aigroup-workflow 2.2.0 → 2.2.2

package/skills/infra/terraform-engineer/references/state-management.md

@@ -1,371 +1,371 @@
-# Terraform State Management
-
-## Remote Backend - S3 (AWS)
-
-**Backend Configuration**
-```hcl
-# backend.tf
-terraform {
-  backend "s3" {
-    bucket         = "my-terraform-state"
-    key            = "production/vpc/terraform.tfstate"
-    region         = "us-east-1"
-    encrypt        = true
-    dynamodb_table = "terraform-state-lock"
-
-    # Optional: Enable versioning for state file history
-    versioning = true
-  }
-}
-```
-
-**S3 Bucket Setup**
-```hcl
-# State bucket with versioning and encryption
-resource "aws_s3_bucket" "terraform_state" {
-  bucket = "my-terraform-state"
-
-  lifecycle {
-    prevent_destroy = true
-  }
-
-  tags = {
-    Name        = "Terraform State"
-    Environment = "global"
-  }
-}
-
-resource "aws_s3_bucket_versioning" "terraform_state" {
-  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.terraform_state.id
-
-  versioning_configuration {
-    status = "Enabled"
-  }
-}
-
-resource "aws_s3_bucket_server_side_encryption_configuration" "terraform_state" {
-  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.terraform_state.id
-
-  rule {
-    apply_server_side_encryption_by_default {
-      sse_algorithm = "AES256"
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-resource "aws_s3_bucket_public_access_block" "terraform_state" {
-  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.terraform_state.id
-
-  block_public_acls       = true
-  block_public_policy     = true
-  ignore_public_acls      = true
-  restrict_public_buckets = true
-}
-
-# DynamoDB table for state locking
-resource "aws_dynamodb_table" "terraform_lock" {
-  name           = "terraform-state-lock"
-  billing_mode   = "PAY_PER_REQUEST"
-  hash_key       = "LockID"
-
-  attribute {
-    name = "LockID"
-    type = "S"
-  }
-
-  tags = {
-    Name        = "Terraform State Lock"
-    Environment = "global"
-  }
-}
-```
-
-## Remote Backend - Azure Blob
-
-```hcl
-terraform {
-  backend "azurerm" {
-    resource_group_name  = "terraform-state-rg"
-    storage_account_name = "tfstatestorage"
-    container_name       = "tfstate"
-    key                  = "production.terraform.tfstate"
-
-    # State locking is automatic with Azure Blob
-    use_azuread_auth = true
-  }
-}
-```
-
-**Azure Storage Setup**
-```hcl
-resource "azurerm_resource_group" "terraform_state" {
-  name     = "terraform-state-rg"
-  location = "East US"
-}
-
-resource "azurerm_storage_account" "terraform_state" {
-  name                     = "tfstatestorage"
-  resource_group_name      = azurerm_resource_group.terraform_state.name
-  location                 = azurerm_resource_group.terraform_state.location
-  account_tier             = "Standard"
-  account_replication_type = "GRS"
-
-  enable_https_traffic_only = true
-  min_tls_version          = "TLS1_2"
-
-  blob_properties {
-    versioning_enabled = true
-  }
-
-  tags = {
-    environment = "global"
-    purpose     = "terraform-state"
-  }
-}
-
-resource "azurerm_storage_container" "terraform_state" {
-  name                  = "tfstate"
-  storage_account_name  = azurerm_storage_account.terraform_state.name
-  container_access_type = "private"
-}
-```
-
-## Remote Backend - GCS (GCP)
-
-```hcl
-terraform {
-  backend "gcs" {
-    bucket = "my-terraform-state"
-    prefix = "production/vpc"
-
-    # State locking is automatic with GCS
-  }
-}
-```
-
-## Workspaces
-
-**Using Workspaces**
-```bash
-# List workspaces
-terraform workspace list
-
-# Create new workspace
-terraform workspace new staging
-
-# Switch workspace
-terraform workspace select production
-
-# Show current workspace
-terraform workspace show
-
-# Delete workspace
-terraform workspace delete dev
-```
-
-**Workspace-Aware Configuration**
-```hcl
-locals {
-  environment = terraform.workspace
-
-  # Environment-specific configuration
-  vpc_cidr = {
-    production = "10.0.0.0/16"
-    staging    = "10.1.0.0/16"
-    dev        = "10.2.0.0/16"
-  }
-
-  instance_count = {
-    production = 5
-    staging    = 2
-    dev        = 1
-  }
-}
-
-resource "aws_vpc" "main" {
-  cidr_block = local.vpc_cidr[local.environment]
-
-  tags = {
-    Name        = "${local.environment}-vpc"
