code-abyss 1.6.16 → 1.7.0

package/skills/domains/infrastructure/kubernetes.md

@@ -1,1018 +0,0 @@
----
-name: kubernetes
-description: Kubernetes 容器编排。Helm Chart 开发、Kustomize 配置管理、Operator 模式、CRD 自定义资源、部署策略。当用户提到 K8s、Helm、Kustomize、Operator、CRD、滚动更新、金丝雀部署时使用。
----
-
-# 🎯 容器编排 · Kubernetes
-
-## Helm Chart 开发
-
-### Chart 标准结构
-```
-mychart/
-├── Chart.yaml          # Chart 元数据
-├── values.yaml         # 默认配置
-├── templates/          # 模板目录
-│   ├── deployment.yaml
-│   ├── service.yaml
-│   ├── ingress.yaml
-│   ├── _helpers.tpl   # 模板函数
-│   └── NOTES.txt      # 安装提示
-├── charts/            # 依赖 Chart
-└── .helmignore        # 忽略文件
-```
-
-### Chart.yaml
-```yaml
-apiVersion: v2
-name: myapp
-description: A Helm chart for MyApp
-type: application
-version: 1.0.0
-appVersion: "2.3.1"
-
-dependencies:
-  - name: postgresql
-    version: 12.1.0
-    repository: https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
-    condition: postgresql.enabled
-  - name: redis
-    version: 17.3.0
-    repository: https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
-    condition: redis.enabled
-```
-
-### values.yaml 设计
-```yaml
-# 镜像配置
-image:
-  repository: myapp
-  tag: "1.0.0"
-  pullPolicy: IfNotPresent
-
-# 副本数
-replicaCount: 3
-
-# 资源限制
-resources:
-  limits:
-    cpu: 1000m
-    memory: 1Gi
-  requests:
-    cpu: 500m
-    memory: 512Mi
-
-# 自动扩缩容
-autoscaling:
-  enabled: true
-  minReplicas: 2
-  maxReplicas: 10
-  targetCPUUtilizationPercentage: 80
-  targetMemoryUtilizationPercentage: 80
-
-# 服务配置
-service:
-  type: ClusterIP
-  port: 80
-  targetPort: 8080
-
-# Ingress 配置
-ingress:
-  enabled: true
-  className: nginx
-  annotations:
-    cert-manager.io/cluster-issuer: letsencrypt-prod
-  hosts:
-    - host: myapp.example.com
-      paths:
-        - path: /
-          pathType: Prefix
-  tls:
-    - secretName: myapp-tls
-      hosts:
-        - myapp.example.com
-
-# 健康检查
-livenessProbe:
-  httpGet:
-    path: /health
-    port: 8080
-  initialDelaySeconds: 30
-  periodSeconds: 10
-
-readinessProbe:
-  httpGet:
-    path: /ready
-    port: 8080
-  initialDelaySeconds: 5
-  periodSeconds: 5
-
-# 环境变量
-env:
-  - name: LOG_LEVEL
-    value: info
-  - name: DB_HOST
-    value: postgresql
-
-# 密钥引用
-envFrom:
-  - secretRef:
-      name: myapp-secrets
-  - configMapRef:
-      name: myapp-config
-
-# 持久化存储
-persistence:
-  enabled: true
-  storageClass: "gp3"
-  size: 10Gi
-  accessMode: ReadWriteOnce
-
-# 依赖服务
-postgresql:
-  enabled: true
-  auth:
-    username: myapp
-    database: myapp
-
-redis:
-  enabled: true
-  architecture: standalone
-```
-
-### Deployment 模板
-```yaml
-apiVersion: apps/v1
-kind: Deployment
-metadata:
-  name: {{ include "myapp.fullname" . }}
-  labels:
-    {{- include "myapp.labels" . | nindent 4 }}
-spec:
-  {{- if not .Values.autoscaling.enabled }}
-  replicas: {{ .Values.replicaCount }}
-  {{- end }}
-  selector:
-    matchLabels:
-      {{- include "myapp.selectorLabels" . | nindent 6 }}
-  template:
-    metadata:
-      annotations:
-        checksum/config: {{ include (print $.Template.BasePath "/configmap.yaml") . | sha256sum }}
-      labels:
-        {{- include "myapp.selectorLabels" . | nindent 8 }}
-    spec:
-      serviceAccountName: {{ include "myapp.serviceAccountName" . }}
-      securityContext:
-        runAsNonRoot: true
-        runAsUser: 1000
-        fsGroup: 1000
-      containers:
-      - name: {{ .Chart.Name }}
-        image: "{{ .Values.image.repository }}:{{ .Values.image.tag | default .Chart.AppVersion }}"
-        imagePullPolicy: {{ .Values.image.pullPolicy }}
-        ports:
-        - name: http
-          containerPort: {{ .Values.service.targetPort }}
-          protocol: TCP
-        {{- if .Values.livenessProbe }}
-        livenessProbe:
