/scripts/breaking_change_detector.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1102 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Breaking Change Detector - Compares API specification versions to identify breaking changes.
+
+This script analyzes two versions of an API specification and detects potentially
+breaking changes including:
+- Removed endpoints
+- Modified response structures
+- Removed or renamed fields
+- Field type changes
+- New required fields
+- HTTP status code changes
+- Parameter changes
+
+Generates detailed reports with migration guides for each breaking change.
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import sys
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Set, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from enum import Enum
+
+
+class ChangeType(Enum):
+    """Types of API changes."""
+    BREAKING = "breaking"
+    POTENTIALLY_BREAKING = "potentially_breaking"
+    NON_BREAKING = "non_breaking"
+    ENHANCEMENT = "enhancement"
+
+
+class ChangeSeverity(Enum):
+    """Severity levels for changes."""
+    CRITICAL = "critical"     # Will definitely break clients
+    HIGH = "high"            # Likely to break some clients
+    MEDIUM = "medium"        # May break clients depending on usage
+    LOW = "low"             # Minor impact, unlikely to break clients
+    INFO = "info"           # Informational, no breaking impact
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Change:
+    """Represents a detected change between API versions."""
+    change_type: ChangeType
+    severity: ChangeSeverity
+    category: str
+    path: str
+    message: str
+    old_value: Any = None
+    new_value: Any = None
+    migration_guide: str = ""
+    impact_description: str = ""
+    
+    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Convert change to dictionary for JSON serialization."""
+        return {
+            "changeType": self.change_type.value,
+            "severity": self.severity.value,
+            "category": self.category,
+            "path": self.path,
+            "message": self.message,
+            "oldValue": self.old_value,
+            "newValue": self.new_value,
+            "migrationGuide": self.migration_guide,
+            "impactDescription": self.impact_description
+        }
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ComparisonReport:
+    """Complete comparison report between two API versions."""
+    changes: List[Change] = field(default_factory=list)
+    summary: Dict[str, int] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    
+    def add_change(self, change: Change) -> None:
+        """Add a change to the report."""
+        self.changes.append(change)
+    
+    def calculate_summary(self) -> None:
+        """Calculate summary statistics."""
+        self.summary = {
+            "total_changes": len(self.changes),
+            "breaking_changes": len([c for c in self.changes if c.change_type == ChangeType.BREAKING]),
+            "potentially_breaking_changes": len([c for c in self.changes if c.change_type == ChangeType.POTENTIALLY_BREAKING]),
+            "non_breaking_changes": len([c for c in self.changes if c.change_type == ChangeType.NON_BREAKING]),
+            "enhancements": len([c for c in self.changes if c.change_type == ChangeType.ENHANCEMENT]),
+            "critical_severity": len([c for c in self.changes if c.severity == ChangeSeverity.CRITICAL]),
+            "high_severity": len([c for c in self.changes if c.severity == ChangeSeverity.HIGH]),
+            "medium_severity": len([c for c in self.changes if c.severity == ChangeSeverity.MEDIUM]),
+            "low_severity": len([c for c in self.changes if c.severity == ChangeSeverity.LOW]),
+            "info_severity": len([c for c in self.changes if c.severity == ChangeSeverity.INFO])
+        }
+    
+    def has_breaking_changes(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if report contains any breaking changes."""
+        return any(c.change_type in [ChangeType.BREAKING, ChangeType.POTENTIALLY_BREAKING] 
+                  for c in self.changes)
+
+
+class BreakingChangeDetector:
+    """Main breaking change detection engine."""
+    
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.report = ComparisonReport()
+        self.old_spec: Optional[Dict] = None
+        self.new_spec: Optional[Dict] = None
+    
+    def compare_specs(self, old_spec: Dict[str, Any], new_spec: Dict[str, Any]) -> ComparisonReport:
+        """Compare two API specifications and detect changes."""
+        self.old_spec = old_spec
+        self.new_spec = new_spec
+        self.report = ComparisonReport()
+        
+        # Compare different sections of the API specification
+        self._compare_info_section()
+        self._compare_servers_section()
+        self._compare_paths_section()
+        self._compare_components_section()
+        self._compare_security_section()
+        
+        # Calculate summary statistics
+        self.report.calculate_summary()
+        
+        return self.report
+    
+    def _compare_info_section(self) -> None:
+        """Compare API info sections."""
+        old_info = self.old_spec.get('info', {})
+        new_info = self.new_spec.get('info', {})
+        
+        # Version comparison
+        old_version = old_info.get('version', '')
+        new_version = new_info.get('version', '')
+        
+        if old_version != new_version:
+            self.report.add_change(Change(
+                change_type=ChangeType.NON_BREAKING,
+                severity=ChangeSeverity.INFO,
+                category="versioning",
+                path="/info/version",
+                message=f"API version changed from '{old_version}' to '{new_version}'",
+                old_value=old_version,
+                new_value=new_version,
+                impact_description="Version change indicates API evolution"
+            ))
+        
+        # Title comparison
+        old_title = old_info.get('title', '')
+        new_title = new_info.get('title', '')
+        
+        if old_title != new_title:
+            self.report.add_change(Change(
+                change_type=ChangeType.NON_BREAKING,
+                severity=ChangeSeverity.INFO,
+                category="metadata",
+                path="/info/title",
+                message=f"API title changed from '{old_title}' to '{new_title}'",
+                old_value=old_title,
+                new_value=new_title,
+                impact_description="Title change is cosmetic and doesn't affect functionality"
+            ))
+    
+    def _compare_servers_section(self) -> None:
+        """Compare server configurations."""
