code-abyss 1.6.16 → 1.7.0

package/skills/domains/development/swift.md

@@ -1,755 +0,0 @@
----
-name: swift
-description: Swift 开发技术。SwiftUI、UIKit、Combine、Swift Concurrency、ARC 内存管理。当用户提到 Swift、SwiftUI、UIKit、Combine、iOS 开发、async/await 时使用。
----
-
-# 🍎 Swift 开发 · Swift Development
-
-## 生态架构
-
-```
-         Swift Concurrency
-              │
-    ┌─────────┼─────────┐
-    │         │         │
-SwiftUI   UIKit    Combine
-    │         │         │
-    └─────────┼─────────┘
-              │
-         Foundation
-              │
-    ┌─────────┼─────────┐
-  CoreData  Network   ARC
-```
-
-## SwiftUI 基础
-
-### 视图声明
-```swift
-import SwiftUI
-
-struct ContentView: View {
-    @State private var count = 0
-    @State private var isPresented = false
-
-    var body: some View {
-        VStack(spacing: 20) {
-            Text("Count: \(count)")
-                .font(.largeTitle)
-                .foregroundColor(.blue)
-
-            Button("Increment") {
-                count += 1
-            }
-            .buttonStyle(.borderedProminent)
-
-            Button("Show Sheet") {
-                isPresented = true
-            }
-            .sheet(isPresented: $isPresented) {
-                DetailView()
-            }
-        }
-        .padding()
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### 状态管理
-```swift
-// @State - 视图内部状态
-struct CounterView: View {
-    @State private var count = 0
-
-    var body: some View {
-        Button("Count: \(count)") {
-            count += 1
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// @Binding - 双向绑定
-struct ChildView: View {
-    @Binding var text: String
-
-    var body: some View {
-        TextField("Enter text", text: $text)
-    }
-}
-
-// @ObservedObject - 外部可观察对象
-class ViewModel: ObservableObject {
-    @Published var items: [Item] = []
-    @Published var isLoading = false
-
-    func fetchItems() async {
-        isLoading = true
-        defer { isLoading = false }
-
-        items = await APIClient.shared.fetchItems()
-    }
-}
-
-struct ListView: View {
-    @StateObject private var viewModel = ViewModel()
-
-    var body: some View {
-        List(viewModel.items) { item in
-            Text(item.name)
-        }
-        .task {
-            await viewModel.fetchItems()
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// @EnvironmentObject - 环境对象
-struct ParentView: View {
-    @StateObject private var settings = AppSettings()
-
-    var body: some View {
-        ChildView()
-            .environmentObject(settings)
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### 列表与导航
-```swift
-struct ItemListView: View {
-    let items: [Item]
-
-    var body: some View {
-        NavigationStack {
-            List(items) { item in
-                NavigationLink(value: item) {
-                    ItemRow(item: item)
-                }
-            }
-            .navigationTitle("Items")
-            .navigationDestination(for: Item.self) { item in
-                ItemDetailView(item: item)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// 自定义行视图
-struct ItemRow: View {
-    let item: Item
-
-    var body: some View {
-        HStack {
-            AsyncImage(url: item.imageURL) { image in
-                image.resizable()
-            } placeholder: {
-                ProgressView()
-            }
-            .frame(width: 50, height: 50)
-            .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 8))
-
-            VStack(alignment: .leading) {
-                Text(item.name)
-                    .font(.headline)
-                Text(item.description)
-                    .font(.caption)
-                    .foregroundColor(.secondary)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### 动画与过渡
-```swift
-struct AnimatedView: View {
-    @State private var isExpanded = false
-    @State private var rotation = 0.0
-
-    var body: some View {
-        VStack {
-            Rectangle()
-                .fill(.blue)
-                .frame(width: isExpanded ? 200 : 100,
-                       height: isExpanded ? 200 : 100)
-                .rotationEffect(.degrees(rotation))
-                .animation(.spring(response: 0.5, dampingFraction: 0.6), value: isExpanded)
-
-            Button("Toggle") {
-                withAnimation {
-                    isExpanded.toggle()
-                    rotation += 180
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// 自定义过渡
-extension AnyTransition {
-    static var slideAndFade: AnyTransition {
-        .asymmetric(
-            insertion: .move(edge: .trailing).combined(with: .opacity),
-            removal: .move(edge: .leading).combined(with: .opacity)
-        )
-    }
-}
-```
-
-## UIKit 核心
-
-### 视图控制器
-```swift
-import UIKit
-
-class UserViewController: UIViewController {
-    private let tableView = UITableView()
-    private var users: [User] = []
-
-    override func viewDidLoad() {
-        super.viewDidLoad()
-        setupUI()
-        fetchUsers()
-    }
-
-    private func setupUI() {
-        view.backgroundColor = .systemBackground
-
-        tableView.delegate = self
-        tableView.dataSource = self
-        tableView.register(UserCell.self, forCellReuseIdentifier: "UserCell")
-
-        view.addSubview(tableView)
-        tableView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
-        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
-            tableView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.safeAreaLayoutGuide.topAnchor),
-            tableView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.leadingAnchor),
