@syllst/ka 0.3.7 → 0.3.8
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- package/dist/index.d.ts +7 -80
- package/dist/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/index.js +43 -44
- package/dist/index.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/index.umd.cjs +49 -0
- package/dist/index.umd.cjs.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.d.ts +2 -5
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.d.ts +2 -5
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.d.ts +2 -5
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/grammar/index.d.ts +2 -5
- package/dist/syllabi/grammar/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.d.ts +2 -5
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/reading/index.d.ts +2 -5
- package/dist/syllabi/reading/index.d.ts.map +1 -0
- package/package.json +5 -2
- package/dist/index-B9OHu0Ax.js +0 -52
- package/dist/index-B9OHu0Ax.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/index-D7wYzNIf.js +0 -56
- package/dist/index-D7wYzNIf.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/index-DCpqhby8.js +0 -52
- package/dist/index-DCpqhby8.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/index-DflZY235.js +0 -52
- package/dist/index-DflZY235.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/index-Dp1OEIeC.js +0 -48
- package/dist/index-Dp1OEIeC.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/index-Dx8CaIyS.js +0 -42
- package/dist/index-Dx8CaIyS.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-01-CSwZqadZ.js +0 -193
- package/dist/lesson-01-CSwZqadZ.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-01-CXuaNjfX.js +0 -196
- package/dist/lesson-01-CXuaNjfX.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-01-CjeVy1Pm.js +0 -148
- package/dist/lesson-01-CjeVy1Pm.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-01-Cjq5zM3G.js +0 -169
- package/dist/lesson-01-Cjq5zM3G.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-01-Dln4m4gy.js +0 -185
- package/dist/lesson-01-Dln4m4gy.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-01-Dx39ahX1.js +0 -191
- package/dist/lesson-01-Dx39ahX1.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-02-BTmLITxi.js +0 -193
- package/dist/lesson-02-BTmLITxi.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-02-CKmyOzkz.js +0 -189
- package/dist/lesson-02-CKmyOzkz.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-02-CW2iIZWk.js +0 -242
- package/dist/lesson-02-CW2iIZWk.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-02-CjWc8Ndm.js +0 -159
- package/dist/lesson-02-CjWc8Ndm.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-02-D6EZkoTX.js +0 -186
- package/dist/lesson-02-D6EZkoTX.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-02-DEX5_pni.js +0 -184
- package/dist/lesson-02-DEX5_pni.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-03-Cc9VcHwa.js +0 -310
- package/dist/lesson-03-Cc9VcHwa.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-03-D-UB6j-3.js +0 -155
- package/dist/lesson-03-D-UB6j-3.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-03-D4MQ-BF0.js +0 -197
- package/dist/lesson-03-D4MQ-BF0.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-03-DIsrN1SX.js +0 -192
- package/dist/lesson-03-DIsrN1SX.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-03-DORvGZm9.js +0 -186
- package/dist/lesson-03-DORvGZm9.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-03-i2GGdsRN.js +0 -181
- package/dist/lesson-03-i2GGdsRN.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-04-BG5oG78h.js +0 -191
- package/dist/lesson-04-BG5oG78h.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-04-D2tqk_vu.js +0 -166
- package/dist/lesson-04-D2tqk_vu.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-04-D3NM9z0Z.js +0 -220
- package/dist/lesson-04-D3NM9z0Z.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-04-DciNjG8E.js +0 -186
- package/dist/lesson-04-DciNjG8E.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-04-vbP_pH7H.js +0 -201
- package/dist/lesson-04-vbP_pH7H.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-05-5ITBa2Ia.js +0 -214
- package/dist/lesson-05-5ITBa2Ia.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-05-DDD4BdBD.js +0 -197
- package/dist/lesson-05-DDD4BdBD.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-05-Dp2ZUMvn.js +0 -227
- package/dist/lesson-05-Dp2ZUMvn.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-05-Du04UDw8.js +0 -175
- package/dist/lesson-05-Du04UDw8.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-05-VfiWFnKX.js +0 -192
- package/dist/lesson-05-VfiWFnKX.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-06-B247Ezo8.js +0 -161
- package/dist/lesson-06-B247Ezo8.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-06-CT_T2-CF.js +0 -201
- package/dist/lesson-06-CT_T2-CF.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-06-C_aRLClN.js +0 -224
- package/dist/lesson-06-C_aRLClN.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-06-Cv5qUy34.js +0 -208
- package/dist/lesson-06-Cv5qUy34.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-06-DcGxfTbB.js +0 -177
- package/dist/lesson-06-DcGxfTbB.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-07-9svk0QSq.js +0 -215
- package/dist/lesson-07-9svk0QSq.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-07-CoWJuUIC.js +0 -189
- package/dist/lesson-07-CoWJuUIC.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-07-DGrnNH3e.js +0 -223
- package/dist/lesson-07-DGrnNH3e.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-07-XGTm5Tp2.js +0 -182
- package/dist/lesson-07-XGTm5Tp2.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-08-C5Oqga49.js +0 -213
- package/dist/lesson-08-C5Oqga49.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-08-CDZOUysk.js +0 -228
- package/dist/lesson-08-CDZOUysk.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-08-DiHa8O85.js +0 -196
- package/dist/lesson-08-DiHa8O85.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-08-dU_y8sh9.js +0 -191
- package/dist/lesson-08-dU_y8sh9.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-09-DDDgHvWa.js +0 -190
- package/dist/lesson-09-DDDgHvWa.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-10-BxDf0Pp3.js +0 -267
- package/dist/lesson-10-BxDf0Pp3.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/shared-DADMaTE7.js +0 -27
- package/dist/shared-DADMaTE7.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.js +0 -10
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.js +0 -10
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.js +0 -10
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/syllabi/grammar/index.js +0 -10
- package/dist/syllabi/grammar/index.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.js +0 -10
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/syllabi/reading/index.js +0 -10
- package/dist/syllabi/reading/index.js.map +0 -1
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const n = `---
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type: lesson
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id: georgian-dialogue-lesson-05
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title: "გაკვეთილი 5 — ტრანსპორტი (Transportation)"
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description: "Taxi, bus, and train vocabulary for getting around Georgia"
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order: 5
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parentId: georgian-dialogue
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difficulty: intermediate
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cefrLevel: A2
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categories:
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- dialogue
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- travel
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- transportation
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metadata:
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estimatedTime: 35
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prerequisites:
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- georgian-dialogue-lesson-04
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learningObjectives:
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- id: obj-dia-05-taxi
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description: "Hail a taxi and give directions in Georgian"
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skill: situational-response
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- id: obj-dia-05-public-transport
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description: "Use bus and metro vocabulary to navigate public transport"
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skill: word-production
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- id: obj-dia-05-transport-comprehension
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description: "Understand transportation-related questions and answers"
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skill: dialogue-comprehension
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---
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# გაკვეთილი 5 (Lesson 5) — Transportation
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## Introduction
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Getting around Georgia involves a mix of transport options. In Tbilisi, the metro (მეტრო) and minibuses (მარშრუტკა, marshrutka) are ubiquitous. Taxis are plentiful and relatively inexpensive. Between cities, trains and intercity buses connect the major destinations. This lesson gives you the language to use all of these.
