@syllst/ka 0.2.0
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- package/dist/index-D9QQnpu5.js +78 -0
- package/dist/index-D9QQnpu5.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/index.d.ts +80 -0
- package/dist/index.js +16 -0
- package/dist/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-Dx39ahX1.js +191 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-Dx39ahX1.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-02-BTmLITxi.js +193 -0
- package/dist/lesson-02-BTmLITxi.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-03-DORvGZm9.js +186 -0
- package/dist/lesson-03-DORvGZm9.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-04-BG5oG78h.js +191 -0
- package/dist/lesson-04-BG5oG78h.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-05-5ITBa2Ia.js +214 -0
- package/dist/lesson-05-5ITBa2Ia.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-06-DcGxfTbB.js +177 -0
- package/dist/lesson-06-DcGxfTbB.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-07-CoWJuUIC.js +189 -0
- package/dist/lesson-07-CoWJuUIC.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-08-dU_y8sh9.js +191 -0
- package/dist/lesson-08-dU_y8sh9.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-09-DDDgHvWa.js +190 -0
- package/dist/lesson-09-DDDgHvWa.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-10-BxDf0Pp3.js +267 -0
- package/dist/lesson-10-BxDf0Pp3.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.d.ts +7 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.js +9 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/package.json +59 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +186 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +188 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +181 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +186 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +209 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +172 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-07.mdx +184 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-08.mdx +186 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-09.mdx +185 -0
- package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-10.mdx +262 -0
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function a(n, r) {
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return {
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config: n,
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async loadLesson(e) {
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if (e < 1 || e > n.lessonCount)
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throw new Error(`Lesson ${e} not found. Valid range: 1-${n.lessonCount}`);
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const t = await r(e);
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return {
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number: e,
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rawContent: t.default
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};
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},
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async loadAllLessons() {
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const e = [];
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for (let t = 1; t <= n.lessonCount; t++)
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e.push(await this.loadLesson(t));
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return e;
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},
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getAvailableLessons() {
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return Array.from({ length: n.lessonCount }, (e, t) => t + 1);
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}
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};
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}
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const s = {
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id: "ka-alphabet",
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title: "ქართული ანბანი (Georgian Alphabet)",
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description: "Learn the Georgian Mkhedruli script - vowels and consonants",
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language: "ka",
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locale: "ka-GE",
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lessonCount: 10,
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difficulty: "beginner",
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cefrLevel: "A1",
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icon: "alphabet",
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version: "0.1.0"
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};
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async function l(n) {
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switch (n) {
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case 1:
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return import("./lesson-01-Dx39ahX1.js");
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case 2:
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return import("./lesson-02-BTmLITxi.js");
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case 3:
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return import("./lesson-03-DORvGZm9.js");
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case 4:
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return import("./lesson-04-BG5oG78h.js");
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case 5:
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return import("./lesson-05-5ITBa2Ia.js");
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case 6:
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return import("./lesson-06-DcGxfTbB.js");
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case 7:
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return import("./lesson-07-CoWJuUIC.js");
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case 8:
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return import("./lesson-08-dU_y8sh9.js");
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case 9:
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return import("./lesson-09-DDDgHvWa.js");
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case 10:
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return import("./lesson-10-BxDf0Pp3.js");
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default:
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throw new Error(`Lesson ${n} not found`);
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}
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}
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const o = a(s, l), i = o.loadLesson.bind(o), c = o.loadAllLessons.bind(o), u = o.getAvailableLessons.bind(o), d = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze(/* @__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty({
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__proto__: null,
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config: s,
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getAvailableLessons: u,
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loadAllLessons: c,
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loadLesson: i,
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loader: o
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}, Symbol.toStringTag, { value: "Module" }));
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export {
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c as a,
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i as b,
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s as c,
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u as g,
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d as i,
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o as l
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};
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//# sourceMappingURL=index-D9QQnpu5.js.map
