code-abyss 1.6.16 → 1.7.0

package/skills/domains/development/kotlin.md

@@ -1,834 +0,0 @@
----
-name: kotlin
-description: Kotlin 开发技术。Jetpack Compose、Coroutines、Flow、Android 开发、协程并发。当用户提到 Kotlin、Jetpack Compose、Coroutines、Flow、Android 开发时使用。
----
-
-# 🤖 Kotlin 开发 · Kotlin Development
-
-## 生态架构
-
-```
-         Kotlin Coroutines
-              │
-    ┌─────────┼─────────┐
-    │         │         │
-  Flow    Channel   StateFlow
-    │         │         │
-    └─────────┼─────────┘
-              │
-      Jetpack Compose
-              │
-    ┌─────────┼─────────┐
-  ViewModel  Room    Retrofit
-```
-
-## Kotlin 语言特性
-
-### 空安全
-```kotlin
-// 可空类型
-var name: String? = null
-val length = name?.length ?: 0  // Elvis 操作符
-
-// 安全调用链
-val city = user?.address?.city
-
-// 非空断言 (谨慎使用)
-val length = name!!.length
-
-// let 作用域函数
-name?.let {
-    println("Name is $it")
-}
-
-// 智能转换
-fun process(value: Any) {
-    if (value is String) {
-        println(value.length)  // 自动转换为 String
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### 数据类与密封类
-```kotlin
-// 数据类
-data class User(
-    val id: String,
-    val name: String,
-    val email: String
-) {
-    fun isAdmin() = email.endsWith("@admin.com")
-}
-
-val user = User("1", "John", "john@example.com")
-val updated = user.copy(name = "Jane")
-
-// 密封类 (类型安全的枚举)
-sealed class Result<out T> {
-    data class Success<T>(val data: T) : Result<T>()
-    data class Error(val message: String) : Result<Nothing>()
-    object Loading : Result<Nothing>()
-}
-
-fun handleResult(result: Result<User>) {
-    when (result) {
-        is Result.Success -> println(result.data)
-        is Result.Error -> println(result.message)
-        Result.Loading -> println("Loading...")
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### 扩展函数
-```kotlin
-// 为现有类添加方法
-fun String.isEmail(): Boolean {
-    return this.contains("@") && this.contains(".")
-}
-
-fun List<Int>.average(): Double {
-    return if (isEmpty()) 0.0 else sum().toDouble() / size
-}
-
-// 使用
-val email = "test@example.com"
-if (email.isEmail()) {
-    println("Valid email")
-}
-
-val numbers = listOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
-println(numbers.average())  // 3.0
-```
-
-### 高阶函数与 Lambda
-```kotlin
-// 高阶函数
-fun <T> List<T>.customFilter(predicate: (T) -> Boolean): List<T> {
-    val result = mutableListOf<T>()
-    for (item in this) {
-        if (predicate(item)) {
-            result.add(item)
-        }
-    }
-    return result
-}
-
-// 使用
-val numbers = listOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
-val evens = numbers.customFilter { it % 2 == 0 }
-
-// 函数类型参数
-fun performOperation(x: Int, y: Int, operation: (Int, Int) -> Int): Int {
-    return operation(x, y)
-}
-
-val sum = performOperation(5, 3) { a, b -> a + b }
-val product = performOperation(5, 3) { a, b -> a * b }
-```
-
-## Jetpack Compose
-
-### 组合函数
-```kotlin
-import androidx.compose.runtime.*
-import androidx.compose.material3.*
-import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.*
-
-@Composable
-fun UserProfile(user: User) {
-    var isExpanded by remember { mutableStateOf(false) }
-
-    Card(
-        modifier = Modifier
-            .fillMaxWidth()
-            .padding(16.dp)
-            .clickable { isExpanded = !isExpanded }
-    ) {
-        Column(modifier = Modifier.padding(16.dp)) {
-            Text(
-                text = user.name,
-                style = MaterialTheme.typography.headlineMedium
-            )
-
-            Text(
-                text = user.email,
-                style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodyMedium,
-                color = MaterialTheme.colorScheme.secondary
-            )
-
-            AnimatedVisibility(visible = isExpanded) {
-                Text(
-                    text = user.bio,
