@syllst/ka 0.2.0

package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-10.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: georgian-alphabet-lesson-10
+title: "გაკვეთილი 10 — ეჟექტიური აფრიკატები და სრული მიმოხილვა"
+description: "Ejective Affricates & Full Review: წ ჭ ყ — Complete the alphabet with ejective affricates and the uvular ejective, then review all 33 characters"
+order: 10
+parentId: georgian-alphabet
+difficulty: intermediate
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - consonants
+  - ejectives
+  - affricates
+  - review
+  - advanced-characters
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 35
+  prerequisites:
+    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-09
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-ejective-affricate-recognition
+      description: "Recognize the ejective affricates წ ჭ and the uvular ejective ყ"
+      skill: character-recognition
+      references: [tsili, chari, qari]
+    - id: obj-ejective-contrast
+      description: "Distinguish ejective consonants from their voiced and aspirated counterparts"
+      skill: character-sound-mapping
+      references: [tsili, chari, qari]
+    - id: obj-full-alphabet-review
+      description: "Identify all 33 characters of the modern Georgian Mkhedruli alphabet"
+      skill: character-recognition
+    - id: obj-complete-word-reading
+      description: "Read words using the complete Georgian alphabet"
+      skill: word-recognition
+      references: [tsili, chari, qari]
+---
+
+# გაკვეთილი 10 (Lesson 10) — Ejective Affricates & Full Review
+
+## Introduction
+
+Congratulations! This lesson completes your journey through all **33 letters** of the modern Georgian Mkhedruli alphabet. You will learn three final consonants: the ejective affricates **წ** and **ჭ**, plus the uvular ejective stop **ყ**. These sounds are among the most distinctive features of Georgian phonology.
+
+## What Are Ejectives?
+
+Ejective consonants are produced with a unique mechanism:
+
+1. The glottis (vocal cords) closes completely
+2. The tongue or lips form a closure at another point in the mouth
+3. The larynx rises, compressing the air between the two closures
+4. Both closures release simultaneously, creating a sharp, popping sound
+
+Ejectives have **no voicing** and **no aspiration**. They sound crisp, abrupt, and intense. There is no equivalent in English or most European languages, but they are common in Caucasian, African, and indigenous American languages.
+
+## Characters
+
+:::character-set{id="georgian-ejective-affricates" title="Ejective Affricates & Uvular Ejective"}
+
+::character{id="tsili" canonicalRef="tsili" char="წ" name="წ წილი (Tsili)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="affricate" data:voicing="ejective" data:transliteration="ts'" data:ipa="t͡sʼ"}
+
+::character{id="chari" canonicalRef="chari" char="ჭ" name="ჭ ჭარი (Chari)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="affricate" data:voicing="ejective" data:transliteration="ch'" data:ipa="t͡ʃʼ"}
+
+::character{id="qari" canonicalRef="qari" char="ყ" name="ყ ყარი (Qari)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="stop" data:voicing="ejective" data:transliteration="q'" data:ipa="qʼ"}
+
+:::
+
+## Pronunciation Guide
+
+### წ (Tsili) - /tsʼ/
+
+This is an **ejective alveolar affricate**. It sounds like "ts" in "cats" but with glottalic airflow instead of pulmonary air. To practice:
+
+1. Say "ts" (as in "cats")
+2. Now try to produce it without any air from your lungs
+3. Close your glottis, build pressure, and release both closures at once
+4. The result should sound sharp and clipped, with no aspiration
+
+Compare the three alveolar affricates:
+- ძ /dz/ — voiced, with throat vibration
+- ც /tsʰ/ — aspirated, with a puff of air
+- **წ /tsʼ/** — ejective, sharp and clipped
+
+### ჭ (Chari) - /tʃʼ/
+
+This is an **ejective postalveolar affricate**. It sounds like "ch" in "church" but produced with the same ejective mechanism as წ. Compare:
+- ჯ /dʒ/ — voiced "j" sound
+- ჩ /tʃʰ/ — aspirated "ch" sound
+- **ჭ /tʃʼ/** — ejective "ch" sound, sharp and abrupt
+
+### ყ (Qari) - /qʼ/
+
+This is an **ejective uvular stop**, perhaps the most exotic sound in the Georgian alphabet. It is produced even further back than კ (velar ejective):
+
+- კ /kʼ/ — ejective at the **velum** (soft palate)
+- **ყ /qʼ/** — ejective at the **uvula** (even further back)
+
+To produce ყ, the back of the tongue contacts the uvula while the glottis closes. The simultaneous release creates a deep, abrupt pop. This sound is common in Arabic (as the letter ق) and in many Caucasian languages.