-          {{- toYaml .Values.livenessProbe | nindent 10 }}
-        {{- end }}
-        {{- if .Values.readinessProbe }}
-        readinessProbe:
-          {{- toYaml .Values.readinessProbe | nindent 10 }}
-        {{- end }}
-        resources:
-          {{- toYaml .Values.resources | nindent 10 }}
-        {{- if .Values.env }}
-        env:
-          {{- toYaml .Values.env | nindent 10 }}
-        {{- end }}
-        {{- if .Values.envFrom }}
-        envFrom:
-          {{- toYaml .Values.envFrom | nindent 10 }}
-        {{- end }}
-        {{- if .Values.persistence.enabled }}
-        volumeMounts:
-        - name: data
-          mountPath: /data
-        {{- end }}
-      {{- if .Values.persistence.enabled }}
-      volumes:
-      - name: data
-        persistentVolumeClaim:
-          claimName: {{ include "myapp.fullname" . }}
-      {{- end }}
-```
-
-### _helpers.tpl 模板函数
-```yaml
-{{/*
-Expand the name of the chart.
-*/}}
-{{- define "myapp.name" -}}
-{{- default .Chart.Name .Values.nameOverride | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }}
-{{- end }}
-
-{{/*
-Create a default fully qualified app name.
-*/}}
-{{- define "myapp.fullname" -}}
-{{- if .Values.fullnameOverride }}
-{{- .Values.fullnameOverride | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }}
-{{- else }}
-{{- $name := default .Chart.Name .Values.nameOverride }}
-{{- if contains $name .Release.Name }}
-{{- .Release.Name | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }}
-{{- else }}
-{{- printf "%s-%s" .Release.Name $name | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }}
-{{- end }}
-{{- end }}
-{{- end }}
-
-{{/*
-Common labels
-*/}}
-{{- define "myapp.labels" -}}
-helm.sh/chart: {{ include "myapp.chart" . }}
-{{ include "myapp.selectorLabels" . }}
-{{- if .Chart.AppVersion }}
-app.kubernetes.io/version: {{ .Chart.AppVersion | quote }}
-{{- end }}
-app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }}
-{{- end }}
-
-{{/*
-Selector labels
-*/}}
-{{- define "myapp.selectorLabels" -}}
-app.kubernetes.io/name: {{ include "myapp.name" . }}
-app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
-{{- end }}
-```
-
-### Helm 命令
-```bash
-# 创建 Chart
-helm create myapp
-
-# 验证模板
-helm lint myapp/
-helm template myapp myapp/ --debug
-
-# 安装
-helm install myapp myapp/ -n production --create-namespace
-
-# 使用自定义 values
-helm install myapp myapp/ -f values-prod.yaml
-
-# 升级
-helm upgrade myapp myapp/ --reuse-values
-
-# 回滚
-helm rollback myapp 1
-
-# 查看历史
-helm history myapp
-
-# 卸载
-helm uninstall myapp
-
-# 打包
-helm package myapp/
-
-# 推送到 OCI Registry
-helm push myapp-1.0.0.tgz oci://registry.example.com/charts
-```
-
-## Kustomize 配置管理
-
-### 目录结构
-```
-kustomize/
-├── base/                    # 基础配置
-│   ├── kustomization.yaml
-│   ├── deployment.yaml
-│   ├── service.yaml
-│   └── configmap.yaml
-└── overlays/                # 环境差异
-    ├── dev/
-    │   ├── kustomization.yaml
-    │   └── patch-replicas.yaml
-    ├── staging/
-    │   ├── kustomization.yaml
-    │   └── patch-resources.yaml
-    └── production/
-        ├── kustomization.yaml
-        ├── patch-replicas.yaml
-        └── patch-hpa.yaml
-```
-
-### base/kustomization.yaml
-```yaml
-apiVersion: kustomize.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: Kustomization
-
-resources:
-  - deployment.yaml
-  - service.yaml
-  - configmap.yaml
-
-commonLabels:
-  app: myapp
-  managed-by: kustomize
-
-commonAnnotations:
-  version: "1.0.0"
-
-images:
-  - name: myapp
-    newName: registry.example.com/myapp
-    newTag: latest
-
-configMapGenerator:
-  - name: myapp-config
-    literals:
-      - LOG_LEVEL=info
-      - MAX_CONNECTIONS=100
-
-secretGenerator:
-  - name: myapp-secrets
-    literals:
-      - DB_PASSWORD=changeme
-    type: Opaque