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{"version":3,"file":"index-D9QQnpu5.js","sources":["../src/shared.ts","../src/syllabi/alphabet/index.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * Shared types and utilities for SYLLST content\n * (Inlined from @syllst/content-shared to make package self-contained)\n */\n\n/**\n * CEFR language proficiency levels\n */\nexport type CEFRLevel = 'A1' | 'A2' | 'B1' | 'B2' | 'C1' | 'C2';\n\n/**\n * Difficulty levels\n */\nexport type Difficulty = 'beginner' | 'intermediate' | 'advanced';\n\n/**\n * Icon types for syllabi\n */\nexport type SyllabusIcon =\n | 'alphabet'\n | 'dialogue'\n | 'vocabulary'\n | 'grammar'\n | 'reading'\n | 'numbers'\n | 'food'\n | 'travel';\n\n/**\n * Configuration for a syllabus content package\n */\nexport interface SyllabusConfig {\n /** Unique syllabus ID (e.g., \"ka-alphabet\") */\n id: string;\n /** Display title */\n title: string;\n /** Description */\n description: string;\n /** Language code (ISO 639-1) */\n language: string;\n /** Locale code (e.g., \"ka-GE\") */\n locale: string;\n /** Number of lessons */\n lessonCount: number;\n /** Difficulty level */\n difficulty: Difficulty;\n /** CEFR level */\n cefrLevel: CEFRLevel;\n /** Icon for display */\n icon?: SyllabusIcon;\n /** Package version */\n version: string;\n}\n\n/**\n * Result of loading a lesson\n */\nexport interface LoadedLesson {\n /** Lesson number (1-indexed) */\n number: number;\n /** Raw MDX content */\n rawContent: string;\n}\n\n/**\n * Content loader interface\n */\nexport interface ContentLoader {\n /** Syllabus configuration */\n config: SyllabusConfig;\n /** Load a single lesson by number */\n loadLesson(lessonNumber: number): Promise<LoadedLesson>;\n /** Load all lessons */\n loadAllLessons(): Promise<LoadedLesson[]>;\n /** Get list of available lesson numbers */\n getAvailableLessons(): number[];\n}\n\n/**\n * Create a content loader from config and lesson loader function\n */\nexport function createContentLoader(\n config: SyllabusConfig,\n loadLessonMDX: (lessonNumber: number) => Promise<{ default: string }>\n): ContentLoader {\n return {\n config,\n\n async loadLesson(lessonNumber: number): Promise<LoadedLesson> {\n if (lessonNumber < 1 || lessonNumber > config.lessonCount) {\n throw new Error(`Lesson ${lessonNumber} not found. Valid range: 1-${config.lessonCount}`);\n }\n const module = await loadLessonMDX(lessonNumber);\n return {\n number: lessonNumber,\n rawContent: module.default,\n };\n },\n\n async loadAllLessons(): Promise<LoadedLesson[]> {\n const lessons: LoadedLesson[] = [];\n for (let i = 1; i <= config.lessonCount; i++) {\n lessons.push(await this.loadLesson(i));\n }\n return lessons;\n },\n\n getAvailableLessons(): number[] {\n return Array.from({ length: config.lessonCount }, (_, i) => i + 1);\n },\n };\n}\n","/**\n * Georgian Alphabet syllabus\n */\n\nimport { createContentLoader, type SyllabusConfig, type ContentLoader } from '../../shared.js';\n\nexport const config: SyllabusConfig = {\n id: 'ka-alphabet',\n title: 'ქართული ანბანი (Georgian Alphabet)',\n description: 'Learn the Georgian Mkhedruli script - vowels and consonants',\n language: 'ka',\n locale: 'ka-GE',\n lessonCount: 10,\n difficulty: 'beginner',\n cefrLevel: 'A1',\n icon: 'alphabet',\n version: '0.1.0',\n};\n\nasync function loadLessonMDX(lessonNumber: number) {\n switch (lessonNumber) {\n case 1: return import('./lessons/lesson-01.mdx?raw');\n case 2: return import('./lessons/lesson-02.mdx?raw');\n case 3: return import('./lessons/lesson-03.mdx?raw');\n case 4: return import('./lessons/lesson-04.mdx?raw');\n case 5: return import('./lessons/lesson-05.mdx?raw');\n case 6: return import('./lessons/lesson-06.mdx?raw');\n case 7: return import('./lessons/lesson-07.mdx?raw');\n case 8: return import('./lessons/lesson-08.mdx?raw');\n case 9: return import('./lessons/lesson-09.mdx?raw');\n case 10: return import('./lessons/lesson-10.mdx?raw');\n default: throw new Error(`Lesson ${lessonNumber} not found`);\n }\n}\n\nexport const loader: ContentLoader = createContentLoader(config, loadLessonMDX);\nexport const loadLesson = loader.loadLesson.bind(loader);\nexport const loadAllLessons = loader.loadAllLessons.bind(loader);\nexport const getAvailableLessons = loader.getAvailableLessons.bind(loader);\n"],"names":["createContentLoader","config","loadLessonMDX","lessonNumber","module","lessons","i","_","loader","loadLesson","loadAllLessons","getAvailableLessons"],"mappings":"AAiFO,SAASA,EACdC,GACAC,GACe;AACf,SAAO;AAAA,IACL,QAAAD;AAAA,IAEA,MAAM,WAAWE,GAA6C;AAC5D,UAAIA,IAAe,KAAKA,IAAeF,EAAO;AAC5C,cAAM,IAAI,MAAM,UAAUE,CAAY,8BAA8BF,EAAO,WAAW,EAAE;AAE1F,YAAMG,IAAS,MAAMF,EAAcC,CAAY;AAC/C,aAAO;AAAA,QACL,QAAQA;AAAA,QACR,YAAYC,EAAO;AAAA,MAAA;AAAA,IAEvB;AAAA,IAEA,MAAM,iBAA0C;AAC9C,YAAMC,IAA0B,CAAA;AAChC,eAASC,IAAI,GAAGA,KAAKL,EAAO,aAAaK;AACvC,QAAAD,EAAQ,KAAK,MAAM,KAAK,WAAWC,CAAC,CAAC;AAEvC,aAAOD;AAAA,IACT;AAAA,IAEA,sBAAgC;AAC9B,aAAO,MAAM,KAAK,EAAE,QAAQJ,EAAO,YAAA,GAAe,CAACM,GAAGD,MAAMA,IAAI,CAAC;AAAA,IACnE;AAAA,EAAA;AAEJ;ACzGO,MAAML,IAAyB;AAAA,EACpC,IAAI;AAAA,EACJ,OAAO;AAAA,EACP,aAAa;AAAA,EACb,UAAU;AAAA,EACV,QAAQ;AAAA,EACR,aAAa;AAAA,EACb,YAAY;AAAA,EACZ,WAAW;AAAA,EACX,MAAM;AAAA,EACN,SAAS;AACX;AAEA,eAAeC,EAAcC,GAAsB;AACjD,UAAQA,GAAA;AAAA,IACN,KAAK;AAAG,aAAO,OAAO,yBAA6B;AAAA,IACnD,KAAK;AAAG,aAAO,OAAO,yBAA6B;AAAA,IACnD,KAAK;AAAG,aAAO,OAAO,yBAA6B;AAAA,IACnD,KAAK;AAAG,aAAO,OAAO,yBAA6B;AAAA,IACnD,KAAK;AAAG,aAAO,OAAO,yBAA6B;AAAA,IACnD,KAAK;AAAG,aAAO,OAAO,yBAA6B;AAAA,IACnD,KAAK;AAAG,aAAO,OAAO,yBAA6B;AAAA,IACnD,KAAK;AAAG,aAAO,OAAO,yBAA6B;AAAA,IACnD,KAAK;AAAG,aAAO,OAAO,yBAA6B;AAAA,IACnD,KAAK;AAAI,aAAO,OAAO,yBAA6B;AAAA,IACpD;AAAS,YAAM,IAAI,MAAM,UAAUA,CAAY,YAAY;AAAA,EAAA;AAE/D;AAEO,MAAMK,IAAwBR,EAAoBC,GAAQC,CAAa,GACjEO,IAAaD,EAAO,WAAW,KAAKA,CAAM,GAC1CE,IAAiBF,EAAO,eAAe,KAAKA,CAAM,GAClDG,IAAsBH,EAAO,oBAAoB,KAAKA,CAAM;;;;;;;;"}
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package/dist/index.d.ts
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/**
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* Shared types and utilities for SYLLST content
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* (Inlined from @syllst/content-shared to make package self-contained)
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*/
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/**
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* CEFR language proficiency levels
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*/
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declare type CEFRLevel = 'A1' | 'A2' | 'B1' | 'B2' | 'C1' | 'C2';
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export declare const config: SyllabusConfig;
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/**
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* Content loader interface
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*/
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declare interface ContentLoader {
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/** Syllabus configuration */
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config: SyllabusConfig;
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/** Load a single lesson by number */
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loadLesson(lessonNumber: number): Promise<LoadedLesson>;
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/** Load all lessons */
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loadAllLessons(): Promise<LoadedLesson[]>;
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/** Get list of available lesson numbers */
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getAvailableLessons(): number[];
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}
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/**
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* Difficulty levels
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*/
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declare type Difficulty = 'beginner' | 'intermediate' | 'advanced';
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export declare const getAvailableLessons: () => number[];
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export declare const loadAllLessons: () => Promise<LoadedLesson[]>;
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/**
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* Result of loading a lesson
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*/
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declare interface LoadedLesson {
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/** Lesson number (1-indexed) */
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number: number;