-                    modifier = Modifier.padding(top = 8.dp)
-                )
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### 状态管理
-```kotlin
-// remember - 组合内状态
-@Composable
-fun Counter() {
-    var count by remember { mutableStateOf(0) }
-
-    Button(onClick = { count++ }) {
-        Text("Count: $count")
-    }
-}
-
-// rememberSaveable - 配置变更后保留
-@Composable
-fun SaveableCounter() {
-    var count by rememberSaveable { mutableStateOf(0) }
-
-    Button(onClick = { count++ }) {
-        Text("Count: $count")
-    }
-}
-
-// ViewModel 状态
-class UserViewModel : ViewModel() {
-    private val _users = MutableStateFlow<List<User>>(emptyList())
-    val users: StateFlow<List<User>> = _users.asStateFlow()
-
-    fun loadUsers() {
-        viewModelScope.launch {
-            _users.value = repository.getUsers()
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-@Composable
-fun UserList(viewModel: UserViewModel = viewModel()) {
-    val users by viewModel.users.collectAsState()
-
-    LaunchedEffect(Unit) {
-        viewModel.loadUsers()
-    }
-
-    LazyColumn {
-        items(users) { user ->
-            UserItem(user)
-        }
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### 列表与导航
-```kotlin
-@Composable
-fun ItemList(items: List<Item>, onItemClick: (Item) -> Unit) {
-    LazyColumn {
-        items(items, key = { it.id }) { item ->
-            ItemRow(
-                item = item,
-                onClick = { onItemClick(item) }
-            )
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-@Composable
-fun ItemRow(item: Item, onClick: () -> Unit) {
-    Row(
-        modifier = Modifier
-            .fillMaxWidth()
-            .clickable(onClick = onClick)
-            .padding(16.dp),
-        horizontalArrangement = Arrangement.SpaceBetween
-    ) {
-        Column {
-            Text(
-                text = item.name,
-                style = MaterialTheme.typography.titleMedium
-            )
-            Text(
-                text = item.description,
-                style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodySmall
-            )
-        }
-
-        Icon(
-            imageVector = Icons.Default.ChevronRight,
-            contentDescription = null
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-// Navigation
-@Composable
-fun AppNavigation() {
-    val navController = rememberNavController()
-
-    NavHost(navController, startDestination = "home") {
-        composable("home") {
-            HomeScreen(
-                onNavigateToDetail = { id ->
-                    navController.navigate("detail/$id")
-                }
-            )
-        }
-        composable(
-            route = "detail/{id}",
-            arguments = listOf(navArgument("id") { type = NavType.StringType })
-        ) { backStackEntry ->
-            val id = backStackEntry.arguments?.getString("id")
-            DetailScreen(id = id)
-        }
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### 副作用处理
-```kotlin
-@Composable
-fun EffectsExample() {
-    // LaunchedEffect - 启动协程
-    LaunchedEffect(key1 = Unit) {
-        // 组合进入时执行一次
-        loadData()
-    }
-
-    // DisposableEffect - 清理资源
-    DisposableEffect(Unit) {
-        val listener = setupListener()
-        onDispose {
-            listener.remove()
-        }
-    }
-
-    // SideEffect - 发布状态到非 Compose 代码
-    SideEffect {
-        analytics.trackScreenView("Home")
-    }
-
-    // derivedStateOf - 派生状态
-    val items = remember { mutableStateListOf<Item>() }
-    val hasItems by remember {
-        derivedStateOf { items.isNotEmpty() }
-    }
-}
-```
-
-## Kotlin Coroutines
-
-### 基础协程
-```kotlin
-import kotlinx.coroutines.*
-
-// 启动协程
-fun main() = runBlocking {
-    launch {
-        delay(1000L)
-        println("World!")