-```
-
-### overlays/production/kustomization.yaml
-```yaml
-apiVersion: kustomize.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: Kustomization
-
-namespace: production
-
-bases:
-  - ../../base
-
-patchesStrategicMerge:
-  - patch-replicas.yaml
-
-patchesJson6902:
-  - target:
-      group: apps
-      version: v1
-      kind: Deployment
-      name: myapp
-    path: patch-resources.json
-
-images:
-  - name: myapp
-    newTag: v1.2.3
-
-replicas:
-  - name: myapp
-    count: 5
-
-configMapGenerator:
-  - name: myapp-config
-    behavior: merge
-    literals:
-      - LOG_LEVEL=warn
-      - MAX_CONNECTIONS=500
-
-resources:
-  - hpa.yaml
-  - pdb.yaml
-```
-
-### patch-replicas.yaml
-```yaml
-apiVersion: apps/v1
-kind: Deployment
-metadata:
-  name: myapp
-spec:
-  replicas: 5
-  template:
-    spec:
-      containers:
-      - name: myapp
-        resources:
-          limits:
-            cpu: 2000m
-            memory: 2Gi
-          requests:
-            cpu: 1000m
-            memory: 1Gi
-```
-
-### patch-resources.json
-```json
-[
-  {
-    "op": "replace",
-    "path": "/spec/template/spec/containers/0/resources/limits/cpu",
-    "value": "2000m"
-  },
-  {
-    "op": "add",
-    "path": "/spec/template/spec/containers/0/env/-",
-    "value": {
-      "name": "ENVIRONMENT",
-      "value": "production"
-    }
-  }
-]
-```
-
-### Kustomize 命令
-```bash
-# 查看生成的 YAML
-kustomize build overlays/production
-
-# 应用配置
-kubectl apply -k overlays/production
-
-# 查看差异
-kubectl diff -k overlays/production
-
-# 删除资源
-kubectl delete -k overlays/production
-```
-
-## Operator 模式
-
-### CRD 定义
-```yaml
-apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
-kind: CustomResourceDefinition
-metadata:
-  name: myapps.example.com
-spec:
-  group: example.com
-  versions:
-    - name: v1
-      served: true
-      storage: true
-      schema:
-        openAPIV3Schema:
-          type: object
-          properties:
-            spec:
-              type: object
-              properties:
-                replicas:
-                  type: integer
-                  minimum: 1
-                  maximum: 10
-                version:
-                  type: string
-                  pattern: '^v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$'
-                database:
-                  type: object
-                  properties:
-                    enabled:
-                      type: boolean
-                    size:
-                      type: string
-                      enum: [small, medium, large]
-              required:
-                - replicas
-                - version
-            status:
-              type: object
-              properties:
-                phase:
-                  type: string
-                  enum: [Pending, Running, Failed]
-                conditions:
-                  type: array
-                  items:
-                    type: object
-                    properties:
-                      type:
-                        type: string
-                      status:
-                        type: string
-                      lastTransitionTime:
-                        type: string
-                        format: date-time
-      subresources:
-        status: {}
-        scale:
-          specReplicasPath: .spec.replicas
-          statusReplicasPath: .status.replicas
-  scope: Namespaced
-  names:
-    plural: myapps
-    singular: myapp
-    kind: MyApp
-    shortNames:
-      - ma
-```
-
-### 自定义资源实例
-```yaml
-apiVersion: example.com/v1
-kind: MyApp
-metadata:
-  name: myapp-sample
-  namespace: default
-spec:
-  replicas: 3
-  version: v1.2.3
-  database:
-    enabled: true
-    size: medium
-```
-
-### Operator Controller (Go)
-```go
-package controllers