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/** Raw MDX content */
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rawContent: string;
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}
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export declare const loader: ContentLoader;
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export declare const loadLesson: (lessonNumber: number) => Promise<LoadedLesson>;
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/**
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* Configuration for a syllabus content package
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*/
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declare interface SyllabusConfig {
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/** Unique syllabus ID (e.g., "ka-alphabet") */
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id: string;
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/** Display title */
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title: string;
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/** Description */
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description: string;
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/** Language code (ISO 639-1) */
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language: string;
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/** Locale code (e.g., "ka-GE") */
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locale: string;
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/** Number of lessons */
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lessonCount: number;
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/** Difficulty level */
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difficulty: Difficulty;
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/** CEFR level */
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cefrLevel: CEFRLevel;
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/** Icon for display */
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icon?: SyllabusIcon;
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/** Package version */
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version: string;
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}
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/**
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* Icon types for syllabi
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*/
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declare type SyllabusIcon = 'alphabet' | 'dialogue' | 'vocabulary' | 'grammar' | 'reading' | 'numbers' | 'food' | 'travel';
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export { }
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package/dist/index.js
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import { c as t } from "./index-D9QQnpu5.js";
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import { i as l, l as p } from "./index-D9QQnpu5.js";
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const i = [
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];
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function e(a) {
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return i.find((o) => o.id === a);
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}
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export {
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i as allConfigs,
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l as alphabet,
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t as alphabetConfig,
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p as alphabetLoader,
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e as getConfigById
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};
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//# sourceMappingURL=index.js.map
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{"version":3,"file":"index.js","sources":["../src/index.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * @syllst/ka\n *\n * Georgian SYLLST content package.\n * Contains Georgian language syllabi: alphabet (Mkhedruli script).\n */\n\n// Re-export all syllabi\nexport * as alphabet from './syllabi/alphabet/index.js';\n\n// Re-export configs for convenience\nexport { config as alphabetConfig } from './syllabi/alphabet/index.js';\n\n// Re-export loaders for convenience\nexport { loader as alphabetLoader } from './syllabi/alphabet/index.js';\n\n// Re-export types from shared\nexport type { SyllabusConfig, ContentLoader, LoadedLesson } from './shared.js';\n\n// Export all configs as array for iteration\nimport { config as alphabetConfig } from './syllabi/alphabet/index.js';\n\nimport type { SyllabusConfig } from './shared.js';\n\n/**\n * All Georgian syllabi configurations\n */\nexport const allConfigs: SyllabusConfig[] = [\n alphabetConfig,\n];\n\n/**\n * Get a syllabus config by ID\n */\nexport function getConfigById(id: string): SyllabusConfig | undefined {\n return allConfigs.find(c => c.id === id);\n}\n"],"names":["allConfigs","alphabetConfig","getConfigById","id","c"],"mappings":";;AA2BO,MAAMA,IAA+B;AAAA,EAC1CC;AACF;AAKO,SAASC,EAAcC,GAAwC;AACpE,SAAOH,EAAW,KAAK,CAAAI,MAAKA,EAAE,OAAOD,CAAE;AACzC;"}
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const n = `---
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type: lesson
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id: georgian-alphabet-lesson-01
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title: "გაკვეთილი 1 — Vowels & First Consonants I"
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description: "First 2 vowels (ა, ი) and 2 common consonants (ლ, მ) — Begin reading Georgian immediately"
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order: 1
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parentId: georgian-alphabet
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difficulty: beginner
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cefrLevel: A1
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categories:
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- vowels
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- consonants
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- basic-characters
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metadata:
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estimatedTime: 20
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prerequisites: []
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learningObjectives:
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- id: obj-recognize-vowels-1
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description: "Recognize the vowels ა and ი"
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skill: character-recognition
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references: [ani, ini]
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- id: obj-recognize-consonants-1
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description: "Recognize the consonants ლ and მ"
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skill: character-recognition
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references: [lasi, mani]
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- id: obj-sounds-1
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description: "Map each character to its sound"
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skill: character-sound-mapping
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references: [ani, ini, lasi, mani]
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---
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# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — Vowels & First Consonants I
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## Introduction
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Welcome to the Georgian alphabet, known as **მხედრული** (Mkhedruli). Georgian is one of only 14 languages in the world with its own unique writing system. Unlike Latin, Cyrillic, or Arabic scripts, the Georgian alphabet has no uppercase or lowercase forms -- every letter has just one shape.
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In this first lesson, you will learn 4 characters: 2 vowels and 2 of the most common consonants. With just these 4 letters, you can already form simple Georgian words.
