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package/.claude/skills/general-it-engineering/resources/asset-management.md

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+# Asset Management
+
+IT asset tracking, software licensing, hardware lifecycle management, and Configuration Management Database (CMDB) for managing IT assets effectively.
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+- [Asset Management Overview](#asset-management-overview)
+- [Hardware Asset Management](#hardware-asset-management)
+- [Software Asset Management](#software-asset-management)
+- [CMDB (Configuration Management Database)](#cmdb-configuration-management-database)
+- [Asset Lifecycle](#asset-lifecycle)
+- [License Management](#license-management)
+- [Best Practices](#best-practices)
+
+## Asset Management Overview
+
+### Purpose
+
+IT Asset Management (ITAM) provides:
+- Complete inventory of IT assets
+- Cost tracking and optimization
+- License compliance
+- Security and risk management
+- Lifecycle planning
+- Financial planning
+
+### Asset Categories
+
+```
+IT Assets
+├── Hardware
+│   ├── End-User Devices (laptops, desktops, phones)
+│   ├── Servers (physical, virtual)
+│   ├── Network Devices (routers, switches, firewalls)
+│   ├── Storage (SAN, NAS, backup)
+│   └── Peripherals (printers, monitors, accessories)
+│
+├── Software
+│   ├── Operating Systems
+│   ├── Applications (licensed, SaaS)
+│   ├── Development Tools
+│   └── Utilities
+│
+├── Cloud Services
+│   ├── IaaS (EC2, VMs)
+│   ├── PaaS (databases, platforms)
+│   └── SaaS (applications)
+│
+└── Digital Assets
+    ├── Certificates
+    ├── Domains
+    ├── IP Addresses
+    └── Data
+```
+
+## Hardware Asset Management
+
+### Hardware Asset Tracking
+
+```yaml
+Asset Record: LAPTOP-12345
+
+Basic Information:
+  Asset Tag: LAPTOP-12345
+  Serial Number: ABC123XYZ789
+  Manufacturer: Dell
+  Model: Latitude 5520
+  Type: Laptop
+
+Financial:
+  Purchase Date: 2024-01-15
+  Purchase Cost: $1,200
+  Supplier: Dell Direct
+  PO Number: PO-2024-001
+  Depreciation: 3 years (straight-line)
+  Current Value: $800 (8 months old)
+  Warranty Expiry: 2027-01-15
+
+Technical:
+  CPU: Intel i7-11th Gen
+  RAM: 16GB DDR4
+  Storage: 512GB NVMe SSD
+  OS: Windows 11 Pro
+  Hostname: LAPTOP-JDOE
+
+Assignment:
+  Status: Deployed
+  Assigned To: John Doe (john.doe@company.com)
+  Department: Sales
+  Location: Building A, Floor 3
+  Assignment Date: 2024-01-20
+
+Lifecycle:
+  Stage: In Use
+  Next Review: 2026-01-15 (2 year mark)
+  Expected Refresh: 2027-01-15 (3 years)
+  Disposal Date: TBD
+
+Maintenance History:
+  - 2024-06-10: Battery replaced
+  - 2024-08-15: RAM upgraded from 8GB to 16GB
+
+Compliance:
+  - Security encryption: Enabled (BitLocker)
+  - Antivirus: Installed and current
+  - Patch level: Up to date
+  - MDM enrolled: Yes
+```
+
+### Hardware Inventory Methods
+
+**1. Manual Tracking:**
+```yaml
+Pros:
+  - Low cost
+  - Simple to start
+  - Works for small organizations
+
+Cons:
+  - Time-consuming
+  - Error-prone
+  - Difficult to scale
+  - Stale data
+
+Best for: <50 assets
+```
+
+**2. Barcode/RFID Scanning:**
+```yaml
+Pros:
+  - Quick data capture
+  - Reduces errors
+  - Supports physical audits
+
+Cons:
+  - Requires scanning hardware
+  - Manual process
+  - Doesn't capture software
+
+Best for: 50-500 assets
+```
+
+**3. Automated Discovery:**
+```yaml
+Tools:
+  - Microsoft SCCM/Intune
+  - ServiceNow Discovery
+  - Lansweeper
+  - Snipe-IT
+
+Pros:
+  - Automatic updates
+  - Software inventory included
+  - Real-time data
+  - Minimal manual work
+
+Cons:
+  - Requires network access
+  - Initial setup complexity
+  - May miss offline devices
+
+Best for: 500+ assets, distributed environments
+```
+
+### Hardware Procurement Process
+
+```
+Need Identified
+     ↓
+Request Submitted (ServiceNow/Portal)
+     ↓
+Manager Approval
+     ↓
+Budget Verification
+     ↓
+Vendor Selection
+     ↓
+Purchase Order Created
+     ↓
+Asset Received
+     ↓
+Asset Tagged and Recorded in CMDB