-            tableView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.trailingAnchor),
-            tableView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.bottomAnchor)
-        ])
-    }
-
-    private func fetchUsers() {
-        Task {
-            users = await APIClient.shared.fetchUsers()
-            tableView.reloadData()
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-extension UserViewController: UITableViewDataSource {
-    func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, numberOfRowsInSection section: Int) -> Int {
-        users.count
-    }
-
-    func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, cellForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {
-        let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: "UserCell", for: indexPath) as! UserCell
-        cell.configure(with: users[indexPath.row])
-        return cell
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### Auto Layout
-```swift
-class CustomView: UIView {
-    private let titleLabel = UILabel()
-    private let imageView = UIImageView()
-
-    override init(frame: CGRect) {
-        super.init(frame: frame)
-        setupViews()
-    }
-
-    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
-        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
-    }
-
-    private func setupViews() {
-        addSubview(imageView)
-        addSubview(titleLabel)
-
-        imageView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
-        titleLabel.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
-
-        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
-            imageView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: topAnchor, constant: 16),
-            imageView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: leadingAnchor, constant: 16),
-            imageView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 60),
-            imageView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 60),
-
-            titleLabel.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: imageView.trailingAnchor, constant: 12),
-            titleLabel.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: trailingAnchor, constant: -16),
-            titleLabel.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: imageView.centerYAnchor)
-        ])
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### 导航与生命周期
-```swift
-class MainViewController: UIViewController {
-    override func viewDidLoad() {
-        super.viewDidLoad()
-        title = "Main"
-        navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = UIBarButtonItem(
-            barButtonSystemItem: .add,
-            target: self,
-            action: #selector(addTapped)
-        )
-    }
-
-    override func viewWillAppear(_ animated: Bool) {
-        super.viewWillAppear(animated)
-        // 视图即将显示
-    }
-
-    override func viewDidAppear(_ animated: Bool) {
-        super.viewDidAppear(animated)
-        // 视图已显示
-    }
-
-    @objc private func addTapped() {
-        let detailVC = DetailViewController()
-        navigationController?.pushViewController(detailVC, animated: true)
-    }
-}
-```
-
-## Combine 响应式编程
-
-### Publisher 与 Subscriber
-```swift
-import Combine
-
-class DataService {
-    private var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
-
-    func fetchData() {
-        URLSession.shared.dataTaskPublisher(for: url)
-            .map(\.data)
-            .decode(type: [Item].self, decoder: JSONDecoder())
-            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
-            .sink(
-                receiveCompletion: { completion in
-                    switch completion {
-                    case .finished:
-                        print("Completed")
-                    case .failure(let error):
-                        print("Error: \(error)")
-                    }
-                },
-                receiveValue: { items in
-                    print("Received \(items.count) items")
-                }
-            )
-            .store(in: &cancellables)
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### 操作符链
-```swift
-class SearchViewModel: ObservableObject {
-    @Published var searchText = ""
-    @Published var results: [Result] = []
-
-    private var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
-
-    init() {
-        $searchText
-            .debounce(for: .milliseconds(300), scheduler: DispatchQueue.main)
-            .removeDuplicates()
-            .filter { !$0.isEmpty }
-            .flatMap { query in
-                self.search(query: query)
-                    .catch { _ in Just([]) }
-            }
-            .assign(to: &$results)
-    }
-
-    private func search(query: String) -> AnyPublisher<[Result], Error> {
-        URLSession.shared.dataTaskPublisher(for: searchURL(query))
-            .map(\.data)
-            .decode(type: [Result].self, decoder: JSONDecoder())
-            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### Subject 类型
-```swift
-import Combine
-
-class EventBus {
-    static let shared = EventBus()
-
-    let userLoggedIn = PassthroughSubject<User, Never>()
-    let dataUpdated = CurrentValueSubject<[Item], Never>([])
-
-    private init() {}
-}
-
-// 使用
-EventBus.shared.userLoggedIn
-    .sink { user in
-        print("User logged in: \(user.name)")
-    }
-    .store(in: &cancellables)
-
-EventBus.shared.userLoggedIn.send(currentUser)
-```
-
-## Swift Concurrency
-
-### async/await
-```swift
-// 异步函数
-func fetchUser(id: String) async throws -> User {
-    let url = URL(string: "https://api.example.com/users/\(id)")!
