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package/.claude/skills/general-it-engineering/resources/enterprise-monitoring.md

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+# Enterprise Monitoring
+
+Enterprise monitoring tools, dashboards, capacity management, performance metrics, and proactive monitoring strategies.
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+- [Monitoring Overview](#monitoring-overview)
+- [Monitoring Tools](#monitoring-tools)
+- [Monitoring Metrics](#monitoring-metrics)
+- [Dashboards](#dashboards)
+- [Alerting](#alerting)
+- [Capacity Management](#capacity-management)
+- [Best Practices](#best-practices)
+
+## Monitoring Overview
+
+### Purpose
+
+Enterprise monitoring provides:
+- Real-time visibility into IT infrastructure
+- Proactive issue detection
+- Performance optimization
+- Capacity planning
+- Service level compliance
+- Root cause analysis
+
+### Monitoring Layers
+
+```
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│ Business Monitoring                      │
+│ - Transaction success rate              │
+│ - Revenue per minute                    │
+│ - Customer experience                   │
+└──────────────┬──────────────────────────┘
+               ↓
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│ Application Monitoring (APM)            │
+│ - Response times                        │
+│ - Error rates                           │
+│ - Database query performance            │
+└──────────────┬──────────────────────────┘
+               ↓
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│ Infrastructure Monitoring               │
+│ - Server CPU/memory                     │
+│ - Network bandwidth                     │
+│ - Storage capacity                      │
+└──────────────┬──────────────────────────┘
+               ↓
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│ Network Monitoring                      │
+│ - Link availability                     │
+│ - Latency                               │
+│ - Packet loss                           │
+└─────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+## Monitoring Tools
+
+### Enterprise Monitoring Stack
+
+**Infrastructure Monitoring:**
+```yaml
+Tools:
+  - Nagios/Icinga: Traditional monitoring
+  - Zabbix: Enterprise monitoring
+  - PRTG: Network monitoring
+  - SolarWinds: Comprehensive suite
+
+Capabilities:
+  - Server monitoring (CPU, memory, disk)
+  - Network device monitoring
+  - Service checks (HTTP, SMTP, etc.)
+  - SNMP monitoring
+  - Alerting
+```
+
+**Application Performance Monitoring (APM):**
+```yaml
+Tools:
+  - New Relic: Full-stack observability
+  - Dynatrace: AI-powered APM
+  - AppDynamics: Application intelligence
+  - Datadog: Cloud-scale monitoring
+
+Capabilities:
+  - Application performance
+  - Transaction tracing
+  - Code-level diagnostics
+  - User experience monitoring
+  - Error tracking
+```
+
+**Log Management:**
+```yaml
+Tools:
+  - Splunk: Enterprise log analysis
+  - ELK Stack: Open-source (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana)
+  - Graylog: Log management
+  - Sumo Logic: Cloud-native logs
+
+Capabilities:
+  - Centralized logging
+  - Log aggregation
+  - Search and analysis
+  - Correlation
+  - Compliance
+```
+
+**Cloud Monitoring:**
+```yaml
+AWS:
+  - CloudWatch: Metrics and logs
+  - X-Ray: Distributed tracing
+  - CloudTrail: Audit logs
+
+Azure:
+  - Azure Monitor: Unified monitoring
+  - Application Insights: APM
+  - Log Analytics: Log management
+
+GCP:
+  - Cloud Monitoring: Metrics
+  - Cloud Logging: Logs
+  - Cloud Trace: Distributed tracing
+```
+
+## Monitoring Metrics
+
+### Infrastructure Metrics
+
+**Server Metrics:**
+```yaml
+CPU:
+  - CPU utilization (%)
+  - Load average (1m, 5m, 15m)
+  - Context switches
+  - CPU steal time (virtual)
+
+  Thresholds:
+    Warning: >70%
+    Critical: >90%
+
+Memory:
+  - Memory utilization (%)
+  - Swap usage
+  - Memory available
+  - Page faults