-    Environment = local.environment
-  }
-}
-
-resource "aws_instance" "app" {
-  count = local.instance_count[local.environment]
-
-  ami           = var.ami_id
-  instance_type = "t3.micro"
-
-  tags = {
-    Name        = "${local.environment}-app-${count.index + 1}"
-    Environment = local.environment
-  }
-}
-```
-
-## Partial Backend Configuration
-
-**Backend template**
-```hcl
-# backend.tf
-terraform {
-  backend "s3" {
-    # Configuration provided via backend config file or CLI
-  }
-}
-```
-
-**Environment-specific backend configs**
-```hcl
-# config/backend-prod.hcl
-bucket         = "terraform-state-prod"
-key            = "vpc/terraform.tfstate"
-region         = "us-east-1"
-encrypt        = true
-dynamodb_table = "terraform-lock-prod"
-```
-
-```bash
-# Initialize with backend config
-terraform init -backend-config=config/backend-prod.hcl
-```
-
-## State Operations
-
-**Import Existing Resources**
-```bash
-# Import AWS VPC
-terraform import aws_vpc.main vpc-12345678
-
-# Import with module
-terraform import module.network.aws_vpc.main vpc-12345678
-```
-
-**State Manipulation**
-```bash
-# List resources in state
-terraform state list
-
-# Show resource details
-terraform state show aws_vpc.main
-
-# Move resource in state
-terraform state mv aws_instance.old aws_instance.new
-
-# Remove resource from state (doesn't destroy)
-terraform state rm aws_instance.example
-
-# Pull remote state to local file
-terraform state pull > terraform.tfstate.backup
-
-# Push local state to remote
-terraform state push terraform.tfstate
-```
-
-**State Migration**
-```bash
-# Migrate from local to remote backend
-terraform init -migrate-state
-
-# Change backend configuration
-terraform init -reconfigure
-
-# Copy state to new backend
-terraform init -backend-config=new-backend.hcl -migrate-state
-```
-
-## State Locking
-
-**Manual Lock Management**
-```bash
-# Force unlock if lock is stuck (use carefully!)
-terraform force-unlock LOCK_ID
-
-# Example: terraform force-unlock a1b2c3d4-e5f6-7890-abcd-ef1234567890
-```
-
-**Prevent Concurrent Modifications**
-```hcl
-# State locking happens automatically with supported backends
-# DynamoDB for S3, automatic for Azure Blob and GCS
-
-# Disable locking for specific operations (not recommended)
-terraform apply -lock=false  # DON'T DO THIS IN PRODUCTION
-```
-
-## State File Security
-
-**Encryption at Rest**
-```hcl
-# S3 bucket encryption
-resource "aws_s3_bucket_server_side_encryption_configuration" "state" {
-  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.terraform_state.id
-
-  rule {
-    apply_server_side_encryption_by_default {
-      sse_algorithm     = "aws:kms"
-      kms_master_key_id = aws_kms_key.terraform.arn
-    }
-    bucket_key_enabled = true
-  }
-}
-```
-
-**Access Control**
-```hcl
-# S3 bucket policy - restrict access
-resource "aws_s3_bucket_policy" "terraform_state" {
-  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.terraform_state.id
-
-  policy = jsonencode({
-    Version = "2012-10-17"
-    Statement = [
-      {
-        Sid    = "RequireEncryptedTransport"
-        Effect = "Deny"
-        Principal = "*"
-        Action = "s3:*"
-        Resource = [
-          aws_s3_bucket.terraform_state.arn,
-          "${aws_s3_bucket.terraform_state.arn}/*"
-        ]
-        Condition = {
-          Bool = {
-            "aws:SecureTransport" = "false"
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    ]
-  })
-}
-```
-
-## State File Organization
-
-```
-# Recommended structure for multiple environments
-terraform-state-bucket/
-├── production/
-│   ├── vpc/terraform.tfstate
-│   ├── eks/terraform.tfstate
-│   └── rds/terraform.tfstate
-├── staging/
-│   ├── vpc/terraform.tfstate
-│   └── eks/terraform.tfstate
-└── dev/
-    └── vpc/terraform.tfstate
-```
-
-## Best Practices
-
-- Always use remote state for teams
-- Enable state locking to prevent conflicts
-- Encrypt state files at rest and in transit
-- Enable versioning for state file history
-- Use separate state files per environment
-- Restrict access to state buckets
-- Back up state files regularly
-- Never commit state files to git
-- Use workspaces for similar environments only
-- Document state migration procedures
+# Terraform State Management
+
+## Remote Backend - S3 (AWS)
+