+     ↓
+Configuration/Setup
+     ↓
+Deployed to User
+     ↓
+Asset Record Updated (assignment, location)
+```
+
+## Software Asset Management
+
+### Software Inventory
+
+```yaml
+Software Asset: Microsoft Office 365 E3
+
+Product Information:
+  Vendor: Microsoft
+  Product: Office 365 E3
+  Version: Current (cloud-based)
+  Category: Productivity Suite
+
+Licensing:
+  License Type: Subscription (per user/month)
+  Agreement: Enterprise Agreement
+  Agreement Number: EA-123456
+  Purchased Licenses: 1,000
+  Deployed Licenses: 850
+  Available: 150
+  Cost per License: $20/user/month
+  Annual Cost: $240,000
+
+Contract:
+  Start Date: 2024-01-01
+  End Date: 2026-12-31
+  Term: 3 years
+  Renewal Date: 2026-10-01 (notify 90 days prior)
+  Auto-Renewal: No
+
+Usage Tracking:
+  Assigned Users: 850
+  Active Users (last 30 days): 780
+  Inactive Users: 70 (candidates for license reclaim)
+  Peak Usage: 810
+
+Compliance:
+  Status: Compliant ✅
+  Last Audit: 2024-10-01
+  Next Audit: 2025-04-01
+  License Shortfall: 0
+  License Waste: 70 (inactive users)
+```
+
+### Software License Types
+
+**1. Per-User/Per-Device:**
+```
+Examples: Microsoft Office, Adobe Creative Cloud
+Pricing: Fixed per user or device
+Compliance: Track assignments vs licenses purchased
+```
+
+**2. Concurrent/Floating:**
+```
+Examples: Engineering software, CAD tools
+Pricing: Based on simultaneous users
+Compliance: Monitor license server for peak usage
+```
+
+**3. Subscription (SaaS):**
+```
+Examples: Salesforce, Slack, Google Workspace
+Pricing: Per user/month
+Compliance: Track active users, remove inactive
+```
+
+**4. Enterprise Agreement:**
+```
+Examples: Microsoft EA, Oracle ULA
+Pricing: Negotiated bulk pricing
+Compliance: Regular true-ups, usage reporting
+```
+
+**5. Open Source:**
+```
+Examples: Linux, Apache, PostgreSQL
+Pricing: Free (may have support costs)
+Compliance: License terms vary (GPL, MIT, Apache)
+```
+
+### Software Compliance
+
+**License Compliance Checks:**
+```yaml
+Quarterly Compliance Review:
+
+1. Inventory Installed Software:
+   Tool: SCCM/Lansweeper scan
+   Compare: Installed vs purchased licenses
+
+2. Identify Gaps:
+   - Unlicensed software (remove or purchase)
+   - Over-licensed software (reclaim or reduce)
+   - Expired licenses (renew or remove)
+
+3. Vendor Audits:
+   - Microsoft SAM engagement
+   - Oracle LMS audit
+   - Adobe compliance check
+
+4. Corrective Actions:
+   - Purchase additional licenses
+   - Uninstall unauthorized software
+   - Reclaim unused licenses
+   - Update contracts
+
+5. Documentation:
+   - Compliance report
+   - Purchase orders
+   - License certificates
+   - Audit responses
+```
+
+## CMDB (Configuration Management Database)
+
+### CMDB Purpose
+
+The CMDB provides:
+- Single source of truth for IT configuration
+- Relationships between configuration items (CIs)
+- Impact analysis for changes
+- Service dependencies
+- Asset inventory
+
+### Configuration Items (CIs)
+
+```yaml
+CI Types:
+
+Hardware:
+  - Servers
+  - Network devices
+  - End-user devices
+  - Storage arrays
+
+Software:
+  - Applications
+  - Databases
+  - Middleware
+  - Operating systems
+
+Services:
+  - Business services
+  - Technical services
+  - Cloud services
+
+People:
+  - IT staff
+  - Vendors
+  - Service providers
+
+Documentation:
+  - Runbooks
+  - Architecture diagrams
+  - Contracts
+```
+
+### CI Relationships
+
+```
+Business Service: Customer Portal
+    │
+    ├─── Uses ───> Application: Web Application
+    │                  │
+    │                  ├─── Runs On ───> Server: WEB-01
+    │                  │                    │
+    │                  │                    └─── Hosted In ───> Data Center: DC1
+    │                  │
+    │                  └─── Depends On ───> Application: API Service
+    │                                          │
+    │                                          └─── Uses ───> Database: PROD-DB
+    │
+    ├─── Uses ───> Service: CDN
+    │
+    └─── Supports ───> Business Process: Online Sales
