code-abyss 1.6.16 → 1.7.0

package/skills/domains/devops/performance-testing.md

@@ -1,734 +0,0 @@
----
-name: performance-testing
-description: 性能测试。k6、JMeter、Gatling、负载测试、压力测试、浸泡测试、性能指标分析。当用户提到性能测试、k6、JMeter、负载测试、压力测试、基准测试时使用。
----
-
-# ⚡ 性能测试 · Performance Testing
-
-## 性能测试类型
-
-```
-负载测试 (Load Testing)
-  └─ 验证系统在预期负载下的表现
-
-压力测试 (Stress Testing)
-  └─ 找到系统的极限和崩溃点
-
-浸泡测试 (Soak Testing)
-  └─ 长时间运行检测内存泄漏
-
-峰值测试 (Spike Testing)
-  └─ 突发流量下的系统表现
-
-容量测试 (Capacity Testing)
-  └─ 确定系统最大容量
-```
-
-### 测试场景对比
-| 类型 | 用户数 | 持续时间 | 目标 |
-|------|--------|----------|------|
-| 负载测试 | 预期峰值 | 30分钟-2小时 | 验证性能指标 |
-| 压力测试 | 超出峰值 | 1-3小时 | 找到崩溃点 |
-| 浸泡测试 | 正常负载 | 8-72小时 | 检测内存泄漏 |
-| 峰值测试 | 瞬间激增 | 短时间 | 测试弹性 |
-
-## k6 基础
-
-### 安装
-```bash
-# macOS
-brew install k6
-
-# Linux
-sudo gpg -k
-sudo gpg --no-default-keyring --keyring /usr/share/keyrings/k6-archive-keyring.gpg --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys C5AD17C747E3415A3642D57D77C6C491D6AC1D69
-echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/k6-archive-keyring.gpg] https://dl.k6.io/deb stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/k6.list
-sudo apt-get update
-sudo apt-get install k6
-
-# Docker
-docker run --rm -i grafana/k6 run - <script.js
-```
-
-### 基础脚本
-```javascript
-import http from 'k6/http';
-import { check, sleep } from 'k6';
-
-export const options = {
-  vus: 10,        // 虚拟用户数
-  duration: '30s', // 持续时间
-};
-
-export default function () {
-  const res = http.get('https://api.example.com/users');
-
-  check(res, {
-    'status is 200': (r) => r.status === 200,
-    'response time < 500ms': (r) => r.timings.duration < 500,
-  });
-
-  sleep(1);
-}
-```
-
-### 运行测试
-```bash
-# 基础运行
-k6 run script.js
-
-# 指定参数
-k6 run --vus 100 --duration 5m script.js
-
-# 输出结果
-k6 run --out json=results.json script.js
-k6 run --out influxdb=http://localhost:8086/k6 script.js
-```
-
-## k6 高级场景
-
-### 阶梯式负载
-```javascript
-export const options = {
-  stages: [
-    { duration: '2m', target: 100 },  // 2分钟爬升到100用户
-    { duration: '5m', target: 100 },  // 保持100用户5分钟
-    { duration: '2m', target: 200 },  // 爬升到200用户
-    { duration: '5m', target: 200 },  // 保持200用户
-    { duration: '2m', target: 0 },    // 降到0
-  ],
-  thresholds: {
-    http_req_duration: ['p(95)<500'], // 95%请求<500ms
-    http_req_failed: ['rate<0.01'],   // 错误率<1%
-  },
-};
-```
-
-### 压力测试
-```javascript
-export const options = {
-  stages: [
-    { duration: '5m', target: 100 },
-    { duration: '10m', target: 100 },
-    { duration: '5m', target: 200 },
-    { duration: '10m', target: 200 },
-    { duration: '5m', target: 300 },
-    { duration: '10m', target: 300 },
-    { duration: '5m', target: 400 },
-    { duration: '10m', target: 400 },
-    { duration: '5m', target: 0 },
-  ],
-};
-```
-
-### 峰值测试
-```javascript
-export const options = {
-  stages: [
-    { duration: '10s', target: 100 },  // 正常负载
-    { duration: '1m', target: 100 },
-    { duration: '10s', target: 1400 }, // 突然激增
-    { duration: '3m', target: 1400 },
-    { duration: '10s', target: 100 },  // 恢复正常
-    { duration: '3m', target: 100 },