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## Transport Vocabulary
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:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-dia-05-transport" title="Transport Types"}
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::vocab-item{id="taksi" word="ტაქსი" pronunciation="taq-si" meaning="taxi"}
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::vocab-item{id="avtobus" word="ავტობუსი" pronunciation="av-to-bu-si" meaning="bus"}
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::vocab-item{id="metro-ka" word="მეტრო" pronunciation="met-ro" meaning="metro / subway"}
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::vocab-item{id="marshrutka" word="მარშრუტკა" pronunciation="marsh-rut-ka" meaning="minibus / marshrutka"}
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::vocab-item{id="mgzavroba" word="მატარებელი" pronunciation="ma-ta-re-be-li" meaning="train"}
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::vocab-item{id="gaCereba" word="გაჩერება" pronunciation="ga-che-re-ba" meaning="stop / station"}
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::vocab-item{id="bileti" word="ბილეთი" pronunciation="bi-let-i" meaning="ticket"}
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:::
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## Taking a Taxi
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:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-dia-05-taxi" title="Taxi Phrases"}
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::vocab-item{id="taksi-gachareba" word="ტაქსი!" pronunciation="taq-si" meaning="Taxi! (hailing)"}
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::vocab-item{id="minda-wavide" word="მინდა წავიდე..." pronunciation="min-da tsa-vi-de" meaning="I want to go to..."}
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::vocab-item{id="miiget" word="მიმიყვანეთ..." pronunciation="mi-mi-yva-net" meaning="Please take me to... (polite imperative)"}
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::vocab-item{id="ra-ghirs-taksi" word="რა ღირს?" pronunciation="ra ghirs" meaning="How much does it cost?"}
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::vocab-item{id="chaqret-aq" word="გაჩერდით აქ" pronunciation="ga-che-rdit aq" meaning="Stop here (please)"}
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:::
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## Public Transport
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:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-dia-05-public" title="Public Transport"}
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::vocab-item{id="sad-gavdge" word="სად ჩავჯდე?" pronunciation="sad chav-jde" meaning="Where do I get on? / Which stop?"}
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::vocab-item{id="rodis-gadge" word="სად ჩამოვჯდე?" pronunciation="sad cha-mov-jde" meaning="Where do I get off?"}
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::vocab-item{id="martokheli-bileti" word="ერთი ბილეთი" pronunciation="er-ti bi-let-i" meaning="one ticket"}
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::vocab-item{id="sad-aris-metro" word="სად არის მეტროს სადგური?" pronunciation="sad a-ris met-ros sad-gu-ri" meaning="Where is the metro station?"}
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::vocab-item{id="tavdapirvelad" word="შემდეგი გაჩერება" pronunciation="shem-de-gi ga-che-re-ba" meaning="next stop"}
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:::
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## Sample Conversation — Taxi
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**მოგზაური** (Traveler): ტაქსი! (**waves down taxi**) გამარჯობა. მიმიყვანეთ ძველ ქალაქში, გთხოვთ.
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(taq-si! ga-mar-jo-ba. mi-mi-yva-net dzvel qa-laq-shi, g-tkhovt.)
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*Taxi! Hello. Please take me to the Old Town.*
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**მძღოლი** (Driver): კი. რა ღირს, გეკითხებით? ათი ლარი.
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(ki. ra ghirs, ge-kit-khe-bit? a-ti la-ri.)
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*Yes. The price? Ten lari.*
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**მოგზაური**: კარგი. წავიდეთ.
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(kar-gi. tsa-vi-det.)
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*Good. Let's go.*
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**მძღოლი**: (**arrives**) ძველი ქალაქი. ბარაქალა.
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(dzve-li qa-la-qi. ba-ra-qa-la.)
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*The Old Town. Here we are.*
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**მოგზაური**: მადლობა. გაჩერდით აქ, გთხოვთ.
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(mad-lo-ba. ga-cher-dit aq, g-tkhovt.)
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*Thank you. Please stop here.*
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## Sample Conversation — Metro
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**მოგზაური**: ბოდიში, სად არის მეტროს სადგური?
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(bo-di-shi, sad a-ris met-ros sad-gu-ri?)
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*Excuse me, where is the metro station?*
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**გამვლელი**: ახლოს — ასი მეტრი პირდაპირ.
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(akh-los — a-si met-ri pir-da-pir.)
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*Nearby — one hundred meters straight ahead.*
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**მოგზაური**: მადლობა. და სად ვიყიდო ბილეთი?
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(mad-lo-ba. da sad vi-yi-di bi-let-i?)
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*Thank you. And where do I buy a ticket?*
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**გამვლელი**: შესასვლელთან — ავტომატებშია.
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(she-sas-vle-ltan — av-to-ma-teb-shi-a.)
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*At the entrance — in the machines.*
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## Cultural Note: The Marshrutka
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The **მარშრუტკა** (marshrutka) is an iconic feature of Georgian transport — a small minibus that runs fixed routes. You pay the driver or pass money forward through other passengers. Tell the driver your destination before boarding, as marshrutkas stop when asked. They are cheap, fast, and an authentic local experience.