+        old_servers = self.old_spec.get('servers', [])
+        new_servers = self.new_spec.get('servers', [])
+        
+        old_urls = {server.get('url', '') for server in old_servers if isinstance(server, dict)}
+        new_urls = {server.get('url', '') for server in new_servers if isinstance(server, dict)}
+        
+        # Removed servers
+        removed_urls = old_urls - new_urls
+        for url in removed_urls:
+            self.report.add_change(Change(
+                change_type=ChangeType.BREAKING,
+                severity=ChangeSeverity.HIGH,
+                category="servers",
+                path="/servers",
+                message=f"Server URL removed: {url}",
+                old_value=url,
+                new_value=None,
+                migration_guide=f"Update client configurations to use alternative server URLs: {list(new_urls)}",
+                impact_description="Clients configured to use removed server URL will fail to connect"
+            ))
+        
+        # Added servers
+        added_urls = new_urls - old_urls
+        for url in added_urls:
+            self.report.add_change(Change(
+                change_type=ChangeType.ENHANCEMENT,
+                severity=ChangeSeverity.INFO,
+                category="servers",
+                path="/servers",
+                message=f"New server URL added: {url}",
+                old_value=None,
+                new_value=url,
+                impact_description="New server option provides additional deployment flexibility"
+            ))
+    
+    def _compare_paths_section(self) -> None:
+        """Compare API paths and operations."""
+        old_paths = self.old_spec.get('paths', {})
+        new_paths = self.new_spec.get('paths', {})
+        
+        # Find removed, added, and modified paths
+        old_path_set = set(old_paths.keys())
+        new_path_set = set(new_paths.keys())
+        
+        removed_paths = old_path_set - new_path_set
+        added_paths = new_path_set - old_path_set
+        common_paths = old_path_set & new_path_set
+        
+        # Handle removed paths
+        for path in removed_paths:
+            old_operations = self._extract_operations(old_paths[path])
+            for method in old_operations:
+                self.report.add_change(Change(
+                    change_type=ChangeType.BREAKING,
+                    severity=ChangeSeverity.CRITICAL,
+                    category="endpoints",
+                    path=f"/paths{path}",
+                    message=f"Endpoint removed: {method.upper()} {path}",
+                    old_value=f"{method.upper()} {path}",
+                    new_value=None,
+                    migration_guide=self._generate_endpoint_removal_migration(path, method, new_paths),
+                    impact_description="Clients using this endpoint will receive 404 errors"
+                ))
+        
+        # Handle added paths
+        for path in added_paths:
+            new_operations = self._extract_operations(new_paths[path])
+            for method in new_operations:
+                self.report.add_change(Change(
+                    change_type=ChangeType.ENHANCEMENT,
+                    severity=ChangeSeverity.INFO,
+                    category="endpoints",
+                    path=f"/paths{path}",
+                    message=f"New endpoint added: {method.upper()} {path}",
+                    old_value=None,
+                    new_value=f"{method.upper()} {path}",
+                    impact_description="New functionality available to clients"
+                ))
+        
+        # Handle modified paths
+        for path in common_paths:
+            self._compare_path_operations(path, old_paths[path], new_paths[path])
+    
+    def _extract_operations(self, path_object: Dict[str, Any]) -> List[str]:
+        """Extract HTTP operations from a path object."""
+        http_methods = {'get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'head', 'options', 'trace'}
+        return [method for method in path_object.keys() if method.lower() in http_methods]
+    
+    def _compare_path_operations(self, path: str, old_path_obj: Dict, new_path_obj: Dict) -> None:
+        """Compare operations within a specific path."""
+        old_operations = set(self._extract_operations(old_path_obj))
+        new_operations = set(self._extract_operations(new_path_obj))
+        
+        # Removed operations
+        removed_ops = old_operations - new_operations
+        for method in removed_ops:
+            self.report.add_change(Change(
+                change_type=ChangeType.BREAKING,
+                severity=ChangeSeverity.CRITICAL,
+                category="endpoints",
+                path=f"/paths{path}/{method}",
+                message=f"HTTP method removed: {method.upper()} {path}",
+                old_value=f"{method.upper()} {path}",
+                new_value=None,
+                migration_guide=self._generate_method_removal_migration(path, method, new_operations),
+                impact_description="Clients using this method will receive 405 Method Not Allowed errors"
+            ))
+        
+        # Added operations
+        added_ops = new_operations - old_operations
+        for method in added_ops:
+            self.report.add_change(Change(
+                change_type=ChangeType.ENHANCEMENT,
+                severity=ChangeSeverity.INFO,
+                category="endpoints",
+                path=f"/paths{path}/{method}",
+                message=f"New HTTP method added: {method.upper()} {path}",
+                old_value=None,
+                new_value=f"{method.upper()} {path}",
+                impact_description="New method provides additional functionality for this resource"
+            ))
+        
+        # Modified operations
+        common_ops = old_operations & new_operations
+        for method in common_ops:
+            self._compare_operation_details(path, method, old_path_obj[method], new_path_obj[method])
+    
+    def _compare_operation_details(self, path: str, method: str, old_op: Dict, new_op: Dict) -> None:
+        """Compare details of individual operations."""
