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package/skills/motion-patterns/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: motion-patterns
+description: Production-ready animation patterns for React / Next.js — button, modal, toast, stagger, page transitions, exit animations, scroll, and layout — built on motion-foundations tokens and springs.
+version: 1.0
+tags: [motion, animation, ui-patterns]
+category: frontend
+author: jeff
+---
+
+# Motion Patterns
+
+Copy-paste patterns for the most common UI animation needs.
+Every pattern here is built on `motion-foundations` tokens and springs.
+Do not define new duration or easing values here — import them.
+
+## When to Activate
+
+- Animating a button, card, modal, or toast notification
+- Building list entrances with stagger
+- Setting up page transitions in Next.js App Router
+- Adding entrance or exit animations to conditional content
+- Implementing scroll-reveal, scroll-linked progress, or sticky story sections
+- Building expanding cards, accordions, or shared-element transitions
+
+## Outputs
+
+This skill produces:
+
+- Accessible, SSR-safe animation for all standard UI components
+- `AnimatePresence`-wrapped conditional renders with correct exit behavior
+- Page transition wrapper component for Next.js App Router
+- Scroll-reveal and scroll-linked patterns using `useScroll` + `useTransform`
+- Layout animation patterns (`layout`, `layoutId`) for expanding and crossfading elements
+
+## Principles
+
+- Every pattern imports from `motion-foundations`. No raw numbers.
+- Every conditional render is wrapped in `AnimatePresence` with a `key`.
+- Exit animations are always defined alongside enter animations — never as an afterthought.
+- `layout` is used only for small, isolated shifts. Large subtrees get explicit transforms.
+
+## Rules
+
+1. **Always wrap conditional renders in `AnimatePresence` with a `key`** on the direct child. Without a key, exit animations never fire.
+2. **Always define `exit` when defining `initial` + `animate`.** An animation without an exit is incomplete.
+3. **Use `mode="wait"` on page transitions.** Enter must not start until exit completes.
+4. **Never use `layout` on subtrees with more than ~5 children or deeply nested DOM.** Use explicit `x`/`y` transforms instead.
+5. **Stagger interval must stay between `0.05s` and `0.10s`.** Below feels mechanical; above feels sluggish.
+6. **Modals must always include:** focus trap, Escape-key close, scroll lock, `role="dialog"`, `aria-modal="true"`.
+7. **Scroll reveals use `viewport={{ once: true }}`.** Repeating on scroll-out is distracting, not informative.
+8. **All token values are imported from `motion-foundations`.** No inline numbers.
+
+## Decision Guidance
+
+### Choosing the right pattern
+
+| Situation | Pattern |
+| ---------------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
+| Element appears / disappears             | `AnimatePresence`      |
+| List of items loading in sequence        | Stagger variants       |
+| Navigating between routes                | Page transition wrapper|
+| Element changes size in place            | `layout` prop          |
+| Same element moves across page contexts  | `layoutId`             |
+| Element enters when scrolled into view   | `whileInView`          |
+| Value tied to scroll position            | `useScroll` + `useTransform` |
+
+### When to use `mode="wait"` vs `mode="sync"`
+
+| Mode | Use when |
+| ------- | --------------------------------------- |
+| `wait` | Page transitions, content swaps (one at a time) |
+| `sync` | Stacked notifications, list items (overlap is fine) |
+| `popLayout` | Items removed from a reflow list |
+
+## Core Concepts
+
+### AnimatePresence contract
+
+Three things must always be true:
+
+1. `AnimatePresence` wraps the conditional
+2. The direct child has a `key`
+3. The child has an `exit` prop
+
+Miss any one of these and the exit animation silently fails.
+
+### layout vs layoutId
+
+- `layout` — animates the element's own size/position change in place
+- `layoutId` — links two separate elements, crossfading between them across renders
+
+Use `layout="position"` on text inside an expanding container to prevent text reflow from animating.
