@syllst/ka 0.2.0

package/dist/lesson-05-5ITBa2Ia.js.map

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+{"version":3,"file":"lesson-05-5ITBa2Ia.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-05.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-05\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 5 — Ejective Stops\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Ejective stops ტ, კ, პ — Georgian's most distinctive consonants and the three-way stop contrast\\\"\\norder: 5\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n  - consonants\\n  - stops\\n  - ejective\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 25\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-04\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-recognize-ejectives\\n      description: \\\"Recognize the ejective stop consonants ტ, კ, and პ\\\"\\n      skill: character-recognition\\n      references: [tari, kani, pari]\\n    - id: obj-ejective-sounds\\n      description: \\\"Produce the ejective stop sounds with a glottal closure\\\"\\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\\n      references: [tari, kani, pari]\\n    - id: obj-aspirated-vs-ejective\\n      description: \\\"Distinguish aspirated stops from ejective stops in Georgian\\\"\\n      skill: character-class-identification\\n      references: [tari, kani, pari, tani, qani, phari]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 5 (Lesson 5) — Ejective Stops\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nEjective consonants are the hallmark of Georgian phonology and one of the most fascinating sounds in any language. Found throughout the Caucasus region but rare in European languages, ejectives give Georgian its distinctive crisp, percussive quality. In this lesson, you will learn the three ejective stops and practice distinguishing them from the aspirated stops you learned in Lesson 4.\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-ejective-stops\\\" title=\\\"Ejective Stops\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"tari\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"tari\\\" char=\\\"ტ\\\" name=\\\"ტ ტარი (Tari)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"stop\\\" data:voicing=\\\"ejective\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"t'\\\" data:ipa=\\\"tʼ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"kani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"kani\\\" char=\\\"კ\\\" name=\\\"კ კანი (Kani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"stop\\\" data:voicing=\\\"ejective\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"k'\\\" data:ipa=\\\"kʼ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"pari\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"pari\\\" char=\\\"პ\\\" name=\\\"პ პარი (Pari)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"stop\\\" data:voicing=\\\"ejective\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"p'\\\" data:ipa=\\\"pʼ\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What Are Ejective Consonants?\\n\\nEjectives are produced using a fundamentally different mechanism than most consonants:\\n\\n1. **Close the glottis** (the space between your vocal cords, in your throat)\\n2. **Close the mouth** at the appropriate position (lips for პ, tongue tip for ტ, back tongue for კ)\\n3. **Raise the larynx** (Adam's apple moves up), compressing the air trapped between the two closures\\n4. **Release the mouth closure** -- the compressed air pops out with a sharp, crisp sound\\n5. **No airflow from lungs** -- unlike aspirated sounds, no air rushes through\\n\\nThe result is a short, sharp, percussive sound with no breathiness. It sounds like a quiet \\\"pop\\\" or \\\"click\\\" compared to the breathy release of aspirated stops.\\n\\n## The Three Ejective Stops\\n\\n| Letter | Name | IPA | Transliteration | Place of Articulation |\\n|--------|------|-----|-----------------|-----------------------|\\n| ტ | ტარი (Tari) | /tʼ/ | t' | Alveolar (tongue tip behind teeth) |\\n| კ | კანი (Kani) | /kʼ/ | k' | Velar (back of tongue) |\\n| პ | პარი (Pari) | /pʼ/ | p' | Bilabial (both lips) |\\n\\nThe apostrophe in the transliteration (t', k', p') is the standard way to mark ejectives in linguistic notation.\\n\\n## How to Produce Ejectives\\n\\nTry this exercise to feel the glottal closure:\\n\\n1. Say \\\"uh-oh\\\" -- the break between \\\"uh\\\" and \\\"oh\\\" is a glottal stop\\n2. Now hold that closed-throat feeling\\n3. With your throat closed, press your lips together (for პ)\\n4. Push your throat upward slightly, then pop your lips open\\n5. You should hear a crisp pop with no air following it\\n\\nCompare this with ფ (aspirated): say \\\"pot\\\" and feel the air puff. Then say პ with no air at all -- just a pop.