-
-import (
-    "context"
-    appsv1 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
-    corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-    "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
-    metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
-    "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
-    ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
-    "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
-
-    examplev1 "example.com/myapp-operator/api/v1"
-)
-
-type MyAppReconciler struct {
-    client.Client
-    Scheme *runtime.Scheme
-}
-
-// +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=example.com,resources=myapps,verbs=get;list;watch;create;update;patch;delete
-// +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=example.com,resources=myapps/status,verbs=get;update;patch
-// +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=apps,resources=deployments,verbs=get;list;watch;create;update;patch;delete
-
-func (r *MyAppReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, req ctrl.Request) (ctrl.Result, error) {
-    // 获取 MyApp 实例
-    myapp := &examplev1.MyApp{}
-    if err := r.Get(ctx, req.NamespacedName, myapp); err != nil {
-        if errors.IsNotFound(err) {
-            return ctrl.Result{}, nil
-        }
-        return ctrl.Result{}, err
-    }
-
-    // 构建期望的 Deployment
-    deployment := r.deploymentForMyApp(myapp)
-
-    // 检查 Deployment 是否存在
-    found := &appsv1.Deployment{}
-    err := r.Get(ctx, client.ObjectKeyFromObject(deployment), found)
-    if err != nil && errors.IsNotFound(err) {
-        // 创建 Deployment
-        if err := r.Create(ctx, deployment); err != nil {
-            return ctrl.Result{}, err
-        }
-        return ctrl.Result{Requeue: true}, nil
-    } else if err != nil {
-        return ctrl.Result{}, err
-    }
-
-    // 更新 Deployment
-    if found.Spec.Replicas != myapp.Spec.Replicas {
-        found.Spec.Replicas = myapp.Spec.Replicas
-        if err := r.Update(ctx, found); err != nil {
-            return ctrl.Result{}, err
-        }
-    }
-
-    // 更新状态
-    myapp.Status.Phase = "Running"
-    myapp.Status.Replicas = found.Status.ReadyReplicas
-    if err := r.Status().Update(ctx, myapp); err != nil {
-        return ctrl.Result{}, err
-    }
-
-    return ctrl.Result{}, nil
-}
-
-func (r *MyAppReconciler) deploymentForMyApp(m *examplev1.MyApp) *appsv1.Deployment {
-    labels := map[string]string{
-        "app": m.Name,
-    }
-
-    return &appsv1.Deployment{
-        ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
-            Name:      m.Name,
-            Namespace: m.Namespace,
-            OwnerReferences: []metav1.OwnerReference{
-                *metav1.NewControllerRef(m, examplev1.GroupVersion.WithKind("MyApp")),
-            },
-        },
-        Spec: appsv1.DeploymentSpec{
-            Replicas: m.Spec.Replicas,
-            Selector: &metav1.LabelSelector{
-                MatchLabels: labels,
-            },
-            Template: corev1.PodTemplateSpec{
-                ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
-                    Labels: labels,
-                },
-                Spec: corev1.PodSpec{
-                    Containers: []corev1.Container{{
-                        Name:  "myapp",
-                        Image: "myapp:" + m.Spec.Version,
-                        Ports: []corev1.ContainerPort{{
-                            ContainerPort: 8080,
-                        }},
-                    }},
-                },
-            },
-        },
-    }
-}
-
-func (r *MyAppReconciler) SetupWithManager(mgr ctrl.Manager) error {
-    return ctrl.NewControllerManagedBy(mgr).
-        For(&examplev1.MyApp{}).
-        Owns(&appsv1.Deployment{}).
