@syllst/ka 0.3.7 → 0.3.8

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- const n = `---
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- type: lesson
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- id: georgian-dialogue-lesson-04
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- title: "გაკვეთილი 4 — სასტუმროში (At a Hotel)"
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- description: "Booking a room, checking in, and making requests at a Georgian hotel"
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- order: 4
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- parentId: georgian-dialogue
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- difficulty: intermediate
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- cefrLevel: A2
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- categories:
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- - dialogue
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- - travel
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- - hotel
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- metadata:
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- estimatedTime: 35
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- prerequisites:
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- - georgian-dialogue-lesson-03
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- learningObjectives:
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- - id: obj-dia-04-check-in
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- description: "Complete a hotel check-in conversation in Georgian"
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- skill: situational-response
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- - id: obj-dia-04-room-requests
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- description: "Make room requests and ask about hotel facilities"
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- skill: polite-register
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- - id: obj-dia-04-hotel-vocab
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- description: "Recognize and use core hotel vocabulary"
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- skill: word-recognition
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- ---
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-
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- # გაკვეთილი 4 (Lesson 4) — At a Hotel
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-
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- ## Introduction
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-
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- Georgia has a rich tradition of hospitality, and its hotels range from centuries-old guesthouses in mountain villages to modern city hotels in Tbilisi and Batumi. Whether staying in a large hotel or a small family guesthouse (სახლი სასტუმრო, sakhli sastumo), the same core vocabulary will serve you well.
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-
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- ## Hotel Vocabulary
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-
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- :::vocabulary-set{id="ka-dia-04-hotel" title="Hotel Essentials"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="sastumo" word="სასტუმრო" pronunciation="sas-tum-ro" meaning="hotel"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="otakhi" word="ოთახი" pronunciation="o-ta-khi" meaning="room"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="datserili" word="დაჯავშნული" pronunciation="da-javsh-nu-li" meaning="reserved / booked"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="chetineba" word="ჩეკ-ინი" pronunciation="chek-ini" meaning="check-in"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="gacetineba" word="ჩეკ-აუთი" pronunciation="chek-auti" meaning="check-out"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="gagheba" word="გასაღები" pronunciation="ga-sa-ghe-bi" meaning="key"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="sartuliani" word="სართული" pronunciation="sar-tu-li" meaning="floor / story"}
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-
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- :::
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-
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- ## Room Types and Requests
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-
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- :::vocabulary-set{id="ka-dia-04-rooms" title="Room Types"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ertshibani" word="ერთადგილიანი ოთახი" pronunciation="ert-ad-gi-li-a-ni o-ta-khi" meaning="single room"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="orshibani" word="ორადგილიანი ოთახი" pronunciation="or-ad-gi-li-a-ni o-ta-khi" meaning="double room"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="auzi" word="საშხაპე" pronunciation="sash-kha-pe" meaning="shower"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="abanoi" word="აბანო" pronunciation="a-ba-no" meaning="bath / bathroom"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="ubani" word="ბალკონი" pronunciation="bal-ko-ni" meaning="balcony"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="wifi-kartuli" word="ინტერნეტი" pronunciation="in-ter-ne-ti" meaning="internet / WiFi"}
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-
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- :::
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-
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- ## Making Requests
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-
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- :::vocabulary-set{id="ka-dia-04-requests" title="Hotel Requests"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="mashetit" word="შეიძლება...?" pronunciation="she-idz-le-ba" meaning="Is it possible...? / May I...?"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="damexmaret" word="დამეხმარეთ" pronunciation="da-me-khma-ret" meaning="Please help me"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="dachqnoba" word="გამოწვევა" pronunciation="ga-mo-tsveva" meaning="waking up / call (wake-up call)"}
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-
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- ::vocab-item{id="dahvaleba" word="ლუგოჯი" pronunciation="ba-ra-mi" meaning="luggage / baggage"}
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-
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- :::
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-
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- ## Sample Conversation
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-
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- **სტუმარი** (Guest): გამარჯობა. მე ოთახი დაჯავშნული მაქვს. სახელი — ჯონ სმიტი.
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- (ga-mar-jo-ba. me o-ta-khi da-javsh-nu-li maqvs. sa-khe-li — jon smi-ti.)
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- *Hello. I have a room reserved. Name — John Smith.*
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-
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- **ადმინისტრატორი** (Receptionist): გამარჯობა! კი, გვაქვს თქვენი დაჯავშნული ოთახი. ორადგილიანი, მესამე სართულზე.
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- (ga-mar-jo-ba! ki, gvaqvs tkveni da-javsh-nu-li o-ta-khi. or-ad-gi-li-a-ni, me-sa-me sar-tul-ze.)
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- *Hello! Yes, we have your reserved room. A double, on the third floor.*
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-
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- **სტუმარი**: კარგი. შეიძლება ბალკონიანი ოთახი?
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- (kar-gi. she-idz-le-ba bal-ko-ni-a-ni o-ta-khi?)
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- *Good. Is it possible to have a room with a balcony?*
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-
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- **ადმინისტრატორი**: ვნახოთ... დიახ, შეიძლება. ნომერი 312.