\\n\\n## The Complete Three-Way System\\n\\nNow you can see the full picture of Georgian stop consonants:\\n\\n| Place | Voiced | Aspirated | Ejective |\\n|-------|--------|-----------|----------|\\n| Bilabial (lips) | ბ /b/ | ფ /pʰ/ | **პ /pʼ/** |\\n| Alveolar (tongue tip) | დ /d/ | თ /tʰ/ | **ტ /tʼ/** |\\n| Velar (back tongue) | გ /ɡ/ | ქ /kʰ/ | **კ /kʼ/** |\\n\\nEach row shares the same **place** of articulation (where in the mouth the closure happens). Each column shares the same **manner** (how the sound is released):\\n\\n- **Voiced**: Vocal cords vibrate during the closure\\n- **Aspirated**: Voiceless with a puff of air after release\\n- **Ejective**: Voiceless with glottal compression, no air puff\\n\\nThis three-way distinction is one of the defining features of South Caucasian (Kartvelian) languages.\\n\\n## Minimal Pairs: Aspirated vs. Ejective\\n\\nThese word pairs differ only in whether the stop is aspirated or ejective:\\n\\n| Aspirated | Meaning | Ejective | Meaning |\\n|-----------|---------|----------|---------|\\n| **თ**ავი /tʰavi/ | head | **ტ**ანი /tʼani/ | body |\\n| **ქ**არი /kʰari/ | wind | **კ**არი /kʼari/ | door |\\n| **ფ**ული /pʰuli/ | money | **პ**ური /pʼuri/ | bread |\\n\\nListen carefully to the difference: the aspirated versions have a breathy release (like English), while the ejective versions have a sharp pop with no breath.\\n\\n## Words with Ejective Stops\\n\\n| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |\\n|------|--------------|---------|\\n| კარი | kʼa-ri | door |\\n| ტანი | tʼa-ni | body |\\n| პური | pʼu-ri | bread |\\n| კალამი | kʼa-la-mi | pen |\\n| პირი | pʼi-ri | mouth; face |\\n| ტალი | tʼa-li | a type of elm tree |\\n\\n**პური** (p'uri, \\\"bread\\\") is an essential Georgian word. Georgian bread, especially **შოთი** (shoti) baked in a traditional clay oven called a **თონე** (tone), is central to Georgian culture and cuisine.\\n\\n## Recognizing the Shapes\\n\\nCompare aspirated and ejective characters -- they look completely different despite representing related sounds:\\n\\n| Aspirated | Ejective | Sound Pair |\\n|-----------|----------|------------|\\n| თ | ტ | t-sounds |\\n| ქ | კ | k-sounds |\\n| ფ | პ | p-sounds |\\n\\nUnlike some writing systems where related sounds have similar-looking letters, Georgian gives each consonant a unique shape. You must learn each character independently.\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **Ejectives use glottal compression**: Close throat, seal mouth, push up, pop open\\n2. **No air puff**: The key difference from aspirated stops -- ejectives are crisp and dry\\n3. **Three-way system**: Voiced (ბ, დ, გ) vs. aspirated (თ, ქ, ფ) vs. ejective (ტ, კ, პ)\\n4. **Minimal pairs**: თავი/ტანი, ქარი/კარი, ფული/პური -- the distinction changes meaning\\n5. **Unique to Caucasian languages**: Rare in Europe, common in Georgian, Chechen, and other Caucasian languages\\n6. **Apostrophe notation**: Ejectives are written t', k', p' in transliteration\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-05-recognition\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Identify Ejective Stops\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"tari,kani,pari\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-recognize-ejectives\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian ejective stop to its name and sound\\n\\n- ტ\\n- კ\\n- პ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ტ = Tari /tʼ/ (ejective \\\"t\\\", tongue behind teeth)\\n- კ = Kani /kʼ/ (ejective \\\"k\\\", back of tongue)\\n- პ = Pari /pʼ/ (ejective \\\"p\\\", both lips)\\n\\n**Explanation:** These three ejective stops are produced with glottal compression rather than lung air. They form the third column of Georgian's three-way stop system alongside voiced and aspirated stops.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-05-sounds\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Ejective Sound Production\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"tari,kani,pari\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-ejective-sounds\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Describe how to produce each ejective sound. What makes ejectives different from aspirated stops?\\n\\n- ტ is produced by ___\\n- კ is produced by ___\\n- პ is produced by ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ტ /tʼ/ is produced by closing the glottis, placing the tongue tip behind the teeth, raising the larynx, and popping the tongue open with no air puff\\n- კ /kʼ/ is produced by closing the glottis, raising the back of the tongue to the velum, raising the larynx, and releasing with no air puff\\n- პ /pʼ/ is produced by closing the glottis, pressing the lips together, raising the larynx, and popping the lips open with no air puff\\n\\n**Explanation:** All three ejectives share the same mechanism: glottal closure traps air in the mouth, the larynx pushes up to compress it, and the mouth releases with a crisp pop. The difference from aspirated stops is the absence of lung airflow -- no breathy puff follows the release.