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## The Georgian Alphabet at a Glance
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The modern Georgian alphabet has **33 letters**: 5 vowels and 28 consonants. Each letter represents exactly one sound, making Georgian remarkably phonetic. What you see is what you say.
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Key features:
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- **No capital letters** -- Georgian is unicameral
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- **One letter = one sound** -- no digraphs or silent letters
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- **Left to right** -- same direction as English
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- **Rounded shapes** -- the script is known for its elegant curves
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## Characters
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:::character-set{id="georgian-vowels-consonants-1" title="Vowels & First Consonants I"}
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::character{id="ani" canonicalRef="ani" char="ა" name="ა ანი (Ani)" charType="vowel" data:transliteration="a" data:ipa="ɑ"}
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::character{id="ini" canonicalRef="ini" char="ი" name="ი ინი (Ini)" charType="vowel" data:transliteration="i" data:ipa="i"}
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::character{id="lasi" canonicalRef="lasi" char="ლ" name="ლ ლასი (Lasi)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="liquid" data:voicing="voiced" data:transliteration="l" data:ipa="l"}
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::character{id="mani" canonicalRef="mani" char="მ" name="მ მანი (Mani)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="nasal" data:voicing="voiced" data:transliteration="m" data:ipa="m"}
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:::
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## Georgian Vowels: Pure and Simple
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Georgian has only **5 vowels**: ა (a), ე (e), ი (i), ო (o), უ (u). This is the same 5-vowel system found in Spanish, Japanese, and many other languages. Each vowel is always pronounced the same way, with no reduction or changes based on stress.
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Today you learn the first two:
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| Letter | Name | Sound | Like English... |
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|--------|------|-------|-----------------|
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| ა | ანი (Ani) | /ɑ/ | "a" in "father" |
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| ი | ინი (Ini) | /i/ | "ee" in "see" |
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## Your First Consonants
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The consonants ლ (Lasi) and მ (Mani) are among the most frequently used in Georgian. Both are **voiced sonorants**, meaning they are produced with vocal cord vibration and continuous airflow.
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| Letter | Name | Sound | Like English... |
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|--------|------|-------|-----------------|
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| ლ | ლასი (Lasi) | /l/ | "l" in "like" |
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| მ | მანი (Mani) | /m/ | "m" in "moon" |
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## Your First Georgian Words
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With just 4 letters, you can already read these words:
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| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
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|------|--------------|---------|
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| ალი | a-li | Ali (name) |
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| მალი | ma-li | soon |
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| ილა | i-la | Ila (name) |
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| მილი | mi-li | pipe |
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| ლამი | la-mi | silt, mud |
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Try reading each word letter by letter. Georgian is perfectly phonetic, so sound out each character from left to right.
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## Reading Strategy
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Since Georgian is fully phonetic:
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1. **Identify each letter** from left to right
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2. **Sound out each one** -- every letter is always pronounced
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3. **Blend the sounds together** -- there are no silent letters or special combinations
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For example, **მილი** is read as: მ (m) + ი (i) + ლ (l) + ი (i) = "mili"
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## Shape Recognition Tips
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- **ა** has a distinctive round loop shape, open on the right
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- **ი** is a small vertical stroke, one of the simplest Georgian letters
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- **ლ** curves upward with a loop, reaching above the baseline
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- **მ** sits mostly on the baseline with a rounded top
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## Key Points
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1. **Georgian is phonetic**: Each letter always represents the same sound
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2. **No uppercase/lowercase**: Every letter has just one form
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3. **5 vowels total**: You have learned 2 of 5 (ა, ი)
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4. **Sonorant consonants**: ლ and მ are voiced and easy to pronounce
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5. **Read left to right**: Same direction as English
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## Practice Recognition
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:::exercise{id="ka-01-recognition" type="matching" title="Match Characters to Sounds" skill="character-recognition" tests="ani,ini,lasi,mani" objectiveId="obj-recognize-vowels-1"}
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**Question:** Match each Georgian character to its romanized name
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- ა
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- ი
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- ლ
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- მ
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**Answer:**
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- ა = Ani (the vowel "a")
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- ი = Ini (the vowel "i")
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- ლ = Lasi (the consonant "l")
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- მ = Mani (the consonant "m")
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**Explanation:** These are the first 4 letters you learn. Notice how ა and ი are vowels (pure sounds), while ლ and მ are consonants. Each Georgian letter name ends in "-i" by convention.
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:::
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:::exercise{id="ka-01-sounds" type="fill-in-blank" title="Sound Mapping" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="ani,ini,lasi,mani" objectiveId="obj-sounds-1"}
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**Question:** What sound does each character make?
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- ა sounds like ___
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- ი sounds like ___
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- ლ sounds like ___
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- მ sounds like ___
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**Answer:**
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- ა = /ɑ/ as in "father"
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- ი = /i/ as in "see"
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- ლ = /l/ as in "like"
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- მ = /m/ as in "moon"
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**Explanation:** Georgian is perfectly phonetic. Each letter always makes exactly one sound. There are no exceptions or context-dependent changes for these characters.
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:::
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:::exercise{id="ka-01-word-reading" type="fill-in-blank" title="Read Simple Words" skill="word-recognition" tests="ani,ini,lasi,mani" objectiveId="obj-recognize-consonants-1"}
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**Question:** Read the following Georgian words and give their pronunciation
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- მალი = ___
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- ილა = ___
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- მილი = ___
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**Answer:**
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- მალი = "mali" (soon)
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- ილა = "ila" (name)
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- მილი = "mili" (pipe)
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**Explanation:** Sound out each letter from left to right. Georgian has no silent letters and no special letter combinations. Every letter is pronounced exactly as you learned it.
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:::
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## What's Next
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In Lesson 2, you will learn 2 more vowels (ე, ო) and 2 more consonants (ნ, ს), giving you enough characters to read many common Georgian words including ენა (language).