+
+## Code Examples
+
+### Button feedback
+
+```tsx
+"use client"
+import { motion } from "motion/react"
+import { springs, motionTokens } from "@/lib/motion-tokens"
+
+<motion.button
+  whileHover={{ scale: motionTokens.scale.pop }}
+  whileTap={{ scale: motionTokens.scale.press }}
+  transition={springs.snappy}
+/>
+```
+
+### Stagger list
+
+```tsx
+"use client"
+import { motion } from "motion/react"
+import { motionTokens, springs } from "@/lib/motion-tokens"
+
+const container = {
+  hidden: {},
+  visible: {
+    transition: {
+      staggerChildren: 0.08,   // within the 0.05–0.10 rule
+      delayChildren: 0.1,
+    },
+  },
+}
+
+const item = {
+  hidden:  { opacity: 0, y: motionTokens.distance.md },
+  visible: { opacity: 1, y: 0, transition: springs.gentle },
+}
+
+<motion.ul variants={container} initial="hidden" animate="visible">
+  {items.map((i) => (
+    <motion.li key={i.id} variants={item} />
+  ))}
+</motion.ul>
+```
+
+### Modal
+
+```tsx
+"use client"
+import { motion, AnimatePresence } from "motion/react"
+import { motionTokens, springs } from "@/lib/motion-tokens"
+
+// Wrap at the call site:
+// <AnimatePresence>{isOpen && <Modal key="modal" />}</AnimatePresence>
+
+export function Modal({ onClose }: { onClose: () => void }) {
+  return (
+    <>
+      {/* Overlay */}
+      <motion.div
+        className="fixed inset-0 bg-black/50"
+        initial={{ opacity: 0 }}
+        animate={{ opacity: 1 }}
+        exit={{ opacity: 0 }}
+        onClick={onClose}
+      />
+
+      {/* Panel — accessibility requirements: focus trap, Escape close,
+          scroll lock, role="dialog", aria-modal="true" */}
+      <motion.div
+        role="dialog"
+        aria-modal="true"
+        className="fixed inset-x-4 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 rounded-xl bg-white p-6"
+        initial={{
+          opacity: 0,
+          scale: motionTokens.scale.press,
+          y: motionTokens.distance.sm,
+        }}
+        animate={{ opacity: 1, scale: 1, y: 0 }}
+        exit={{
+          opacity: 0,
+          scale: motionTokens.scale.press,
+          y: motionTokens.distance.sm,
+        }}
+        transition={springs.gentle}
+      />
+    </>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+### Toast stack
+
+```tsx
+"use client"
+import { motion, AnimatePresence } from "motion/react"
+import { motionTokens, springs } from "@/lib/motion-tokens"
+
+<AnimatePresence mode="sync">
+  {toasts.map((t) => (
+    <motion.div
+      key={t.id}
+      layout
+      initial={{
+        opacity: 0,
+        x: motionTokens.distance.xl,
+        scale: motionTokens.scale.subtle,
+      }}
+      animate={{ opacity: 1, x: 0, scale: 1 }}
+      exit={{
+        opacity: 0,
+        x: motionTokens.distance.xl,
+        scale: motionTokens.scale.subtle,
+      }}
+      transition={springs.snappy}
+    />
+  ))}
+</AnimatePresence>
+```
+
+### Page transition (Next.js App Router)
+
+```tsx
+// components/page-transition.tsx
+"use client"
+import { motion, AnimatePresence } from "motion/react"
+import { usePathname } from "next/navigation"
+import { motionTokens } from "@/lib/motion-tokens"
+
+const variants = {
+  initial: { opacity: 0, y: motionTokens.distance.sm },
+  enter:   { opacity: 1, y: 0 },
+  exit:    { opacity: 0, y: -motionTokens.distance.sm },
+}
+
+export function PageTransition({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
+  const pathname = usePathname()
+  return (
+    <AnimatePresence mode="wait">
+      <motion.div
+        key={pathname}
+        variants={variants}
+        initial="initial"
+        animate="enter"
+        exit="exit"
+        transition={{
+          duration: motionTokens.duration.normal,
+          ease: motionTokens.easing.smooth,
+        }}
+      >
+        {children}
+      </motion.div>
+    </AnimatePresence>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+### Scroll reveal
+
+```tsx
+"use client"
+import { motion } from "motion/react"
+import { motionTokens, springs } from "@/lib/motion-tokens"
+
+<motion.div
+  initial={{ opacity: 0, y: motionTokens.distance.lg }}
+  whileInView={{ opacity: 1, y: 0 }}
+  viewport={{ once: true, margin: "-80px" }}   // once: true — rule 7
+  transition={{ duration: motionTokens.duration.slow, ease: motionTokens.easing.smooth }}
+/>
+```
+
+### Scroll progress bar
+
+```tsx
+"use client"
+import { motion, useScroll } from "motion/react"
+
+export function ScrollProgress() {
+  const { scrollYProgress } = useScroll()
+  return (
+    <motion.div
+      className="fixed top-0 left-0 h-1 bg-indigo-500 origin-left w-full"
+      style={{ scaleX: scrollYProgress }}
+    />
+  )
+}
+```
+
+### Expanding card
+
+```tsx
+"use client"
+import { useState } from "react"
+import { motion, AnimatePresence } from "motion/react"
+import { springs, motionTokens } from "@/lib/motion-tokens"