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-05-contrast\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Aspirated vs. Ejective Contrast\\\" skill=\\\"character-class-identification\\\" tests=\\\"tani,qani,phari,tari,kani,pari\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-aspirated-vs-ejective\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Sort these Georgian stops into their correct category: aspirated or ejective\\n\\n- თ\\n- ტ\\n- ქ\\n- კ\\n- ფ\\n- პ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- **Aspirated** (voiceless, puff of air): თ /tʰ/, ქ /kʰ/, ფ /pʰ/\\n- **Ejective** (glottal compression, no air): ტ /tʼ/, კ /kʼ/, პ /pʼ/\\n\\n**Explanation:** The aspirated stops (თ, ქ, ფ) are produced with lung air and a breathy release, similar to English \\\"t\\\", \\\"k\\\", \\\"p\\\" at the start of words. The ejective stops (ტ, კ, პ) are produced with glottal compression and a sharp pop. Remember the minimal pairs: ქარი (wind) vs. კარი (door), ფული (money) vs. პური (bread), თავი (head) vs. ტანი (body).\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nYou have now learned 17 of Georgia's 33 characters, including the complete vowel system and the foundational consonant categories. Future lessons will introduce the remaining consonants: voiced stops (ბ, გ, დ), additional fricatives (ზ, შ, ხ, ჟ, ღ), affricates (ც, ძ, ჩ, ჭ, წ, ჯ), and the glottal consonant ჰ.\\n\""],"names":["lesson05"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}

package/dist/lesson-06-DcGxfTbB.js

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+const n = `---
+type: lesson
+id: georgian-alphabet-lesson-06
+title: "გაკვეთილი 6 — ხმოვანი თანხმოვნები"
+description: "Voiced Consonants: ბ გ დ ზ — Completing the three-way stop system with voiced stops and the fricative z"
+order: 6
+parentId: georgian-alphabet
+difficulty: beginner
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - consonants
+  - voiced
+  - basic-characters
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 25
+  prerequisites:
+    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-05
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-voiced-recognition
+      description: "Recognize the voiced consonants ბ გ დ ზ"
+      skill: character-recognition
+      references: [bani, gani, doni, zeni]
+    - id: obj-three-way-contrast
+      description: "Understand the three-way stop contrast: voiced, aspirated, and ejective"
+      skill: character-sound-mapping
+      references: [bani, gani, doni]
+    - id: obj-voiced-word-reading
+      description: "Read simple words using voiced consonants"
+      skill: word-recognition
+      references: [bani, gani, doni, zeni]
+---
+
+# გაკვეთილი 6 (Lesson 6) — Voiced Consonants
+
+## Introduction
+
+Georgian has a remarkable **three-way distinction** among stop consonants that is rare among the world's languages. While English distinguishes only voiced and voiceless stops (b vs p), Georgian adds a third category: **ejective** stops. In this lesson, you learn the **voiced** members of this system, plus the voiced fricative ზ.
+
+## The Three-Way Stop System
+
+Understanding this system is key to Georgian phonology:
+
+| Type | Lips (labial) | Tongue-tip (dental) | Back (velar) |
+|------|---------------|---------------------|---------------|
+| **Voiced** | ბ /b/ | დ /d/ | გ /g/ |
+| **Aspirated** | ფ /pʰ/ | თ /tʰ/ | ქ /kʰ/ |
+| **Ejective** | პ /pʼ/ | ტ /tʼ/ | კ /kʼ/ |
+
+- **Voiced**: Vocal cords vibrate during the sound (like English b, d, g)
+- **Aspirated**: A puff of air follows the release (like English p, t, k at the start of a word)
+- **Ejective**: The glottis closes, creating a sharp, popping sound (unique to Georgian and other Caucasian languages)
+
+## Characters
+
+:::character-set{id="georgian-voiced-consonants" title="Voiced Consonants"}
+
+::character{id="bani" canonicalRef="bani" char="ბ" name="ბ ბანი (Bani)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="stop" data:voicing="voiced" data:transliteration="b" data:ipa="b"}
+
+::character{id="gani" canonicalRef="gani" char="გ" name="გ განი (Gani)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="stop" data:voicing="voiced" data:transliteration="g" data:ipa="ɡ"}
+
+::character{id="doni" canonicalRef="doni" char="დ" name="დ დონი (Doni)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="stop" data:voicing="voiced" data:transliteration="d" data:ipa="d"}
+
+::character{id="zeni" canonicalRef="zeni" char="ზ" name="ზ ზენი (Zeni)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="fricative" data:voicing="voiced" data:transliteration="z" data:ipa="z"}
+
+:::
+
+## Pronunciation Guide
+
+### ბ (Bani) - /b/
+
+Pronounced like English "b" in "boy." This is the voiced counterpart to aspirated ფ and ejective პ. Place your hand on your throat while saying it and you should feel vibration.