+
+  Thresholds:
+    Warning: >80%
+    Critical: >95%
+
+Disk:
+  - Disk utilization (%)
+  - Disk I/O (read/write IOPS)
+  - Disk latency
+  - Disk queue depth
+
+  Thresholds:
+    Utilization Warning: >80%
+    Utilization Critical: >90%
+    Latency Warning: >20ms
+    Latency Critical: >50ms
+
+Network:
+  - Bandwidth utilization (%)
+  - Packets in/out
+  - Errors
+  - Dropped packets
+
+  Thresholds:
+    Bandwidth Warning: >70%
+    Bandwidth Critical: >90%
+```
+
+### Application Metrics
+
+```yaml
+Availability:
+  - Uptime (%)
+  - Error rate (%)
+  - Success rate (%)
+
+  Targets:
+    Uptime: 99.9% (SLA)
+    Error Rate: <1%
+
+Performance:
+  - Response time (p50, p95, p99)
+  - Transactions per second (TPS)
+  - Throughput
+  - Apdex score
+
+  Targets:
+    Response Time p95: <500ms
+    Response Time p99: <1000ms
+    TPS: >1000
+
+Resource Usage:
+  - Connection pool usage
+  - Thread pool usage
+  - Cache hit rate
+  - Queue depth
+
+  Targets:
+    Connection Pool: <80%
+    Cache Hit Rate: >90%
+
+Database:
+  - Query response time
+  - Slow queries
+  - Connection count
+  - Deadlocks
+
+  Targets:
+    Query Time p95: <100ms
+    Slow Queries: <10/hour
+```
+
+### Business Metrics
+
+```yaml
+E-Commerce Example:
+
+Revenue Metrics:
+  - Orders per minute
+  - Revenue per minute
+  - Cart abandonment rate
+  - Conversion rate
+
+User Experience:
+  - Page load time
+  - Time to first byte
+  - Search results time
+  - Checkout time
+
+Operational:
+  - Inventory accuracy
+  - Order fulfillment time
+  - Customer support tickets
+  - Failed payments
+```
+
+## Dashboards
+
+### Executive Dashboard
+
+```yaml
+Executive IT Dashboard:
+
+Service Health:
+  ┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
+  │ Service Status                        │
+  ├──────────────────────────────────────┤
+  │ Email:            ✅ Operational      │
+  │ Customer Portal:  ✅ Operational      │
+  │ VPN:              ✅ Operational      │
+  │ File Shares:      ⚠️ Degraded        │
+  │ ERP System:       ✅ Operational      │
+  └──────────────────────────────────────┘
+
+SLA Compliance (This Month):
+  ┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
+  │ Overall SLA: 99.7% ✅ (Target: 99.5%)│
+  │                                       │
+  │ Email:           99.95% ✅            │
+  │ Portal:          99.80% ✅            │
+  │ VPN:             99.50% ✅            │
+  │ File Shares:     99.40% ⚠️            │
+  └──────────────────────────────────────┘
+
+Incidents:
+  ┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
+  │ Open: 15 (▼ 25% vs last month)       │
+  │ P1: 0                                 │
+  │ P2: 2                                 │
+  │ P3: 8                                 │
+  │ P4: 5                                 │
+  │                                       │
+  │ MTTR: 2.5 hours ✅ (Target: 4 hours) │
+  └──────────────────────────────────────┘
+
+Costs:
+  ┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
+  │ Cloud Spend: $145,000                │
+  │ Trend: ▼ 5% vs budget ✅             │
+  │ Top Costs:                           │
+  │   1. Compute: $65,000 (45%)          │
+  │   2. Storage: $35,000 (24%)          │
+  │   3. Network: $25,000 (17%)          │
+  └──────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+### Operations Dashboard
+
+```yaml
+NOC (Network Operations Center) Dashboard:
+
+Infrastructure Overview:
+  ┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
+  │ Servers: 245 ✅ / 3 ⚠️ / 0 ❌        │
+  │ Network: 45 ✅ / 1 ⚠️ / 0 ❌         │
+  │ Storage: 15 ✅ / 0 ⚠️ / 0 ❌         │
+  │ Applications: 32 ✅ / 1 ⚠️ / 0 ❌    │
+  └──────────────────────────────────────┘
+
+Active Alerts:
+  ┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
+  │ Critical: 0                          │
+  │ Warning: 5                           │
+  │                                       │
+  │ 1. File Server Disk 85% (Warning)    │