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- (vna-khot... di-akh, she-idz-le-ba. no-me-ri 312.)
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- *Let's see... Yes, it is possible. Room 312.*
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-
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- **სტუმარი**: გმადლობთ. WiFi გაქვთ?
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- (gma-dlobt. WiFi gaqvt?)
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- *Thank you. Do you have WiFi?*
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-
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- **ადმინისტრატორი**: კი, ინტერნეტი გაქვთ. პაროლი ამ ბარათზეა.
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- (ki, in-ter-ne-ti gaqvt. pa-ro-li am ba-rat-ze-a.)
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- *Yes, you have internet. The password is on this card.*
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-
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- **სტუმარი**: მადლობა. ოთახის გასაღები?
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- (mad-lo-ba. o-ta-khis ga-sa-ghe-bi?)
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- *Thank you. The room key?*
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-
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- **ადმინისტრატორი**: ბარაქალა. (**hands key**) სასიამოვნო დასვენება!
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- (ba-ra-qa-la. sa-si-a-mov-no das-ve-ne-ba!)
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- *Here you go. Have a pleasant stay!*
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-
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- ## Useful Hotel Phrases
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-
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- | Georgian | Pronunciation | Meaning |
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- |----------|---------------|---------|
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- | ჩეკ-ინი საათი | chek-ini sa-a-ti | check-in time |
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- | ჩეკ-აუთი საათი | chek-auti sa-a-ti | check-out time |
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- | საუზმე შედის? | sau-zme she-dis | Is breakfast included? |
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- | ოთახის დასუფთავება | o-ta-khis da-sup-ta-ve-ba | room cleaning |
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- | ადგილი ავტომობილისთვის | ad-gi-li av-to-mo-bi-lis-tvis | parking space |
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-
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- ## Cultural Note: Georgian Guesthouses
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-
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- Beyond hotels, Georgian travelers often stay in **სახლი სასტუმრო** (family guesthouses), especially in rural areas and mountain villages. These are family homes where a spare room is rented out. Hosts typically include a large home-cooked breakfast — sometimes three courses — as part of the price. This is one of the most authentic ways to experience Georgian hospitality.
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-
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- ## Practice Exercises
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-
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- :::exercise{id="ka-dia-04-checkin-sequence" type="fill-in-blank" title="Check-in Phrases" skill="situational-response" objectiveId="obj-dia-04-check-in"}
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- **Question:** Complete the guest's side of the check-in conversation
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- 1. Saying you have a reservation: მე ოთახი ___ მაქვს
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- 2. Asking if a balcony room is possible: შეიძლება ___ ოთახი?
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- 3. Asking for the room key: ოთახის ___?
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-
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- **Answer:**
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- 1. დაჯავშნული
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- 2. ბალკონიანი
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- 3. გასაღები
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-
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- **Explanation:** დაჯავშნული means reserved/booked. ბალკონიანი is the adjective form of ბალკონი (balcony). გასაღები is the word for key — essential vocabulary for any accommodation.
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- :::
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- :::exercise{id="ka-dia-04-request-form" type="multiple-choice" title="Making a Polite Request" skill="polite-register" objectiveId="obj-dia-04-room-requests"}
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- **Question:** You want to ask if it is possible to change your room. Which phrase do you use to begin?
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-
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- **Options:**
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- - მინდა!
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- - შეიძლება?
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- - სად არის?
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- - მომეცით
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- **Answer:** 2
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- **Explanation:** შეიძლება means "is it possible?" and is the standard polite opener for any request in Georgian. It is softer and more appropriate than მინდა (I want!) which sounds demanding. სად არის is for asking where something is. მომეცით is a direct imperative "give me."
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- :::
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- :::exercise{id="ka-dia-04-hotel-vocab" type="matching" title="Hotel Vocabulary" skill="word-recognition" objectiveId="obj-dia-04-hotel-vocab"}
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- **Question:** Match each Georgian hotel word to its English meaning
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- - სასტუმრო
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- - ოთახი
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- - გასაღები
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- - სართული
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- - საშხაპე
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-
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- **Answer:**
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- - სასტუმრო → hotel
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- - ოთახი → room
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- - გასაღები → key
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- - სართული → floor
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- - საშხაპე → shower
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- **Explanation:** These five words form the core hotel vocabulary. სასტუმრო literally contains სტუმარი (guest), making it transparent: a place for guests.
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- :::
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-
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- ## What's Next
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- In Lesson 5, you will learn vocabulary for getting around — taxis, buses, and trains in Georgia.