-    }
-    println("Hello,")
-}
-
-// async/await 并发
-suspend fun fetchUserData(userId: String): UserData = coroutineScope {
-    val userDeferred = async { fetchUser(userId) }
-    val postsDeferred = async { fetchPosts(userId) }
-    val friendsDeferred = async { fetchFriends(userId) }
-
-    UserData(
-        user = userDeferred.await(),
-        posts = postsDeferred.await(),
-        friends = friendsDeferred.await()
-    )
-}
-
-// 超时控制
-suspend fun fetchWithTimeout() {
-    try {
-        withTimeout(5000L) {
-            fetchData()
-        }
-    } catch (e: TimeoutCancellationException) {
-        println("Request timed out")
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### 协程作用域
-```kotlin
-class MyViewModel : ViewModel() {
-    // ViewModel 作用域
-    fun loadData() {
-        viewModelScope.launch {
-            try {
-                val data = repository.fetchData()
-                _state.value = State.Success(data)
-            } catch (e: Exception) {
-                _state.value = State.Error(e.message)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-class MyActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
-    // 生命周期作用域
-    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
-        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
-
-        lifecycleScope.launch {
-            repeatOnLifecycle(Lifecycle.State.STARTED) {
-                viewModel.uiState.collect { state ->
-                    updateUI(state)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// 自定义作用域
-class DataRepository {
-    private val scope = CoroutineScope(SupervisorJob() + Dispatchers.IO)
-
-    fun fetchData() {
-        scope.launch {
-            // 后台任务
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun cleanup() {
-        scope.cancel()
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### 调度器
-```kotlin
-// Dispatchers.Main - UI 线程
-lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.Main) {
-    updateUI()
-}
-
-// Dispatchers.IO - IO 操作
-withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
-    val data = database.query()
-}
-
-// Dispatchers.Default - CPU 密集型
-withContext(Dispatchers.Default) {
-    val result = complexCalculation()
-}
-
-// 切换调度器
-suspend fun loadData() {
-    val data = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
-        fetchFromNetwork()
-    }
-    withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
-        displayData(data)
-    }
-}
-```
-
-## Flow 流式编程
-
-### Flow 基础
-```kotlin
-import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.*
-
-// 创建 Flow
-fun simpleFlow(): Flow<Int> = flow {
-    for (i in 1..3) {
-        delay(100)
-        emit(i)
-    }
-}
-
-// 收集 Flow
-suspend fun collectFlow() {
-    simpleFlow().collect { value ->
-        println(value)
-    }
-}
-
-// Flow 操作符
-fun transformFlow(): Flow<String> = flow {
-    emit(1)
-    emit(2)
-    emit(3)
-}.map { value ->
-    "Number: $value"
-}.filter { text ->
-    text.contains("2")
-}
-```
-
-### StateFlow 与 SharedFlow
-```kotlin
-class UserRepository {
-    // StateFlow - 状态流 (有初始值)
-    private val _users = MutableStateFlow<List<User>>(emptyList())
-    val users: StateFlow<List<User>> = _users.asStateFlow()
-
-    // SharedFlow - 事件流 (无初始值)
-    private val _events = MutableSharedFlow<Event>()
-    val events: SharedFlow<Event> = _events.asSharedFlow()
-
-    suspend fun loadUsers() {
-        val result = api.getUsers()
-        _users.value = result
-        _events.emit(Event.UsersLoaded)
-    }
-}
-
-// 在 ViewModel 中使用
-class UserViewModel(private val repository: UserRepository) : ViewModel() {
-    val users = repository.users
-        .stateIn(
-            scope = viewModelScope,
-            started = SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(5000),
-            initialValue = emptyList()
-        )
-
-    init {
-        viewModelScope.launch {
-            repository.events.collect { event ->
-                handleEvent(event)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### Flow 操作符链
-```kotlin
-class SearchViewModel : ViewModel() {