+**Backend Configuration**
+```hcl
+# backend.tf
+terraform {
+  backend "s3" {
+    bucket         = "my-terraform-state"
+    key            = "production/vpc/terraform.tfstate"
+    region         = "us-east-1"
+    encrypt        = true
+    dynamodb_table = "terraform-state-lock"
+
+    # Optional: Enable versioning for state file history
+    versioning = true
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**S3 Bucket Setup**
+```hcl
+# State bucket with versioning and encryption
+resource "aws_s3_bucket" "terraform_state" {
+  bucket = "my-terraform-state"
+
+  lifecycle {
+    prevent_destroy = true
+  }
+
+  tags = {
+    Name        = "Terraform State"
+    Environment = "global"
+  }
+}
+
+resource "aws_s3_bucket_versioning" "terraform_state" {
+  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.terraform_state.id
+
+  versioning_configuration {
+    status = "Enabled"
+  }
+}
+
+resource "aws_s3_bucket_server_side_encryption_configuration" "terraform_state" {
+  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.terraform_state.id
+
+  rule {
+    apply_server_side_encryption_by_default {
+      sse_algorithm = "AES256"
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+resource "aws_s3_bucket_public_access_block" "terraform_state" {
+  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.terraform_state.id
+
+  block_public_acls       = true
+  block_public_policy     = true
+  ignore_public_acls      = true
+  restrict_public_buckets = true
+}
+
+# DynamoDB table for state locking
+resource "aws_dynamodb_table" "terraform_lock" {
+  name           = "terraform-state-lock"
+  billing_mode   = "PAY_PER_REQUEST"
+  hash_key       = "LockID"
+
+  attribute {
+    name = "LockID"
+    type = "S"
+  }
+
+  tags = {
+    Name        = "Terraform State Lock"
+    Environment = "global"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Remote Backend - Azure Blob
+
+```hcl
+terraform {
+  backend "azurerm" {
+    resource_group_name  = "terraform-state-rg"
+    storage_account_name = "tfstatestorage"
+    container_name       = "tfstate"
+    key                  = "production.terraform.tfstate"
+
+    # State locking is automatic with Azure Blob
+    use_azuread_auth = true
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**Azure Storage Setup**
+```hcl
+resource "azurerm_resource_group" "terraform_state" {
+  name     = "terraform-state-rg"
+  location = "East US"
+}
+
+resource "azurerm_storage_account" "terraform_state" {
+  name                     = "tfstatestorage"
+  resource_group_name      = azurerm_resource_group.terraform_state.name
+  location                 = azurerm_resource_group.terraform_state.location
+  account_tier             = "Standard"
+  account_replication_type = "GRS"
+
+  enable_https_traffic_only = true
+  min_tls_version          = "TLS1_2"
+
+  blob_properties {
+    versioning_enabled = true
+  }
+
+  tags = {
+    environment = "global"
+    purpose     = "terraform-state"
+  }
+}
+
+resource "azurerm_storage_container" "terraform_state" {
+  name                  = "tfstate"
+  storage_account_name  = azurerm_storage_account.terraform_state.name
+  container_access_type = "private"
+}
+```
+
+## Remote Backend - GCS (GCP)
+
+```hcl
+terraform {
+  backend "gcs" {
+    bucket = "my-terraform-state"
+    prefix = "production/vpc"
+
+    # State locking is automatic with GCS
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Workspaces
+
+**Using Workspaces**
+```bash
+# List workspaces
+terraform workspace list
+
+# Create new workspace
+terraform workspace new staging
+
+# Switch workspace
+terraform workspace select production
+
+# Show current workspace
+terraform workspace show
+
+# Delete workspace
+terraform workspace delete dev
+```
+
+**Workspace-Aware Configuration**
+```hcl
+locals {
+  environment = terraform.workspace
+
+  # Environment-specific configuration
+  vpc_cidr = {
+    production = "10.0.0.0/16"
+    staging    = "10.1.0.0/16"
+    dev        = "10.2.0.0/16"
+  }
+
+  instance_count = {
+    production = 5
+    staging    = 2
+    dev        = 1
+  }
+}
+
+resource "aws_vpc" "main" {
+  cidr_block = local.vpc_cidr[local.environment]
+
+  tags = {
+    Name        = "${local.environment}-vpc"
+    Environment = local.environment
+  }
+}
+
