@syllst/ka 0.2.0

package/dist/lesson-08-dU_y8sh9.js.map

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+{"version":3,"file":"lesson-08-dU_y8sh9.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-08.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-08\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 8 — რთული ფრიკატივები\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Advanced Fricatives: ხ ჯ ჟ — The velar fricative kh, voiced affricate j, and voiced fricative zh\\\"\\norder: 8\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n  - consonants\\n  - fricatives\\n  - affricates\\n  - intermediate-characters\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 30\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-07\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-advanced-fricative-recognition\\n      description: \\\"Recognize the advanced fricatives and affricate ხ ჯ ჟ\\\"\\n      skill: character-recognition\\n      references: [khani, jani, zhani]\\n    - id: obj-voiced-sibilant-contrast\\n      description: \\\"Distinguish voiced sibilants from their voiceless counterparts\\\"\\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\\n      references: [jani, zhani]\\n    - id: obj-advanced-word-reading\\n      description: \\\"Read words containing advanced fricatives\\\"\\n      skill: word-recognition\\n      references: [khani, jani, zhani]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 8 (Lesson 8) — Advanced Fricatives\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nThis lesson introduces three consonants that may be challenging for English speakers: the **velar fricative** ხ (kh), the **voiced postalveolar affricate** ჯ (j), and the **voiced postalveolar fricative** ჟ (zh). These sounds round out your knowledge of Georgian's fricative and affricate inventory.\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-advanced-fricatives\\\" title=\\\"Advanced Fricatives\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"khani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"khani\\\" char=\\\"ხ\\\" name=\\\"ხ ხანი (Khani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"fricative\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiceless\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"kh\\\" data:ipa=\\\"x\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"jani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"jani\\\" char=\\\"ჯ\\\" name=\\\"ჯ ჯანი (Jani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"affricate\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"j\\\" data:ipa=\\\"d͡ʒ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"zhani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"zhani\\\" char=\\\"ჟ\\\" name=\\\"ჟ ჟანი (Zhani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"fricative\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"zh\\\" data:ipa=\\\"ʒ\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Pronunciation Guide\\n\\n### ხ (Khani) - /x/\\n\\nThis is a **voiceless velar fricative**, produced at the same place as \\\"k\\\" but with continuous airflow instead of a complete stop. It sounds like the \\\"ch\\\" in German \\\"Bach\\\" or Scottish \\\"loch.\\\" To produce it, position your tongue as if saying \\\"k\\\" but let the air flow through instead of stopping it.\\n\\nDo not confuse ხ with the aspirated stop ქ (/kʰ/):\\n- ქ has a complete closure followed by a burst of air\\n- ხ has continuous friction without closure\\n\\n### ჯ (Jani) - /dʒ/\\n\\nPronounced like English \\\"j\\\" in \\\"jam\\\" or \\\"g\\\" in \\\"gem.\\\" This is the **voiced** counterpart to the aspirated affricate ჩ (/tʃʰ/). The three-way postalveolar affricate system is:\\n\\n| Type | Letter | Sound |\\n|------|--------|-------|\\n| **Voiced** | **ჯ** | /dʒ/ |\\n| Aspirated | ჩ | /tʃʰ/ |\\n| Ejective | ჭ | /tʃʼ/ |\\n\\n### ჟ (Zhani) - /ʒ/\\n\\nPronounced like the \\\"s\\\" in English \\\"pleasure\\\" or \\\"zh\\\" in \\\"Zhivago.\\\" This is a **voiced postalveolar fricative**, the voiced counterpart to შ (/ʃ/). While შ is voiceless (like \\\"sh\\\"), ჟ adds vocal cord vibration (like \\\"zh\\\").\\n\\n| Voicing | Fricative | Affricate |\\n|---------|-----------|-----------|\\n| Voiceless | შ /ʃ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ |\\n| **Voiced** | **ჟ /ʒ/** | **ჯ /dʒ/** |\\n\\n## The Voiced-Voiceless Pairs\\n\\nThis lesson completes important voiced-voiceless pairs in the sibilant system:\\n\\n- **შ** (sh, voiceless) pairs with **ჟ** (zh, voiced)\\n- **ჩ** (ch, voiceless aspirated) contrasts with **ჯ** (j, voiced)\\n\\nTo distinguish them, place your hand on your throat:\\n- For voiceless შ and ჩ, you feel no vibration\\n- For voiced ჟ and ჯ, you feel clear vibration\\n\\n## Practice Words\\n\\n| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |\\n|------|----------------|---------|-------|\\n| ხილი | khili | fruit | Very common word |\\n| ჯამი | jami | bowl | Everyday vocabulary |\\n| ჟამი | zhami | time | Literary/formal usage |\\n\\n## The Velar Fricative Family\\n\\nGeorgian has several consonants produced at or near the velum (back of the mouth):\\n\\n| Sound | Type | Letter |\\n|-------|------|--------|\\n| /k/ | Ejective stop | კ |\\n| /kʰ/ | Aspirated stop | ქ |\\n| /g/ | Voiced stop | გ |\\n| **/x/** | **Voiceless fricative** | **ხ** |\\n| /ɣ/ | Voiced fricative | ღ (Lesson 9) |\\n\\nThe fricatives ხ and ღ form a voiceless-voiced pair, just as შ-ჟ do for the postalveolar position.\\n\\n## Recognizing the Shapes\\n\\n- **ხ** has a distinctive crossed or angular form\\n- **ჯ** features a tall vertical stroke with a curve\\n- **ჟ** has a complex shape with multiple components, reflecting its less common usage\\n\\nPay special attention to distinguishing ჯ from ჯ's visual neighbors in the alphabet.\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **ხ is a velar fricative**: Like German \\\"ch\\\" in \\\"Bach,\\\" not an English sound\\n2. **ჯ is voiced \\\"j\\\"**: The voiced member of the postalveolar affricate triple\\n3. **ჟ is voiced \\\"zh\\\"**: Like English \\\"pleasure,\\\" the voiced counterpart to შ\\n4. **Voiced-voiceless pairs**: შ/ჟ and ჩ/ჯ mirror each other\\n5. **ხილი (fruit)**: A great practice word for the velar fricative\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"advanced-fricative-recognition-08\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Advanced Fricative Recognition\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"khani,jani,zhani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-advanced-fricative-recognition\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its sound description\\n\\n- ხ\\n- ჯ\\n- ჟ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- kh /x/ (Khani) - voiceless velar fricative, like German \\\"Bach\\\"\\n- j /dʒ/ (Jani) - voiced postalveolar affricate, like English \\\"jam\\\"\\n- zh /ʒ/ (Zhani) - voiced postalveolar fricative, like English \\\"pleasure\\\"\\n\\n**Explanation:** These three consonants represent different manners of articulation. ხ is produced at the velum (back of the mouth), while ჯ and ჟ are both postalveolar (behind the alveolar ridge). ჯ is an affricate (stop + fricative) and ჟ is a pure fricative.