-    { duration: '10s', target: 0 },
-  ],
-};
-```
-
-### 浸泡测试
-```javascript
-export const options = {
-  stages: [
-    { duration: '5m', target: 100 },   // 爬升
-    { duration: '8h', target: 100 },   // 保持8小时
-    { duration: '5m', target: 0 },     // 降低
-  ],
-};
-```
-
-## k6 实战示例
-
-### 登录流程测试
-```javascript
-import http from 'k6/http';
-import { check, group, sleep } from 'k6';
-
-export const options = {
-  vus: 50,
-  duration: '5m',
-  thresholds: {
-    'http_req_duration{name:login}': ['p(95)<1000'],
-    'http_req_duration{name:dashboard}': ['p(95)<500'],
-  },
-};
-
-export default function () {
-  group('用户登录流程', () => {
-    // 1. 访问登录页
-    let res = http.get('https://example.com/login');
-    check(res, { 'login page loaded': (r) => r.status === 200 });
-
-    // 2. 提交登录
-    res = http.post('https://example.com/api/login', {
-      username: 'testuser',
-      password: 'password123',
-    }, {
-      tags: { name: 'login' },
-    });
-
-    check(res, {
-      'login successful': (r) => r.status === 200,
-      'token received': (r) => r.json('token') !== undefined,
-    });
-
-    const token = res.json('token');
-
-    // 3. 访问受保护页面
-    res = http.get('https://example.com/dashboard', {
-      headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${token}` },
-      tags: { name: 'dashboard' },
-    });
-
-    check(res, { 'dashboard loaded': (r) => r.status === 200 });
-
-    sleep(1);
-  });
-}
-```
-
-### API 批量测试
-```javascript
-import http from 'k6/http';
-import { check } from 'k6';
-
-export default function () {
-  const requests = [
-    ['GET', 'https://api.example.com/users'],
-    ['GET', 'https://api.example.com/products'],
-    ['GET', 'https://api.example.com/orders'],
-  ];
-
-  const responses = http.batch(requests.map(([method, url]) => ({
-    method,
-    url,
-  })));
-
-  responses.forEach((res, i) => {
-    check(res, {
-      [`${requests[i][1]} status 200`]: (r) => r.status === 200,
-    });
-  });
-}
-```
-
-### 文件上传测试
-```javascript
-import http from 'k6/http';
-import { check } from 'k6';
-
-const binFile = open('./test-file.pdf', 'b');
-
-export default function () {
-  const data = {
-    file: http.file(binFile, 'test-file.pdf'),
-    description: 'Test upload',
-  };
-
-  const res = http.post('https://api.example.com/upload', data);
-
-  check(res, {
-    'upload successful': (r) => r.status === 201,
-  });
-}
-```
-
-### WebSocket 测试
-```javascript
-import ws from 'k6/ws';
-import { check } from 'k6';
-
-export default function () {
-  const url = 'ws://example.com/ws';
-
-  const res = ws.connect(url, {}, function (socket) {
-    socket.on('open', () => {
-      console.log('connected');
-      socket.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'subscribe', channel: 'updates' }));
-    });
-
-    socket.on('message', (data) => {
-      console.log('Message received:', data);
-    });
-
-    socket.on('close', () => console.log('disconnected'));
-
-    socket.setTimeout(() => {
-      socket.close();
-    }, 10000);
-  });
-
-  check(res, { 'status is 101': (r) => r && r.status === 101 });