-    private val _searchQuery = MutableStateFlow("")
-    val searchQuery: StateFlow<String> = _searchQuery
-
-    val searchResults: StateFlow<List<Result>> = searchQuery
-        .debounce(300)
-        .filter { it.length >= 3 }
-        .distinctUntilChanged()
-        .flatMapLatest { query ->
-            repository.search(query)
-                .catch { emit(emptyList()) }
-        }
-        .stateIn(
-            scope = viewModelScope,
-            started = SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(5000),
-            initialValue = emptyList()
-        )
-
-    fun onSearchQueryChanged(query: String) {
-        _searchQuery.value = query
-    }
-}
-```
-
-## Android 架构
-
-### MVVM 模式
-```kotlin
-// Model
-data class User(
-    val id: String,
-    val name: String,
-    val email: String
-)
-
-// Repository
-class UserRepository(
-    private val api: ApiService,
-    private val dao: UserDao
-) {
-    fun getUsers(): Flow<List<User>> = flow {
-        // 先发射缓存数据
-        emit(dao.getAll())
-
-        // 然后获取网络数据
-        val users = api.getUsers()
-        dao.insertAll(users)
-        emit(users)
-    }
-}
-
-// ViewModel
-class UserViewModel(
-    private val repository: UserRepository
-) : ViewModel() {
-    private val _uiState = MutableStateFlow<UiState>(UiState.Loading)
-    val uiState: StateFlow<UiState> = _uiState.asStateFlow()
-
-    init {
-        loadUsers()
-    }
-
-    private fun loadUsers() {
-        viewModelScope.launch {
-            repository.getUsers()
-                .catch { e ->
-                    _uiState.value = UiState.Error(e.message ?: "Unknown error")
-                }
-                .collect { users ->
-                    _uiState.value = UiState.Success(users)
-                }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-sealed class UiState {
-    object Loading : UiState()
-    data class Success(val users: List<User>) : UiState()
-    data class Error(val message: String) : UiState()
-}
-
-// View (Compose)
-@Composable
-fun UserScreen(viewModel: UserViewModel = viewModel()) {
-    val uiState by viewModel.uiState.collectAsState()
-
-    when (val state = uiState) {
-        is UiState.Loading -> LoadingIndicator()
-        is UiState.Success -> UserList(state.users)
-        is UiState.Error -> ErrorMessage(state.message)
-    }
-}
-```
-
-## Room 数据库
-
-### 实体与 DAO
-```kotlin
-// Entity
-@Entity(tableName = "users")
-data class UserEntity(
-    @PrimaryKey val id: String,
-    @ColumnInfo(name = "name") val name: String,
-    @ColumnInfo(name = "email") val email: String,
-    @ColumnInfo(name = "created_at") val createdAt: Long
-)
-
-// DAO
-@Dao
-interface UserDao {
-    @Query("SELECT * FROM users")
-    fun getAll(): Flow<List<UserEntity>>
-
-    @Query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = :userId")
-    suspend fun getById(userId: String): UserEntity?
-
-    @Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.REPLACE)
-    suspend fun insert(user: UserEntity)
-
-    @Insert
-    suspend fun insertAll(users: List<UserEntity>)
-
-    @Update
-    suspend fun update(user: UserEntity)
-
-    @Delete
-    suspend fun delete(user: UserEntity)
-
-    @Query("DELETE FROM users WHERE created_at < :timestamp")
-    suspend fun deleteOlderThan(timestamp: Long)
-}
-
-// Database
-@Database(entities = [UserEntity::class], version = 1)
-abstract class AppDatabase : RoomDatabase() {
-    abstract fun userDao(): UserDao
-
-    companion object {
-        @Volatile
-        private var INSTANCE: AppDatabase? = null
-
-        fun getDatabase(context: Context): AppDatabase {
-            return INSTANCE ?: synchronized(this) {
-                val instance = Room.databaseBuilder(
-                    context.applicationContext,
-                    AppDatabase::class.java,
-                    "app_database"
-                ).build()
-                INSTANCE = instance
-                instance
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-```
-
-## Retrofit 网络请求
-
-### API 定义
-```kotlin
-interface ApiService {
-    @GET("users")