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## Practice Exercises
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:::exercise{id="ka-dia-05-taxi-phrases" type="fill-in-blank" title="Taxi Phrases" skill="situational-response" objectiveId="obj-dia-05-taxi"}
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**Question:** Complete the taxi conversation
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1. Asking the driver to take you somewhere: ___ ძველ ქალაქში, გთხოვთ
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2. Asking the price: ___ ___?
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3. Telling the driver to stop: ___ აქ
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**Answer:**
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1. მიმიყვანეთ
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2. რა ღირს
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3. გაჩერდით
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**Explanation:** მიმიყვანეთ is the polite imperative "take me to." რა ღირს is the standard price question. გაჩერდით is the imperative "stop" — add გთხოვთ for extra politeness.
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:::exercise{id="ka-dia-05-transport-vocab" type="matching" title="Transport Types" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-dia-05-public-transport"}
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**Question:** Match the Georgian transport word to its English equivalent
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**Explanation:** Georgian has borrowed several transport words from Russian and European languages. ავტობუსი, მეტრო, and ბილეთი are recognizable. მარშრუტკა (from Russian маршрутка) is the locally important minibus. მატარებელი is a native Georgian word for train.
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:::exercise{id="ka-dia-05-metro-comprehension" type="multiple-choice" title="Metro Question" skill="dialogue-comprehension" objectiveId="obj-dia-05-transport-comprehension"}
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**Question:** Someone tells you: სადგური ახლოს არის — ასი მეტრი პირდაპირ. What does this mean?
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**Options:**
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- The station is far — take a taxi
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- The station is closed today
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**Answer:** 2
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**Explanation:** ახლოს means nearby, ასი მეტრი means one hundred meters, and პირდაპირ means straight ahead. Together: the station is nearby, one hundred meters straight ahead.
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:::
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## What's Next
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In Lesson 6, you will expand beyond basic introductions to deeper conversations about hobbies, family, and personal interests.
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export {
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//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-05-DDD4BdBD.js.map
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{"version":3,"file":"lesson-05-DDD4BdBD.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-05.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-dialogue-lesson-05\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 5 — ტრანსპორტი (Transportation)\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Taxi, bus, and train vocabulary for getting around Georgia\\\"\\norder: 5\\nparentId: georgian-dialogue\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A2\\ncategories:\\n - dialogue\\n - travel\\n - transportation\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 35\\n prerequisites:\\n - georgian-dialogue-lesson-04\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-dia-05-taxi\\n description: \\\"Hail a taxi and give directions in Georgian\\\"\\n skill: situational-response\\n - id: obj-dia-05-public-transport\\n description: \\\"Use bus and metro vocabulary to navigate public transport\\\"\\n skill: word-production\\n - id: obj-dia-05-transport-comprehension\\n description: \\\"Understand transportation-related questions and answers\\\"\\n skill: dialogue-comprehension\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 5 (Lesson 5) — Transportation\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nGetting around Georgia involves a mix of transport options. In Tbilisi, the metro (მეტრო) and minibuses (მარშრუტკა, marshrutka) are ubiquitous. Taxis are plentiful and relatively inexpensive. Between cities, trains and intercity buses connect the major destinations. This lesson gives you the language to use all of these.\\n\\n## Transport Vocabulary\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-dia-05-transport\\\" title=\\\"Transport Types\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"taksi\\\" word=\\\"ტაქსი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"taq-si\\\" meaning=\\\"taxi\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"avtobus\\\" word=\\\"ავტობუსი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"av-to-bu-si\\\" meaning=\\\"bus\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"metro-ka\\\" word=\\\"მეტრო\\\" pronunciation=\\\"met-ro\\\" meaning=\\\"metro / subway\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"marshrutka\\\" word=\\\"მარშრუტკა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"marsh-rut-ka\\\" meaning=\\\"minibus / marshrutka\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"mgzavroba\\\" word=\\\"მატარებელი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ma-ta-re-be-li\\\" meaning=\\\"train\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gaCereba\\\" word=\\\"გაჩერება\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ga-che-re-ba\\\" meaning=\\\"stop / station\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"bileti\\\" word=\\\"ბილეთი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"bi-let-i\\\" meaning=\\\"ticket\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Taking a Taxi\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-dia-05-taxi\\\" title=\\\"Taxi Phrases\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"taksi-gachareba\\\" word=\\\"ტაქსი!\\\" pronunciation=\\\"taq-si\\\" meaning=\\\"Taxi! (hailing)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"minda-wavide\\\" word=\\\"მინდა წავიდე...\\\" pronunciation=\\\"min-da tsa-vi-de\\\" meaning=\\\"I want to go to...\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"miiget\\\" word=\\\"მიმიყვანეთ...\\\" pronunciation=\\\"mi-mi-yva-net\\\" meaning=\\\"Please take me to... (polite imperative)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ra-ghirs-taksi\\\" word=\\\"რა ღირს?\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ra ghirs\\\" meaning=\\\"How much does it cost?\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"chaqret-aq\\\" word=\\\"გაჩერდით აქ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ga-che-rdit aq\\\" meaning=\\\"Stop here (please)\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Public Transport\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-dia-05-public\\\" title=\\\"Public Transport\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"sad-gavdge\\\" word=\\\"სად ჩავჯდე?\\\" pronunciation=\\\"sad chav-jde\\\" meaning=\\\"Where do I get on? / Which stop?\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"rodis-gadge\\\" word=\\\"სად ჩამოვჯდე?\\\" pronunciation=\\\"sad cha-mov-jde\\\" meaning=\\\"Where do I get off?