+resource "aws_instance" "app" {
+  count = local.instance_count[local.environment]
+
+  ami           = var.ami_id
+  instance_type = "t3.micro"
+
+  tags = {
+    Name        = "${local.environment}-app-${count.index + 1}"
+    Environment = local.environment
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Partial Backend Configuration
+
+**Backend template**
+```hcl
+# backend.tf
+terraform {
+  backend "s3" {
+    # Configuration provided via backend config file or CLI
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**Environment-specific backend configs**
+```hcl
+# config/backend-prod.hcl
+bucket         = "terraform-state-prod"
+key            = "vpc/terraform.tfstate"
+region         = "us-east-1"
+encrypt        = true
+dynamodb_table = "terraform-lock-prod"
+```
+
+```bash
+# Initialize with backend config
+terraform init -backend-config=config/backend-prod.hcl
+```
+
+## State Operations
+
+**Import Existing Resources**
+```bash
+# Import AWS VPC
+terraform import aws_vpc.main vpc-12345678
+
+# Import with module
+terraform import module.network.aws_vpc.main vpc-12345678
+```
+
+**State Manipulation**
+```bash
+# List resources in state
+terraform state list
+
+# Show resource details
+terraform state show aws_vpc.main
+
+# Move resource in state
+terraform state mv aws_instance.old aws_instance.new
+
+# Remove resource from state (doesn't destroy)
+terraform state rm aws_instance.example
+
+# Pull remote state to local file
+terraform state pull > terraform.tfstate.backup
+
+# Push local state to remote
+terraform state push terraform.tfstate
+```
+
+**State Migration**
+```bash
+# Migrate from local to remote backend
+terraform init -migrate-state
+
+# Change backend configuration
+terraform init -reconfigure
+
+# Copy state to new backend
+terraform init -backend-config=new-backend.hcl -migrate-state
+```
+
+## State Locking
+
+**Manual Lock Management**
+```bash
+# Force unlock if lock is stuck (use carefully!)
+terraform force-unlock LOCK_ID
+
+# Example: terraform force-unlock a1b2c3d4-e5f6-7890-abcd-ef1234567890
+```
+
+**Prevent Concurrent Modifications**
+```hcl
+# State locking happens automatically with supported backends
+# DynamoDB for S3, automatic for Azure Blob and GCS
+
+# Disable locking for specific operations (not recommended)
+terraform apply -lock=false  # DON'T DO THIS IN PRODUCTION
+```
+
+## State File Security
+
+**Encryption at Rest**
+```hcl
+# S3 bucket encryption
+resource "aws_s3_bucket_server_side_encryption_configuration" "state" {
+  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.terraform_state.id
+
+  rule {
+    apply_server_side_encryption_by_default {
+      sse_algorithm     = "aws:kms"
+      kms_master_key_id = aws_kms_key.terraform.arn
+    }
+    bucket_key_enabled = true
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**Access Control**
+```hcl
+# S3 bucket policy - restrict access
+resource "aws_s3_bucket_policy" "terraform_state" {
+  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.terraform_state.id
+
+  policy = jsonencode({
+    Version = "2012-10-17"
+    Statement = [
+      {
+        Sid    = "RequireEncryptedTransport"
+        Effect = "Deny"
+        Principal = "*"
+        Action = "s3:*"
+        Resource = [
+          aws_s3_bucket.terraform_state.arn,
+          "${aws_s3_bucket.terraform_state.arn}/*"
+        ]
+        Condition = {
+          Bool = {
+            "aws:SecureTransport" = "false"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  })
+}
+```
+
+## State File Organization
+
+```
+# Recommended structure for multiple environments
+terraform-state-bucket/
+├── production/
+│   ├── vpc/terraform.tfstate
+│   ├── eks/terraform.tfstate
+│   └── rds/terraform.tfstate
+├── staging/
+│   ├── vpc/terraform.tfstate
+│   └── eks/terraform.tfstate
+└── dev/
+    └── vpc/terraform.tfstate
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+- Always use remote state for teams
+- Enable state locking to prevent conflicts
+- Encrypt state files at rest and in transit
+- Enable versioning for state file history
+- Use separate state files per environment
+- Restrict access to state buckets
+- Back up state files regularly
+- Never commit state files to git
+- Use workspaces for similar environments only
+- Document state migration procedures