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`;
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export {
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n as default
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};
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//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-01-Dx39ahX1.js.map
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{"version":3,"file":"lesson-01-Dx39ahX1.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-01.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-01\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 1 — Vowels & First Consonants I\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"First 2 vowels (ა, ი) and 2 common consonants (ლ, მ) — Begin reading Georgian immediately\\\"\\norder: 1\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n - vowels\\n - consonants\\n - basic-characters\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 20\\n prerequisites: []\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-recognize-vowels-1\\n description: \\\"Recognize the vowels ა and ი\\\"\\n skill: character-recognition\\n references: [ani, ini]\\n - id: obj-recognize-consonants-1\\n description: \\\"Recognize the consonants ლ and მ\\\"\\n skill: character-recognition\\n references: [lasi, mani]\\n - id: obj-sounds-1\\n description: \\\"Map each character to its sound\\\"\\n skill: character-sound-mapping\\n references: [ani, ini, lasi, mani]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — Vowels & First Consonants I\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nWelcome to the Georgian alphabet, known as **მხედრული** (Mkhedruli). Georgian is one of only 14 languages in the world with its own unique writing system. Unlike Latin, Cyrillic, or Arabic scripts, the Georgian alphabet has no uppercase or lowercase forms -- every letter has just one shape.\\n\\nIn this first lesson, you will learn 4 characters: 2 vowels and 2 of the most common consonants. With just these 4 letters, you can already form simple Georgian words.\\n\\n## The Georgian Alphabet at a Glance\\n\\nThe modern Georgian alphabet has **33 letters**: 5 vowels and 28 consonants. Each letter represents exactly one sound, making Georgian remarkably phonetic. What you see is what you say.\\n\\nKey features:\\n\\n- **No capital letters** -- Georgian is unicameral\\n- **One letter = one sound** -- no digraphs or silent letters\\n- **Left to right** -- same direction as English\\n- **Rounded shapes** -- the script is known for its elegant curves\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-vowels-consonants-1\\\" title=\\\"Vowels & First Consonants I\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"ani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"ani\\\" char=\\\"ა\\\" name=\\\"ა ანი (Ani)\\\" charType=\\\"vowel\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"a\\\" data:ipa=\\\"ɑ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"ini\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"ini\\\" char=\\\"ი\\\" name=\\\"ი ინი (Ini)\\\" charType=\\\"vowel\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"i\\\" data:ipa=\\\"i\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"lasi\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"lasi\\\" char=\\\"ლ\\\" name=\\\"ლ ლასი (Lasi)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"liquid\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"l\\\" data:ipa=\\\"l\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"mani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"mani\\\" char=\\\"მ\\\" name=\\\"მ მანი (Mani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"nasal\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"m\\\" data:ipa=\\\"m\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Georgian Vowels: Pure and Simple\\n\\nGeorgian has only **5 vowels**: ა (a), ე (e), ი (i), ო (o), უ (u). This is the same 5-vowel system found in Spanish, Japanese, and many other languages. Each vowel is always pronounced the same way, with no reduction or changes based on stress.\\n\\nToday you learn the first two:\\n\\n| Letter | Name | Sound | Like English... |\\n|--------|------|-------|-----------------|\\n| ა | ანი (Ani) | /ɑ/ | \\\"a\\\" in \\\"father\\\" |\\n| ი | ინი (Ini) | /i/ | \\\"ee\\\" in \\\"see\\\" |\\n\\n## Your First Consonants\\n\\nThe consonants ლ (Lasi) and მ (Mani) are among the most frequently used in Georgian. Both are **voiced sonorants**, meaning they are produced with vocal cord vibration and continuous airflow.\\n\\n| Letter | Name | Sound | Like English... |\\n|--------|------|-------|-----------------|\\n| ლ | ლასი (Lasi) | /l/ | \\\"l\\\" in \\\"like\\\" |\\n| მ | მანი (Mani) | /m/ | \\\"m\\\" in \\\"moon\\\" |\\n\\n## Your First Georgian Words\\n\\nWith just 4 letters, you can already read these words:\\n\\n| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |\\n|------|--------------|---------|\\n| ალი | a-li | Ali (name) |\\n| მალი | ma-li | soon |\\n| ილა | i-la | Ila (name) |\\n| მილი | mi-li | pipe |\\n| ლამი | la-mi | silt, mud |\\n\\nTry reading each word letter by letter. Georgian is perfectly phonetic, so sound out each character from left to right.\\n\\n## Reading Strategy\\n\\nSince Georgian is fully phonetic:\\n\\n1. **Identify each letter** from left to right\\n2. **Sound out each one** -- every letter is always pronounced\\n3. **Blend the sounds together** -- there are no silent letters or special combinations\\n\\nFor example, **მილი** is read as: მ (m) + ი (i) + ლ (l) + ი (i) = \\\"mili\\\"\\n\\n## Shape Recognition Tips\\n\\n- **ა** has a distinctive round loop shape, open on the right\\n- **ი** is a small vertical stroke, one of the simplest Georgian letters\\n- **ლ** curves upward with a loop, reaching above the baseline\\n- **მ** sits mostly on the baseline with a rounded top\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **Georgian is phonetic**: Each letter always represents the same sound\\n2. **No uppercase/lowercase**: Every letter has just one form\\n3. **5 vowels total**: You have learned 2 of 5 (ა, ი)\\n4. **Sonorant consonants**: ლ and მ are voiced and easy to pronounce\\n5. **Read left to right**: Same direction as English\\n\\n## Practice Recognition\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-01-recognition\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Match Characters to Sounds\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"ani,ini,lasi,mani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-recognize-vowels-1\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian character to its romanized name\\n\\n- ა\\n- ი\\n- ლ\\n- მ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ა = Ani (the vowel \\\"a\\\")\\n- ი = Ini (the vowel \\\"i\\\")\\n- ლ = Lasi (the consonant \\\"l\\\")\\n- მ = Mani (the consonant \\\"m\\\")\\n\\n**Explanation:** These are the first 4 letters you learn. Notice how ა and ი are vowels (pure sounds), while ლ and მ are consonants. Each Georgian letter name ends in \\\"-i\\\" by convention.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-01-sounds\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Sound Mapping\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"ani,ini,lasi,mani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-sounds-1\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** What sound does each character make?\\n\\n- ა sounds like ___\\n- ი sounds like ___\\n- ლ sounds like ___\\n- მ sounds like ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ა = /ɑ/ as in \\\"father\\\"\\n- ი = /i/ as in \\\"see\\\"\\n- ლ = /l/ as in \\\"like\\\"\\n- მ = /m/ as in \\\"moon\\\"\\n\\n**Explanation:** Georgian is perfectly phonetic. Each letter always makes exactly one sound. There are no exceptions or context-dependent changes for these characters.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-01-word-reading\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Read Simple Words\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"ani,ini,lasi,mani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-recognize-consonants-1\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Read the following Georgian words and give their pronunciation\\n\\n- მალი = ___\\n- ილა = ___\\n- მილი = ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- მალი = \\\"mali\\\" (soon)\\n- ილა = \\\"ila\\\" (name)\\n- მილი = \\\"mili\\\" (pipe)\\n\\n**Explanation:** Sound out each letter from left to right. Georgian has no silent letters and no special letter combinations. Every letter is pronounced exactly as you learned it.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 2, you will learn 2 more vowels (ე, ო) and 2 more consonants (ნ, ს), giving you enough characters to read many common Georgian words including ენა (language).\\n\""],"names":["lesson01"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}