+
+### გ (Gani) - /g/
+
+Pronounced like English "g" in "go." The voiced counterpart to aspirated ქ and ejective კ. This is a velar stop produced at the back of the mouth.
+
+### დ (Doni) - /d/
+
+Pronounced like English "d" in "do." The voiced counterpart to aspirated თ and ejective ტ. Georgian dental stops are produced with the tongue touching the teeth, slightly more forward than English.
+
+### ზ (Zeni) - /z/
+
+Pronounced like English "z" in "zoo." This is a voiced alveolar fricative. Unlike the stops above, ზ does not have a three-way contrast; it pairs only with its voiceless counterpart ს.
+
+## Practice Words
+
+| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |
+|------|----------------|---------|-------|
+| ბაგა | baga | garden | Uses ბ with vowels |
+| გარი | gari | gari | Uses გ with vowels |
+| დილა | dila | morning | Common greeting word |
+| ზამა | zama | zama | Uses ზ with vowels |
+
+## Recognizing the Shapes
+
+Each Mkhedruli letter has a distinctive shape:
+
+- **ბ** has a rounded body with a descending stroke
+- **გ** features a curved hook shape
+- **დ** has a compact, rounded form
+- **ზ** has a distinctive zigzag-like stroke
+
+Practice tracing each letter to build muscle memory for recognition.
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **Three-way contrast**: Georgian stops come in voiced/aspirated/ejective triples
+2. **Voiced = vibration**: Feel your throat vibrate for ბ, გ, დ, ზ
+3. **ზ is a fricative**: It pairs with voiceless ს rather than fitting the three-way stop pattern
+4. **Dental articulation**: Georgian dental sounds are produced slightly more forward than English
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="voiced-recognition-06" type="matching" title="Voiced Consonant Recognition" skill="character-recognition" tests="bani,gani,doni,zeni" objectiveId="obj-voiced-recognition"}
+
+**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its transliteration
+
+- ბ
+- გ
+- დ
+- ზ
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- b (Bani) - voiced bilabial stop
+- g (Gani) - voiced velar stop
+- d (Doni) - voiced dental stop
+- z (Zeni) - voiced alveolar fricative
+
+**Explanation:** These four consonants are all voiced, meaning the vocal cords vibrate during their production. The first three are stops (complete closure of airflow) while ზ is a fricative (partial obstruction).
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="three-way-contrast-06" type="multiple-choice" title="Three-Way Stop Contrast" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="bani,gani,doni" objectiveId="obj-three-way-contrast"}
+
+**Question:** Georgian has a three-way distinction among stop consonants. Which set correctly shows the voiced, aspirated, and ejective labial stops?
+
+**Options:**
+- ბ (voiced), ფ (aspirated), პ (ejective)
+- ბ (voiced), პ (aspirated), ფ (ejective)
+- ფ (voiced), ბ (aspirated), პ (ejective)
+- პ (voiced), ფ (aspirated), ბ (ejective)
+
+**Answer:** 1
+
+**Explanation:** The three-way labial stop system is: ბ /b/ (voiced, vocal cords vibrate), ფ /pʰ/ (aspirated, puff of air), პ /pʼ/ (ejective, glottal closure). This same pattern repeats for dental (დ/თ/ტ) and velar (გ/ქ/კ) stops.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="voiced-word-reading-06" type="fill-in-blank" title="Simple Word Reading" skill="word-recognition" tests="bani,gani,doni,zeni" objectiveId="obj-voiced-word-reading"}
+
+**Question:** Read each word and identify the voiced consonant it begins with
+
+- ბაგა (baga - garden)
+- გარი (gari)
+- დილა (dila - morning)
+- ზამა (zama)
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ბ (Bani, /b/) - voiced bilabial stop
+- გ (Gani, /g/) - voiced velar stop
+- დ (Doni, /d/) - voiced dental stop
+- ზ (Zeni, /z/) - voiced alveolar fricative
+
+**Explanation:** Each word begins with a voiced consonant. Practice reading these words aloud, paying attention to the vibration of your vocal cords on the initial consonant.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 7, you'll learn the sibilant fricative შ and the aspirated affricates ც and ჩ, expanding your knowledge of Georgian's rich consonant system.