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"voiced-sibilant-contrast-08\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Voiced Sibilant Pairs\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"jani,zhani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-voiced-sibilant-contrast\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Which pair correctly shows a voiceless consonant and its voiced counterpart?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- შ (voiceless) and ჟ (voiced)\\n- ჩ (voiceless) and ჟ (voiced)\\n- შ (voiceless) and ჯ (voiced)\\n- ხ (voiceless) and ჯ (voiced)\\n\\n**Answer:** 1\\n\\n**Explanation:** შ (/ʃ/, voiceless) and ჟ (/ʒ/, voiced) are a matched fricative pair at the postalveolar position. ჩ (/tʃʰ/) and ჯ (/dʒ/) also form a pair, but they are affricates, not fricatives. The distinction matters: fricatives have continuous airflow, while affricates begin with a stop.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"advanced-word-reading-08\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Word Reading with Advanced Fricatives\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"khani,jani,zhani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-advanced-word-reading\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Read each word, identify the target consonant, and describe how it is produced\\n\\n- ხილი (khili - fruit)\\n- ჯამი (jami - bowl)\\n- ჟამი (zhami - time)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ხ (kh, /x/) - voiceless velar fricative: tongue near velum, continuous airflow\\n- ჯ (j, /dʒ/) - voiced postalveolar affricate: stop release into fricative with voicing\\n- ჟ (zh, /ʒ/) - voiced postalveolar fricative: continuous airflow with voicing\\n\\n**Explanation:** Each word begins with a different type of consonant. ხილი (fruit) is one of the most common Georgian words and provides excellent practice for the velar fricative. ჯამი (bowl) and ჟამი (time) help distinguish the voiced affricate from the voiced fricative.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 9, you'll learn the less common consonants ღ, ძ, and ჰ, including the distinctive voiced velar fricative and the rare Georgian h.\\n\""],"names":["lesson08"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}

package/dist/lesson-09-DDDgHvWa.js

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+const n = `---
+type: lesson
+id: georgian-alphabet-lesson-09
+title: "გაკვეთილი 9 — იშვიათი თანხმოვნები"
+description: "Less Common Consonants: ღ ძ ჰ — The voiced velar fricative gh, voiced affricate dz, and the rare h"
+order: 9
+parentId: georgian-alphabet
+difficulty: intermediate
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - consonants
+  - fricatives
+  - affricates
+  - less-common
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 30
+  prerequisites:
+    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-08
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-less-common-recognition
+      description: "Recognize the less common consonants ღ ძ ჰ"
+      skill: character-recognition
+      references: [ghani, dzili, hae]
+    - id: obj-gh-sound
+      description: "Produce and identify the voiced velar fricative gh"
+      skill: character-sound-mapping
+      references: [ghani]
+    - id: obj-less-common-word-reading
+      description: "Read words containing less common consonants"
+      skill: word-recognition
+      references: [ghani, dzili, hae]
+---
+
+# გაკვეთილი 9 (Lesson 9) — Less Common Consonants
+
+## Introduction
+
+This lesson covers three consonants that are less frequent in everyday writing but appear in important and iconic Georgian words. The star of this lesson is **ღ** (gh), a sound characteristic of Georgian and other Caucasian languages that has no equivalent in English.
+
+## Characters
+
+:::character-set{id="georgian-less-common-consonants" title="Less Common Consonants"}
+
+::character{id="ghani" canonicalRef="ghani" char="ღ" name="ღ ღანი (Ghani)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="fricative" data:voicing="voiced" data:transliteration="gh" data:ipa="ɣ"}
+
+::character{id="dzili" canonicalRef="dzili" char="ძ" name="ძ ძილი (Dzili)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="affricate" data:voicing="voiced" data:transliteration="dz" data:ipa="d͡z"}
+
+::character{id="hae" canonicalRef="hae" char="ჰ" name="ჰ ჰაე (Hae)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="fricative" data:voicing="voiceless" data:transliteration="h" data:ipa="h"}
+
+:::
+
+## Pronunciation Guide
+
+### ღ (Ghani) - /ɣ/
+
+This is a **voiced velar fricative**, one of the most distinctive sounds in Georgian. It is the voiced counterpart to ხ (/x/). To produce it:
+
+1. Position your tongue as if saying "g"
+2. Instead of making a full stop, let air flow through continuously
+3. Add voicing (vocal cord vibration)
+
+The result is a deep, throaty sound. It is similar to:
+- The "r" in French "rouge" (though French r is typically uvular)
+- The "g" in Spanish "amigo" (when pronounced between vowels)
+
+This sound is characteristic of Caucasian languages and appears in one of Georgia's most famous words: **ღვინო** (ghvino, wine).
+
+### ძ (Dzili) - /dz/
+
+Pronounced like the "ds" at the end of English "kids" but at the beginning of a syllable. This is the **voiced alveolar affricate**, completing the three-way system:
+
+| Type | Letter | Sound |
+|------|--------|-------|
+| **Voiced** | **ძ** | /dz/ |
+| Aspirated | ც | /tsʰ/ |
+| Ejective | წ | /tsʼ/ |
+
+The letter name itself, ძილი (dzili), means "sleep."
+
+### ჰ (Hae) - /h/
+
+Pronounced like English "h" in "hello." This is a simple **voiceless glottal fricative**. Despite being easy to pronounce, ჰ is one of the **rarest** consonants in Georgian. It appears in only a handful of native words and some loanwords.
+
+Why is it rare? Georgian historically had no /h/ sound. The letter was added primarily for borrowed words and a few specific native terms. Many Georgian speakers may even drop it in casual speech.