-    let (data, _) = try await URLSession.shared.data(from: url)
-    return try JSONDecoder().decode(User.self, from: data)
-}
-
-// 并发调用
-func fetchMultipleUsers(ids: [String]) async throws -> [User] {
-    try await withThrowingTaskGroup(of: User.self) { group in
-        for id in ids {
-            group.addTask {
-                try await fetchUser(id: id)
-            }
-        }
-
-        var users: [User] = []
-        for try await user in group {
-            users.append(user)
-        }
-        return users
-    }
-}
-
-// 在视图中使用
-struct UserView: View {
-    @State private var user: User?
-
-    var body: some View {
-        Group {
-            if let user = user {
-                Text(user.name)
-            } else {
-                ProgressView()
-            }
-        }
-        .task {
-            user = try? await fetchUser(id: "123")
-        }
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### Actor 并发安全
-```swift
-actor DatabaseManager {
-    private var cache: [String: Data] = [:]
-
-    func getData(key: String) async -> Data? {
-        if let cached = cache[key] {
-            return cached
-        }
-
-        let data = await fetchFromNetwork(key: key)
-        cache[key] = data
-        return data
-    }
-
-    func clearCache() {
-        cache.removeAll()
-    }
-}
-
-// 使用
-let db = DatabaseManager()
-let data = await db.getData(key: "user_123")
-```
-
-### AsyncSequence
-```swift
-struct AsyncLineReader: AsyncSequence {
-    typealias Element = String
-
-    let url: URL
-
-    func makeAsyncIterator() -> AsyncIterator {
-        AsyncIterator(url: url)
-    }
-
-    struct AsyncIterator: AsyncIteratorProtocol {
-        let url: URL
-        private var lines: [String]?
-        private var index = 0
-
-        mutating func next() async throws -> String? {
-            if lines == nil {
-                let content = try String(contentsOf: url)
-                lines = content.components(separatedBy: .newlines)
-            }
-
-            guard let lines = lines, index < lines.count else {
-                return nil
-            }
-
-            defer { index += 1 }
-            return lines[index]
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// 使用
-for try await line in AsyncLineReader(url: fileURL) {
-    print(line)
-}
-```
-
-## 内存管理 (ARC)
-
-### 强引用循环
-```swift
-class Person {
-    let name: String
-    var apartment: Apartment?
-
-    init(name: String) {
-        self.name = name
-    }
-
-    deinit {
-        print("\(name) is being deinitialized")
-    }
-}
-
-class Apartment {
-    let unit: String
-    weak var tenant: Person?  // weak 避免循环引用
-
-    init(unit: String) {
-        self.unit = unit
-    }
-
-    deinit {
-        print("Apartment \(unit) is being deinitialized")
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### 闭包捕获列表
-```swift
-class ViewController: UIViewController {
-    var name = "View Controller"
-
-    func setupHandler() {
-        // ❌ 强引用循环
-        someAsyncOperation {
-            print(self.name)
-        }
-
-        // ✅ 使用 weak
-        someAsyncOperation { [weak self] in
-            guard let self = self else { return }
-            print(self.name)
-        }
-
-        // ✅ 使用 unowned (确定不会为 nil)
-        someAsyncOperation { [unowned self] in
-            print(self.name)
-        }
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### 值类型 vs 引用类型
-```swift
-// 值类型 (struct, enum) - 复制语义
-struct Point {
-    var x: Int
-    var y: Int
-}
-
-var p1 = Point(x: 0, y: 0)
-var p2 = p1
-p2.x = 10
-print(p1.x)  // 0 (未改变)
-
-// 引用类型 (class) - 共享语义
-class Rectangle {
-    var width: Int
-    var height: Int
-
-    init(width: Int, height: Int) {
-        self.width = width
-        self.height = height
-    }
-}
-
-let r1 = Rectangle(width: 10, height: 20)
-let r2 = r1
-r2.width = 30
-print(r1.width)  // 30 (已改变)
-```
-
-## 网络请求
-
-### URLSession
-```swift
-class APIClient {
-    static let shared = APIClient()
-
-    func fetch<T: Decodable>(_ type: T.Type, from url: URL) async throws -> T {
-        let (data, response) = try await URLSession.shared.data(from: url)
-
-        guard let httpResponse = response as? HTTPURLResponse,
-              (200...299).contains(httpResponse.statusCode) else {
-            throw APIError.invalidResponse
-        }
-
-        return try JSONDecoder().decode(T.self, from: data)
-    }
-
-    func post<T: Encodable, R: Decodable>(
-        _ endpoint: String,
-        body: T
-    ) async throws -> R {
-        var request = URLRequest(url: URL(string: endpoint)!)