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- `;
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- export {
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- n as default
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- };
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- //# sourceMappingURL=lesson-04-vbP_pH7H.js.map
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- {"version":3,"file":"lesson-04-vbP_pH7H.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-04.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-dialogue-lesson-04\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 4 — სასტუმროში (At a Hotel)\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Booking a room, checking in, and making requests at a Georgian hotel\\\"\\norder: 4\\nparentId: georgian-dialogue\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A2\\ncategories:\\n - dialogue\\n - travel\\n - hotel\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 35\\n prerequisites:\\n - georgian-dialogue-lesson-03\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-dia-04-check-in\\n description: \\\"Complete a hotel check-in conversation in Georgian\\\"\\n skill: situational-response\\n - id: obj-dia-04-room-requests\\n description: \\\"Make room requests and ask about hotel facilities\\\"\\n skill: polite-register\\n - id: obj-dia-04-hotel-vocab\\n description: \\\"Recognize and use core hotel vocabulary\\\"\\n skill: word-recognition\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 4 (Lesson 4) — At a Hotel\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nGeorgia has a rich tradition of hospitality, and its hotels range from centuries-old guesthouses in mountain villages to modern city hotels in Tbilisi and Batumi. Whether staying in a large hotel or a small family guesthouse (სახლი სასტუმრო, sakhli sastumo), the same core vocabulary will serve you well.\\n\\n## Hotel Vocabulary\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-dia-04-hotel\\\" title=\\\"Hotel Essentials\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"sastumo\\\" word=\\\"სასტუმრო\\\" pronunciation=\\\"sas-tum-ro\\\" meaning=\\\"hotel\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"otakhi\\\" word=\\\"ოთახი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"o-ta-khi\\\" meaning=\\\"room\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"datserili\\\" word=\\\"დაჯავშნული\\\" pronunciation=\\\"da-javsh-nu-li\\\" meaning=\\\"reserved / booked\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"chetineba\\\" word=\\\"ჩეკ-ინი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"chek-ini\\\" meaning=\\\"check-in\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gacetineba\\\" word=\\\"ჩეკ-აუთი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"chek-auti\\\" meaning=\\\"check-out\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gagheba\\\" word=\\\"გასაღები\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ga-sa-ghe-bi\\\" meaning=\\\"key\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"sartuliani\\\" word=\\\"სართული\\\" pronunciation=\\\"sar-tu-li\\\" meaning=\\\"floor / story\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Room Types and Requests\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-dia-04-rooms\\\" title=\\\"Room Types\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ertshibani\\\" word=\\\"ერთადგილიანი ოთახი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ert-ad-gi-li-a-ni o-ta-khi\\\" meaning=\\\"single room\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"orshibani\\\" word=\\\"ორადგილიანი ოთახი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"or-ad-gi-li-a-ni o-ta-khi\\\" meaning=\\\"double room\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"auzi\\\" word=\\\"საშხაპე\\\" pronunciation=\\\"sash-kha-pe\\\" meaning=\\\"shower\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"abanoi\\\" word=\\\"აბანო\\\" pronunciation=\\\"a-ba-no\\\" meaning=\\\"bath / bathroom\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ubani\\\" word=\\\"ბალკონი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"bal-ko-ni\\\" meaning=\\\"balcony\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"wifi-kartuli\\\" word=\\\"ინტერნეტი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"in-ter-ne-ti\\\" meaning=\\\"internet / WiFi\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Making Requests\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-dia-04-requests\\\" title=\\\"Hotel Requests\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"mashetit\\\" word=\\\"შეიძლება...?\\\" pronunciation=\\\"she-idz-le-ba\\\" meaning=\\\"Is it possible...? / May I...?\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"damexmaret\\\" word=\\\"დამეხმარეთ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"da-me-khma-ret\\\" meaning=\\\"Please help me\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"dachqnoba\\\" word=\\\"გამოწვევა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ga-mo-tsveva\\\" meaning=\\\"waking up / call (wake-up call)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"dahvaleba\\\" word=\\\"ლუგოჯი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ba-ra-mi\\\" meaning=\\\"luggage / baggage\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Sample Conversation\\n\\n**სტუმარი** (Guest): გამარჯობა. მე ოთახი დაჯავშნული მაქვს. სახელი — ჯონ სმიტი.\\n(ga-mar-jo-ba. me o-ta-khi da-javsh-nu-li maqvs. sa-khe-li — jon smi-ti.)\\n*Hello. I have a room reserved. Name — John Smith.*\\n\\n**ადმინისტრატორი** (Receptionist): გამარჯობა! კი, გვაქვს თქვენი დაჯავშნული ოთახი. ორადგილიანი, მესამე სართულზე.\\n(ga-mar-jo-ba! ki, gvaqvs tkveni da-javsh-nu-li o-ta-khi. or-ad-gi-li-a-ni, me-sa-me sar-tul-ze.)\\n*Hello! Yes, we have your reserved room. A double, on the third floor.*\\n\\n**სტუმარი**: კარგი. შეიძლება ბალკონიანი ოთახი?\\n(kar-gi. she-idz-le-ba bal-ko-ni-a-ni o-ta-khi?)\\n*Good. Is it possible to have a room with a balcony?*\\n\\n**ადმინისტრატორი**: ვნახოთ... დიახ, შეიძლება. ნომერი 312.\\n(vna-khot... di-akh, she-idz-le-ba. no-me-ri 312.)\\n*Let's see... Yes, it is possible. Room 312.*\\n\\n**სტუმარი**: გმადლობთ. WiFi გაქვთ?\\n(gma-dlobt. WiFi gaqvt?)\\n*Thank you. Do you have WiFi?*\\n\\n**ადმინისტრატორი**: კი, ინტერნეტი გაქვთ. პაროლი ამ ბარათზეა.\\n(ki, in-ter-ne-ti gaqvt. pa-ro-li am ba-rat-ze-a.)\\n*Yes, you have internet. The password is on this card.*\\n\\n**სტუმარი**: მადლობა. ოთახის გასაღები?\\n(mad-lo-ba. o-ta-khis ga-sa-ghe-bi?)\\n*Thank you. The room key?*\\n\\n**ადმინისტრატორი**: ბარაქალა. (**hands key**) სასიამოვნო დასვენება!\\n(ba-ra-qa-la. sa-si-a-mov-no das-ve-ne-ba!)\\n*Here you go. Have a pleasant stay!