+  │ 2. Web01 CPU 75% (Warning)           │
+  │ 3. Network Link Latency 25ms (Warn)  │
+  │ 4. Database Slow Queries (Warning)   │
+  │ 5. Backup Job Delayed (Warning)      │
+  └──────────────────────────────────────┘
+
+Performance:
+  ┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
+  │ Application Response Time (p95)      │
+  │ ████████████░░░░░░░░  485ms ✅       │
+  │ Target: <500ms                       │
+  │                                       │
+  │ Network Latency (avg)                │
+  │ ████░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░  18ms ✅        │
+  │ Target: <50ms                        │
+  │                                       │
+  │ Database Query Time (p95)            │
+  │ ██████░░░░░░░░░░░░░░  85ms ✅        │
+  │ Target: <100ms                       │
+  └──────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+### Application Dashboard
+
+```yaml
+Application Performance Dashboard:
+
+Customer Portal:
+
+Response Time Trend (24 hours):
+  ┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
+  │ p50  ▁▂▃▂▁▂▃▂▁▂▃▂▁▂▃▂▁▂▃▂▁▂▃▂  250ms│
+  │ p95  ▃▅▆▅▃▅▆▅▃▅▆▅▃▅▆▅▃▅▆▅▃▅▆▅  480ms│
+  │ p99  ▆▇█▇▆▇█▇▆▇█▇▆▇█▇▆▇█▇▆▇█▇  920ms│
+  │                                       │
+  │ 00:00    06:00    12:00    18:00    │
+  └──────────────────────────────────────┘
+
+Error Rate (24 hours):
+  ┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
+  │ 2%  █                                 │
+  │ 1%  █  ▆     ▃                        │
+  │ 0%  ▅▃▂▁▂▃▂▁▂▃▂▁▂▃▂▁▂▃▂▁▂▃▂▁▂        │
+  │                                       │
+  │ Current: 0.3% ✅ (Target: <1%)       │
+  └──────────────────────────────────────┘
+
+Top Endpoints:
+  ┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
+  │ Endpoint          | Requests | p95   │
+  ├──────────────────────────────────────┤
+  │ /api/orders       | 15,000   | 320ms │
+  │ /api/products     | 12,500   | 280ms │
+  │ /api/customers    | 8,000    | 450ms │
+  │ /api/search       | 6,000    | 650ms │
+  │ /api/checkout     | 3,500    | 890ms │
+  └──────────────────────────────────────┘
+
+Database Queries:
+  ┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
+  │ Slow Queries (>1s): 12 ⚠️            │
+  │                                       │
+  │ Top Slow Queries:                    │
+  │ 1. SELECT * FROM orders... (2.5s)    │
+  │ 2. JOIN customers... (1.8s)          │
+  │ 3. UPDATE inventory... (1.2s)        │
+  └──────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+## Alerting
+
+### Alert Levels
+
+```yaml
+Alert Severity Levels:
+
+Critical:
+  Description: Service down, immediate action required
+  Examples:
+    - Production database down
+    - Website unreachable
+    - Data loss detected
+  Response: Page on-call, all hands on deck
+  SLA: Response within 15 minutes
+
+Warning:
+  Description: Threshold exceeded, may impact service
+  Examples:
+    - Disk 85% full
+    - CPU 80% for 10 minutes
+    - Backup job delayed
+  Response: Investigate within 1 hour
+  SLA: Acknowledge within 30 minutes
+
+Info:
+  Description: Informational, no action required
+  Examples:
+    - Backup completed successfully
+    - Deployment finished
+    - Certificate renewed
+  Response: Review during business hours
+  SLA: No SLA
+```
+
+### Alert Rules
+
+```yaml
+Server CPU Alert:
+
+Metric: cpu.utilization
+Condition: Average > 80% for 10 minutes
+Severity: Warning
+
+Actions:
+  - Send email to ops-team@company.com
+  - Create Slack notification in #ops-alerts
+  - Create ServiceNow ticket
+
+Escalation:
+  If CPU > 90% for 10 minutes:
+    - Upgrade to Critical
+    - Page on-call engineer
+    - Notify manager
+
+Auto-remediation:
+  If CPU > 95% for 5 minutes:
+    - Scale up (add server instance)
+    - Restart stuck processes (if configured)
+```
+
+### Alert Best Practices
+
+```yaml
+Alert Design:
+
+1. Actionable:
+   ❌ Bad: "Server CPU high"
+   ✅ Good: "Web01 CPU >90% for 15min. Check runaway processes or scale up."