+        operation_path = f"/paths{path}/{method}"
+        
+        # Compare parameters
+        self._compare_parameters(operation_path, old_op.get('parameters', []), new_op.get('parameters', []))
+        
+        # Compare request body
+        self._compare_request_body(operation_path, old_op.get('requestBody'), new_op.get('requestBody'))
+        
+        # Compare responses
+        self._compare_responses(operation_path, old_op.get('responses', {}), new_op.get('responses', {}))
+        
+        # Compare security requirements
+        self._compare_security_requirements(operation_path, old_op.get('security'), new_op.get('security'))
+    
+    def _compare_parameters(self, base_path: str, old_params: List[Dict], new_params: List[Dict]) -> None:
+        """Compare operation parameters."""
+        # Create lookup dictionaries
+        old_param_map = {(p.get('name'), p.get('in')): p for p in old_params}
+        new_param_map = {(p.get('name'), p.get('in')): p for p in new_params}
+        
+        old_param_keys = set(old_param_map.keys())
+        new_param_keys = set(new_param_map.keys())
+        
+        # Removed parameters
+        removed_params = old_param_keys - new_param_keys
+        for param_key in removed_params:
+            name, location = param_key
+            self.report.add_change(Change(
+                change_type=ChangeType.BREAKING,
+                severity=ChangeSeverity.HIGH,
+                category="parameters",
+                path=f"{base_path}/parameters",
+                message=f"Parameter removed: {name} (in: {location})",
+                old_value=old_param_map[param_key],
+                new_value=None,
+                migration_guide=f"Remove '{name}' parameter from {location} when calling this endpoint",
+                impact_description="Clients sending this parameter may receive validation errors"
+            ))
+        
+        # Added parameters
+        added_params = new_param_keys - old_param_keys
+        for param_key in added_params:
+            name, location = param_key
+            new_param = new_param_map[param_key]
+            is_required = new_param.get('required', False)
+            
+            if is_required:
+                self.report.add_change(Change(
+                    change_type=ChangeType.BREAKING,
+                    severity=ChangeSeverity.CRITICAL,
+                    category="parameters",
+                    path=f"{base_path}/parameters",
+                    message=f"New required parameter added: {name} (in: {location})",
+                    old_value=None,
+                    new_value=new_param,
+                    migration_guide=f"Add required '{name}' parameter to {location} when calling this endpoint",
+                    impact_description="Clients not providing this parameter will receive 400 Bad Request errors"
+                ))
+            else:
+                self.report.add_change(Change(
+                    change_type=ChangeType.NON_BREAKING,
+                    severity=ChangeSeverity.INFO,
+                    category="parameters",
+                    path=f"{base_path}/parameters",
+                    message=f"New optional parameter added: {name} (in: {location})",
+                    old_value=None,
+                    new_value=new_param,
+                    impact_description="Optional parameter provides additional functionality"
+                ))
+        
+        # Modified parameters
+        common_params = old_param_keys & new_param_keys
+        for param_key in common_params:
+            name, location = param_key
+            old_param = old_param_map[param_key]
+            new_param = new_param_map[param_key]
+            self._compare_parameter_details(base_path, name, location, old_param, new_param)
+    
+    def _compare_parameter_details(self, base_path: str, name: str, location: str, 
+                                 old_param: Dict, new_param: Dict) -> None:
+        """Compare individual parameter details."""
+        param_path = f"{base_path}/parameters/{name}"
+        
+        # Required status change
+        old_required = old_param.get('required', False)
+        new_required = new_param.get('required', False)
+        
+        if old_required != new_required:
+            if new_required:
+                self.report.add_change(Change(
+                    change_type=ChangeType.BREAKING,
+                    severity=ChangeSeverity.HIGH,
+                    category="parameters",
+                    path=param_path,
+                    message=f"Parameter '{name}' is now required (was optional)",
+                    old_value=old_required,
+                    new_value=new_required,
+                    migration_guide=f"Ensure '{name}' parameter is always provided when calling this endpoint",
+                    impact_description="Clients not providing this parameter will receive validation errors"
+                ))
+            else:
+                self.report.add_change(Change(
+                    change_type=ChangeType.NON_BREAKING,
+                    severity=ChangeSeverity.INFO,
+                    category="parameters",
+                    path=param_path,
+                    message=f"Parameter '{name}' is now optional (was required)",
+                    old_value=old_required,
+                    new_value=new_required,
+                    impact_description="Parameter is now optional, providing more flexibility to clients"
+                ))
+        
+        # Schema/type changes
+        old_schema = old_param.get('schema', {})
+        new_schema = new_param.get('schema', {})
+        
+        if old_schema != new_schema:
+            self._compare_schemas(param_path, old_schema, new_schema, f"parameter '{name}'")
+    
+    def _compare_request_body(self, base_path: str, old_body: Optional[Dict], new_body: Optional[Dict]) -> None:
+        """Compare request body specifications."""