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const n = `---
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type: lesson
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id: georgian-alphabet-lesson-02
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title: "გაკვეთილი 2 — Vowels & First Consonants II"
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description: "2 more vowels (ე, ო) and 2 consonants (ნ, ს) — Expand your Georgian reading"
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order: 2
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parentId: georgian-alphabet
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difficulty: beginner
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cefrLevel: A1
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categories:
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- vowels
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- consonants
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- basic-characters
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metadata:
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estimatedTime: 20
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prerequisites:
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- georgian-alphabet-lesson-01
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learningObjectives:
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- id: obj-recognize-vowels-2
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description: "Recognize the vowels ე and ო"
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skill: character-recognition
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references: [eni, oni]
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- id: obj-recognize-consonants-2
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description: "Recognize the consonants ნ and ს"
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skill: character-recognition
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references: [nari, sani]
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- id: obj-sounds-2
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description: "Map each new character to its sound"
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skill: character-sound-mapping
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references: [eni, oni, nari, sani]
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---
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# გაკვეთილი 2 (Lesson 2) — Vowels & First Consonants II
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## Introduction
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In this lesson, you add 4 more characters to your repertoire: the vowels **ე** and **ო**, and the consonants **ნ** and **ს**. Combined with Lesson 1, you will know 8 characters -- enough to read dozens of Georgian words.
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## Characters
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:::character-set{id="georgian-vowels-consonants-2" title="Vowels & First Consonants II"}
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::character{id="eni" canonicalRef="eni" char="ე" name="ე ენი (Eni)" charType="vowel" data:transliteration="e" data:ipa="ɛ"}
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::character{id="oni" canonicalRef="oni" char="ო" name="ო ონი (Oni)" charType="vowel" data:transliteration="o" data:ipa="ɔ"}
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::character{id="nari" canonicalRef="nari" char="ნ" name="ნ ნარი (Nari)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="nasal" data:voicing="voiced" data:transliteration="n" data:ipa="n"}
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::character{id="sani" canonicalRef="sani" char="ს" name="ს სანი (Sani)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="fricative" data:voicing="voiceless" data:transliteration="s" data:ipa="s"}
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:::
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## Two More Vowels
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You now know 4 of the 5 Georgian vowels. The system is beautifully symmetric:
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| Letter | Name | Sound | Like English... |
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|--------|------|-------|-----------------|
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| ა | ანი (Ani) | /ɑ/ | "a" in "father" |
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| ე | ენი (Eni) | /ɛ/ | "e" in "bed" |
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| ი | ინი (Ini) | /i/ | "ee" in "see" |
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| ო | ონი (Oni) | /ɔ/ | "o" in "or" |
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| უ | უნი (Uni) | /u/ | "oo" in "moon" (next lesson) |
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Georgian vowels are **pure** -- they do not glide or change quality. English speakers should be careful not to add a glide: ო is a pure "o", not "oh-w" as in English "go".
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## Your New Consonants
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| Letter | Name | Sound | Type | Like English... |
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|--------|------|-------|------|-----------------|
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| ნ | ნარი (Nari) | /n/ | nasal, voiced | "n" in "no" |
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| ს | სანი (Sani) | /s/ | fricative, voiceless | "s" in "sun" |
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Notice the contrast: **ნ** is voiced (vocal cords vibrate) while **ს** is voiceless. You can feel the difference by placing your fingers on your throat -- **ნ** buzzes, **ს** does not.
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Also note the contrast between the two nasals you now know: **მ** (bilabial nasal, lips together) and **ნ** (alveolar nasal, tongue on ridge behind teeth).
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## More Georgian Words
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With 8 characters (ა, ე, ი, ო, ლ, მ, ნ, ს), you can read many words:
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| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
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|------|--------------|---------|
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| ენა | e-na | language |
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| ნინო | ni-no | Nino (common Georgian name) |
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| მონა | mo-na | slave (historical term) |
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| სონე | so-ne | Sone (name) |
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| სიმინო | si-mi-no | corn |
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| ლიმონი | li-mo-ni | lemon |
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| სალამი | sa-la-mi | salami |
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The word **ენა** (ena, "language") is especially fitting -- you are learning the Georgian ენა right now.
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## Georgian Names
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Many traditional Georgian names can be read with the letters you know. Georgian names frequently end in **-ი** for males and **-ო** or **-ა** for females, though this is a tendency rather than a strict rule.