+```
+
+### CMDB Example Record
+
+```yaml
+CI: WEB-01
+
+Type: Physical Server
+Class: Production
+Environment: Production
+
+Identification:
+  CI ID: CI-12345
+  Asset Tag: SRV-WEB-01
+  Serial: VMW-ABC-123
+  Hostname: web01.company.com
+
+Technical:
+  OS: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
+  CPU: 8 cores
+  RAM: 32 GB
+  Storage: 500 GB SSD
+
+Network:
+  IP Address: 10.0.1.10
+  MAC: 00:50:56:9A:12:34
+  VLAN: VLAN-100-Web
+  Subnet: 10.0.1.0/24
+
+Relationships:
+  Runs Applications:
+    - Customer Portal (app-portal-01)
+    - Admin Dashboard (app-admin-01)
+
+  Depends On:
+    - Load Balancer (lb-01)
+    - Database Server (db-01)
+    - Active Directory (ad-01)
+
+  Hosted In:
+    - Data Center: DC1
+    - Rack: R-15
+    - U Position: U20-U22
+
+Ownership:
+  Technical Owner: Infrastructure Team
+  Business Owner: E-commerce Manager
+  Cost Center: 12345
+
+Lifecycle:
+  Status: In Production
+  Deployed: 2023-01-15
+  Next Review: 2025-01-15
+  Retirement Date: 2026-01-15
+
+Compliance:
+  - PCI DSS: Yes
+  - Encryption: Disk encrypted
+  - Patching: Current
+  - Backup: Daily
+```
+
+### CMDB Maintenance
+
+**Keep CMDB Accurate:**
+```yaml
+Automated Updates:
+  - Discovery tools (daily scans)
+  - Integration with provisioning systems
+  - Change management updates
+  - Monitoring tool integration
+
+Manual Updates:
+  - Quarterly reviews
+  - Annual audits
+  - Change implementation updates
+  - Decommissioning records
+
+Reconciliation:
+  - Compare discovery vs CMDB
+  - Identify discrepancies
+  - Update or create CIs
+  - Archive decommissioned CIs
+```
+
+## Asset Lifecycle
+
+### Hardware Lifecycle Stages
+
+```
+┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│ 1. Planning                            │
+│    - Identify need                     │
+│    - Budget approval                   │
+│    - Vendor selection                  │
+└─────────┬──────────────────────────────┘
+          ↓
+┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│ 2. Procurement                         │
+│    - Purchase order                    │
+│    - Delivery                          │
+│    - Asset tag assignment              │
+└─────────┬──────────────────────────────┘
+          ↓
+┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│ 3. Deployment                          │
+│    - Configuration                     │
+│    - Installation                      │
+│    - User assignment                   │
+│    - CMDB update                       │
+└─────────┬──────────────────────────────┘
+          ↓
+┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│ 4. Operations & Maintenance            │
+│    - Monitoring                        │
+│    - Support                           │
+│    - Updates                           │
+│    - Repairs                           │
+│    Duration: 2-5 years typically       │
+└─────────┬──────────────────────────────┘
+          ↓
+┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│ 5. Refresh/Upgrade Decision            │
+│    - Performance review                │
+│    - Cost analysis                     │
+│    - Technology assessment             │
+└─────────┬──────────────────────────────┘
+          ↓
+┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│ 6. Retirement                          │
+│    - Data sanitization                 │
+│    - Decommissioning                   │
+│    - Asset disposal                    │
+│    - CMDB update (retired)             │
+└────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+### Refresh Cycles
+
+```yaml
+Typical Refresh Schedules:
+
+End-User Devices:
+  Laptops: 3 years
+  Desktops: 4 years
+  Phones: 2 years
+  Monitors: 5 years
+
+Servers:
+  Physical servers: 5 years
+  Storage arrays: 5 years
+  Network switches: 7 years
+
+Reasons:
+  - Warranty expiration
+  - Performance degradation
+  - Technology obsolescence
+  - Lease end
+  - Security requirements
+```
+
+### Asset Disposal
+
+**Secure Disposal Process:**