+
+## The Complete Three-Way System
+
+With these final consonants, the full Georgian three-way contrast system is complete:
+
+### Stops
+
+| Place | Voiced | Aspirated | Ejective |
+|-------|--------|-----------|----------|
+| Labial | ბ /b/ | ფ /pʰ/ | პ /pʼ/ |
+| Dental | დ /d/ | თ /tʰ/ | ტ /tʼ/ |
+| Velar | გ /g/ | ქ /kʰ/ | კ /kʼ/ |
+| Uvular | — | — | **ყ /qʼ/** |
+
+### Affricates
+
+| Place | Voiced | Aspirated | Ejective |
+|-------|--------|-----------|----------|
+| Alveolar | ძ /dz/ | ც /tsʰ/ | **წ /tsʼ/** |
+| Postalveolar | ჯ /dʒ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ | **ჭ /tʃʼ/** |
+
+## Practice Words
+
+| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |
+|------|----------------|---------|-------|
+| წელი | ts'eli | year | Common word with ejective წ |
+| ჭამა | ch'ama | eating | Everyday word, ejective ჭ |
+| ყავა | q'ava | coffee | Georgia's beloved coffee, ejective ყ |
+
+## Georgia and Coffee
+
+The word **ყავა** (q'ava, coffee) provides an excellent practice word for the uvular ejective. Georgian coffee culture is deeply rooted, and the strong, rich Turkish-style coffee served throughout the country mirrors the intensity of the ყ sound itself.
+
+## The Complete 33-Letter Alphabet
+
+Here are all 33 letters of the modern Mkhedruli alphabet in traditional order:
+
+**ა ბ გ დ ე ვ ზ თ ი კ ლ მ ნ ო პ ჟ რ ს ტ უ ფ ქ ღ ყ შ ჩ ც ძ წ ჭ ხ ჯ ჰ**
+
+### By Category:
+
+**Vowels (5):**
+ა /ɑ/, ე /ɛ/, ი /i/, ო /ɔ/, უ /u/
+
+**Stops — Voiced:**
+ბ /b/, გ /g/, დ /d/
+
+**Stops — Aspirated:**
+თ /tʰ/, ფ /pʰ/, ქ /kʰ/
+
+**Stops — Ejective:**
+კ /kʼ/, პ /pʼ/, ტ /tʼ/, ყ /qʼ/
+
+**Affricates — Voiced:**
+ძ /dz/, ჯ /dʒ/
+
+**Affricates — Aspirated:**
+ც /tsʰ/, ჩ /tʃʰ/
+
+**Affricates — Ejective:**
+წ /tsʼ/, ჭ /tʃʼ/
+
+**Fricatives — Voiceless:**
+ს /s/, შ /ʃ/, ხ /x/, ჰ /h/
+
+**Fricatives — Voiced:**
+ზ /z/, ჟ /ʒ/, ღ /ɣ/
+
+**Sonorants:**
+ვ /v/, ლ /l/, მ /m/, ნ /n/, რ /r/
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **Ejectives use glottalic air**: No voicing, no aspiration, just a sharp pop
+2. **ყ is uvular**: Produced even further back than the velar ejective კ
+3. **Three-way system is complete**: Every stop and affricate position has voiced/aspirated/ejective variants
+4. **33 letters total**: 5 vowels, 28 consonants in the modern Mkhedruli script
+5. **Practice with real words**: წელი (year), ჭამა (eating), ყავა (coffee)
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="ejective-recognition-10" type="matching" title="Ejective Affricate Recognition" skill="character-recognition" tests="tsili,chari,qari" objectiveId="obj-ejective-affricate-recognition"}
+
+**Question:** Match each ejective consonant to its transliteration and description
+
+- წ
+- ჭ
+- ყ
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ts' /tsʼ/ (Tsili) - ejective alveolar affricate
+- ch' /tʃʼ/ (Chari) - ejective postalveolar affricate
+- q' /qʼ/ (Qari) - ejective uvular stop
+
+**Explanation:** These three consonants are all ejectives, produced with glottalic airflow rather than pulmonary air. წ and ჭ are affricates (stop + fricative release), while ყ is a pure stop at the uvular position.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ejective-contrast-10" type="multiple-choice" title="Ejective vs Aspirated vs Voiced" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="tsili,chari,qari" objectiveId="obj-ejective-contrast"}
+
+**Question:** What distinguishes an ejective consonant (like წ, ჭ, ყ) from an aspirated consonant (like ც, ჩ, ქ)?