\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"martokheli-bileti\\\" word=\\\"ერთი ბილეთი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"er-ti bi-let-i\\\" meaning=\\\"one ticket\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"sad-aris-metro\\\" word=\\\"სად არის მეტროს სადგური?\\\" pronunciation=\\\"sad a-ris met-ros sad-gu-ri\\\" meaning=\\\"Where is the metro station?\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"tavdapirvelad\\\" word=\\\"შემდეგი გაჩერება\\\" pronunciation=\\\"shem-de-gi ga-che-re-ba\\\" meaning=\\\"next stop\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Sample Conversation — Taxi\\n\\n**მოგზაური** (Traveler): ტაქსი! (**waves down taxi**) გამარჯობა. მიმიყვანეთ ძველ ქალაქში, გთხოვთ.\\n(taq-si! ga-mar-jo-ba. mi-mi-yva-net dzvel qa-laq-shi, g-tkhovt.)\\n*Taxi! Hello. Please take me to the Old Town.*\\n\\n**მძღოლი** (Driver): კი. რა ღირს, გეკითხებით? ათი ლარი.\\n(ki. ra ghirs, ge-kit-khe-bit? a-ti la-ri.)\\n*Yes. The price? Ten lari.*\\n\\n**მოგზაური**: კარგი. წავიდეთ.\\n(kar-gi. tsa-vi-det.)\\n*Good. Let's go.*\\n\\n**მძღოლი**: (**arrives**) ძველი ქალაქი. ბარაქალა.\\n(dzve-li qa-la-qi. ba-ra-qa-la.)\\n*The Old Town. Here we are.*\\n\\n**მოგზაური**: მადლობა. გაჩერდით აქ, გთხოვთ.\\n(mad-lo-ba. ga-cher-dit aq, g-tkhovt.)\\n*Thank you. Please stop here.*\\n\\n## Sample Conversation — Metro\\n\\n**მოგზაური**: ბოდიში, სად არის მეტროს სადგური?\\n(bo-di-shi, sad a-ris met-ros sad-gu-ri?)\\n*Excuse me, where is the metro station?*\\n\\n**გამვლელი**: ახლოს — ასი მეტრი პირდაპირ.\\n(akh-los — a-si met-ri pir-da-pir.)\\n*Nearby — one hundred meters straight ahead.*\\n\\n**მოგზაური**: მადლობა. და სად ვიყიდო ბილეთი?\\n(mad-lo-ba. da sad vi-yi-di bi-let-i?)\\n*Thank you. And where do I buy a ticket?*\\n\\n**გამვლელი**: შესასვლელთან — ავტომატებშია.\\n(she-sas-vle-ltan — av-to-ma-teb-shi-a.)\\n*At the entrance — in the machines.*\\n\\n## Cultural Note: The Marshrutka\\n\\nThe **მარშრუტკა** (marshrutka) is an iconic feature of Georgian transport — a small minibus that runs fixed routes. You pay the driver or pass money forward through other passengers. Tell the driver your destination before boarding, as marshrutkas stop when asked. They are cheap, fast, and an authentic local experience.\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-dia-05-taxi-phrases\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Taxi Phrases\\\" skill=\\\"situational-response\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-dia-05-taxi\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Complete the taxi conversation\\n\\n1. Asking the driver to take you somewhere: ___ ძველ ქალაქში, გთხოვთ\\n2. Asking the price: ___ ___?\\n3. Telling the driver to stop: ___ აქ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. მიმიყვანეთ\\n2. რა ღირს\\n3. გაჩერდით\\n\\n**Explanation:** მიმიყვანეთ is the polite imperative \\\"take me to.\\\" რა ღირს is the standard price question. გაჩერდით is the imperative \\\"stop\\\" — add გთხოვთ for extra politeness.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-dia-05-transport-vocab\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Transport Types\\\" skill=\\\"word-production\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-dia-05-public-transport\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match the Georgian transport word to its English equivalent\\n\\n- ავტობუსი\\n- მარშრუტკა\\n- მეტრო\\n- მატარებელი\\n- ბილეთი\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ავტობუსი → bus\\n- მარშრუტკა → minibus\\n- მეტრო → metro / subway\\n- მატარებელი → train\\n- ბილეთი → ticket\\n\\n**Explanation:** Georgian has borrowed several transport words from Russian and European languages. ავტობუსი, მეტრო, and ბილეთი are recognizable. მარშრუტკა (from Russian маршрутка) is the locally important minibus. მატარებელი is a native Georgian word for train.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-dia-05-metro-comprehension\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Metro Question\\\" skill=\\\"dialogue-comprehension\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-dia-05-transport-comprehension\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Someone tells you: სადგური ახლოს არის — ასი მეტრი პირდაპირ. What does this mean?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- The station is far — take a taxi\\n- The station is nearby — one hundred meters straight ahead\\n- The station is behind you — turn around\\n- The station is closed today\\n\\n**Answer:** 2\\n\\n**Explanation:** ახლოს means nearby, ასი მეტრი means one hundred meters, and პირდაპირ means straight ahead. Together: the station is nearby, one hundred meters straight ahead.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 6, you will expand beyond basic introductions to deeper conversations about hobbies, family, and personal interests.\\n\""],"names":["lesson05"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}
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const n = `---
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type: lesson
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id: georgian-essentials-lesson-05
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title: "გაკვეთილი 5 — რიცხვები კონტექსტში"
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description: "Numbers in Context: Shopping, ordering, and counting in Georgian"
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order: 5
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parentId: georgian-essentials
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difficulty: beginner
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cefrLevel: A1
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categories:
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- numbers
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- shopping
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- practical
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metadata:
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estimatedTime: 35
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prerequisites:
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- georgian-essentials-lesson-04
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learningObjectives:
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- id: obj-numbers-1-20
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description: "Recognize and say numbers 1 to 20 in Georgian"
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skill: word-recognition
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- id: obj-numbers-tens
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description: "Use tens and the vigesimal system"
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skill: word-production
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description: "Use numbers in shopping and price contexts"
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skill: situational-response
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- id: obj-numbers-ordering
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description: "Order food and specify quantities"
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skill: word-production
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---
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# გაკვეთილი 5 (Lesson 5) — Numbers in Context
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## Introduction
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Georgian has a fascinating number system. While it uses a base-10 system for 1–19, it switches to a **vigesimal** (base-20) system for numbers above 20. This means "40" is literally "two twenties" and "60" is "three twenties." The number system reflects ancient Georgian culture and is unique among Caucasian languages.