+```yaml
+1. Data Sanitization:
+   Laptops/Desktops:
+     - Boot to DBAN (Darik's Boot and Nuke)
+     - DoD 5220.22-M wipe (7-pass)
+     - Certificate of destruction
+
+   Servers:
+     - Remove all drives
+     - Dedicated drive shredding
+     - Physical destruction
+
+   Mobile Devices:
+     - Factory reset
+     - MDM wipe
+     - Remove SIM/SD cards
+
+2. Physical Disposal:
+   Options:
+     - Trade-in (refurbished resale)
+     - E-waste recycling (certified vendor)
+     - Donation (after sanitization)
+     - Physical destruction (high-security)
+
+3. Documentation:
+   - Certificate of data destruction
+   - Disposal receipt
+   - CMDB update (status: Disposed)
+   - Asset record retention (7 years for audit)
+
+4. Environmental Compliance:
+   - WEEE Directive (EU)
+   - EPA regulations (US)
+   - R2 Certified recycler
+```
+
+## License Management
+
+### License Optimization
+
+**Reduce License Costs:**
+```yaml
+Strategies:
+
+1. Identify Inactive Users:
+   Query:
+     SELECT user, last_login
+     FROM software_usage
+     WHERE product = 'Adobe Creative Cloud'
+     AND last_login < DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 90 DAY)
+
+   Action: Reclaim 70 unused licenses
+   Savings: 70 × $55/month = $3,850/month
+
+2. Right-Size License Types:
+   Example:
+     - 50 users have Office E5 ($35/month)
+     - Only use features in E3 ($20/month)
+   Action: Downgrade to E3
+   Savings: 50 × $15/month = $750/month
+
+3. Consolidate Vendors:
+   Example:
+     - 3 different communication tools
+     - Standardize on one platform
+   Action: Eliminate redundant tools
+   Savings: $10,000/year
+
+4. Negotiate Enterprise Agreements:
+   - Volume discounts
+   - Multi-year commitments
+   - Bundle purchasing
+```
+
+### Software Audit Preparation
+
+```yaml
+Vendor Audit Process:
+
+1. Notification:
+   - Vendor requests audit (30-90 days notice)
+   - Identify audit scope
+
+2. Preparation:
+   - Run discovery tools
+   - Compile license agreements
+   - Document deployments
+   - Calculate license position
+
+3. Gap Analysis:
+   - Compare deployed vs licensed
+   - Identify shortfalls
+   - Calculate potential costs
+
+4. Remediation (if needed):
+   - Purchase additional licenses
+   - Uninstall excess software
+   - Negotiate settlement
+
+5. Audit Response:
+   - Submit documentation
+   - Provide deployment data
+   - Answer vendor questions
+
+6. Post-Audit:
+   - Implement SAM process
+   - Regular compliance checks
+   - Improve tracking
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+### 1. Automate Discovery
+
+Use automated tools to maintain accurate inventory.
+
+### 2. Standardize Asset Tagging
+
+```yaml
+Asset Tag Format: [TYPE]-[LOCATION]-[SEQUENCE]
+
+Examples:
+  LAPTOP-NYC-00123
+  SRV-DC1-00045
+  NET-LON-00067
+
+Benefits:
+  - Easy to identify asset type
+  - Know location at a glance
+  - Unique identifier
+```
+
+### 3. Regular Audits
+
+```yaml
+Audit Schedule:
+  - Physical inventory: Annually
+  - Software compliance: Quarterly
+  - CMDB reconciliation: Monthly
+  - High-value assets: Semi-annually
+```
+
+### 4. Lifecycle Planning
+
+Budget for refresh cycles to avoid surprise costs.
+
+### 5. Integration
+
+Integrate ITAM with:
+- Service desk (for requests and incidents)
+- Procurement (for new assets)
+- Financial systems (for depreciation)
+- CMDB (for relationships)
+- Change management (for updates)
+
+### 6. Metrics and Reporting
+
+```yaml
+Key Metrics:
+
+Financial:
+  - Total asset value
+  - Depreciation expense
+  - License compliance cost avoidance
+
+Operational:
+  - Asset utilization rate
+  - Average asset age
+  - Refresh cycle adherence
+
+Compliance:
+  - Software compliance %
+  - Audit findings (count)
+  - Unlicensed software instances
+```
+
+---
+
+**Related Resources:**
+- [itil-framework.md](itil-framework.md) - IT asset management practice
+- [service-management.md](service-management.md) - Service catalog integration
+- [it-governance.md](it-governance.md) - Asset management policies