*\\n\\n## Useful Hotel Phrases\\n\\n| Georgian | Pronunciation | Meaning |\\n|----------|---------------|---------|\\n| ჩეკ-ინი საათი | chek-ini sa-a-ti | check-in time |\\n| ჩეკ-აუთი საათი | chek-auti sa-a-ti | check-out time |\\n| საუზმე შედის? | sau-zme she-dis | Is breakfast included? |\\n| ოთახის დასუფთავება | o-ta-khis da-sup-ta-ve-ba | room cleaning |\\n| ადგილი ავტომობილისთვის | ad-gi-li av-to-mo-bi-lis-tvis | parking space |\\n\\n## Cultural Note: Georgian Guesthouses\\n\\nBeyond hotels, Georgian travelers often stay in **სახლი სასტუმრო** (family guesthouses), especially in rural areas and mountain villages. These are family homes where a spare room is rented out. Hosts typically include a large home-cooked breakfast — sometimes three courses — as part of the price. This is one of the most authentic ways to experience Georgian hospitality.\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-dia-04-checkin-sequence\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Check-in Phrases\\\" skill=\\\"situational-response\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-dia-04-check-in\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Complete the guest's side of the check-in conversation\\n\\n1. Saying you have a reservation: მე ოთახი ___ მაქვს\\n2. Asking if a balcony room is possible: შეიძლება ___ ოთახი?\\n3. Asking for the room key: ოთახის ___?\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. დაჯავშნული\\n2. ბალკონიანი\\n3. გასაღები\\n\\n**Explanation:** დაჯავშნული means reserved/booked. ბალკონიანი is the adjective form of ბალკონი (balcony). გასაღები is the word for key — essential vocabulary for any accommodation.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-dia-04-request-form\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Making a Polite Request\\\" skill=\\\"polite-register\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-dia-04-room-requests\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** You want to ask if it is possible to change your room. Which phrase do you use to begin?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- მინდა!\\n- შეიძლება?\\n- სად არის?\\n- მომეცით\\n\\n**Answer:** 2\\n\\n**Explanation:** შეიძლება means \\\"is it possible?\\\" and is the standard polite opener for any request in Georgian. It is softer and more appropriate than მინდა (I want!) which sounds demanding. სად არის is for asking where something is. მომეცით is a direct imperative \\\"give me.\\\"\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-dia-04-hotel-vocab\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Hotel Vocabulary\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-dia-04-hotel-vocab\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian hotel word to its English meaning\\n\\n- სასტუმრო\\n- ოთახი\\n- გასაღები\\n- სართული\\n- საშხაპე\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- სასტუმრო → hotel\\n- ოთახი → room\\n- გასაღები → key\\n- სართული → floor\\n- საშხაპე → shower\\n\\n**Explanation:** These five words form the core hotel vocabulary. სასტუმრო literally contains სტუმარი (guest), making it transparent: a place for guests.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 5, you will learn vocabulary for getting around — taxis, buses, and trains in Georgia.\\n\""],"names":["lesson04"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}
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- const e = `---
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- type: lesson
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- id: georgian-alphabet-lesson-05
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- title: "გაკვეთილი 5 — Ejective Stops"
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- description: "Ejective stops ტ, კ, პ — Georgian's most distinctive consonants and the three-way stop contrast"
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- order: 5
7
- parentId: georgian-alphabet
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- difficulty: beginner
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- cefrLevel: A1
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- categories:
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- - consonants
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- - stops
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- - ejective
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- metadata:
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- estimatedTime: 25
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- prerequisites:
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- - georgian-alphabet-lesson-04
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- learningObjectives:
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- - id: obj-recognize-ejectives
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- description: "Recognize the ejective stop consonants ტ, კ, and პ"
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- skill: character-recognition
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- references: [tari, kani, pari]
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- - id: obj-ejective-sounds
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- description: "Produce the ejective stop sounds with a glottal closure"
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- skill: character-sound-mapping
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- references: [tari, kani, pari]
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- - id: obj-aspirated-vs-ejective
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- description: "Distinguish aspirated stops from ejective stops in Georgian"
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- skill: character-class-identification
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- references: [tari, kani, pari, tani, qani, phari]
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- ---
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-
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- # გაკვეთილი 5 (Lesson 5) — Ejective Stops
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-
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- ## Introduction
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-
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- Ejective consonants are the hallmark of Georgian phonology and one of the most fascinating sounds in any language. Found throughout the Caucasus region but rare in European languages, ejectives give Georgian its distinctive crisp, percussive quality. In this lesson, you will learn the three ejective stops and practice distinguishing them from the aspirated stops you learned in Lesson 4.