-}
-```
-
-## JMeter 基础
-
-### 安装
-```bash
-# 下载
-wget https://dlcdn.apache.org//jmeter/binaries/apache-jmeter-5.6.2.tgz
-tar -xzf apache-jmeter-5.6.2.tgz
-
-# 运行 GUI
-./apache-jmeter-5.6.2/bin/jmeter
-
-# 命令行运行
-./apache-jmeter-5.6.2/bin/jmeter -n -t test.jmx -l results.jtl
-```
-
-### 测试计划结构
-```
-Test Plan
-├── Thread Group (线程组)
-│   ├── HTTP Request (HTTP请求)
-│   ├── HTTP Header Manager (请求头)
-│   ├── Assertions (断言)
-│   └── Listeners (监听器)
-├── CSV Data Set Config (CSV数据)
-└── Summary Report (汇总报告)
-```
-
-### HTTP 请求配置
-```xml
-<!-- JMeter 测试计划示例 -->
-<HTTPSamplerProxy>
-  <elementProp name="HTTPsampler.Arguments">
-    <collectionProp name="Arguments.arguments">
-      <elementProp name="username" elementType="HTTPArgument">
-        <stringProp name="Argument.value">testuser</stringProp>
-      </elementProp>
-    </collectionProp>
-  </elementProp>
-  <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.domain">api.example.com</stringProp>
-  <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.port">443</stringProp>
-  <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.protocol">https</stringProp>
-  <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.path">/api/login</stringProp>
-  <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.method">POST</stringProp>
-</HTTPSamplerProxy>
-```
-
-### 线程组配置
-```
-Number of Threads (users): 100
-Ramp-up period (seconds): 60
-Loop Count: 10
-
-实际含义：
-- 100个并发用户
-- 60秒内逐步启动
-- 每个用户执行10次
-- 总请求数：100 * 10 = 1000
-```
-
-### 断言配置
-```xml
-<ResponseAssertion>
-  <collectionProp name="Asserion.test_strings">
-    <stringProp name="49586">200</stringProp>
-  </collectionProp>
-  <stringProp name="Assertion.test_field">Assertion.response_code</stringProp>
-  <stringProp name="Assertion.assume_success">false</stringProp>
-  <intProp name="Assertion.test_type">8</intProp>
-</ResponseAssertion>
-```
-
-## JMeter 高级功能
-
-### CSV 参数化
-```csv
-# users.csv
-username,password
-user1,pass1
-user2,pass2
-user3,pass3
-```
-
-```xml
-<CSVDataSet>
-  <stringProp name="filename">users.csv</stringProp>
-  <stringProp name="variableNames">username,password</stringProp>
-  <boolProp name="recycle">true</boolProp>
-  <boolProp name="stopThread">false</boolProp>
-</CSVDataSet>
-
-<!-- 使用变量 -->
-<stringProp name="Argument.value">${username}</stringProp>
-```
-
-### 正则提取器
-```xml
-<RegexExtractor>
-  <stringProp name="RegexExtractor.refname">token</stringProp>
-  <stringProp name="RegexExtractor.regex">"token":"([^"]+)"</stringProp>
-  <stringProp name="RegexExtractor.template">$1$</stringProp>
-  <stringProp name="RegexExtractor.default">NOT_FOUND</stringProp>
-  <intProp name="RegexExtractor.match_number">1</intProp>
-</RegexExtractor>
-
-<!-- 后续请求使用 -->
-<stringProp name="Header.value">Bearer ${token}</stringProp>
-```
-
-### BeanShell 脚本
-```java
-// 前置处理器
-import java.util.Date;
-import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
-
-SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
-String timestamp = sdf.format(new Date());
-vars.put("timestamp", timestamp);
-
-// 后置处理器
-String response = prev.getResponseDataAsString();