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## Numbers 1–10
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:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-numbers-1-10" title="Numbers 1 to 10"}
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::vocab-item{id="erti" word="ერთი" pronunciation="er-ti" meaning="1 — one"}
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::vocab-item{id="ori" word="ორი" pronunciation="o-ri" meaning="2 — two"}
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::vocab-item{id="sami" word="სამი" pronunciation="sa-mi" meaning="3 — three"}
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::vocab-item{id="otkhi" word="ოთხი" pronunciation="ot-khi" meaning="4 — four"}
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::vocab-item{id="khuti" word="ხუთი" pronunciation="khu-ti" meaning="5 — five"}
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::vocab-item{id="ekvsi" word="ექვსი" pronunciation="ek-vsi" meaning="6 — six"}
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::vocab-item{id="shvidi" word="შვიდი" pronunciation="shvi-di" meaning="7 — seven"}
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::vocab-item{id="rva" word="რვა" pronunciation="rva" meaning="8 — eight"}
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::vocab-item{id="tskhra" word="ცხრა" pronunciation="tskh-ra" meaning="9 — nine"}
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::vocab-item{id="ati" word="ათი" pronunciation="a-ti" meaning="10 — ten"}
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## Numbers 11–20
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| Georgian | Pronunciation | Meaning |
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|----------|---------------|---------|
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| თერთმეტი | tert-me-ti | 11 |
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| თორმეტი | tor-me-ti | 12 |
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| ცამეტი | tsa-me-ti | 13 |
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| თოთხმეტი | tot-kh-me-ti | 14 |
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| თხუთმეტი | tkut-me-ti | 15 |
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| თექვსმეტი | tek-vs-me-ti | 16 |
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| ჩვიდმეტი | chvid-me-ti | 17 |
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| თვრამეტი | tvra-me-ti | 18 |
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| ცხრამეტი | tskh-ra-me-ti | 19 |
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| ოცი | o-tsi | 20 |
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## The Vigesimal System
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Above 20, Georgian counts in twenties:
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| Georgian | Pronunciation | Structure | Meaning |
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|----------|---------------|-----------|---------|
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| ოციდა-ერთი | o-tsi-da-er-ti | 20 + 1 | 21 |
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| ოციდა-ხუთი | o-tsi-da-khu-ti | 20 + 5 | 25 |
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| ორმოცი | or-mo-tsi | 2 × 20 | 40 |
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| სამოცი | sa-mo-tsi | 3 × 20 | 60 |
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| ოთხმოცი | ot-kh-mo-tsi | 4 × 20 | 80 |
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| ასი | a-si | 100 |
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| ათასი | a-ta-si | 1000 |
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## Georgian Currency
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Georgian currency is the **ლარი** (lari). One lari = 100 **თეთრი** (tetri).
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| Georgian | Meaning |
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| ერთი ლარი | 1 lari |
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| ოცი ლარი | 20 lari |
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| ასი ლარი | 100 lari |
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## At the Market
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:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-shopping-phrases" title="Shopping Phrases"}
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::vocab-item{id="ra-ghirs-2" word="რა ღირს?" pronunciation="ra ghirs?" meaning="How much does it cost?"}
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::vocab-item{id="dzvirfia" word="ძვირია" pronunciation="dzvi-ri-a" meaning="It is expensive"}
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::vocab-item{id="iatakia" word="იაფია" pronunciation="ia-pi-a" meaning="It is cheap"}
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::vocab-item{id="momecit" word="მომეცით" pronunciation="mo-me-tsit" meaning="Please give me (formal)"}
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::vocab-item{id="ginda" word="გინდა?" pronunciation="gin-da?" meaning="Do you want? (informal)"}
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:::
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## Ordering Food
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At a Georgian restaurant or cafe:
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| Phrase | Pronunciation | Meaning |
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| ერთი ყავა, გთხოვთ | er-ti qa-va, g-tkhovt | One coffee, please |
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| ორი ხინკალი | o-ri khin-ka-li | Two khinkali (dumplings) |
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| სამი ჭიქა წყალი | sa-mi chi-qa ts-qa-li | Three glasses of water |
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| ანგარიში, გთხოვთ | an-ga-ri-shi, g-tkhovt | The bill, please |
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## Sample Shopping Conversation
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**Customer**: ბოდიში, ეს რა ღირს? (Excuse me, how much does this cost?)
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**Seller**: ოცდა-ხუთი ლარი. (Twenty-five lari.)
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**Customer**: ცოტა ძვირია. (It's a little expensive.)
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**Seller**: კარგი, ოცი ლარი. (Okay, twenty lari.)
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**Customer**: კარგი, მომეცით. (Good, please give me one.)
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**Seller**: ბარაქალა! (Here you go! / Thank you!)
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## Key Points
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1. **1–10**: Learn these as the foundation
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2. **ოცი = 20**: The pivot of the vigesimal system
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3. **ორმოცი/სამოცი/ოთხმოცი**: 40/60/80 — multiples of 20
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4. **ლარი for currency**: Georgia's national currency
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5. **გთხოვთ always polite**: Add it to any order or request
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## Practice Exercises
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:::exercise{id="ka-ess-05-numbers-1-10" type="matching" title="Numbers 1 to 10" skill="word-recognition" objectiveId="obj-numbers-1-20"}
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**Question:** Match each Georgian number word to its value
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- ერთი
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- სამი
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- ხუთი
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- შვიდი
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- ცხრა
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**Answer:**
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- ერთი = 1 (one)
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- ცხრა = 9 (nine)
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**Explanation:** These are the odd numbers 1 through 9. Notice that Georgian numbers end in -ი (the indefinite marker) in their standalone form: ერთ-ი, სამ-ი, ხუთ-ი, შვიდ-ი. ცხრა is an exception that does not add -ი.
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:::
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:::exercise{id="ka-ess-05-vigesimal" type="multiple-choice" title="The Vigesimal System" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-numbers-tens"}
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**Question:** How do you say "40" in Georgian?