+        body_path = f"{base_path}/requestBody"
+        
+        # Request body added
+        if old_body is None and new_body is not None:
+            is_required = new_body.get('required', False)
+            if is_required:
+                self.report.add_change(Change(
+                    change_type=ChangeType.BREAKING,
+                    severity=ChangeSeverity.HIGH,
+                    category="request_body",
+                    path=body_path,
+                    message="Required request body added",
+                    old_value=None,
+                    new_value=new_body,
+                    migration_guide="Include request body with appropriate content type when calling this endpoint",
+                    impact_description="Clients not providing request body will receive validation errors"
+                ))
+            else:
+                self.report.add_change(Change(
+                    change_type=ChangeType.NON_BREAKING,
+                    severity=ChangeSeverity.INFO,
+                    category="request_body",
+                    path=body_path,
+                    message="Optional request body added",
+                    old_value=None,
+                    new_value=new_body,
+                    impact_description="Optional request body provides additional functionality"
+                ))
+        
+        # Request body removed
+        elif old_body is not None and new_body is None:
+            self.report.add_change(Change(
+                change_type=ChangeType.BREAKING,
+                severity=ChangeSeverity.HIGH,
+                category="request_body",
+                path=body_path,
+                message="Request body removed",
+                old_value=old_body,
+                new_value=None,
+                migration_guide="Remove request body when calling this endpoint",
+                impact_description="Clients sending request body may receive validation errors"
+            ))
+        
+        # Request body modified
+        elif old_body is not None and new_body is not None:
+            self._compare_request_body_details(body_path, old_body, new_body)
+    
+    def _compare_request_body_details(self, base_path: str, old_body: Dict, new_body: Dict) -> None:
+        """Compare request body details."""
+        # Required status change
+        old_required = old_body.get('required', False)
+        new_required = new_body.get('required', False)
+        
+        if old_required != new_required:
+            if new_required:
+                self.report.add_change(Change(
+                    change_type=ChangeType.BREAKING,
+                    severity=ChangeSeverity.HIGH,
+                    category="request_body",
+                    path=base_path,
+                    message="Request body is now required (was optional)",
+                    old_value=old_required,
+                    new_value=new_required,
+                    migration_guide="Always include request body when calling this endpoint",
+                    impact_description="Clients not providing request body will receive validation errors"
+                ))
+            else:
+                self.report.add_change(Change(
+                    change_type=ChangeType.NON_BREAKING,
+                    severity=ChangeSeverity.INFO,
+                    category="request_body",
+                    path=base_path,
+                    message="Request body is now optional (was required)",
+                    old_value=old_required,
+                    new_value=new_required,
+                    impact_description="Request body is now optional, providing more flexibility"
+                ))
+        
+        # Content type changes
+        old_content = old_body.get('content', {})
+        new_content = new_body.get('content', {})
+        self._compare_content_types(base_path, old_content, new_content, "request body")
+    
+    def _compare_responses(self, base_path: str, old_responses: Dict, new_responses: Dict) -> None:
+        """Compare response specifications."""
+        responses_path = f"{base_path}/responses"
+        
+        old_status_codes = set(old_responses.keys())
+        new_status_codes = set(new_responses.keys())
+        
+        # Removed status codes
+        removed_codes = old_status_codes - new_status_codes
+        for code in removed_codes:
+            self.report.add_change(Change(
+                change_type=ChangeType.BREAKING,
+                severity=ChangeSeverity.HIGH,
+                category="responses",
+                path=f"{responses_path}/{code}",
+                message=f"Response status code {code} removed",
+                old_value=old_responses[code],
+                new_value=None,
+                migration_guide=f"Handle alternative status codes: {list(new_status_codes)}",
+                impact_description=f"Clients expecting status code {code} need to handle different responses"
+            ))
+        
+        # Added status codes
+        added_codes = new_status_codes - old_status_codes
+        for code in added_codes:
+            self.report.add_change(Change(
+                change_type=ChangeType.NON_BREAKING,
+                severity=ChangeSeverity.INFO,
+                category="responses",
+                path=f"{responses_path}/{code}",
+                message=f"New response status code {code} added",
+                old_value=None,
+                new_value=new_responses[code],
+                impact_description="New status code provides more specific response information"
+            ))
+        
+        # Modified responses
+        common_codes = old_status_codes & new_status_codes
+        for code in common_codes:
+            self._compare_response_details(responses_path, code, old_responses[code], new_responses[code])
+    
+    def _compare_response_details(self, base_path: str, status_code: str, 
+                                old_response: Dict, new_response: Dict) -> None:
+        """Compare individual response details."""