-log.info("Response: " + response);
-
-if (prev.getResponseCode().equals("200")) {
-    vars.put("status", "success");
-} else {
-    vars.put("status", "failed");
-}
-```
-
-## 性能指标分析
-
-### 关键指标
-```
-响应时间 (Response Time)
-├── 平均响应时间 (Average)
-├── 中位数 (Median/P50)
-├── 90分位 (P90)
-├── 95分位 (P95)
-└── 99分位 (P99)
-
-吞吐量 (Throughput)
-├── 请求/秒 (RPS)
-├── 事务/秒 (TPS)
-└── 数据传输速率 (MB/s)
-
-错误率 (Error Rate)
-├── HTTP错误 (4xx/5xx)
-├── 超时错误
-└── 连接错误
-
-并发用户数 (Concurrent Users)
-└── 活跃用户数
-```
-
-### 指标阈值示例
-```javascript
-// k6 阈值配置
-export const options = {
-  thresholds: {
-    // 响应时间
-    'http_req_duration': ['p(95)<500', 'p(99)<1000'],
-
-    // 错误率
-    'http_req_failed': ['rate<0.01'],
-
-    // 吞吐量
-    'http_reqs': ['rate>100'],
-
-    // 特定请求
-    'http_req_duration{name:login}': ['p(95)<1000'],
-    'http_req_duration{name:api}': ['p(95)<200'],
-  },
-};
-```
-
-### 性能基准
-| 场景 | P95响应时间 | 错误率 | 吞吐量 |
-|------|-------------|--------|--------|
-| API查询 | <200ms | <0.1% | >1000 RPS |
-| API写入 | <500ms | <0.5% | >500 RPS |
-| 页面加载 | <2s | <1% | >100 RPS |
-| 文件上传 | <5s | <2% | >50 RPS |
-
-## Gatling 示例
-
-### 基础脚本
-```scala
-import io.gatling.core.Predef._
-import io.gatling.http.Predef._
-import scala.concurrent.duration._
-
-class BasicSimulation extends Simulation {
-
-  val httpProtocol = http
-    .baseUrl("https://api.example.com")
-    .acceptHeader("application/json")
-    .userAgentHeader("Gatling")
-
-  val scn = scenario("Basic Load Test")
-    .exec(
-      http("Get Users")
-        .get("/users")
-        .check(status.is(200))
-    )
-    .pause(1)
-
-  setUp(
-    scn.inject(
-      rampUsers(100) during (60 seconds)
-    )
-  ).protocols(httpProtocol)
-}
-```
-
-### 复杂场景
-```scala
-class AdvancedSimulation extends Simulation {
-
-  val httpProtocol = http.baseUrl("https://api.example.com")
-
-  val login = exec(
-    http("Login")
-      .post("/api/login")
-      .body(StringBody("""{"username":"${username}","password":"${password}"}"""))
-      .check(jsonPath("$.token").saveAs("token"))
-  )
-
-  val browse = exec(
-    http("Get Dashboard")
-      .get("/dashboard")
-      .header("Authorization", "Bearer ${token}")
-  )
-
-  val scn = scenario("User Journey")
-    .feed(csv("users.csv").circular)
-    .exec(login)
-    .pause(2)
-    .exec(browse)
-
-  setUp(
-    scn.inject(
-      atOnceUsers(10),
-      rampUsers(50) during (30 seconds),
-      constantUsersPerSec(20) during (1 minute)
-    )
-  ).protocols(httpProtocol)
-}
-```
-
-## 性能监控集成
-
-### Prometheus + Grafana
-```yaml
-# k6 输出到 Prometheus
-export const options = {
-  ext: {
-    loadimpact: {
-      projectID: 123456,
-      name: "Performance Test"
-    }
-  }
-};
-
-# 或使用 xk6-output-prometheus-remote
-K6_PROMETHEUS_REMOTE_URL=http://localhost:9090/api/v1/write k6 run script.js
-```
-
-### InfluxDB 集成
-```bash
-# 启动 InfluxDB
-docker run -d -p 8086:8086 influxdb:1.8
-
-# k6 输出到 InfluxDB
-k6 run --out influxdb=http://localhost:8086/k6 script.js
-```
-
-### Grafana Dashboard
-```json
-{
-  "dashboard": {
-    "title": "k6 Performance Dashboard",
-    "panels": [