+
+## The Velar Fricative Pair: ხ and ღ
+
+These two consonants form a voiceless-voiced pair at the velum:
+
+| Voicing | Letter | IPA | Example |
+|---------|--------|-----|---------|
+| Voiceless | ხ | /x/ | ხილი (khili, fruit) |
+| **Voiced** | **ღ** | /ɣ/ | ღვინო (ghvino, wine) |
+
+Practice alternating between them:
+- Start with ხ (voiceless): feel no throat vibration
+- Switch to ღ (voiced): feel your throat vibrate
+- The tongue position stays the same; only voicing changes
+
+## Practice Words
+
+| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |
+|------|----------------|---------|-------|
+| ღვინო | ghvino | wine | Georgia's most iconic word |
+| ძილი | dzili | sleep | Also the letter name |
+| ჰავა | hava | climate | One of the few native words with ჰ |
+
+## Georgia and Wine
+
+The word **ღვინო** (ghvino) deserves special attention. Georgia is widely considered the birthplace of winemaking, with archaeological evidence of viticulture dating back 8,000 years. The English word "wine" may ultimately derive from the Georgian ღვინო through various intermediary languages. Learning to pronounce ღ correctly through this word connects you to one of Georgia's deepest cultural traditions.
+
+## The Complete Affricate System
+
+With ძ, you now know all six Georgian affricates:
+
+| Position | Voiced | Aspirated | Ejective |
+|----------|--------|-----------|----------|
+| Alveolar (ts-type) | **ძ** /dz/ | ც /tsʰ/ | წ /tsʼ/ (Lesson 10) |
+| Postalveolar (ch-type) | ჯ /dʒ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ | ჭ /tʃʼ/ (Lesson 10) |
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **ღ is uniquely Caucasian**: The voiced velar fricative has no English equivalent
+2. **ძ completes the alveolar affricates**: Voiced counterpart to ც and წ
+3. **ჰ is rare**: Georgian historically lacked this sound; it appears in few words
+4. **ღვინო (wine)**: Georgia's most culturally significant word and perfect ღ practice
+5. **Voicing pairs**: ხ/ღ mirror each other, differing only in vocal cord vibration
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="less-common-recognition-09" type="matching" title="Less Common Consonant Recognition" skill="character-recognition" tests="ghani,dzili,hae" objectiveId="obj-less-common-recognition"}
+
+**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its transliteration and sound
+
+- ღ
+- ძ
+- ჰ
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- gh /ɣ/ (Ghani) - voiced velar fricative
+- dz /dz/ (Dzili) - voiced alveolar affricate
+- h /h/ (Hae) - voiceless glottal fricative
+
+**Explanation:** These three consonants represent different positions in the mouth: ღ is produced at the velum (back), ძ at the alveolar ridge (front), and ჰ at the glottis (throat). Despite being less common in writing, they appear in important vocabulary.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="gh-sound-production-09" type="multiple-choice" title="Producing the Voiced Velar Fricative" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="ghani" objectiveId="obj-gh-sound"}
+
+**Question:** How do you produce the Georgian sound ღ (/ɣ/)?
+
+**Options:**
+- Like English "g" but with continuous airflow and vocal cord vibration
+- Like English "h" but at the back of the mouth
+- Like English "r" with the tongue curled back
+- Like English "ng" at the end of "sing"
+
+**Answer:** 1
+
+**Explanation:** ღ (/ɣ/) is a voiced velar fricative. Position your tongue as for "g" (velar position), but instead of making a complete stop, allow air to flow continuously through a narrow gap. Add vocal cord vibration (voicing). The result is a deep, throaty sound unlike any English consonant.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="less-common-word-reading-09" type="fill-in-blank" title="Word Reading with Less Common Consonants" skill="word-recognition" tests="ghani,dzili,hae" objectiveId="obj-less-common-word-reading"}
+
+**Question:** Read each word and identify its initial consonant
+
+- ღვინო (wine)
+- ძილი (sleep)
+- ჰავა (climate)
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ღ (gh, /ɣ/) - voiced velar fricative, Georgia's iconic wine word
+- ძ (dz, /dz/) - voiced alveolar affricate, the letter name means "sleep"
+- ჰ (h, /h/) - voiceless glottal fricative, rare in native Georgian words
+
+**Explanation:** These words showcase each consonant in a meaningful context. ღვინო (wine) is perhaps the most culturally important Georgian word and provides essential practice for the unique ღ sound.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 10, you'll learn the final three consonants: the ejective affricates წ and ჭ, and the uvular ejective ყ. You will also review all 33 letters of the Georgian alphabet.
+`;
+export {
+  n as default
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-09-DDDgHvWa.js.map

package/dist/lesson-09-DDDgHvWa.js.map

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+{"version":3,"file":"lesson-09-DDDgHvWa.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-09.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-09\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 9 — იშვიათი თანხმოვნები\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Less Common Consonants: ღ ძ ჰ — The voiced velar fricative gh, voiced affricate dz, and the rare h\\\"\\norder: 9\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n  - consonants\\n  - fricatives\\n  - affricates\\n  - less-common\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 30\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-08\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-less-common-recognition\\n      description: \\\"Recognize the less common consonants ღ ძ ჰ\\\"\\n      skill: character-recognition\\n      references: [ghani, dzili, hae]\\n    - id: obj-gh-sound\\n      description: \\\"Produce and identify the voiced velar fricative gh\\\"\\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\\n      references: [ghani]\\n    - id: obj-less-common-word-reading\\n      description: \\\"Read words containing less common consonants\\\"\\n      skill: word-recognition\\n      references: [ghani, dzili, hae]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 9 (Lesson 9) — Less Common Consonants\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nThis lesson covers three consonants that are less frequent in everyday writing but appear in important and iconic Georgian words. The star of this lesson is **ღ** (gh), a sound characteristic of Georgian and other Caucasian languages that has no equivalent in English.\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-less-common-consonants\\\" title=\\\"Less Common Consonants\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"ghani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"ghani\\\" char=\\\"ღ\\\" name=\\\"ღ ღანი (Ghani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"fricative\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"gh\\\" data:ipa=\\\"ɣ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"dzili\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"dzili\\\" char=\\\"ძ\\\" name=\\\"ძ ძილი (Dzili)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"affricate\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"dz\\\" data:ipa=\\\"d͡z\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"hae\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"hae\\\" char=\\\"ჰ\\\" name=\\\"ჰ ჰაე (Hae)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"fricative\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiceless\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"h\\\" data:ipa=\\\"h\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Pronunciation Guide\\n\\n### ღ (Ghani) - /ɣ/\\n\\nThis is a **voiced velar fricative**, one of the most distinctive sounds in Georgian. It is the voiced counterpart to ხ (/x/). To produce it:\\n\\n1. Position your tongue as if saying \\\"g\\\"\\n2. Instead of making a full stop, let air flow through continuously\\n3. Add voicing (vocal cord vibration)\\n\\nThe result is a deep, throaty sound. It is similar to:\\n- The \\\"r\\\" in French \\\"rouge\\\" (though French r is typically uvular)\\n- The \\\"g\\\" in Spanish \\\"amigo\\\" (when pronounced between vowels)\\n\\nThis sound is characteristic of Caucasian languages and appears in one of Georgia's most famous words: **ღვინო** (ghvino, wine).