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**Options:**
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- ოცდაოცი
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**Answer:** 3
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**Explanation:** Georgian uses a vigesimal (base-20) system above 20. "40" is ორმოცი — literally "two-twenty" (2 × 20). Similarly, 60 = სამოცი (3 × 20) and 80 = ოთხმოცი (4 × 20). This is a feature Georgian shares with French (quatre-vingts = 4 × 20 = 80).
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:::
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:::exercise{id="ka-ess-05-shopping" type="fill-in-blank" title="Shopping Phrases" skill="situational-response" objectiveId="obj-numbers-shopping"}
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**Question:** Complete this shopping exchange
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1. Customer asks price: ეს ___ ___? (How much does this cost?)
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2. Seller answers 15 lari: ___ ___
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3. Customer says it's expensive: ___ ___
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**Answer:**
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1. ეს **რა ღირს?**
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2. **თხუთმეტი ლარი**
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3. **ძვირია** (It is expensive)
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**Explanation:** რა ღირს is the standard "how much does it cost." Numbers come before ლარი (lari). ძვირია means "it is expensive" — a useful word in any market!
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:::
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:::exercise{id="ka-ess-05-ordering" type="fill-in-blank" title="Ordering Food" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-numbers-ordering"}
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**Question:** How do you order two coffees and three glasses of water in Georgian?
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**Answer:**
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ორი ყავა, გთხოვთ. (Two coffees, please.)
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სამი ჭიქა წყალი, გთხოვთ. (Three glasses of water, please.)
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**Explanation:** Number + item + გთხოვთ (please) is the standard ordering formula. ყავა is coffee, ჭიქა is glass/cup, and წყალი is water. Always add გთხოვთ to be polite.
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:::
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## What's Next
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In Lesson 6, you will learn the most common Georgian responses — yes, no, I understand, and other essential replies for everyday conversation.
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export {
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n as default
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//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-05-Dp2ZUMvn.js.map
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{"version":3,"file":"lesson-05-Dp2ZUMvn.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-05.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-essentials-lesson-05\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 5 — რიცხვები კონტექსტში\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Numbers in Context: Shopping, ordering, and counting in Georgian\\\"\\norder: 5\\nparentId: georgian-essentials\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n - numbers\\n - shopping\\n - practical\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 35\\n prerequisites:\\n - georgian-essentials-lesson-04\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-numbers-1-20\\n description: \\\"Recognize and say numbers 1 to 20 in Georgian\\\"\\n skill: word-recognition\\n - id: obj-numbers-tens\\n description: \\\"Use tens and the vigesimal system\\\"\\n skill: word-production\\n - id: obj-numbers-shopping\\n description: \\\"Use numbers in shopping and price contexts\\\"\\n skill: situational-response\\n - id: obj-numbers-ordering\\n description: \\\"Order food and specify quantities\\\"\\n skill: word-production\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 5 (Lesson 5) — Numbers in Context\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nGeorgian has a fascinating number system. While it uses a base-10 system for 1–19, it switches to a **vigesimal** (base-20) system for numbers above 20. This means \\\"40\\\" is literally \\\"two twenties\\\" and \\\"60\\\" is \\\"three twenties.\\\" The number system reflects ancient Georgian culture and is unique among Caucasian languages.\\n\\n## Numbers 1–10\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-numbers-1-10\\\" title=\\\"Numbers 1 to 10\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"erti\\\" word=\\\"ერთი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"er-ti\\\" meaning=\\\"1 — one\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ori\\\" word=\\\"ორი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"o-ri\\\" meaning=\\\"2 — two\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"sami\\\" word=\\\"სამი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"sa-mi\\\" meaning=\\\"3 — three\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"otkhi\\\" word=\\\"ოთხი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ot-khi\\\" meaning=\\\"4 — four\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"khuti\\\" word=\\\"ხუთი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"khu-ti\\\" meaning=\\\"5 — five\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ekvsi\\\" word=\\\"ექვსი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ek-vsi\\\" meaning=\\\"6 — six\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"shvidi\\\" word=\\\"შვიდი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"shvi-di\\\" meaning=\\\"7 — seven\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"rva\\\" word=\\\"რვა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"rva\\\" meaning=\\\"8 — eight\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"tskhra\\\" word=\\\"ცხრა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"tskh-ra\\\" meaning=\\\"9 — nine\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ati\\\" word=\\\"ათი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"a-ti\\\" meaning=\\\"10 — ten\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Numbers 11–20\\n\\n| Georgian | Pronunciation | Meaning |\\n|----------|---------------|---------|\\n| თერთმეტი | tert-me-ti | 11 |\\n| თორმეტი | tor-me-ti | 12 |\\n| ცამეტი | tsa-me-ti | 13 |\\n| თოთხმეტი | tot-kh-me-ti | 14 |\\n| თხუთმეტი | tkut-me-ti | 15 |\\n| თექვსმეტი | tek-vs-me-ti | 16 |\\n| ჩვიდმეტი | chvid-me-ti | 17 |\\n| თვრამეტი | tvra-me-ti | 18 |\\n| ცხრამეტი | tskh-ra-me-ti | 19 |\\n| ოცი | o-tsi | 20 |\\n\\n## The Vigesimal System\\n\\nAbove 20, Georgian counts in twenties:\\n\\n| Georgian | Pronunciation | Structure | Meaning |\\n|----------|---------------|-----------|---------|\\n| ოციდა-ერთი | o-tsi-da-er-ti | 20 + 1 | 21 |\\n| ოციდა-ხუთი | o-tsi-da-khu-ti | 20 + 5 | 25 |\\n| ორმოცი | or-mo-tsi | 2 × 20 | 40 |\\n| სამოცი | sa-mo-tsi | 3 × 20 | 60 |\\n| ოთხმოცი | ot-kh-mo-tsi | 4 × 20 | 80 |\\n| ასი | a-si | 100 |\\n| ათასი | a-ta-si | 1000 |\\n\\n## Georgian Currency\\n\\nGeorgian currency is the **ლარი** (lari). One lari = 100 **თეთრი** (tetri).\\n\\n| Georgian | Meaning |\\n|----------|---------|\\n| ერთი ლარი | 1 lari |\\n| ხუთი ლარი | 5 lari |\\n| ოცი ლარი | 20 lari |\\n| ასი ლარი | 100 lari |\\n\\n## At the Market\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-shopping-phrases\\\" title=\\\"Shopping Phrases\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ra-ghirs-2\\\" word=\\\"რა ღირს?