-        request.httpMethod = "POST"
-        request.setValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
-        request.httpBody = try JSONEncoder().encode(body)
-
-        let (data, _) = try await URLSession.shared.data(for: request)
-        return try JSONDecoder().decode(R.self, from: data)
-    }
-}
-```
-
-## CoreData 持久化
-
-### 数据模型
-```swift
-import CoreData
-
-@objc(Task)
-class Task: NSManagedObject {
-    @NSManaged var id: UUID
-    @NSManaged var title: String
-    @NSManaged var isCompleted: Bool
-    @NSManaged var createdAt: Date
-}
-
-class PersistenceController {
-    static let shared = PersistenceController()
-
-    let container: NSPersistentContainer
-
-    init() {
-        container = NSPersistentContainer(name: "Model")
-        container.loadPersistentStores { _, error in
-            if let error = error {
-                fatalError("Core Data failed: \(error)")
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    func save() {
-        let context = container.viewContext
-        if context.hasChanges {
-            try? context.save()
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// 使用
-let context = PersistenceController.shared.container.viewContext
-let task = Task(context: context)
-task.id = UUID()
-task.title = "New Task"
-task.isCompleted = false
-task.createdAt = Date()
-PersistenceController.shared.save()
-```
-
-## 测试
-
-### XCTest 单元测试
-```swift
-import XCTest
-@testable import MyApp
-
-class CalculatorTests: XCTestCase {
-    var calculator: Calculator!
-
-    override func setUp() {
-        super.setUp()
-        calculator = Calculator()
-    }
-
-    override func tearDown() {
-        calculator = nil
-        super.tearDown()
-    }
-
-    func testAddition() {
-        let result = calculator.add(2, 3)
-        XCTAssertEqual(result, 5)
-    }
-
-    func testAsyncOperation() async throws {
-        let result = try await calculator.fetchResult()
-        XCTAssertGreaterThan(result, 0)
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### UI 测试
-```swift
-class UITests: XCTestCase {
-    func testLoginFlow() {
-        let app = XCUIApplication()
-        app.launch()
-
-        let emailField = app.textFields["Email"]
-        emailField.tap()
-        emailField.typeText("test@example.com")
-
-        let passwordField = app.secureTextFields["Password"]
-        passwordField.tap()
-        passwordField.typeText("password123")
-
-        app.buttons["Login"].tap()
-
-        XCTAssertTrue(app.staticTexts["Welcome"].exists)
-    }
-}
-```
-
-## 框架对比
-
-| 特性 | SwiftUI | UIKit |
-|------|---------|-------|
-| 声明式 | ✅ | ❌ |
-| 学习曲线 | 平缓 | 陡峭 |
-| 性能 | 优秀 | 优秀 |
-| 兼容性 | iOS 13+ | iOS 2+ |
-| 自定义能力 | 中等 | 强大 |
-| 预览功能 | ✅ | ❌ |
-
-## 工具清单
-
-| 工具 | 用途 |
-|------|------|
-| Xcode | 官方 IDE |
-| Swift Package Manager | 依赖管理 |
-| CocoaPods | 依赖管理 |
-| Carthage | 依赖管理 |
-| Instruments | 性能分析 |
-| SwiftLint | 代码规范 |
-| Fastlane | 自动化部署 |
-
----