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-
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- ## Characters
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-
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- :::character-set{id="georgian-ejective-stops" title="Ejective Stops"}
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-
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- ::character{id="tari" canonicalRef="tari" char="ტ" name="ტ ტარი (Tari)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="stop" data:voicing="ejective" data:transliteration="t'" data:ipa="tʼ"}
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-
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- ::character{id="kani" canonicalRef="kani" char="კ" name="კ კანი (Kani)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="stop" data:voicing="ejective" data:transliteration="k'" data:ipa="kʼ"}
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-
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- ::character{id="pari" canonicalRef="pari" char="პ" name="პ პარი (Pari)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="stop" data:voicing="ejective" data:transliteration="p'" data:ipa="pʼ"}
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-
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- :::
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-
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- ## What Are Ejective Consonants?
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-
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- Ejectives are produced using a fundamentally different mechanism than most consonants:
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-
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- 1. **Close the glottis** (the space between your vocal cords, in your throat)
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- 2. **Close the mouth** at the appropriate position (lips for პ, tongue tip for ტ, back tongue for კ)
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- 3. **Raise the larynx** (Adam's apple moves up), compressing the air trapped between the two closures
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- 4. **Release the mouth closure** -- the compressed air pops out with a sharp, crisp sound
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- 5. **No airflow from lungs** -- unlike aspirated sounds, no air rushes through
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-
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- The result is a short, sharp, percussive sound with no breathiness. It sounds like a quiet "pop" or "click" compared to the breathy release of aspirated stops.
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-
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- ## The Three Ejective Stops
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-
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- | Letter | Name | IPA | Transliteration | Place of Articulation |
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- |--------|------|-----|-----------------|-----------------------|
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- | ტ | ტარი (Tari) | /tʼ/ | t' | Alveolar (tongue tip behind teeth) |
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- | კ | კანი (Kani) | /kʼ/ | k' | Velar (back of tongue) |
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- | პ | პარი (Pari) | /pʼ/ | p' | Bilabial (both lips) |
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-
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- The apostrophe in the transliteration (t', k', p') is the standard way to mark ejectives in linguistic notation.
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-
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- ## How to Produce Ejectives
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-
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- Try this exercise to feel the glottal closure:
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-
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- 1. Say "uh-oh" -- the break between "uh" and "oh" is a glottal stop
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- 2. Now hold that closed-throat feeling
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- 3. With your throat closed, press your lips together (for პ)
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- 4. Push your throat upward slightly, then pop your lips open
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- 5. You should hear a crisp pop with no air following it
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-
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- Compare this with ფ (aspirated): say "pot" and feel the air puff. Then say პ with no air at all -- just a pop.
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-
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- ## The Complete Three-Way System
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-
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- Now you can see the full picture of Georgian stop consonants:
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-
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- | Place | Voiced | Aspirated | Ejective |
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- |-------|--------|-----------|----------|
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- | Bilabial (lips) | ბ /b/ | ფ /pʰ/ | **პ /pʼ/** |
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- | Alveolar (tongue tip) | დ /d/ | თ /tʰ/ | **ტ /tʼ/** |
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- | Velar (back tongue) | გ /ɡ/ | ქ /kʰ/ | **კ /kʼ/** |
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-
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- Each row shares the same **place** of articulation (where in the mouth the closure happens). Each column shares the same **manner** (how the sound is released):
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-
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- - **Voiced**: Vocal cords vibrate during the closure
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- - **Aspirated**: Voiceless with a puff of air after release
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- - **Ejective**: Voiceless with glottal compression, no air puff
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-
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- This three-way distinction is one of the defining features of South Caucasian (Kartvelian) languages.
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-
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- ## Minimal Pairs: Aspirated vs. Ejective
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-
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- These word pairs differ only in whether the stop is aspirated or ejective:
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-
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- | Aspirated | Meaning | Ejective | Meaning |
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- |-----------|---------|----------|---------|
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- | **თ**ავი /tʰavi/ | head | **ტ**ანი /tʼani/ | body |
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- | **ქ**არი /kʰari/ | wind | **კ**არი /kʼari/ | door |
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- | **ფ**ული /pʰuli/ | money | **პ**ური /pʼuri/ | bread |
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-
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- Listen carefully to the difference: the aspirated versions have a breathy release (like English), while the ejective versions have a sharp pop with no breath.
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-
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- ## Words with Ejective Stops
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-
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- | Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
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- |------|--------------|---------|
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- | კარი | kʼa-ri | door |
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- | ტანი | tʼa-ni | body |
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- | პური | pʼu-ri | bread |
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- | კალამი | kʼa-la-mi | pen |
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- | პირი | pʼi-ri | mouth; face |
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- | ტალი | tʼa-li | a type of elm tree |
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-
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- **პური** (p'uri, "bread") is an essential Georgian word. Georgian bread, especially **შოთი** (shoti) baked in a traditional clay oven called a **თონე** (tone), is central to Georgian culture and cuisine.