\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ra ghirs?\\\" meaning=\\\"How much does it cost?\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"dzvirfia\\\" word=\\\"ძვირია\\\" pronunciation=\\\"dzvi-ri-a\\\" meaning=\\\"It is expensive\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"iatakia\\\" word=\\\"იაფია\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ia-pi-a\\\" meaning=\\\"It is cheap\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"momecit\\\" word=\\\"მომეცით\\\" pronunciation=\\\"mo-me-tsit\\\" meaning=\\\"Please give me (formal)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ginda\\\" word=\\\"გინდა?\\\" pronunciation=\\\"gin-da?\\\" meaning=\\\"Do you want? (informal)\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Ordering Food\\n\\nAt a Georgian restaurant or cafe:\\n\\n| Phrase | Pronunciation | Meaning |\\n|--------|---------------|---------|\\n| ერთი ყავა, გთხოვთ | er-ti qa-va, g-tkhovt | One coffee, please |\\n| ორი ხინკალი | o-ri khin-ka-li | Two khinkali (dumplings) |\\n| სამი ჭიქა წყალი | sa-mi chi-qa ts-qa-li | Three glasses of water |\\n| ანგარიში, გთხოვთ | an-ga-ri-shi, g-tkhovt | The bill, please |\\n\\n## Sample Shopping Conversation\\n\\n**Customer**: ბოდიში, ეს რა ღირს? (Excuse me, how much does this cost?)\\n**Seller**: ოცდა-ხუთი ლარი. (Twenty-five lari.)\\n**Customer**: ცოტა ძვირია. (It's a little expensive.)\\n**Seller**: კარგი, ოცი ლარი. (Okay, twenty lari.)\\n**Customer**: კარგი, მომეცით. (Good, please give me one.)\\n**Seller**: ბარაქალა! (Here you go! / Thank you!)\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **1–10**: Learn these as the foundation\\n2. **ოცი = 20**: The pivot of the vigesimal system\\n3. **ორმოცი/სამოცი/ოთხმოცი**: 40/60/80 — multiples of 20\\n4. **ლარი for currency**: Georgia's national currency\\n5. **გთხოვთ always polite**: Add it to any order or request\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-ess-05-numbers-1-10\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Numbers 1 to 10\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-numbers-1-20\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian number word to its value\\n\\n- ერთი\\n- სამი\\n- ხუთი\\n- შვიდი\\n- ცხრა\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ერთი = 1 (one)\\n- სამი = 3 (three)\\n- ხუთი = 5 (five)\\n- შვიდი = 7 (seven)\\n- ცხრა = 9 (nine)\\n\\n**Explanation:** These are the odd numbers 1 through 9. Notice that Georgian numbers end in -ი (the indefinite marker) in their standalone form: ერთ-ი, სამ-ი, ხუთ-ი, შვიდ-ი. ცხრა is an exception that does not add -ი.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-ess-05-vigesimal\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"The Vigesimal System\\\" skill=\\\"word-production\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-numbers-tens\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** How do you say \\\"40\\\" in Georgian?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- ოცდაოცი\\n- ოთხი ათი\\n- ორმოცი\\n- ოთხი ოცი\\n\\n**Answer:** 3\\n\\n**Explanation:** Georgian uses a vigesimal (base-20) system above 20. \\\"40\\\" is ორმოცი — literally \\\"two-twenty\\\" (2 × 20). Similarly, 60 = სამოცი (3 × 20) and 80 = ოთხმოცი (4 × 20). This is a feature Georgian shares with French (quatre-vingts = 4 × 20 = 80).\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-ess-05-shopping\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Shopping Phrases\\\" skill=\\\"situational-response\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-numbers-shopping\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Complete this shopping exchange\\n\\n1. Customer asks price: ეს ___ ___? (How much does this cost?)\\n2. Seller answers 15 lari: ___ ___\\n3. Customer says it's expensive: ___ ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. ეს **რა ღირს?**\\n2. **თხუთმეტი ლარი**\\n3. **ძვირია** (It is expensive)\\n\\n**Explanation:** რა ღირს is the standard \\\"how much does it cost.\\\" Numbers come before ლარი (lari). ძვირია means \\\"it is expensive\\\" — a useful word in any market!\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-ess-05-ordering\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Ordering Food\\\" skill=\\\"word-production\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-numbers-ordering\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** How do you order two coffees and three glasses of water in Georgian?\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\nორი ყავა, გთხოვთ. (Two coffees, please.)\\nსამი ჭიქა წყალი, გთხოვთ. (Three glasses of water, please.)\\n\\n**Explanation:** Number + item + გთხოვთ (please) is the standard ordering formula. ყავა is coffee, ჭიქა is glass/cup, and წყალი is water. Always add გთხოვთ to be polite.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 6, you will learn the most common Georgian responses — yes, no, I understand, and other essential replies for everyday conversation.\\n\""],"names":["lesson05"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}
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const e = `---
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type: lesson
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id: georgian-grammar-lesson-05
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title: "გაკვეთილი 5 — აწმყო დრო (Present Tense Verbs)"
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description: "How Georgian present tense verbs work: prefixes, roots, and suffixes"
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order: 5
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parentId: georgian-grammar
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difficulty: intermediate
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cefrLevel: A2
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categories:
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- grammar
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- verbs
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metadata:
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estimatedTime: 35
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prerequisites:
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- georgian-grammar-lesson-04
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learningObjectives:
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- id: obj-05-present-apply
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description: "Conjugate common verbs in the present tense"
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skill: pattern-application
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- id: obj-05-present-produce
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description: "Produce present tense sentences with correct subject prefixes"
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skill: word-production
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- id: obj-05-present-recognize
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description: "Recognize subject agreement prefixes on verbs"
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skill: pattern-recognition
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---
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# გაკვეთილი 5 (Lesson 5) — Present Tense Verbs
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## Introduction
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Georgian verbs are morphologically rich — they carry information about the subject (and sometimes the object) directly within the verb form itself. You have already seen **ვ-** on first person verbs (ვარ, ვსვამ). This lesson covers the full present tense conjugation pattern and introduces you to common verbs.