\\n\\n### ძ (Dzili) - /dz/\\n\\nPronounced like the \\\"ds\\\" at the end of English \\\"kids\\\" but at the beginning of a syllable. This is the **voiced alveolar affricate**, completing the three-way system:\\n\\n| Type | Letter | Sound |\\n|------|--------|-------|\\n| **Voiced** | **ძ** | /dz/ |\\n| Aspirated | ც | /tsʰ/ |\\n| Ejective | წ | /tsʼ/ |\\n\\nThe letter name itself, ძილი (dzili), means \\\"sleep.\\\"\\n\\n### ჰ (Hae) - /h/\\n\\nPronounced like English \\\"h\\\" in \\\"hello.\\\" This is a simple **voiceless glottal fricative**. Despite being easy to pronounce, ჰ is one of the **rarest** consonants in Georgian. It appears in only a handful of native words and some loanwords.\\n\\nWhy is it rare? Georgian historically had no /h/ sound. The letter was added primarily for borrowed words and a few specific native terms. Many Georgian speakers may even drop it in casual speech.\\n\\n## The Velar Fricative Pair: ხ and ღ\\n\\nThese two consonants form a voiceless-voiced pair at the velum:\\n\\n| Voicing | Letter | IPA | Example |\\n|---------|--------|-----|---------|\\n| Voiceless | ხ | /x/ | ხილი (khili, fruit) |\\n| **Voiced** | **ღ** | /ɣ/ | ღვინო (ghvino, wine) |\\n\\nPractice alternating between them:\\n- Start with ხ (voiceless): feel no throat vibration\\n- Switch to ღ (voiced): feel your throat vibrate\\n- The tongue position stays the same; only voicing changes\\n\\n## Practice Words\\n\\n| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |\\n|------|----------------|---------|-------|\\n| ღვინო | ghvino | wine | Georgia's most iconic word |\\n| ძილი | dzili | sleep | Also the letter name |\\n| ჰავა | hava | climate | One of the few native words with ჰ |\\n\\n## Georgia and Wine\\n\\nThe word **ღვინო** (ghvino) deserves special attention. Georgia is widely considered the birthplace of winemaking, with archaeological evidence of viticulture dating back 8,000 years. The English word \\\"wine\\\" may ultimately derive from the Georgian ღვინო through various intermediary languages. Learning to pronounce ღ correctly through this word connects you to one of Georgia's deepest cultural traditions.\\n\\n## The Complete Affricate System\\n\\nWith ძ, you now know all six Georgian affricates:\\n\\n| Position | Voiced | Aspirated | Ejective |\\n|----------|--------|-----------|----------|\\n| Alveolar (ts-type) | **ძ** /dz/ | ც /tsʰ/ | წ /tsʼ/ (Lesson 10) |\\n| Postalveolar (ch-type) | ჯ /dʒ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ | ჭ /tʃʼ/ (Lesson 10) |\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **ღ is uniquely Caucasian**: The voiced velar fricative has no English equivalent\\n2. **ძ completes the alveolar affricates**: Voiced counterpart to ც and წ\\n3. **ჰ is rare**: Georgian historically lacked this sound; it appears in few words\\n4. **ღვინო (wine)**: Georgia's most culturally significant word and perfect ღ practice\\n5. **Voicing pairs**: ხ/ღ mirror each other, differing only in vocal cord vibration\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"less-common-recognition-09\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Less Common Consonant Recognition\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"ghani,dzili,hae\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-less-common-recognition\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its transliteration and sound\\n\\n- ღ\\n- ძ\\n- ჰ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- gh /ɣ/ (Ghani) - voiced velar fricative\\n- dz /dz/ (Dzili) - voiced alveolar affricate\\n- h /h/ (Hae) - voiceless glottal fricative\\n\\n**Explanation:** These three consonants represent different positions in the mouth: ღ is produced at the velum (back), ძ at the alveolar ridge (front), and ჰ at the glottis (throat). Despite being less common in writing, they appear in important vocabulary.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"gh-sound-production-09\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Producing the Voiced Velar Fricative\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"ghani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-gh-sound\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** How do you produce the Georgian sound ღ (/ɣ/)?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- Like English \\\"g\\\" but with continuous airflow and vocal cord vibration\\n- Like English \\\"h\\\" but at the back of the mouth\\n- Like English \\\"r\\\" with the tongue curled back\\n- Like English \\\"ng\\\" at the end of \\\"sing\\\"\\n\\n**Answer:** 1\\n\\n**Explanation:** ღ (/ɣ/) is a voiced velar fricative. Position your tongue as for \\\"g\\\" (velar position), but instead of making a complete stop, allow air to flow continuously through a narrow gap. Add vocal cord vibration (voicing). The result is a deep, throaty sound unlike any English consonant.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"less-common-word-reading-09\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Word Reading with Less Common Consonants\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"ghani,dzili,hae\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-less-common-word-reading\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Read each word and identify its initial consonant\\n\\n- ღვინო (wine)\\n- ძილი (sleep)\\n- ჰავა (climate)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ღ (gh, /ɣ/) - voiced velar fricative, Georgia's iconic wine word\\n- ძ (dz, /dz/) - voiced alveolar affricate, the letter name means \\\"sleep\\\"\\n- ჰ (h, /h/) - voiceless glottal fricative, rare in native Georgian words\\n\\n**Explanation:** These words showcase each consonant in a meaningful context. ღვინო (wine) is perhaps the most culturally important Georgian word and provides essential practice for the unique ღ sound.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 10, you'll learn the final three consonants: the ejective affricates წ and ჭ, and the uvular ejective ყ. 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package/dist/lesson-10-BxDf0Pp3.js

@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+const e = `---
+type: lesson
+id: georgian-alphabet-lesson-10
+title: "გაკვეთილი 10 — ეჟექტიური აფრიკატები და სრული მიმოხილვა"
+description: "Ejective Affricates & Full Review: წ ჭ ყ — Complete the alphabet with ejective affricates and the uvular ejective, then review all 33 characters"
+order: 10
+parentId: georgian-alphabet
+difficulty: intermediate
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - consonants
+  - ejectives
+  - affricates
+  - review
+  - advanced-characters
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 35
+  prerequisites:
+    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-09
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-ejective-affricate-recognition
+      description: "Recognize the ejective affricates წ ჭ and the uvular ejective ყ"
+      skill: character-recognition
+      references: [tsili, chari, qari]
+    - id: obj-ejective-contrast
+      description: "Distinguish ejective consonants from their voiced and aspirated counterparts"
+      skill: character-sound-mapping
+      references: [tsili, chari, qari]
+    - id: obj-full-alphabet-review
+      description: "Identify all 33 characters of the modern Georgian Mkhedruli alphabet"
+      skill: character-recognition
+    - id: obj-complete-word-reading
+      description: "Read words using the complete Georgian alphabet"
+      skill: word-recognition
+      references: [tsili, chari, qari]
+---
+
+# გაკვეთილი 10 (Lesson 10) — Ejective Affricates & Full Review
+
+## Introduction
+
+Congratulations! This lesson completes your journey through all **33 letters** of the modern Georgian Mkhedruli alphabet. You will learn three final consonants: the ejective affricates **წ** and **ჭ**, plus the uvular ejective stop **ყ**. These sounds are among the most distinctive features of Georgian phonology.