+        response_path = f"{base_path}/{status_code}"
+        
+        # Compare content types and schemas
+        old_content = old_response.get('content', {})
+        new_content = new_response.get('content', {})
+        
+        self._compare_content_types(response_path, old_content, new_content, f"response {status_code}")
+    
+    def _compare_content_types(self, base_path: str, old_content: Dict, new_content: Dict, context: str) -> None:
+        """Compare content types and their schemas."""
+        old_types = set(old_content.keys())
+        new_types = set(new_content.keys())
+        
+        # Removed content types
+        removed_types = old_types - new_types
+        for content_type in removed_types:
+            self.report.add_change(Change(
+                change_type=ChangeType.BREAKING,
+                severity=ChangeSeverity.HIGH,
+                category="content_types",
+                path=f"{base_path}/content",
+                message=f"Content type '{content_type}' removed from {context}",
+                old_value=content_type,
+                new_value=None,
+                migration_guide=f"Use alternative content types: {list(new_types)}",
+                impact_description=f"Clients expecting '{content_type}' need to handle different formats"
+            ))
+        
+        # Added content types
+        added_types = new_types - old_types
+        for content_type in added_types:
+            self.report.add_change(Change(
+                change_type=ChangeType.ENHANCEMENT,
+                severity=ChangeSeverity.INFO,
+                category="content_types",
+                path=f"{base_path}/content",
+                message=f"New content type '{content_type}' added to {context}",
+                old_value=None,
+                new_value=content_type,
+                impact_description=f"Additional format option available for {context}"
+            ))
+        
+        # Modified schemas for common content types
+        common_types = old_types & new_types
+        for content_type in common_types:
+            old_media = old_content[content_type]
+            new_media = new_content[content_type]
+            
+            old_schema = old_media.get('schema', {})
+            new_schema = new_media.get('schema', {})
+            
+            if old_schema != new_schema:
+                schema_path = f"{base_path}/content/{content_type}/schema"
+                self._compare_schemas(schema_path, old_schema, new_schema, f"{context} ({content_type})")
+    
+    def _compare_schemas(self, base_path: str, old_schema: Dict, new_schema: Dict, context: str) -> None:
+        """Compare schema definitions."""
+        # Type changes
+        old_type = old_schema.get('type')
+        new_type = new_schema.get('type')
+        
+        if old_type != new_type and old_type is not None and new_type is not None:
+            self.report.add_change(Change(
+                change_type=ChangeType.BREAKING,
+                severity=ChangeSeverity.CRITICAL,
+                category="schema",
+                path=base_path,
+                message=f"Schema type changed from '{old_type}' to '{new_type}' for {context}",
+                old_value=old_type,
+                new_value=new_type,
+                migration_guide=f"Update client code to handle {new_type} instead of {old_type}",
+                impact_description="Type change will break client parsing and validation"
+            ))
+        
+        # Property changes for object types
+        if old_schema.get('type') == 'object' and new_schema.get('type') == 'object':
+            self._compare_object_properties(base_path, old_schema, new_schema, context)
+        
+        # Array item changes
+        if old_schema.get('type') == 'array' and new_schema.get('type') == 'array':
+            old_items = old_schema.get('items', {})
+            new_items = new_schema.get('items', {})
+            if old_items != new_items:
+                self._compare_schemas(f"{base_path}/items", old_items, new_items, f"{context} items")
+    
+    def _compare_object_properties(self, base_path: str, old_schema: Dict, new_schema: Dict, context: str) -> None:
+        """Compare object schema properties."""