-    suspend fun getUsers(): List<User>
-
-    @GET("users/{id}")
-    suspend fun getUser(@Path("id") userId: String): User
-
-    @POST("users")
-    suspend fun createUser(@Body user: CreateUserRequest): User
-
-    @PUT("users/{id}")
-    suspend fun updateUser(
-        @Path("id") userId: String,
-        @Body user: UpdateUserRequest
-    ): User
-
-    @DELETE("users/{id}")
-    suspend fun deleteUser(@Path("id") userId: String)
-
-    @GET("search")
-    suspend fun search(@Query("q") query: String): SearchResult
-}
-
-// Retrofit 配置
-object RetrofitClient {
-    private val okHttpClient = OkHttpClient.Builder()
-        .addInterceptor { chain ->
-            val request = chain.request().newBuilder()
-                .addHeader("Authorization", "Bearer $token")
-                .build()
-            chain.proceed(request)
-        }
-        .connectTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
-        .readTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
-        .build()
-
-    val api: ApiService = Retrofit.Builder()
-        .baseUrl("https://api.example.com/")
-        .client(okHttpClient)
-        .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
-        .build()
-        .create(ApiService::class.java)
-}
-```
-
-## 依赖注入 (Hilt)
-
-### 模块配置
-```kotlin
-@HiltAndroidApp
-class MyApplication : Application()
-
-@Module
-@InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class)
-object AppModule {
-    @Provides
-    @Singleton
-    fun provideApiService(): ApiService {
-        return RetrofitClient.api
-    }
-
-    @Provides
-    @Singleton
-    fun provideDatabase(@ApplicationContext context: Context): AppDatabase {
-        return AppDatabase.getDatabase(context)
-    }
-
-    @Provides
-    fun provideUserDao(database: AppDatabase): UserDao {
-        return database.userDao()
-    }
-}
-
-// 注入使用
-@HiltViewModel
-class UserViewModel @Inject constructor(
-    private val repository: UserRepository
-) : ViewModel() {
-    // ...
-}
-
-@AndroidEntryPoint
-class MainActivity : ComponentActivity() {
-    private val viewModel: UserViewModel by viewModels()
-
-    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
-        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
-        // ...
-    }
-}
-```
-
-## 测试
-
-### 单元测试
-```kotlin
-class CalculatorTest {
-    private lateinit var calculator: Calculator
-
-    @Before
-    fun setup() {
-        calculator = Calculator()
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun `addition should return correct result`() {
-        val result = calculator.add(2, 3)
-        assertEquals(5, result)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun `division by zero should throw exception`() {
-        assertThrows<ArithmeticException> {
-            calculator.divide(10, 0)
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// 协程测试
-@ExperimentalCoroutinesApi
-class UserViewModelTest {
-    @get:Rule
-    val mainDispatcherRule = MainDispatcherRule()
-
-    private lateinit var viewModel: UserViewModel
-    private lateinit var repository: FakeUserRepository
-
-    @Before
-    fun setup() {
-        repository = FakeUserRepository()
-        viewModel = UserViewModel(repository)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun `loadUsers should update state to success`() = runTest {
-        val users = listOf(User("1", "John", "john@example.com"))
-        repository.setUsers(users)
-
-        viewModel.loadUsers()
-
-        val state = viewModel.uiState.value
-        assertTrue(state is UiState.Success)
-        assertEquals(users, (state as UiState.Success).users)
-    }
-}
-```
-
-## 最佳实践
-
-| 场景 | 推荐做法 |
-|------|----------|
-| 异步操作 | 使用 Coroutines + Flow |
-| 状态管理 | StateFlow + ViewModel |
-| 依赖注入 | Hilt |
-| 网络请求 | Retrofit + OkHttp |
-| 本地存储 | Room + DataStore |
-| UI 开发 | Jetpack Compose |
-
-## 工具清单
-
-| 工具 | 用途 |
-|------|------|
-| Android Studio | 官方 IDE |
-| Gradle | 构建工具 |
-| Kotlin Coroutines | 异步编程 |
-| Jetpack Compose | 声明式 UI |
-| Hilt | 依赖注入 |
-| Retrofit | 网络请求 |
-| Room | 数据库 |
-| Coil | 图片加载 |
-
----