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-
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- ## Recognizing the Shapes
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-
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- Compare aspirated and ejective characters -- they look completely different despite representing related sounds:
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-
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- | Aspirated | Ejective | Sound Pair |
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- |-----------|----------|------------|
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- | თ | ტ | t-sounds |
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- | ქ | კ | k-sounds |
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- | ფ | პ | p-sounds |
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-
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- Unlike some writing systems where related sounds have similar-looking letters, Georgian gives each consonant a unique shape. You must learn each character independently.
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-
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- ## Key Points
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-
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- 1. **Ejectives use glottal compression**: Close throat, seal mouth, push up, pop open
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- 2. **No air puff**: The key difference from aspirated stops -- ejectives are crisp and dry
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- 3. **Three-way system**: Voiced (ბ, დ, გ) vs. aspirated (თ, ქ, ფ) vs. ejective (ტ, კ, პ)
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- 4. **Minimal pairs**: თავი/ტანი, ქარი/კარი, ფული/პური -- the distinction changes meaning
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- 5. **Unique to Caucasian languages**: Rare in Europe, common in Georgian, Chechen, and other Caucasian languages
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- 6. **Apostrophe notation**: Ejectives are written t', k', p' in transliteration
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-
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- ## Practice Exercises
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-
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- :::exercise{id="ka-05-recognition" type="matching" title="Identify Ejective Stops" skill="character-recognition" tests="tari,kani,pari" objectiveId="obj-recognize-ejectives"}
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-
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- **Question:** Match each Georgian ejective stop to its name and sound
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-
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- - ტ
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- - კ
157
- - პ
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-
159
- **Answer:**
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-
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- - ტ = Tari /tʼ/ (ejective "t", tongue behind teeth)
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- - კ = Kani /kʼ/ (ejective "k", back of tongue)
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- - პ = Pari /pʼ/ (ejective "p", both lips)
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-
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- **Explanation:** These three ejective stops are produced with glottal compression rather than lung air. They form the third column of Georgian's three-way stop system alongside voiced and aspirated stops.
166
-
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- :::
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-
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- :::exercise{id="ka-05-sounds" type="fill-in-blank" title="Ejective Sound Production" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="tari,kani,pari" objectiveId="obj-ejective-sounds"}
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-
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- **Question:** Describe how to produce each ejective sound. What makes ejectives different from aspirated stops?
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-
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- - ტ is produced by ___
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- - კ is produced by ___
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- - პ is produced by ___
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-
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- **Answer:**
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-
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- - ტ /tʼ/ is produced by closing the glottis, placing the tongue tip behind the teeth, raising the larynx, and popping the tongue open with no air puff
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- - კ /kʼ/ is produced by closing the glottis, raising the back of the tongue to the velum, raising the larynx, and releasing with no air puff
181
- - პ /pʼ/ is produced by closing the glottis, pressing the lips together, raising the larynx, and popping the lips open with no air puff
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-
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- **Explanation:** All three ejectives share the same mechanism: glottal closure traps air in the mouth, the larynx pushes up to compress it, and the mouth releases with a crisp pop. The difference from aspirated stops is the absence of lung airflow -- no breathy puff follows the release.
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-
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- :::
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-
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- :::exercise{id="ka-05-contrast" type="matching" title="Aspirated vs. Ejective Contrast" skill="character-class-identification" tests="tani,qani,phari,tari,kani,pari" objectiveId="obj-aspirated-vs-ejective"}
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-
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- **Question:** Sort these Georgian stops into their correct category: aspirated or ejective
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-
191
- - თ
192
- - ტ
193
- - ქ
194
- - კ
195
- - ფ
196
- - პ
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-
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- **Answer:**
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- - **Aspirated** (voiceless, puff of air): თ /tʰ/, ქ /kʰ/, ფ /pʰ/
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- - **Ejective** (glottal compression, no air): ტ /tʼ/, კ /kʼ/, პ /pʼ/
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- **Explanation:** The aspirated stops (თ, ქ, ფ) are produced with lung air and a breathy release, similar to English "t", "k", "p" at the start of words. The ejective stops (ტ, კ, პ) are produced with glottal compression and a sharp pop. Remember the minimal pairs: ქარი (wind) vs. კარი (door), ფული (money) vs. პური (bread), თავი (head) vs. ტანი (body).
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- :::
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- ## What's Next
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- You have now learned 17 of Georgia's 33 characters, including the complete vowel system and the foundational consonant categories. Future lessons will introduce the remaining consonants: voiced stops (ბ, გ, დ), additional fricatives (ზ, შ, ხ, ჟ, ღ), affricates (ც, ძ, ჩ, ჭ, წ, ჯ), and the glottal consonant ჰ.