+        old_props = old_schema.get('properties', {})
+        new_props = new_schema.get('properties', {})
+        old_required = set(old_schema.get('required', []))
+        new_required = set(new_schema.get('required', []))
+        
+        old_prop_names = set(old_props.keys())
+        new_prop_names = set(new_props.keys())
+        
+        # Removed properties
+        removed_props = old_prop_names - new_prop_names
+        for prop_name in removed_props:
+            severity = ChangeSeverity.CRITICAL if prop_name in old_required else ChangeSeverity.HIGH
+            self.report.add_change(Change(
+                change_type=ChangeType.BREAKING,
+                severity=severity,
+                category="schema",
+                path=f"{base_path}/properties",
+                message=f"Property '{prop_name}' removed from {context}",
+                old_value=old_props[prop_name],
+                new_value=None,
+                migration_guide=f"Remove references to '{prop_name}' property in client code",
+                impact_description="Clients expecting this property will receive incomplete data"
+            ))
+        
+        # Added properties
+        added_props = new_prop_names - old_prop_names
+        for prop_name in added_props:
+            if prop_name in new_required:
+                # This is handled separately in required field changes
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.report.add_change(Change(
+                    change_type=ChangeType.NON_BREAKING,
+                    severity=ChangeSeverity.INFO,
+                    category="schema",
+                    path=f"{base_path}/properties",
+                    message=f"New optional property '{prop_name}' added to {context}",
+                    old_value=None,
+                    new_value=new_props[prop_name],
+                    impact_description="New property provides additional data without breaking existing clients"
+                ))
+        
+        # Required field changes
+        added_required = new_required - old_required
+        removed_required = old_required - new_required
+        
+        for prop_name in added_required:
+            self.report.add_change(Change(
+                change_type=ChangeType.BREAKING,
+                severity=ChangeSeverity.CRITICAL,
+                category="schema",
+                path=f"{base_path}/properties",
+                message=f"Property '{prop_name}' is now required in {context}",
+                old_value=False,
+                new_value=True,
+                migration_guide=f"Ensure '{prop_name}' is always provided when sending {context}",
+                impact_description="Clients not providing this property will receive validation errors"
+            ))
+        
+        for prop_name in removed_required:
+            self.report.add_change(Change(
+                change_type=ChangeType.NON_BREAKING,
+                severity=ChangeSeverity.INFO,
+                category="schema",
+                path=f"{base_path}/properties",
+                message=f"Property '{prop_name}' is no longer required in {context}",
+                old_value=True,
+                new_value=False,
+                impact_description="Property is now optional, providing more flexibility"
+            ))
+        
+        # Modified properties
+        common_props = old_prop_names & new_prop_names
+        for prop_name in common_props:
+            old_prop = old_props[prop_name]
+            new_prop = new_props[prop_name]
+            if old_prop != new_prop:
+                self._compare_schemas(f"{base_path}/properties/{prop_name}", 
+                                    old_prop, new_prop, f"{context}.{prop_name}")
+    
+    def _compare_security_requirements(self, base_path: str, old_security: Optional[List], 
+                                     new_security: Optional[List]) -> None:
+        """Compare security requirements."""
+        # Simplified security comparison - could be expanded
+        if old_security != new_security:
+            severity = ChangeSeverity.HIGH if new_security else ChangeSeverity.CRITICAL
+            change_type = ChangeType.BREAKING
+            
+            if old_security is None and new_security is not None:
+                message = "Security requirements added"
+                migration_guide = "Ensure proper authentication/authorization when calling this endpoint"
+                impact = "Endpoint now requires authentication"
+            elif old_security is not None and new_security is None:
+                message = "Security requirements removed"
+                migration_guide = "Authentication is no longer required for this endpoint"
+                impact = "Endpoint is now publicly accessible"
+                severity = ChangeSeverity.MEDIUM  # Less severe, more permissive
+            else:
+                message = "Security requirements modified"
+                migration_guide = "Update authentication/authorization method for this endpoint"
+                impact = "Different authentication method required"
+            
+            self.report.add_change(Change(
+                change_type=change_type,
+                severity=severity,
+                category="security",
+                path=f"{base_path}/security",
+                message=message,
+                old_value=old_security,
+                new_value=new_security,
+                migration_guide=migration_guide,
+                impact_description=impact
+            ))
+    
+    def _compare_components_section(self) -> None:
+        """Compare components sections."""
+        old_components = self.old_spec.get('components', {})
+        new_components = self.new_spec.get('components', {})
+        
+        # Compare schemas
+        old_schemas = old_components.get('schemas', {})
+        new_schemas = new_components.get('schemas', {})
+        
+        old_schema_names = set(old_schemas.keys())
+        new_schema_names = set(new_schemas.keys())
+        
+        # Removed schemas
+        removed_schemas = old_schema_names - new_schema_names
+        for schema_name in removed_schemas:
+            self.report.add_change(Change(
+                change_type=ChangeType.BREAKING,
+                severity=ChangeSeverity.HIGH,
+                category="components",
+                path=f"/components/schemas/{schema_name}",
+                message=f"Schema '{schema_name}' removed from components",
+                old_value=old_schemas[schema_name],
+                new_value=None,
+                migration_guide=f"Remove references to schema '{schema_name}' or use alternative schemas",
+                impact_description="References to this schema will fail validation"
+            ))
+        
+        # Added schemas
+        added_schemas = new_schema_names - old_schema_names
+        for schema_name in added_schemas:
+            self.report.add_change(Change(
+                change_type=ChangeType.ENHANCEMENT,
+                severity=ChangeSeverity.INFO,
+                category="components",
+                path=f"/components/schemas/{schema_name}",
+                message=f"New schema '{schema_name}' added to components",
+                old_value=None,
+                new_value=new_schemas[schema_name],
+                impact_description="New reusable schema available"
+            ))
+        
+        # Modified schemas
+        common_schemas = old_schema_names & new_schema_names
+        for schema_name in common_schemas:
+            old_schema = old_schemas[schema_name]
+            new_schema = new_schemas[schema_name]
+            if old_schema != new_schema:
+                self._compare_schemas(f"/components/schemas/{schema_name}", 
+                                    old_schema, new_schema, f"schema '{schema_name}'")
+    
+    def _compare_security_section(self) -> None:
+        """Compare security definitions."""