+
+export function ExpandingCard({ title, body }: { title: string; body: string }) {
+  const [expanded, setExpanded] = useState(false)
+
+  return (
+    <motion.div layout onClick={() => setExpanded(!expanded)} className="cursor-pointer">
+      {/* layout="position" prevents text reflow from animating */}
+      <motion.h2 layout="position" className="font-semibold">
+        {title}
+      </motion.h2>
+
+      <AnimatePresence>
+        {expanded && (
+          <motion.p
+            key="body"
+            initial={{ opacity: 0 }}
+            animate={{ opacity: 1 }}
+            exit={{ opacity: 0 }}
+            transition={{ duration: motionTokens.duration.fast }}
+          >
+            {body}
+          </motion.p>
+        )}
+      </AnimatePresence>
+    </motion.div>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+### Shared-element crossfade
+
+```tsx
+// Source context
+<motion.img layoutId="hero-image" src={src} className="w-16 h-16 rounded" />
+
+// Destination context (same layoutId — motion handles the transition)
+<motion.img layoutId="hero-image" src={src} className="w-full rounded-xl" />
+```
+
+### Accordion
+
+```tsx
+<motion.div
+  initial={false}
+  animate={{ opacity: open ? 1 : 0, scaleY: open ? 1 : 0 }}
+  style={{ transformOrigin: "top", overflow: "hidden" }}
+  transition={{
+    duration: motionTokens.duration.normal,
+    ease: motionTokens.easing.smooth,
+  }}
+>
+  {children}
+</motion.div>
+```
+
+## End-to-End Example
+
+A staggered list that enters on mount, handles conditional presence, and
+respects reduced motion — combining tokens, springs, AnimatePresence, and
+the accessibility hook from `motion-foundations`:
+
+```tsx
+"use client"
+import { useState } from "react"
+import { motion, AnimatePresence } from "motion/react"
+import { motionTokens, springs } from "@/lib/motion-tokens"
+import { useSafeMotion } from "@/hooks/use-reduced-motion"
+
+const containerVariants = {
+  hidden: {},
+  visible: {
+    transition: { staggerChildren: 0.08, delayChildren: 0.1 },
+  },
+}
+
+function ListItem({ label, onRemove }: { label: string; onRemove: () => void }) {
+  const safe = useSafeMotion(motionTokens.distance.sm)
+  return (
+    <motion.li
+      variants={{
+        hidden:  safe.initial,
+        visible: safe.animate,
+      }}
+      exit={safe.exit}
+      transition={springs.gentle}
+      className="flex items-center justify-between p-3 rounded-lg bg-white shadow-sm"
+    >
+      <span>{label}</span>
+      <button onClick={onRemove}>Remove</button>
+    </motion.li>
+  )
+}
+
+export function AnimatedList({ items, onRemove }: {
+  items: { id: string; label: string }[]
+  onRemove: (id: string) => void
+}) {
+  return (
+    <motion.ul
+      variants={containerVariants}
+      initial="hidden"
+      animate="visible"
+      className="space-y-2"
+    >
+      <AnimatePresence mode="popLayout">
+        {items.map((item) => (
+          <ListItem
+            key={item.id}
+            label={item.label}
+            onRemove={() => onRemove(item.id)}
+          />
+        ))}
+      </AnimatePresence>
+    </motion.ul>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+## Constraints / Non-Goals
+
+This skill does **not** cover:
+
+- Token and spring definitions → see `motion-foundations`
+- Drag interactions, swipe gestures, reorderable lists → see `motion-advanced`
+- Text animations (word/character reveal, counters) → see `motion-advanced`
+- SVG path drawing or morphing → see `motion-advanced`
+- Custom animation hooks → see `motion-advanced`
+- CSS-only transitions not using `motion/react`
+
+## Anti-Patterns
+
+| Anti-pattern | Rule violated | Fix |
+| -------------------------------------------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------ |
+| `AnimatePresence` child missing `key` | Rule 1 | Add stable `key` to the direct child |
+| `initial` + `animate` without `exit` | Rule 2 | Always define all three together |
+| Page transition without `mode="wait"` | Rule 3 | Add `mode="wait"` to `AnimatePresence` |
+| `layout` on a 50-item list | Rule 4 | Use `mode="popLayout"` or explicit transforms |
+| `staggerChildren: 0.2` on a 10-item list | Rule 5 | Cap at `0.08–0.10` |
+| Modal without focus trap | Rule 6 | Add `focus-trap-react` or Radix Dialog |
+| `whileInView` without `viewport={{ once: true }}` | Rule 7 | Repeating entrances distract, not inform |
+| `transition={{ duration: 0.3 }}` inline | Rule 8 | Use `motionTokens.duration.normal` |
+
+## Related Skills
+
+- **`motion-foundations`** — defines all tokens, springs, the `useSafeMotion` hook, and SSR guards that every pattern here imports. Must be set up first.
+- **`motion-advanced`** — extends these patterns with drag, gestures, SVG, text, custom hooks, and imperative sequencing. Does not redefine any patterns from this skill.