-        Complete(r)
-}
-```
-
-### Operator 初始化
-```bash
-# 使用 Operator SDK
-operator-sdk init --domain example.com --repo example.com/myapp-operator
-
-# 创建 API
-operator-sdk create api --group example --version v1 --kind MyApp --resource --controller
-
-# 生成 CRD
-make manifests
-
-# 安装 CRD
-make install
-
-# 运行 Operator
-make run
-
-# 构建镜像
-make docker-build docker-push IMG=myapp-operator:v1.0.0
-
-# 部署
-make deploy IMG=myapp-operator:v1.0.0
-```
-
-## 部署策略
-
-### 滚动更新 (Rolling Update)
-```yaml
-apiVersion: apps/v1
-kind: Deployment
-metadata:
-  name: myapp
-spec:
-  replicas: 10
-  strategy:
-    type: RollingUpdate
-    rollingUpdate:
-      maxSurge: 2          # 最多超出期望副本数
-      maxUnavailable: 1    # 最多不可用副本数
-  template:
-    spec:
-      containers:
-      - name: myapp
-        image: myapp:v2
-        readinessProbe:
-          httpGet:
-            path: /ready
-            port: 8080
-          initialDelaySeconds: 5
-          periodSeconds: 5
-```
-
-### 蓝绿部署 (Blue-Green)
-```yaml
-# Blue (当前版本)
-apiVersion: apps/v1
-kind: Deployment
-metadata:
-  name: myapp-blue
-  labels:
-    version: blue
-spec:
-  replicas: 3
-  selector:
-    matchLabels:
-      app: myapp
-      version: blue
-  template:
-    metadata:
-      labels:
-        app: myapp
-        version: blue
-    spec:
-      containers:
-      - name: myapp
-        image: myapp:v1
-
----
-# Green (新版本)
-apiVersion: apps/v1
-kind: Deployment
-metadata:
-  name: myapp-green
-  labels:
-    version: green
-spec:
-  replicas: 3
-  selector:
-    matchLabels:
-      app: myapp
-      version: green
-  template:
-    metadata:
-      labels:
-        app: myapp
-        version: green
-    spec:
-      containers:
-      - name: myapp
-        image: myapp:v2
-
----
-# Service 切换
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Service
-metadata:
-  name: myapp
-spec:
-  selector:
-    app: myapp
-    version: blue  # 切换到 green 实现蓝绿部署
-  ports:
-  - port: 80
-    targetPort: 8080
-```
-
-### 金丝雀部署 (Canary)
-```yaml
-# 稳定版本
-apiVersion: apps/v1
-kind: Deployment
-metadata:
-  name: myapp-stable
-spec:
-  replicas: 9
-  selector:
-    matchLabels:
-      app: myapp
-      track: stable
-  template:
-    metadata:
-      labels:
-        app: myapp
-        track: stable
-    spec:
-      containers:
-      - name: myapp
-        image: myapp:v1
-
----
-# 金丝雀版本 (10% 流量)
-apiVersion: apps/v1
-kind: Deployment
-metadata:
-  name: myapp-canary
-spec:
-  replicas: 1
-  selector:
-    matchLabels:
-      app: myapp
-      track: canary
-  template:
-    metadata:
-      labels:
-        app: myapp
-        track: canary
-    spec:
-      containers:
-      - name: myapp
-        image: myapp:v2
-
----
-# Service 同时指向两个版本
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Service
-metadata:
-  name: myapp
-spec:
-  selector:
-    app: myapp  # 匹配 stable 和 canary
-  ports:
-  - port: 80
-    targetPort: 8080
-```
-
-### Flagger 自动金丝雀
-```yaml
-apiVersion: flagger.app/v1beta1
-kind: Canary
-metadata:
-  name: myapp
-spec:
-  targetRef:
-    apiVersion: apps/v1
-    kind: Deployment
-    name: myapp
-  service:
-    port: 80
-    targetPort: 8080
-  analysis:
-    interval: 1m
-    threshold: 5
-    maxWeight: 50
-    stepWeight: 10
-    metrics:
-    - name: request-success-rate
-      thresholdRange:
-        min: 99
-      interval: 1m
-    - name: request-duration
-      thresholdRange:
-        max: 500
-      interval: 1m
-    webhooks:
-    - name: load-test
-      url: http://flagger-loadtester/
-      timeout: 5s
-      metadata:
-        cmd: "hey -z 1m -q 10 -c 2 http://myapp-canary/"
-```
-
-## HPA 自动扩缩容
-
-### 基于 CPU/内存
-```yaml
-apiVersion: autoscaling/v2
-kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
-metadata:
-  name: myapp-hpa
-spec:
-  scaleTargetRef:
-    apiVersion: apps/v1
-    kind: Deployment
-    name: myapp
-  minReplicas: 2
-  maxReplicas: 10
-  metrics:
-  - type: Resource
-    resource:
-      name: cpu
-      target:
-        type: Utilization
-        averageUtilization: 70
-  - type: Resource
-    resource:
-      name: memory
-      target:
-        type: Utilization
-        averageUtilization: 80
-  behavior:
-    scaleDown:
-      stabilizationWindowSeconds: 300
-      policies:
-      - type: Percent
-        value: 50
-        periodSeconds: 60
-    scaleUp:
-      stabilizationWindowSeconds: 0
-      policies:
-      - type: Percent
-        value: 100
-        periodSeconds: 30
-      - type: Pods
-        value: 4
-        periodSeconds: 30
-      selectPolicy: Max
-```
-
-### 基于自定义指标
-```yaml
-apiVersion: autoscaling/v2
-kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
-metadata:
-  name: myapp-hpa-custom
-spec:
-  scaleTargetRef:
-    apiVersion: apps/v1
-    kind: Deployment
-    name: myapp
-  minReplicas: 2
-  maxReplicas: 20
-  metrics:
-  - type: Pods
-    pods:
-      metric:
-        name: http_requests_per_second
-      target:
-        type: AverageValue
-        averageValue: "1000"
-  - type: External
-    external:
-      metric:
-        name: queue_messages_ready
-        selector:
-          matchLabels:
-            queue: myapp-queue
-      target:
-        type: AverageValue
-        averageValue: "30"
-```
-
-## PDB 防止中断
-
-```yaml
-apiVersion: policy/v1
-kind: PodDisruptionBudget
-metadata:
-  name: myapp-pdb
-spec:
-  minAvailable: 2  # 或 maxUnavailable: 1
-  selector:
-    matchLabels:
-      app: myapp
-```
-
-## 资源配额与限制
-
-### ResourceQuota
-```yaml
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ResourceQuota
-metadata:
-  name: compute-quota
-  namespace: production
-spec:
-  hard:
-    requests.cpu: "100"
-    requests.memory: 200Gi
-    limits.cpu: "200"
-    limits.memory: 400Gi
-    persistentvolumeclaims: "10"
-    requests.storage: 500Gi
-```
-
-### LimitRange
-```yaml
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: LimitRange
-metadata:
-  name: limit-range
-  namespace: production
-spec:
-  limits:
-  - max:
-      cpu: "4"
-      memory: 8Gi
-    min:
-      cpu: 100m
-      memory: 128Mi
-    default:
-      cpu: 500m
-      memory: 512Mi
-    defaultRequest:
-      cpu: 200m
-      memory: 256Mi
-    type: Container
-  - max:
-      storage: 10Gi
-    min:
-      storage: 1Gi
-    type: PersistentVolumeClaim
-```
-
-## 最佳实践
-
-| 实践 | 说明 |
-|------|------|
-| 使用 Helm 模板化 | 复用配置，多环境部署 |
-| Kustomize 管理差异 | Base + Overlay 分离基础和环境配置 |
-| 健康检查必配 | Liveness + Readiness 保证服务可用性 |
-| 资源限制必设 | Requests + Limits 防止资源耗尽 |
-| 使用 HPA | 自动扩缩容应对流量波动 |
-| 配置 PDB | 防止滚动更新时服务中断 |
-| 密钥外部化 | 使用 External Secrets Operator |
-| 镜像使用 Digest | 确保部署一致性 |
-| 多副本部署 | 至少 2 个副本保证高可用 |
-| 亲和性配置 | Pod 反亲和性分散到不同节点 |
-
-## 工具对比
-
-| 工具 | 优势 | 劣势 | 适用场景 |
-|------|------|------|----------|
-| Helm | 模板强大、生态丰富 | 学习曲线陡峭 | 复杂应用、多环境 |
-| Kustomize | 原生支持、无模板 | 功能相对简单 | 简单应用、环境差异 |
-| Operator | 自动化运维、领域知识 | 开发复杂 | 有状态应用、复杂生命周期 |
-| Flagger | 自动金丝雀、渐进式交付 | 依赖 Service Mesh | 生产环境渐进式发布 |