-      {
-        "title": "Response Time",
-        "targets": [
-          {
-            "measurement": "http_req_duration",
-            "select": [["value", "mean"]]
-          }
-        ]
-      },
-      {
-        "title": "Throughput",
-        "targets": [
-          {
-            "measurement": "http_reqs",
-            "select": [["count", "sum"]]
-          }
-        ]
-      }
-    ]
-  }
-}
-```
-
-## CI/CD 集成
-
-### GitHub Actions
-```yaml
-name: Performance Test
-
-on:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '0 2 * * *'  # 每天凌晨2点
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-jobs:
-  performance:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-      - name: Run k6 test
-        uses: grafana/k6-action@v0.3.0
-        with:
-          filename: tests/performance.js
-          flags: --out json=results.json
-
-      - name: Upload results
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          name: k6-results
-          path: results.json
-
-      - name: Check thresholds
-        run: |
-          if grep -q '"thresholds".*"failed":true' results.json; then
-            echo "Performance thresholds failed"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-```
-
-### GitLab CI
-```yaml
-performance:
-  image: grafana/k6:latest
-  stage: test
-  script:
-    - k6 run --out json=results.json tests/performance.js
-  artifacts:
-    paths:
-      - results.json
-    reports:
-      performance: results.json
-  only:
-    - schedules
-```
-
-## 性能测试最佳实践
-
-### 测试环境
-```yaml
-要求:
-  - 独立环境，避免干扰
-  - 配置与生产环境一致
-  - 稳定的网络环境
-  - 充足的资源（CPU/内存/带宽）
-
-避免:
-  - 在生产环境测试
-  - 共享测试环境
-  - 资源不足的环境
-```
-
-### 测试数据
-```javascript
-// ✅ 使用真实数据分布
-const users = [
-  { type: 'light', weight: 70 },   // 70%轻度用户
-  { type: 'medium', weight: 20 },  // 20%中度用户
-  { type: 'heavy', weight: 10 },   // 10%重度用户
-];
-
-// ✅ 数据隔离
-const userId = `user_${__VU}_${__ITER}`;
-
-// ✅ 清理测试数据
-export function teardown(data) {
-  // 清理逻辑
-}
-```
-
-### 渐进式测试
-```
-1. 基准测试 (Baseline)
-   └─ 单用户，建立基准
-
-2. 负载测试 (Load)
-   └─ 预期负载，验证性能
-
-3. 压力测试 (Stress)
-   └─ 超出负载，找到极限
-
-4. 浸泡测试 (Soak)
-   └─ 长时间运行，检测泄漏
-```
-
-### 结果分析
-```javascript
-// k6 自定义指标
-import { Trend, Counter } from 'k6/metrics';
-
-const loginDuration = new Trend('login_duration');
-const loginErrors = new Counter('login_errors');
-
-export default function () {
-  const start = Date.now();
-  const res = http.post('/login', payload);
-  loginDuration.add(Date.now() - start);
-
-  if (res.status !== 200) {
-    loginErrors.add(1);
-  }
-}
-```
-
-## 工具对比
-
-| 工具 | 语言 | 学习曲线 | 性能 | 云支持 | 开源 |
-|------|------|----------|------|--------|------|
-| k6 | JavaScript | 低 | 高 | ✅ | ✅ |
-| JMeter | Java/GUI | 中 | 中 | ⚠️ | ✅ |
-| Gatling | Scala | 高 | 高 | ✅ | ✅ |
-| Locust | Python | 低 | 中 | ⚠️ | ✅ |
-| Artillery | JavaScript | 低 | 中 | ✅ | ✅ |
-
-### 选择建议
-```
-k6:
-  ✅ 现代化、易用、性能好
-  ✅ 适合 DevOps 集成
-  ✅ 云原生支持
-
-JMeter:
-  ✅ 功能全面、插件丰富
-  ✅ GUI 适合初学者
-  ⚠️ 资源消耗较大
-
-Gatling:
-  ✅ 高性能、DSL 优雅
-  ⚠️ 学习曲线陡峭
-  ✅ 适合大规模测试
-
-Locust:
-  ✅ Python 生态
-  ✅ 分布式支持
-  ⚠️ 性能不如 k6/Gatling
-```
-
----