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Some examples from your current character set:
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- **ნინო** (Nino) -- one of the most beloved Georgian names, after Saint Nino who brought Christianity to Georgia in the 4th century
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- **ანა** (Ana) -- a common female name
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- **სიმონ** (Simon) -- a traditional male name
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## Voiced vs. Voiceless
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Georgian phonology makes a strong distinction between voiced and voiceless consonants. From the consonants you have learned so far:
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| Voiced | Voiceless |
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|--------|-----------|
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| ლ /l/ | ს /s/ |
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| მ /m/ | |
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| ნ /n/ | |
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The voiced consonants (ლ, მ, ნ) are all **sonorants** -- sounds produced with continuous airflow. The voiceless consonant ს is a **fricative** -- air is forced through a narrow gap, creating a hissing sound.
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In future lessons, you will encounter Georgian's remarkable three-way distinction among stop consonants (voiced, aspirated, ejective), which is one of the language's most distinctive features.
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## Key Points
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1. **4 of 5 vowels learned**: ა, ე, ი, ო -- only უ remains
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2. **Pure vowels**: No glides or diphthongs -- each vowel is a single, stable sound
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3. **Nasal pair**: მ (lips) vs. ნ (tongue tip) -- both are voiced nasals
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4. **Voiced vs. voiceless**: ნ buzzes, ს does not
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5. **Phonetic reading**: Every letter is pronounced, no exceptions
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## Practice Exercises
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:::exercise{id="ka-02-recognition" type="matching" title="Match New Characters" skill="character-recognition" tests="eni,oni,nari,sani" objectiveId="obj-recognize-vowels-2"}
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**Question:** Match each Georgian character to its name
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- ე
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- ო
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- ნ
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- ს
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**Answer:**
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- ე = Eni (the vowel "e")
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- ო = Oni (the vowel "o")
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- ნ = Nari (the consonant "n")
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- ს = Sani (the consonant "s")
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**Explanation:** You now know 4 of 5 Georgian vowels. The consonants ნ and ს add a nasal and a fricative to your consonant inventory, complementing ლ and მ from Lesson 1.
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:::
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:::exercise{id="ka-02-sounds" type="fill-in-blank" title="Sound Mapping" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="eni,oni,nari,sani" objectiveId="obj-sounds-2"}
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**Question:** What sound does each new character make?
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- ე sounds like ___
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- ო sounds like ___
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- ნ sounds like ___
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- ს sounds like ___
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**Answer:**
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- ე = /ɛ/ as in "bed"
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- ო = /ɔ/ as in "or"
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- ნ = /n/ as in "no"
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- ს = /s/ as in "sun"
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**Explanation:** Georgian vowels are pure and never glide. The consonant ნ is a voiced nasal (like English "n"), while ს is a voiceless fricative (like English "s").
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:::
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:::exercise{id="ka-02-word-reading" type="fill-in-blank" title="Read Georgian Words" skill="word-recognition" tests="eni,nari,sani,oni" objectiveId="obj-recognize-consonants-2"}
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**Question:** Read the following Georgian words and give their pronunciation
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- ენა = ___
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- ნინო = ___
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- ლიმონი = ___
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**Answer:**
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- ენა = "ena" (language)
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- ნინო = "nino" (Nino, a name)
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- ლიმონი = "limoni" (lemon)
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**Explanation:** Sound out each letter from left to right. All characters should be familiar from Lessons 1 and 2. Notice how ლიმონი uses characters from both lessons: ლ, ი (Lesson 1) and ო, ნ (Lesson 2).
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:::
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## What's Next
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In Lesson 3, you will learn the final vowel **უ** (completing all 5 Georgian vowels) and add two more consonants: **ვ** and **რ**. This will give you 11 characters and unlock even more Georgian vocabulary.
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`;
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export {
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n as default
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};
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//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-02-BTmLITxi.js.map