+
+## What Are Ejectives?
+
+Ejective consonants are produced with a unique mechanism:
+
+1. The glottis (vocal cords) closes completely
+2. The tongue or lips form a closure at another point in the mouth
+3. The larynx rises, compressing the air between the two closures
+4. Both closures release simultaneously, creating a sharp, popping sound
+
+Ejectives have **no voicing** and **no aspiration**. They sound crisp, abrupt, and intense. There is no equivalent in English or most European languages, but they are common in Caucasian, African, and indigenous American languages.
+
+## Characters
+
+:::character-set{id="georgian-ejective-affricates" title="Ejective Affricates & Uvular Ejective"}
+
+::character{id="tsili" canonicalRef="tsili" char="წ" name="წ წილი (Tsili)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="affricate" data:voicing="ejective" data:transliteration="ts'" data:ipa="t͡sʼ"}
+
+::character{id="chari" canonicalRef="chari" char="ჭ" name="ჭ ჭარი (Chari)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="affricate" data:voicing="ejective" data:transliteration="ch'" data:ipa="t͡ʃʼ"}
+
+::character{id="qari" canonicalRef="qari" char="ყ" name="ყ ყარი (Qari)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="stop" data:voicing="ejective" data:transliteration="q'" data:ipa="qʼ"}
+
+:::
+
+## Pronunciation Guide
+
+### წ (Tsili) - /tsʼ/
+
+This is an **ejective alveolar affricate**. It sounds like "ts" in "cats" but with glottalic airflow instead of pulmonary air. To practice:
+
+1. Say "ts" (as in "cats")
+2. Now try to produce it without any air from your lungs
+3. Close your glottis, build pressure, and release both closures at once
+4. The result should sound sharp and clipped, with no aspiration
+
+Compare the three alveolar affricates:
+- ძ /dz/ — voiced, with throat vibration
+- ც /tsʰ/ — aspirated, with a puff of air
+- **წ /tsʼ/** — ejective, sharp and clipped
+
+### ჭ (Chari) - /tʃʼ/
+
+This is an **ejective postalveolar affricate**. It sounds like "ch" in "church" but produced with the same ejective mechanism as წ. Compare:
+- ჯ /dʒ/ — voiced "j" sound
+- ჩ /tʃʰ/ — aspirated "ch" sound
+- **ჭ /tʃʼ/** — ejective "ch" sound, sharp and abrupt
+
+### ყ (Qari) - /qʼ/
+
+This is an **ejective uvular stop**, perhaps the most exotic sound in the Georgian alphabet. It is produced even further back than კ (velar ejective):
+
+- კ /kʼ/ — ejective at the **velum** (soft palate)
+- **ყ /qʼ/** — ejective at the **uvula** (even further back)
+
+To produce ყ, the back of the tongue contacts the uvula while the glottis closes. The simultaneous release creates a deep, abrupt pop. This sound is common in Arabic (as the letter ق) and in many Caucasian languages.
+
+## The Complete Three-Way System
+
+With these final consonants, the full Georgian three-way contrast system is complete:
+
+### Stops
+
+| Place | Voiced | Aspirated | Ejective |
+|-------|--------|-----------|----------|
+| Labial | ბ /b/ | ფ /pʰ/ | პ /pʼ/ |
+| Dental | დ /d/ | თ /tʰ/ | ტ /tʼ/ |
+| Velar | გ /g/ | ქ /kʰ/ | კ /kʼ/ |
+| Uvular | — | — | **ყ /qʼ/** |
+
+### Affricates
+
+| Place | Voiced | Aspirated | Ejective |
+|-------|--------|-----------|----------|
+| Alveolar | ძ /dz/ | ც /tsʰ/ | **წ /tsʼ/** |
+| Postalveolar | ჯ /dʒ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ | **ჭ /tʃʼ/** |
+
+## Practice Words
+
+| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |
+|------|----------------|---------|-------|
+| წელი | ts'eli | year | Common word with ejective წ |
+| ჭამა | ch'ama | eating | Everyday word, ejective ჭ |
+| ყავა | q'ava | coffee | Georgia's beloved coffee, ejective ყ |
+
+## Georgia and Coffee
+
+The word **ყავა** (q'ava, coffee) provides an excellent practice word for the uvular ejective. Georgian coffee culture is deeply rooted, and the strong, rich Turkish-style coffee served throughout the country mirrors the intensity of the ყ sound itself.