+
+**Options:**
+- Ejectives are louder than aspirated consonants
+- Ejectives use glottalic airflow (glottis closure) while aspirated consonants use pulmonary air with a puff
+- Ejectives are voiced while aspirated consonants are voiceless
+- Ejectives are produced at the back of the mouth while aspirated consonants are at the front
+
+**Answer:** 2
+
+**Explanation:** The key distinction is the airstream mechanism. Ejectives close the glottis and use the rising larynx to compress air, producing a sharp, clipped sound. Aspirated consonants use normal lung air followed by a noticeable puff. Neither type involves vocal cord vibration (voicing).
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="full-alphabet-review-10" type="matching" title="Full Alphabet Review" skill="character-recognition" objectiveId="obj-full-alphabet-review"}
+
+**Question:** Classify each consonant by its manner of articulation
+
+- პ, ტ, კ, ყ
+- წ, ჭ
+- ბ, გ, დ
+- ს, შ, ხ, ჰ
+- ზ, ჟ, ღ
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- Ejective stops: პ /pʼ/, ტ /tʼ/, კ /kʼ/, ყ /qʼ/
+- Ejective affricates: წ /tsʼ/, ჭ /tʃʼ/
+- Voiced stops: ბ /b/, გ /g/, დ /d/
+- Voiceless fricatives: ს /s/, შ /ʃ/, ხ /x/, ჰ /h/
+- Voiced fricatives: ზ /z/, ჟ /ʒ/, ღ /ɣ/
+
+**Explanation:** Georgian consonants are organized by manner of articulation (how they are produced) and voicing. The three-way stop/affricate system (voiced/aspirated/ejective) is the defining feature of Georgian phonology. Fricatives follow a simpler voiced/voiceless distinction.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="complete-word-reading-10" type="fill-in-blank" title="Complete Word Reading" skill="word-recognition" tests="tsili,chari,qari" objectiveId="obj-complete-word-reading"}
+
+**Question:** Read each word, identify the ejective consonant, and give its meaning
+
+- წელი
+- ჭამა
+- ყავა
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- წელი (ts'eli) - year; წ is an ejective alveolar affricate /tsʼ/
+- ჭამა (ch'ama) - eating; ჭ is an ejective postalveolar affricate /tʃʼ/
+- ყავა (q'ava) - coffee; ყ is an ejective uvular stop /qʼ/
+
+**Explanation:** These three words showcase Georgian ejective consonants in everyday vocabulary. Practice producing each ejective with a sharp, clipped quality and no aspiration. The word ყავა (coffee) is especially useful since it contains both the challenging ყ and common vowels.
+
+:::
+
+## Congratulations!
+
+You have now learned all **33 letters** of the modern Georgian Mkhedruli alphabet. This is a significant achievement! The Georgian script is one of the world's 14 unique alphabets and has been recognized by UNESCO as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
+
+## What's Next
+
+Continue practicing character recognition and pronunciation with real Georgian texts. Focus on:
+- Distinguishing the three-way contrasts (voiced/aspirated/ejective)
+- Reading common words without transliteration
+- Building speed in letter recognition