+        old_security_schemes = self.old_spec.get('components', {}).get('securitySchemes', {})
+        new_security_schemes = self.new_spec.get('components', {}).get('securitySchemes', {})
+        
+        if old_security_schemes != new_security_schemes:
+            # Simplified comparison - could be more detailed
+            self.report.add_change(Change(
+                change_type=ChangeType.POTENTIALLY_BREAKING,
+                severity=ChangeSeverity.MEDIUM,
+                category="security",
+                path="/components/securitySchemes",
+                message="Security scheme definitions changed",
+                old_value=old_security_schemes,
+                new_value=new_security_schemes,
+                migration_guide="Review authentication implementation for compatibility with new security schemes",
+                impact_description="Authentication mechanisms may have changed"
+            ))
+    
+    def _generate_endpoint_removal_migration(self, removed_path: str, method: str, 
+                                           remaining_paths: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+        """Generate migration guide for removed endpoints."""
+        # Look for similar endpoints
+        similar_paths = []
+        path_segments = removed_path.strip('/').split('/')
+        
+        for existing_path in remaining_paths.keys():
+            existing_segments = existing_path.strip('/').split('/')
+            if len(existing_segments) == len(path_segments):
+                # Check similarity
+                similarity = sum(1 for i, seg in enumerate(path_segments) 
+                               if i < len(existing_segments) and seg == existing_segments[i])
+                if similarity >= len(path_segments) * 0.5:  # At least 50% similar
+                    similar_paths.append(existing_path)
+        
+        if similar_paths:
+            return f"Consider using alternative endpoints: {', '.join(similar_paths[:3])}"
+        else:
+            return "No direct replacement available. Review API documentation for alternative approaches."
+    
+    def _generate_method_removal_migration(self, path: str, removed_method: str, 
+                                         remaining_methods: Set[str]) -> str:
+        """Generate migration guide for removed HTTP methods."""
+        method_alternatives = {
+            'get': ['head'],
+            'post': ['put', 'patch'],
+            'put': ['post', 'patch'],
+            'patch': ['put', 'post'],
+            'delete': []
+        }
+        
+        alternatives = []
+        for alt_method in method_alternatives.get(removed_method.lower(), []):
+            if alt_method in remaining_methods:
+                alternatives.append(alt_method.upper())
+        
+        if alternatives:
+            return f"Use alternative methods: {', '.join(alternatives)}"
+        else:
+            return f"No alternative HTTP methods available for {path}"
+    
+    def generate_json_report(self) -> str:
+        """Generate JSON format report."""
+        report_data = {
+            "summary": self.report.summary,
+            "hasBreakingChanges": self.report.has_breaking_changes(),
+            "changes": [change.to_dict() for change in self.report.changes]
+        }
+        
+        return json.dumps(report_data, indent=2)
+    
+    def generate_text_report(self) -> str:
+        """Generate human-readable text report."""
+        lines = [
+            "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════",
+            "                  BREAKING CHANGE ANALYSIS REPORT",
+            "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════",
+            "",
+            "SUMMARY:",
+            f"  Total Changes: {self.report.summary.get('total_changes', 0)}",
+            f"  🔴 Breaking Changes: {self.report.summary.get('breaking_changes', 0)}",
+            f"  🟡 Potentially Breaking: {self.report.summary.get('potentially_breaking_changes', 0)}",
+            f"  🟢 Non-Breaking Changes: {self.report.summary.get('non_breaking_changes', 0)}",
+            f"  ✨ Enhancements: {self.report.summary.get('enhancements', 0)}",
+            "",
+            "SEVERITY BREAKDOWN:",
+            f"  🚨 Critical: {self.report.summary.get('critical_severity', 0)}",
+            f"  ⚠️  High: {self.report.summary.get('high_severity', 0)}",
+            f"  ⚪ Medium: {self.report.summary.get('medium_severity', 0)}",
+            f"  🔵 Low: {self.report.summary.get('low_severity', 0)}",
+            f"  ℹ️  Info: {self.report.summary.get('info_severity', 0)}",
+            ""
+        ]
+        
+        if not self.report.changes:
+            lines.extend([
+                "🎉 No changes detected between the API versions!",
+                ""
+            ])
+        else:
+            # Group changes by type and severity
+            breaking_changes = [c for c in self.report.changes if c.change_type == ChangeType.BREAKING]
+            potentially_breaking = [c for c in self.report.changes if c.change_type == ChangeType.POTENTIALLY_BREAKING]
+            non_breaking = [c for c in self.report.changes if c.change_type == ChangeType.NON_BREAKING]
+            enhancements = [c for c in self.report.changes if c.change_type == ChangeType.ENHANCEMENT]
+            
+            # Breaking changes section
+            if breaking_changes:
+                lines.extend([
+                    "🔴 BREAKING CHANGES:",
+                    "═" * 60
+                ])
+                for change in sorted(breaking_changes, key=lambda x: x.severity.value):
+                    self._add_change_to_report(lines, change)
+                lines.append("")
+            
+            # Potentially breaking changes section
+            if potentially_breaking:
+                lines.extend([
+                    "🟡 POTENTIALLY BREAKING CHANGES:",
+                    "═" * 60
+                ])
+                for change in sorted(potentially_breaking, key=lambda x: x.severity.value):
+                    self._add_change_to_report(lines, change)
+                lines.append("")
+            
+            # Non-breaking changes section
+            if non_breaking:
+                lines.extend([
+                    "🟢 NON-BREAKING CHANGES:",