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- //# sourceMappingURL=lesson-05-5ITBa2Ia.js.map
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- {"version":3,"file":"lesson-05-5ITBa2Ia.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-05.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-05\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 5 — Ejective Stops\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Ejective stops ტ, კ, პ — Georgian's most distinctive consonants and the three-way stop contrast\\\"\\norder: 5\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n - consonants\\n - stops\\n - ejective\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 25\\n prerequisites:\\n - georgian-alphabet-lesson-04\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-recognize-ejectives\\n description: \\\"Recognize the ejective stop consonants ტ, კ, and პ\\\"\\n skill: character-recognition\\n references: [tari, kani, pari]\\n - id: obj-ejective-sounds\\n description: \\\"Produce the ejective stop sounds with a glottal closure\\\"\\n skill: character-sound-mapping\\n references: [tari, kani, pari]\\n - id: obj-aspirated-vs-ejective\\n description: \\\"Distinguish aspirated stops from ejective stops in Georgian\\\"\\n skill: character-class-identification\\n references: [tari, kani, pari, tani, qani, phari]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 5 (Lesson 5) — Ejective Stops\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nEjective consonants are the hallmark of Georgian phonology and one of the most fascinating sounds in any language. Found throughout the Caucasus region but rare in European languages, ejectives give Georgian its distinctive crisp, percussive quality. In this lesson, you will learn the three ejective stops and practice distinguishing them from the aspirated stops you learned in Lesson 4.\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-ejective-stops\\\" title=\\\"Ejective Stops\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"tari\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"tari\\\" char=\\\"ტ\\\" name=\\\"ტ ტარი (Tari)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"stop\\\" data:voicing=\\\"ejective\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"t'\\\" data:ipa=\\\"tʼ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"kani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"kani\\\" char=\\\"კ\\\" name=\\\"კ კანი (Kani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"stop\\\" data:voicing=\\\"ejective\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"k'\\\" data:ipa=\\\"kʼ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"pari\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"pari\\\" char=\\\"პ\\\" name=\\\"პ პარი (Pari)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"stop\\\" data:voicing=\\\"ejective\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"p'\\\" data:ipa=\\\"pʼ\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What Are Ejective Consonants?\\n\\nEjectives are produced using a fundamentally different mechanism than most consonants:\\n\\n1. **Close the glottis** (the space between your vocal cords, in your throat)\\n2. **Close the mouth** at the appropriate position (lips for პ, tongue tip for ტ, back tongue for კ)\\n3. **Raise the larynx** (Adam's apple moves up), compressing the air trapped between the two closures\\n4. **Release the mouth closure** -- the compressed air pops out with a sharp, crisp sound\\n5. **No airflow from lungs** -- unlike aspirated sounds, no air rushes through\\n\\nThe result is a short, sharp, percussive sound with no breathiness. It sounds like a quiet \\\"pop\\\" or \\\"click\\\" compared to the breathy release of aspirated stops.\\n\\n## The Three Ejective Stops\\n\\n| Letter | Name | IPA | Transliteration | Place of Articulation |\\n|--------|------|-----|-----------------|-----------------------|\\n| ტ | ტარი (Tari) | /tʼ/ | t' | Alveolar (tongue tip behind teeth) |\\n| კ | კანი (Kani) | /kʼ/ | k' | Velar (back of tongue) |\\n| პ | პარი (Pari) | /pʼ/ | p' | Bilabial (both lips) |\\n\\nThe apostrophe in the transliteration (t', k', p') is the standard way to mark ejectives in linguistic notation.\\n\\n## How to Produce Ejectives\\n\\nTry this exercise to feel the glottal closure:\\n\\n1. Say \\\"uh-oh\\\" -- the break between \\\"uh\\\" and \\\"oh\\\" is a glottal stop\\n2. Now hold that closed-throat feeling\\n3. With your throat closed, press your lips together (for პ)\\n4. Push your throat upward slightly, then pop your lips open\\n5. You should hear a crisp pop with no air following it\\n\\nCompare this with ფ (aspirated): say \\\"pot\\\" and feel the air puff. Then say პ with no air at all -- just a pop.\\n\\n## The Complete Three-Way System\\n\\nNow you can see the full picture of Georgian stop consonants:\\n\\n| Place | Voiced | Aspirated | Ejective |\\n|-------|--------|-----------|----------|\\n| Bilabial (lips) | ბ /b/ | ფ /pʰ/ | **პ /pʼ/** |\\n| Alveolar (tongue tip) | დ /d/ | თ /tʰ/ | **ტ /tʼ/** |\\n| Velar (back tongue) | გ /ɡ/ | ქ /kʰ/ | **კ /kʼ/** |\\n\\nEach row shares the same **place** of articulation (where in the mouth the closure happens). Each column shares the same **manner** (how the sound is released):\\n\\n- **Voiced**: Vocal cords vibrate during the closure\\n- **Aspirated**: Voiceless with a puff of air after release\\n- **Ejective**: Voiceless with glottal compression, no air puff\\n\\nThis three-way distinction is one of the defining features of South Caucasian (Kartvelian) languages.