+
+## The Complete 33-Letter Alphabet
+
+Here are all 33 letters of the modern Mkhedruli alphabet in traditional order:
+
+**ა ბ გ დ ე ვ ზ თ ი კ ლ მ ნ ო პ ჟ რ ს ტ უ ფ ქ ღ ყ შ ჩ ც ძ წ ჭ ხ ჯ ჰ**
+
+### By Category:
+
+**Vowels (5):**
+ა /ɑ/, ე /ɛ/, ი /i/, ო /ɔ/, უ /u/
+
+**Stops — Voiced:**
+ბ /b/, გ /g/, დ /d/
+
+**Stops — Aspirated:**
+თ /tʰ/, ფ /pʰ/, ქ /kʰ/
+
+**Stops — Ejective:**
+კ /kʼ/, პ /pʼ/, ტ /tʼ/, ყ /qʼ/
+
+**Affricates — Voiced:**
+ძ /dz/, ჯ /dʒ/
+
+**Affricates — Aspirated:**
+ც /tsʰ/, ჩ /tʃʰ/
+
+**Affricates — Ejective:**
+წ /tsʼ/, ჭ /tʃʼ/
+
+**Fricatives — Voiceless:**
+ს /s/, შ /ʃ/, ხ /x/, ჰ /h/
+
+**Fricatives — Voiced:**
+ზ /z/, ჟ /ʒ/, ღ /ɣ/
+
+**Sonorants:**
+ვ /v/, ლ /l/, მ /m/, ნ /n/, რ /r/
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **Ejectives use glottalic air**: No voicing, no aspiration, just a sharp pop
+2. **ყ is uvular**: Produced even further back than the velar ejective კ
+3. **Three-way system is complete**: Every stop and affricate position has voiced/aspirated/ejective variants
+4. **33 letters total**: 5 vowels, 28 consonants in the modern Mkhedruli script
+5. **Practice with real words**: წელი (year), ჭამა (eating), ყავა (coffee)
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="ejective-recognition-10" type="matching" title="Ejective Affricate Recognition" skill="character-recognition" tests="tsili,chari,qari" objectiveId="obj-ejective-affricate-recognition"}
+
+**Question:** Match each ejective consonant to its transliteration and description
+
+- წ
+- ჭ
+- ყ
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ts' /tsʼ/ (Tsili) - ejective alveolar affricate
+- ch' /tʃʼ/ (Chari) - ejective postalveolar affricate
+- q' /qʼ/ (Qari) - ejective uvular stop
+
+**Explanation:** These three consonants are all ejectives, produced with glottalic airflow rather than pulmonary air. წ and ჭ are affricates (stop + fricative release), while ყ is a pure stop at the uvular position.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="ejective-contrast-10" type="multiple-choice" title="Ejective vs Aspirated vs Voiced" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="tsili,chari,qari" objectiveId="obj-ejective-contrast"}
+
+**Question:** What distinguishes an ejective consonant (like წ, ჭ, ყ) from an aspirated consonant (like ც, ჩ, ქ)?
+
+**Options:**
+- Ejectives are louder than aspirated consonants
+- Ejectives use glottalic airflow (glottis closure) while aspirated consonants use pulmonary air with a puff
+- Ejectives are voiced while aspirated consonants are voiceless
+- Ejectives are produced at the back of the mouth while aspirated consonants are at the front
+
+**Answer:** 2
+
+**Explanation:** The key distinction is the airstream mechanism. Ejectives close the glottis and use the rising larynx to compress air, producing a sharp, clipped sound. Aspirated consonants use normal lung air followed by a noticeable puff. Neither type involves vocal cord vibration (voicing).
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="full-alphabet-review-10" type="matching" title="Full Alphabet Review" skill="character-recognition" objectiveId="obj-full-alphabet-review"}
+
+**Question:** Classify each consonant by its manner of articulation
+
+- პ, ტ, კ, ყ
+- წ, ჭ
+- ბ, გ, დ
+- ს, შ, ხ, ჰ
+- ზ, ჟ, ღ
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- Ejective stops: პ /pʼ/, ტ /tʼ/, კ /kʼ/, ყ /qʼ/
+- Ejective affricates: წ /tsʼ/, ჭ /tʃʼ/
+- Voiced stops: ბ /b/, გ /g/, დ /d/
+- Voiceless fricatives: ს /s/, შ /ʃ/, ხ /x/, ჰ /h/
+- Voiced fricatives: ზ /z/, ჟ /ʒ/, ღ /ɣ/
+
+**Explanation:** Georgian consonants are organized by manner of articulation (how they are produced) and voicing. The three-way stop/affricate system (voiced/aspirated/ejective) is the defining feature of Georgian phonology. Fricatives follow a simpler voiced/voiceless distinction.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="complete-word-reading-10" type="fill-in-blank" title="Complete Word Reading" skill="word-recognition" tests="tsili,chari,qari" objectiveId="obj-complete-word-reading"}
+
+**Question:** Read each word, identify the ejective consonant, and give its meaning
+
+- წელი
+- ჭამა
+- ყავა
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- წელი (ts'eli) - year; წ is an ejective alveolar affricate /tsʼ/
+- ჭამა (ch'ama) - eating; ჭ is an ejective postalveolar affricate /tʃʼ/
+- ყავა (q'ava) - coffee; ყ is an ejective uvular stop /qʼ/
+
+**Explanation:** These three words showcase Georgian ejective consonants in everyday vocabulary. Practice producing each ejective with a sharp, clipped quality and no aspiration. The word ყავა (coffee) is especially useful since it contains both the challenging ყ and common vowels.
+
+:::
+
+## Congratulations!