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{"version":3,"file":"lesson-02-BTmLITxi.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-02.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-02\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 2 — Vowels & First Consonants II\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"2 more vowels (ე, ო) and 2 consonants (ნ, ს) — Expand your Georgian reading\\\"\\norder: 2\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n - vowels\\n - consonants\\n - basic-characters\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 20\\n prerequisites:\\n - georgian-alphabet-lesson-01\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-recognize-vowels-2\\n description: \\\"Recognize the vowels ე and ო\\\"\\n skill: character-recognition\\n references: [eni, oni]\\n - id: obj-recognize-consonants-2\\n description: \\\"Recognize the consonants ნ and ს\\\"\\n skill: character-recognition\\n references: [nari, sani]\\n - id: obj-sounds-2\\n description: \\\"Map each new character to its sound\\\"\\n skill: character-sound-mapping\\n references: [eni, oni, nari, sani]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 2 (Lesson 2) — Vowels & First Consonants II\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nIn this lesson, you add 4 more characters to your repertoire: the vowels **ე** and **ო**, and the consonants **ნ** and **ს**. Combined with Lesson 1, you will know 8 characters -- enough to read dozens of Georgian words.\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-vowels-consonants-2\\\" title=\\\"Vowels & First Consonants II\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"eni\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"eni\\\" char=\\\"ე\\\" name=\\\"ე ენი (Eni)\\\" charType=\\\"vowel\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"e\\\" data:ipa=\\\"ɛ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"oni\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"oni\\\" char=\\\"ო\\\" name=\\\"ო ონი (Oni)\\\" charType=\\\"vowel\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"o\\\" data:ipa=\\\"ɔ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"nari\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"nari\\\" char=\\\"ნ\\\" name=\\\"ნ ნარი (Nari)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"nasal\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"n\\\" data:ipa=\\\"n\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"sani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"sani\\\" char=\\\"ს\\\" name=\\\"ს სანი (Sani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"fricative\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiceless\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"s\\\" data:ipa=\\\"s\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Two More Vowels\\n\\nYou now know 4 of the 5 Georgian vowels. The system is beautifully symmetric:\\n\\n| Letter | Name | Sound | Like English... |\\n|--------|------|-------|-----------------|\\n| ა | ანი (Ani) | /ɑ/ | \\\"a\\\" in \\\"father\\\" |\\n| ე | ენი (Eni) | /ɛ/ | \\\"e\\\" in \\\"bed\\\" |\\n| ი | ინი (Ini) | /i/ | \\\"ee\\\" in \\\"see\\\" |\\n| ო | ონი (Oni) | /ɔ/ | \\\"o\\\" in \\\"or\\\" |\\n| უ | უნი (Uni) | /u/ | \\\"oo\\\" in \\\"moon\\\" (next lesson) |\\n\\nGeorgian vowels are **pure** -- they do not glide or change quality. English speakers should be careful not to add a glide: ო is a pure \\\"o\\\", not \\\"oh-w\\\" as in English \\\"go\\\".\\n\\n## Your New Consonants\\n\\n| Letter | Name | Sound | Type | Like English... |\\n|--------|------|-------|------|-----------------|\\n| ნ | ნარი (Nari) | /n/ | nasal, voiced | \\\"n\\\" in \\\"no\\\" |\\n| ს | სანი (Sani) | /s/ | fricative, voiceless | \\\"s\\\" in \\\"sun\\\" |\\n\\nNotice the contrast: **ნ** is voiced (vocal cords vibrate) while **ს** is voiceless. You can feel the difference by placing your fingers on your throat -- **ნ** buzzes, **ს** does not.\\n\\nAlso note the contrast between the two nasals you now know: **მ** (bilabial nasal, lips together) and **ნ** (alveolar nasal, tongue on ridge behind teeth).\\n\\n## More Georgian Words\\n\\nWith 8 characters (ა, ე, ი, ო, ლ, მ, ნ, ს), you can read many words:\\n\\n| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |\\n|------|--------------|---------|\\n| ენა | e-na | language |\\n| ნინო | ni-no | Nino (common Georgian name) |\\n| მონა | mo-na | slave (historical term) |\\n| სონე | so-ne | Sone (name) |\\n| სიმინო | si-mi-no | corn |\\n| ლიმონი | li-mo-ni | lemon |\\n| სალამი | sa-la-mi | salami |\\n\\nThe word **ენა** (ena, \\\"language\\\") is especially fitting -- you are learning the Georgian ენა right now.\\n\\n## Georgian Names\\n\\nMany traditional Georgian names can be read with the letters you know. Georgian names frequently end in **-ი** for males and **-ო** or **-ა** for females, though this is a tendency rather than a strict rule.\\n\\nSome examples from your current character set:\\n\\n- **ნინო** (Nino) -- one of the most beloved Georgian names, after Saint Nino who brought Christianity to Georgia in the 4th century\\n- **ანა** (Ana) -- a common female name\\n- **სიმონ** (Simon) -- a traditional male name\\n\\n## Voiced vs. Voiceless\\n\\nGeorgian phonology makes a strong distinction between voiced and voiceless consonants. From the consonants you have learned so far:\\n\\n| Voiced | Voiceless |\\n|--------|-----------|\\n| ლ /l/ | ს /s/ |\\n| მ /m/ | |\\n| ნ /n/ | |\\n\\nThe voiced consonants (ლ, მ, ნ) are all **sonorants** -- sounds produced with continuous airflow. The voiceless consonant ს is a **fricative** -- air is forced through a narrow gap, creating a hissing sound.\\n\\nIn future lessons, you will encounter Georgian's remarkable three-way distinction among stop consonants (voiced, aspirated, ejective), which is one of the language's most distinctive features.\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **4 of 5 vowels learned**: ა, ე, ი, ო -- only უ remains\\n2. **Pure vowels**: No glides or diphthongs -- each vowel is a single, stable sound\\n3. **Nasal pair**: მ (lips) vs. ნ (tongue tip) -- both are voiced nasals\\n4. **Voiced vs. voiceless**: ნ buzzes, ს does not\\n5. **Phonetic reading**: Every letter is pronounced, no exceptions\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-02-recognition\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Match New Characters\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"eni,oni,nari,sani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-recognize-vowels-2\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian character to its name\\n\\n- ე\\n- ო\\n- ნ\\n- ს\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ე = Eni (the vowel \\\"e\\\")\\n- ო = Oni (the vowel \\\"o\\\")\\n- ნ = Nari (the consonant \\\"n\\\")\\n- ს = Sani (the consonant \\\"s\\\")\\n\\n**Explanation:** You now know 4 of 5 Georgian vowels. The consonants ნ and ს add a nasal and a fricative to your consonant inventory, complementing ლ and მ from Lesson 1.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-02-sounds\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Sound Mapping\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"eni,oni,nari,sani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-sounds-2\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** What sound does each new character make?\\n\\n- ე sounds like ___\\n- ო sounds like ___\\n- ნ sounds like ___\\n- ს sounds like ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ე = /ɛ/ as in \\\"bed\\\"\\n- ო = /ɔ/ as in \\\"or\\\"\\n- ნ = /n/ as in \\\"no\\\"\\n- ს = /s/ as in \\\"sun\\\"\\n\\n**Explanation:** Georgian vowels are pure and never glide. The consonant ნ is a voiced nasal (like English \\\"n\\\"), while ს is a voiceless fricative (like English \\\"s\\\").\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-02-word-reading\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Read Georgian Words\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"eni,nari,sani,oni\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-recognize-consonants-2\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Read the following Georgian words and give their pronunciation\\n\\n- ენა = ___\\n- ნინო = ___\\n- ლიმონი = ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ენა = \\\"ena\\\" (language)\\n- ნინო = \\\"nino\\\" (Nino, a name)\\n- ლიმონი = \\\"limoni\\\" (lemon)\\n\\n**Explanation:** Sound out each letter from left to right. All characters should be familiar from Lessons 1 and 2. Notice how ლიმონი uses characters from both lessons: ლ, ი (Lesson 1) and ო, ნ (Lesson 2).\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 3, you will learn the final vowel **უ** (completing all 5 Georgian vowels) and add two more consonants: **ვ** and **რ**. This will give you 11 characters and unlock even more Georgian vocabulary.\\n\""],"names":["lesson02"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}
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