\\n\\n## Minimal Pairs: Aspirated vs. Ejective\\n\\nThese word pairs differ only in whether the stop is aspirated or ejective:\\n\\n| Aspirated | Meaning | Ejective | Meaning |\\n|-----------|---------|----------|---------|\\n| **თ**ავი /tʰavi/ | head | **ტ**ანი /tʼani/ | body |\\n| **ქ**არი /kʰari/ | wind | **კ**არი /kʼari/ | door |\\n| **ფ**ული /pʰuli/ | money | **პ**ური /pʼuri/ | bread |\\n\\nListen carefully to the difference: the aspirated versions have a breathy release (like English), while the ejective versions have a sharp pop with no breath.\\n\\n## Words with Ejective Stops\\n\\n| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |\\n|------|--------------|---------|\\n| კარი | kʼa-ri | door |\\n| ტანი | tʼa-ni | body |\\n| პური | pʼu-ri | bread |\\n| კალამი | kʼa-la-mi | pen |\\n| პირი | pʼi-ri | mouth; face |\\n| ტალი | tʼa-li | a type of elm tree |\\n\\n**პური** (p'uri, \\\"bread\\\") is an essential Georgian word. Georgian bread, especially **შოთი** (shoti) baked in a traditional clay oven called a **თონე** (tone), is central to Georgian culture and cuisine.\\n\\n## Recognizing the Shapes\\n\\nCompare aspirated and ejective characters -- they look completely different despite representing related sounds:\\n\\n| Aspirated | Ejective | Sound Pair |\\n|-----------|----------|------------|\\n| თ | ტ | t-sounds |\\n| ქ | კ | k-sounds |\\n| ფ | პ | p-sounds |\\n\\nUnlike some writing systems where related sounds have similar-looking letters, Georgian gives each consonant a unique shape. You must learn each character independently.\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **Ejectives use glottal compression**: Close throat, seal mouth, push up, pop open\\n2. **No air puff**: The key difference from aspirated stops -- ejectives are crisp and dry\\n3. **Three-way system**: Voiced (ბ, დ, გ) vs. aspirated (თ, ქ, ფ) vs. ejective (ტ, კ, პ)\\n4. **Minimal pairs**: თავი/ტანი, ქარი/კარი, ფული/პური -- the distinction changes meaning\\n5. **Unique to Caucasian languages**: Rare in Europe, common in Georgian, Chechen, and other Caucasian languages\\n6. **Apostrophe notation**: Ejectives are written t', k', p' in transliteration\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-05-recognition\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Identify Ejective Stops\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"tari,kani,pari\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-recognize-ejectives\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian ejective stop to its name and sound\\n\\n- ტ\\n- კ\\n- პ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ტ = Tari /tʼ/ (ejective \\\"t\\\", tongue behind teeth)\\n- კ = Kani /kʼ/ (ejective \\\"k\\\", back of tongue)\\n- პ = Pari /pʼ/ (ejective \\\"p\\\", both lips)\\n\\n**Explanation:** These three ejective stops are produced with glottal compression rather than lung air. They form the third column of Georgian's three-way stop system alongside voiced and aspirated stops.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-05-sounds\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Ejective Sound Production\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"tari,kani,pari\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-ejective-sounds\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Describe how to produce each ejective sound. What makes ejectives different from aspirated stops?\\n\\n- ტ is produced by ___\\n- კ is produced by ___\\n- პ is produced by ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ტ /tʼ/ is produced by closing the glottis, placing the tongue tip behind the teeth, raising the larynx, and popping the tongue open with no air puff\\n- კ /kʼ/ is produced by closing the glottis, raising the back of the tongue to the velum, raising the larynx, and releasing with no air puff\\n- პ /pʼ/ is produced by closing the glottis, pressing the lips together, raising the larynx, and popping the lips open with no air puff\\n\\n**Explanation:** All three ejectives share the same mechanism: glottal closure traps air in the mouth, the larynx pushes up to compress it, and the mouth releases with a crisp pop. The difference from aspirated stops is the absence of lung airflow -- no breathy puff follows the release.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-05-contrast\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Aspirated vs. Ejective Contrast\\\" skill=\\\"character-class-identification\\\" tests=\\\"tani,qani,phari,tari,kani,pari\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-aspirated-vs-ejective\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Sort these Georgian stops into their correct category: aspirated or ejective\\n\\n- თ\\n- ტ\\n- ქ\\n- კ\\n- ფ\\n- პ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- **Aspirated** (voiceless, puff of air): თ /tʰ/, ქ /kʰ/, ფ /pʰ/\\n- **Ejective** (glottal compression, no air): ტ /tʼ/, კ /kʼ/, პ /pʼ/\\n\\n**Explanation:** The aspirated stops (თ, ქ, ფ) are produced with lung air and a breathy release, similar to English \\\"t\\\", \\\"k\\\", \\\"p\\\" at the start of words. The ejective stops (ტ, კ, პ) are produced with glottal compression and a sharp pop. Remember the minimal pairs: ქარი (wind) vs. კარი (door), ფული (money) vs. პური (bread), თავი (head) vs. ტანი (body).\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nYou have now learned 17 of Georgia's 33 characters, including the complete vowel system and the foundational consonant categories. Future lessons will introduce the remaining consonants: voiced stops (ბ, გ, დ), additional fricatives (ზ, შ, ხ, ჟ, ღ), affricates (ც, ძ, ჩ, ჭ, წ, ჯ), and the glottal consonant ჰ.\\n\""],"names":["lesson05"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}