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Georgian verb structure can be thought of as: **[subject prefix] + [root] + [ending]**.
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## Subject Agreement Prefixes
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For most present tense verbs, the subject is indicated by a prefix attached to the verb stem:
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| Person | Prefix | Example (write — წერ-) | Meaning |
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|--------|--------|----------------------|---------|
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| მე (I) | ვ- | ვ-წერ | I write |
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| შენ (you sg) | — | წერ | you write |
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| ის (he/she) | — | წერ-ს | he/she writes |
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| ჩვენ (we) | ვ- | ვ-წერ-თ | we write |
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| თქვენ (you pl) | — | წერ-თ | you (pl) write |
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| ისინი (they) | — | წერ-ენ | they write |
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Key observations:
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- **ვ-** appears for first person (both singular and plural)
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- Second person singular has no prefix — the bare root
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- Third person singular adds **-ს**
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- First and second person plural both add **-თ**
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- Third person plural adds **-ენ** (or **-ან** for some verb classes)
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## Common Present Tense Verbs
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:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-gram-05-verbs" title="Present Tense Common Verbs"}
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::vocab-item{id="vtsert" word="ვწერ" pronunciation="v-tser" meaning="I write (root: წერ)"}
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::vocab-item{id="vkitxulob" word="ვკითხულობ" pronunciation="v-ki-txu-lob" meaning="I read (root: კითხულობ)"}
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::vocab-item{id="vsaubrob" word="ვსაუბრობ" pronunciation="v-sau-brob" meaning="I speak (root: საუბრობ)"}
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::vocab-item{id="vchamt" word="ვჭამ" pronunciation="v-cham" meaning="I eat (root: ჭამ)"}
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::vocab-item{id="vsvam" word="ვსვამ" pronunciation="v-svam" meaning="I drink (root: სვამ)"}
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::vocab-item{id="vmidivart" word="მივდივარ" pronunciation="mi-v-di-var" meaning="I go (directional verb, different pattern)"}
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:::
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## Full Conjugation: to Write (წერა)
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| Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |
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|----------|-----------------|---------|
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| მე ვწერ | me vtser | I write |
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| შენ წერ | shen tser | you write |
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| ის წერს | is tsers | he/she writes |
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| ჩვენ ვწერთ | chven vtserт | we write |
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| თქვენ წერთ | tkven tsert | you (pl) write |
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| ისინი წერენ | isini tseren | they write |
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## Full Conjugation: to Read (კითხვა)
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| Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |
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|----------|-----------------|---------|
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| მე ვკითხულობ | me vkitxulob | I read |
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| შენ კითხულობ | shen kitxulob | you read |
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| ის კითხულობს | is kitxulobs | he/she reads |
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| ჩვენ ვკითხულობთ | chven vkitxulobt | we read |
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| თქვენ კითხულობთ | tkven kitxulobt | you (pl) read |
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| ისინი კითხულობენ | isini kitxuloben | they read |
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## A Note on Verb Stems
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Georgian verb roots often look different from their infinitive forms. The infinitive (dictionary form) usually ends in **-ა** or **-ობა**, but the conjugated stem is what you actually use:
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| Infinitive | Meaning | Present stem |
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|-----------|---------|-------------|
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| წერა | to write | წერ- |
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| კითხვა | to read | კითხულობ- |
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| სვლა | to go | მიდი- |
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| ჭამა | to eat | ჭამ- |
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## Practice Exercises
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:::exercise{id="ka-gram-05-present-apply" type="fill-in-blank" title="Conjugate in Present" skill="pattern-application" objectiveId="obj-05-present-apply"}
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**Question:** Conjugate the verb **წერა** (to write) for the given subject
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1. მე ___ (I write)
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2. ის ___ (he writes)
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3. ჩვენ ___ (we write)
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4. ისინი ___ (they write)
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**Answer:**
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1. მე **ვწერ**
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2. ის **წერს**
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3. ჩვენ **ვწერთ**
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4. ისინი **წერენ**
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**Explanation:** Add ვ- for first person (I/we), -ს for third person singular, -თ for plural (we/you-pl), and -ენ for third person plural. Second person singular takes the bare root.
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:::exercise{id="ka-gram-05-present-produce" type="fill-in-blank" title="Build a Sentence" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-05-present-produce"}
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**Question:** Translate each sentence into Georgian using the present tense
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1. I drink water (მე, სვამ, წყალი)
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2. She reads a book (ის, კითხულობ, წიგნი)
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3. We speak Georgian (ჩვენ, საუბრობ, ქართული)
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**Answer:**
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1. მე **წყალს ვსვამ**
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2. ის **წიგნს კითხულობს**
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3. ჩვენ **ქართულს ვსაუბრობთ**
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**Explanation:** Remember SOV order: subject first, then object (with -ს ending), then verb last. The verb carries ვ- for first person, -ს for third person singular, and -თ for first person plural.
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:::exercise{id="ka-gram-05-present-recognize" type="matching" title="Identify the Subject" skill="pattern-recognition" objectiveId="obj-05-present-recognize"}
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**Question:** Match each verb form to the subject it agrees with
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- ვწერ
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- წერს
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- ვწერთ
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- წერენ
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**Answer:**
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- ვწერ → მე (I) — ვ- prefix, no ending
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- წერს → ის (he/she) — no prefix, -ს ending
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- ვწერთ → ჩვენ (we) — ვ- prefix, -თ ending
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- წერენ → ისინი (they) — no prefix, -ენ ending
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**Explanation:** The ვ- prefix signals first person. The -ს ending signals third person singular. The -თ ending marks plural. Third person plural uses -ენ. You can identify the subject from these markers even without seeing the pronoun.
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## What's Next
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In Lesson 6, you will learn the aorist (simple past tense) — the most common past tense in Georgian, where the ergative case comes into play for transitive verbs.
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//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-05-Du04UDw8.js.map
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