+
+2. Contextual:
+   Include:
+     - Current value
+     - Threshold
+     - Duration
+     - Impact
+     - Runbook link
+
+3. Threshold Tuning:
+   - Start conservative (avoid alert fatigue)
+   - Adjust based on normal patterns
+   - Different thresholds for different times
+   - Use anomaly detection
+
+4. Alert Routing:
+   - Route to responsible team
+   - Escalate if not acknowledged
+   - Different channels per severity
+   - On-call rotation
+
+5. Alert Deduplication:
+   - Group related alerts
+   - Suppress dependent alerts
+   - Cooldown periods
+   - Flapping detection
+```
+
+## Capacity Management
+
+### Capacity Planning Process
+
+```yaml
+Capacity Planning Cycle:
+
+1. Monitor Current Usage (Ongoing):
+   - Track resource utilization
+   - Identify trends
+   - Collect metrics
+
+2. Forecast Future Demand (Quarterly):
+   - Business growth projections
+   - Seasonal variations
+   - New initiatives
+   - Historical trends
+
+3. Analyze Capacity (Quarterly):
+   - Current vs forecasted demand
+   - Time to resource exhaustion
+   - Bottlenecks
+   - Optimization opportunities
+
+4. Plan Capacity Changes (Quarterly):
+   - Procurement requirements
+   - Budget approval
+   - Implementation timeline
+   - Risk mitigation
+
+5. Implement Changes (As needed):
+   - Procure resources
+   - Deploy infrastructure
+   - Validate capacity
+   - Document changes
+
+6. Review and Optimize (Monthly):
+   - Actual vs plan
+   - Cost efficiency
+   - Performance impact
+   - Lessons learned
+```
+
+### Capacity Metrics
+
+```yaml
+Server Capacity:
+
+Current State:
+  Total Servers: 250
+  Average CPU: 45%
+  Average Memory: 60%
+  Average Disk: 55%
+
+Trend (6 months):
+  CPU: ▲ 5% increase
+  Memory: ▲ 8% increase
+  Disk: ▲ 12% increase
+
+Forecast (Next 6 months):
+  Expected CPU: 55% (10% headroom)
+  Expected Memory: 75% (adequate)
+  Expected Disk: 75% (adequate)
+
+Action Required:
+  - None for CPU/Memory
+  - Monitor disk growth
+  - Plan storage expansion in Q2
+
+Storage Capacity:
+
+Current: 500 TB used / 750 TB total (67%)
+Growth Rate: 15 TB/month
+Forecast: 590 TB in 6 months (79%)
+Threshold: 80% (warning)
+
+Action:
+  - Procure additional 250 TB
+  - Timeline: Q2 2025
+  - Budget: $50,000
+
+Network Capacity:
+
+Current: 1 Gbps links
+Peak Usage: 650 Mbps (65%)
+Growth: 5% per quarter
+Forecast: 850 Mbps in 12 months (85%)
+
+Action:
+  - Upgrade to 10 Gbps in Q3
+  - Cost: $25,000
+  - Provides 10x headroom
+```
+
+### Capacity Reporting
+
+```yaml
+Monthly Capacity Report:
+
+Executive Summary:
+  - All systems within capacity targets
+  - Storage requiring expansion in 6 months
+  - Network upgrade planned Q3
+  - No immediate concerns
+
+Current Utilization:
+  Compute: 45% (Low ✅)
+  Memory: 60% (Moderate ✅)
+  Storage: 67% (Moderate ✅)
+  Network: 65% (Moderate ✅)
+
+Trends:
+  - Steady 5% quarterly compute growth