+
+You have now learned all **33 letters** of the modern Georgian Mkhedruli alphabet. This is a significant achievement! The Georgian script is one of the world's 14 unique alphabets and has been recognized by UNESCO as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
+
+## What's Next
+
+Continue practicing character recognition and pronunciation with real Georgian texts. Focus on:
+- Distinguishing the three-way contrasts (voiced/aspirated/ejective)
+- Reading common words without transliteration
+- Building speed in letter recognition
+`;
+export {
+  e as default
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-10-BxDf0Pp3.js.map

package/dist/lesson-10-BxDf0Pp3.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"lesson-10-BxDf0Pp3.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-10.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-10\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 10 — ეჟექტიური აფრიკატები და სრული მიმოხილვა\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Ejective Affricates & Full Review: წ ჭ ყ — Complete the alphabet with ejective affricates and the uvular ejective, then review all 33 characters\\\"\\norder: 10\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n  - consonants\\n  - ejectives\\n  - affricates\\n  - review\\n  - advanced-characters\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 35\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-09\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-ejective-affricate-recognition\\n      description: \\\"Recognize the ejective affricates წ ჭ and the uvular ejective ყ\\\"\\n      skill: character-recognition\\n      references: [tsili, chari, qari]\\n    - id: obj-ejective-contrast\\n      description: \\\"Distinguish ejective consonants from their voiced and aspirated counterparts\\\"\\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\\n      references: [tsili, chari, qari]\\n    - id: obj-full-alphabet-review\\n      description: \\\"Identify all 33 characters of the modern Georgian Mkhedruli alphabet\\\"\\n      skill: character-recognition\\n    - id: obj-complete-word-reading\\n      description: \\\"Read words using the complete Georgian alphabet\\\"\\n      skill: word-recognition\\n      references: [tsili, chari, qari]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 10 (Lesson 10) — Ejective Affricates & Full Review\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nCongratulations! This lesson completes your journey through all **33 letters** of the modern Georgian Mkhedruli alphabet. You will learn three final consonants: the ejective affricates **წ** and **ჭ**, plus the uvular ejective stop **ყ**. These sounds are among the most distinctive features of Georgian phonology.\\n\\n## What Are Ejectives?\\n\\nEjective consonants are produced with a unique mechanism:\\n\\n1. The glottis (vocal cords) closes completely\\n2. The tongue or lips form a closure at another point in the mouth\\n3. The larynx rises, compressing the air between the two closures\\n4. Both closures release simultaneously, creating a sharp, popping sound\\n\\nEjectives have **no voicing** and **no aspiration**. They sound crisp, abrupt, and intense. There is no equivalent in English or most European languages, but they are common in Caucasian, African, and indigenous American languages.\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-ejective-affricates\\\" title=\\\"Ejective Affricates & Uvular Ejective\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"tsili\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"tsili\\\" char=\\\"წ\\\" name=\\\"წ წილი (Tsili)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"affricate\\\" data:voicing=\\\"ejective\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"ts'\\\" data:ipa=\\\"t͡sʼ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"chari\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"chari\\\" char=\\\"ჭ\\\" name=\\\"ჭ ჭარი (Chari)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"affricate\\\" data:voicing=\\\"ejective\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"ch'\\\" data:ipa=\\\"t͡ʃʼ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"qari\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"qari\\\" char=\\\"ყ\\\" name=\\\"ყ ყარი (Qari)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"stop\\\" data:voicing=\\\"ejective\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"q'\\\" data:ipa=\\\"qʼ\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Pronunciation Guide\\n\\n### წ (Tsili) - /tsʼ/\\n\\nThis is an **ejective alveolar affricate**. It sounds like \\\"ts\\\" in \\\"cats\\\" but with glottalic airflow instead of pulmonary air. To practice:\\n\\n1. Say \\\"ts\\\" (as in \\\"cats\\\")\\n2. Now try to produce it without any air from your lungs\\n3. Close your glottis, build pressure, and release both closures at once\\n4. The result should sound sharp and clipped, with no aspiration\\n\\nCompare the three alveolar affricates:\\n- ძ /dz/ — voiced, with throat vibration\\n- ც /tsʰ/ — aspirated, with a puff of air\\n- **წ /tsʼ/** — ejective, sharp and clipped\\n\\n### ჭ (Chari) - /tʃʼ/\\n\\nThis is an **ejective postalveolar affricate**. It sounds like \\\"ch\\\" in \\\"church\\\" but produced with the same ejective mechanism as წ. Compare:\\n- ჯ /dʒ/ — voiced \\\"j\\\" sound\\n- ჩ /tʃʰ/ — aspirated \\\"ch\\\" sound\\n- **ჭ /tʃʼ/** — ejective \\\"ch\\\" sound, sharp and abrupt\\n\\n### ყ (Qari) - /qʼ/\\n\\nThis is an **ejective uvular stop**, perhaps the most exotic sound in the Georgian alphabet. It is produced even further back than კ (velar ejective):\\n\\n- კ /kʼ/ — ejective at the **velum** (soft palate)\\n- **ყ /qʼ/** — ejective at the **uvula** (even further back)\\n\\nTo produce ყ, the back of the tongue contacts the uvula while the glottis closes. The simultaneous release creates a deep, abrupt pop. This sound is common in Arabic (as the letter ق) and in many Caucasian languages.\\n\\n## The Complete Three-Way System\\n\\nWith these final consonants, the full Georgian three-way contrast system is complete:\\n\\n### Stops\\n\\n| Place | Voiced | Aspirated | Ejective |\\n|-------|--------|-----------|----------|\\n| Labial | ბ /b/ | ფ /pʰ/ | პ /pʼ/ |\\n| Dental | დ /d/ | თ /tʰ/ | ტ /tʼ/ |\\n| Velar | გ /g/ | ქ /kʰ/ | კ /kʼ/ |\\n| Uvular | — | — | **ყ /qʼ/** |\\n\\n### Affricates\\n\\n| Place | Voiced | Aspirated | Ejective |\\n|-------|--------|-----------|----------|\\n| Alveolar | ძ /dz/ | ც /tsʰ/ | **წ /tsʼ/** |\\n| Postalveolar | ჯ /dʒ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ | **ჭ /tʃʼ/** |\\n\\n## Practice Words\\n\\n| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |\\n|------|----------------|---------|-------|\\n| წელი | ts'eli | year | Common word with ejective წ |\\n| ჭამა | ch'ama | eating | Everyday word, ejective ჭ |\\n| ყავა | q'ava | coffee | Georgia's beloved coffee, ejective ყ |\\n\\n## Georgia and Coffee\\n\\nThe word **ყავა** (q'ava, coffee) provides an excellent practice word for the uvular ejective. Georgian coffee culture is deeply rooted, and the strong, rich Turkish-style coffee served throughout the country mirrors the intensity of the ყ sound itself.