+                    "═" * 60
+                ])
+                for change in non_breaking:
+                    self._add_change_to_report(lines, change)
+                lines.append("")
+            
+            # Enhancements section
+            if enhancements:
+                lines.extend([
+                    "✨ ENHANCEMENTS:",
+                    "═" * 60
+                ])
+                for change in enhancements:
+                    self._add_change_to_report(lines, change)
+                lines.append("")
+        
+        # Add overall assessment
+        lines.extend([
+            "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════",
+            "OVERALL ASSESSMENT:",
+            "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════"
+        ])
+        
+        if self.report.has_breaking_changes():
+            breaking_count = self.report.summary.get('breaking_changes', 0)
+            potentially_breaking_count = self.report.summary.get('potentially_breaking_changes', 0)
+            
+            if breaking_count > 0:
+                lines.extend([
+                    f"⛔ MAJOR VERSION BUMP REQUIRED",
+                    f"   This API version contains {breaking_count} breaking changes that will",
+                    f"   definitely break existing clients. A major version bump is required.",
+                    ""
+                ])
+            elif potentially_breaking_count > 0:
+                lines.extend([
+                    f"⚠️  MINOR VERSION BUMP RECOMMENDED",
+                    f"   This API version contains {potentially_breaking_count} potentially breaking",
+                    f"   changes. Consider a minor version bump and communicate changes to clients.",
+                    ""
+                ])
+        else:
+            lines.extend([
+                "✅ PATCH VERSION BUMP ACCEPTABLE",
+                "   No breaking changes detected. This version is backward compatible",
+                "   with existing clients.",
+                ""
+            ])
+        
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+    
+    def _add_change_to_report(self, lines: List[str], change: Change) -> None:
+        """Add a change to the text report."""
+        severity_icons = {
+            ChangeSeverity.CRITICAL: "🚨",
+            ChangeSeverity.HIGH: "⚠️ ",
+            ChangeSeverity.MEDIUM: "⚪",
+            ChangeSeverity.LOW: "🔵",
+            ChangeSeverity.INFO: "ℹ️ "
+        }
+        
+        icon = severity_icons.get(change.severity, "❓")
+        
+        lines.extend([
+            f"{icon} {change.severity.value.upper()}: {change.message}",
+            f"   Path: {change.path}",
+            f"   Category: {change.category}"
+        ])
+        
+        if change.impact_description:
+            lines.append(f"   Impact: {change.impact_description}")
+        
+        if change.migration_guide:
+            lines.append(f"   💡 Migration: {change.migration_guide}")
+        
+        lines.append("")
+
+
+def main():
+    """Main CLI entry point."""
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Compare API specification versions to detect breaking changes",
+        formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
+        epilog="""
+Examples:
+  python breaking_change_detector.py v1.json v2.json
+  python breaking_change_detector.py --format json v1.json v2.json > changes.json
+  python breaking_change_detector.py --output report.txt v1.json v2.json
+        """
+    )
+    
+    parser.add_argument(
+        'old_spec',
+        help='Old API specification file (JSON format)'
+    )
+    
+    parser.add_argument(
+        'new_spec',
+        help='New API specification file (JSON format)'
+    )
+    
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--format',
+        choices=['text', 'json'],
+        default='text',
+        help='Output format (default: text)'
+    )
+    
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--output',
+        help='Output file (default: stdout)'
+    )
+    
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--exit-on-breaking',
+        action='store_true',
+        help='Exit with code 1 if breaking changes are detected'
+    )
+    
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    
+    # Load specification files
+    try:
+        with open(args.old_spec, 'r') as f:
+            old_spec = json.load(f)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        print(f"Error: Old specification file '{args.old_spec}' not found.", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+    except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
+        print(f"Error: Invalid JSON in '{args.old_spec}': {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+    
+    try:
+        with open(args.new_spec, 'r') as f:
+            new_spec = json.load(f)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        print(f"Error: New specification file '{args.new_spec}' not found.", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+    except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
+        print(f"Error: Invalid JSON in '{args.new_spec}': {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+    
+    # Initialize detector and compare specifications
+    detector = BreakingChangeDetector()
+    
+    try:
+        report = detector.compare_specs(old_spec, new_spec)
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error during comparison: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+    
+    # Generate report
+    if args.format == 'json':
+        output = detector.generate_json_report()
+    else:
+        output = detector.generate_text_report()
+    
+    # Write output
+    if args.output:
+        try:
+            with open(args.output, 'w') as f:
+                f.write(output)
+            print(f"Breaking change report written to {args.output}")
+        except IOError as e:
+            print(f"Error writing to '{args.output}': {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+            return 1
+    else:
+        print(output)
+    
+    # Exit with appropriate code
+    if args.exit_on_breaking and report.has_breaking_changes():
+        return 1
+    
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.exit(main())