+  - Storage growth accelerating (cleanup needed)
+  - Network stable
+
+Forecasts:
+  Next 6 Months:
+    - Compute: Adequate capacity
+    - Storage: Approaching limit (action required)
+    - Network: Adequate capacity
+
+  Next 12 Months:
+    - Compute: Adequate capacity
+    - Storage: Expansion required
+    - Network: Upgrade recommended
+
+Actions:
+  - Storage procurement initiated
+  - Network upgrade planning started
+  - Cost: $75,000 (approved)
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+### 1. Monitoring Coverage
+
+```yaml
+Ensure Comprehensive Coverage:
+
+Infrastructure:
+  - All production servers
+  - Network devices
+  - Storage systems
+  - Virtualization platforms
+
+Applications:
+  - All critical applications
+  - Key transactions
+  - Dependencies
+  - APIs
+
+Business:
+  - Revenue metrics
+  - User experience
+  - SLA compliance
+  - Customer satisfaction
+```
+
+### 2. Baseline Establishment
+
+```yaml
+Establish Performance Baselines:
+
+Process:
+  1. Collect metrics for 30 days
+  2. Analyze patterns (daily, weekly)
+  3. Calculate normal ranges
+  4. Set thresholds above baseline
+  5. Review quarterly
+
+Example:
+  Metric: Application response time
+  Baseline (p95): 450ms
+  Warning: 600ms (133% of baseline)
+  Critical: 900ms (200% of baseline)
+```
+
+### 3. Alert Fatigue Prevention
+
+```yaml
+Avoid Alert Fatigue:
+
+Strategies:
+  - Tune thresholds (reduce false positives)
+  - Use intelligent alerting (anomaly detection)
+  - Implement alert aggregation
+  - Regular alert review and cleanup
+  - Auto-remediation where possible
+
+Metrics:
+  - Alert volume: <100/day
+  - Alert-to-incident ratio: >50%
+  - False positive rate: <10%
+  - Time to acknowledge: <5 minutes
+```
+
+### 4. Correlation and Root Cause
+
+```yaml
+Use Correlation for RCA:
+
+Approach:
+  - Correlate metrics across layers
+  - Identify cascading failures
+  - Trace requests end-to-end
+  - Link logs to metrics
+  - Use dependency mapping
+
+Example:
+  Symptom: Application slow
+  Correlation:
+    - Application response time ↑
+    - Database query time ↑
+    - Database disk I/O ↑
+    - Storage latency ↑
+  Root Cause: Storage array degraded disk
+```
+
+### 5. Continuous Improvement
+
+```yaml
+Monitoring Improvement Process:
+
+Monthly:
+  - Review alert effectiveness
+  - Tune thresholds
+  - Add missing metrics
+  - Update dashboards
+
+Quarterly:
+  - Capacity planning review
+  - Tool evaluation
+  - Process optimization
+  - Team training
+
+Annually:
+  - Technology refresh
+  - Tool consolidation
+  - Architecture review
+  - Strategy planning
+```
+
+---
+
+**Related Resources:**
+- [incident-service-management.md](incident-service-management.md) - Incident response
+- [business-continuity.md](business-continuity.md) - DR monitoring
+- [automation-orchestration.md](automation-orchestration.md) - Automated remediation