\\n\\n## The Complete 33-Letter Alphabet\\n\\nHere are all 33 letters of the modern Mkhedruli alphabet in traditional order:\\n\\n**ა ბ გ დ ე ვ ზ თ ი კ ლ მ ნ ო პ ჟ რ ს ტ უ ფ ქ ღ ყ შ ჩ ც ძ წ ჭ ხ ჯ ჰ**\\n\\n### By Category:\\n\\n**Vowels (5):**\\nა /ɑ/, ე /ɛ/, ი /i/, ო /ɔ/, უ /u/\\n\\n**Stops — Voiced:**\\nბ /b/, გ /g/, დ /d/\\n\\n**Stops — Aspirated:**\\nთ /tʰ/, ფ /pʰ/, ქ /kʰ/\\n\\n**Stops — Ejective:**\\nკ /kʼ/, პ /pʼ/, ტ /tʼ/, ყ /qʼ/\\n\\n**Affricates — Voiced:**\\nძ /dz/, ჯ /dʒ/\\n\\n**Affricates — Aspirated:**\\nც /tsʰ/, ჩ /tʃʰ/\\n\\n**Affricates — Ejective:**\\nწ /tsʼ/, ჭ /tʃʼ/\\n\\n**Fricatives — Voiceless:**\\nს /s/, შ /ʃ/, ხ /x/, ჰ /h/\\n\\n**Fricatives — Voiced:**\\nზ /z/, ჟ /ʒ/, ღ /ɣ/\\n\\n**Sonorants:**\\nვ /v/, ლ /l/, მ /m/, ნ /n/, რ /r/\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **Ejectives use glottalic air**: No voicing, no aspiration, just a sharp pop\\n2. **ყ is uvular**: Produced even further back than the velar ejective კ\\n3. **Three-way system is complete**: Every stop and affricate position has voiced/aspirated/ejective variants\\n4. **33 letters total**: 5 vowels, 28 consonants in the modern Mkhedruli script\\n5. **Practice with real words**: წელი (year), ჭამა (eating), ყავა (coffee)\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ejective-recognition-10\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Ejective Affricate Recognition\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"tsili,chari,qari\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-ejective-affricate-recognition\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each ejective consonant to its transliteration and description\\n\\n- წ\\n- ჭ\\n- ყ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ts' /tsʼ/ (Tsili) - ejective alveolar affricate\\n- ch' /tʃʼ/ (Chari) - ejective postalveolar affricate\\n- q' /qʼ/ (Qari) - ejective uvular stop\\n\\n**Explanation:** These three consonants are all ejectives, produced with glottalic airflow rather than pulmonary air. წ and ჭ are affricates (stop + fricative release), while ყ is a pure stop at the uvular position.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ejective-contrast-10\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Ejective vs Aspirated vs Voiced\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"tsili,chari,qari\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-ejective-contrast\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** What distinguishes an ejective consonant (like წ, ჭ, ყ) from an aspirated consonant (like ც, ჩ, ქ)?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- Ejectives are louder than aspirated consonants\\n- Ejectives use glottalic airflow (glottis closure) while aspirated consonants use pulmonary air with a puff\\n- Ejectives are voiced while aspirated consonants are voiceless\\n- Ejectives are produced at the back of the mouth while aspirated consonants are at the front\\n\\n**Answer:** 2\\n\\n**Explanation:** The key distinction is the airstream mechanism. Ejectives close the glottis and use the rising larynx to compress air, producing a sharp, clipped sound. Aspirated consonants use normal lung air followed by a noticeable puff. Neither type involves vocal cord vibration (voicing).\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"full-alphabet-review-10\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Full Alphabet Review\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-full-alphabet-review\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Classify each consonant by its manner of articulation\\n\\n- პ, ტ, კ, ყ\\n- წ, ჭ\\n- ბ, გ, დ\\n- ს, შ, ხ, ჰ\\n- ზ, ჟ, ღ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- Ejective stops: პ /pʼ/, ტ /tʼ/, კ /kʼ/, ყ /qʼ/\\n- Ejective affricates: წ /tsʼ/, ჭ /tʃʼ/\\n- Voiced stops: ბ /b/, გ /g/, დ /d/\\n- Voiceless fricatives: ს /s/, შ /ʃ/, ხ /x/, ჰ /h/\\n- Voiced fricatives: ზ /z/, ჟ /ʒ/, ღ /ɣ/\\n\\n**Explanation:** Georgian consonants are organized by manner of articulation (how they are produced) and voicing. The three-way stop/affricate system (voiced/aspirated/ejective) is the defining feature of Georgian phonology. Fricatives follow a simpler voiced/voiceless distinction.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"complete-word-reading-10\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Complete Word Reading\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"tsili,chari,qari\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-complete-word-reading\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Read each word, identify the ejective consonant, and give its meaning\\n\\n- წელი\\n- ჭამა\\n- ყავა\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- წელი (ts'eli) - year; წ is an ejective alveolar affricate /tsʼ/\\n- ჭამა (ch'ama) - eating; ჭ is an ejective postalveolar affricate /tʃʼ/\\n- ყავა (q'ava) - coffee; ყ is an ejective uvular stop /qʼ/\\n\\n**Explanation:** These three words showcase Georgian ejective consonants in everyday vocabulary. Practice producing each ejective with a sharp, clipped quality and no aspiration. The word ყავა (coffee) is especially useful since it contains both the challenging ყ and common vowels.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Congratulations!\\n\\nYou have now learned all **33 letters** of the modern Georgian Mkhedruli alphabet. This is a significant achievement! The Georgian script is one of the world's 14 unique alphabets and has been recognized by UNESCO as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nContinue practicing character recognition and pronunciation with real Georgian texts. 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package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import { SyllabusConfig, ContentLoader } from '../../shared.js';
+export declare const config: SyllabusConfig;
+export declare const loader: ContentLoader;
+export declare const loadLesson: (lessonNumber: number) => Promise<import('../../shared.js').LoadedLesson>;
+export declare const loadAllLessons: () => Promise<import('../../shared.js').LoadedLesson[]>;
+export declare const getAvailableLessons: () => number[];
+//# sourceMappingURL=index.d.ts.map

package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import { c as o, g as l, a as e, b as n, l as d } from "../../index-D9QQnpu5.js";
+export {
+  o as config,
+  l as getAvailableLessons,
+  e as loadAllLessons,
+  n as loadLesson,
+  d as loader
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=index.js.map

package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"index.js","sources":[],"sourcesContent":[],"names":[],"mappings":";"}

package/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+{
+  "name": "@syllst/ka",
+  "version": "0.2.0",
+  "description": "Georgian SYLLST content - Georgian alphabet syllabus (Mkhedruli script)",
+  "type": "module",
+  "main": "./dist/index.js",
+  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
+  "exports": {
+    ".": {
+      "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
+      "import": "./dist/index.js"
+    },
+    "./alphabet": {
+      "types": "./dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.d.ts",
+      "import": "./dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.js"
+    }
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "dist",
+    "src/syllabi/**/*.mdx"
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tsx": "^4.7.0",
+    "vite": "^5.4.0",
+    "vite-plugin-dts": "^4.0.0",
+    "@laeng/ka": "0.2.0",
+    "@syllst/content-shared": "0.2.0"
+  },
+  "peerDependencies": {
+    "@syllst/core": "^0.4.0",
+    "@syllst/processor": "^0.4.0"
+  },
+  "publishConfig": {
+    "access": "public"
+  },
+  "keywords": [
+    "georgian",
+    "kartuli",
+    "language-learning",
+    "syllst",
+    "mdx",
+    "alphabet",
+    "mkhedruli"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "https://github.com/fustilio/polyglot-bundles",
+    "directory": "packages/ka/syllst"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "build": "vite build",
+    "clean": "rm -rf dist",
+    "lint": "eslint src",
+    "test": "vitest run",
+    "validate": "tsx scripts/validate-ids.ts"
+  }
+}