+`;
+export {
+  n as default
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-06-DcGxfTbB.js.map

package/dist/lesson-06-DcGxfTbB.js.map

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+{"version":3,"file":"lesson-06-DcGxfTbB.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-06.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-06\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 6 — ხმოვანი თანხმოვნები\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Voiced Consonants: ბ გ დ ზ — Completing the three-way stop system with voiced stops and the fricative z\\\"\\norder: 6\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n  - consonants\\n  - voiced\\n  - basic-characters\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 25\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-05\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-voiced-recognition\\n      description: \\\"Recognize the voiced consonants ბ გ დ ზ\\\"\\n      skill: character-recognition\\n      references: [bani, gani, doni, zeni]\\n    - id: obj-three-way-contrast\\n      description: \\\"Understand the three-way stop contrast: voiced, aspirated, and ejective\\\"\\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\\n      references: [bani, gani, doni]\\n    - id: obj-voiced-word-reading\\n      description: \\\"Read simple words using voiced consonants\\\"\\n      skill: word-recognition\\n      references: [bani, gani, doni, zeni]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 6 (Lesson 6) — Voiced Consonants\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nGeorgian has a remarkable **three-way distinction** among stop consonants that is rare among the world's languages. While English distinguishes only voiced and voiceless stops (b vs p), Georgian adds a third category: **ejective** stops. In this lesson, you learn the **voiced** members of this system, plus the voiced fricative ზ.\\n\\n## The Three-Way Stop System\\n\\nUnderstanding this system is key to Georgian phonology:\\n\\n| Type | Lips (labial) | Tongue-tip (dental) | Back (velar) |\\n|------|---------------|---------------------|---------------|\\n| **Voiced** | ბ /b/ | დ /d/ | გ /g/ |\\n| **Aspirated** | ფ /pʰ/ | თ /tʰ/ | ქ /kʰ/ |\\n| **Ejective** | პ /pʼ/ | ტ /tʼ/ | კ /kʼ/ |\\n\\n- **Voiced**: Vocal cords vibrate during the sound (like English b, d, g)\\n- **Aspirated**: A puff of air follows the release (like English p, t, k at the start of a word)\\n- **Ejective**: The glottis closes, creating a sharp, popping sound (unique to Georgian and other Caucasian languages)\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-voiced-consonants\\\" title=\\\"Voiced Consonants\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"bani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"bani\\\" char=\\\"ბ\\\" name=\\\"ბ ბანი (Bani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"stop\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"b\\\" data:ipa=\\\"b\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"gani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"gani\\\" char=\\\"გ\\\" name=\\\"გ განი (Gani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"stop\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"g\\\" data:ipa=\\\"ɡ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"doni\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"doni\\\" char=\\\"დ\\\" name=\\\"დ დონი (Doni)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"stop\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"d\\\" data:ipa=\\\"d\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"zeni\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"zeni\\\" char=\\\"ზ\\\" name=\\\"ზ ზენი (Zeni)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"fricative\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"z\\\" data:ipa=\\\"z\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Pronunciation Guide\\n\\n### ბ (Bani) - /b/\\n\\nPronounced like English \\\"b\\\" in \\\"boy.\\\" This is the voiced counterpart to aspirated ფ and ejective პ. Place your hand on your throat while saying it and you should feel vibration.\\n\\n### გ (Gani) - /g/\\n\\nPronounced like English \\\"g\\\" in \\\"go.\\\" The voiced counterpart to aspirated ქ and ejective კ. This is a velar stop produced at the back of the mouth.\\n\\n### დ (Doni) - /d/\\n\\nPronounced like English \\\"d\\\" in \\\"do.\\\" The voiced counterpart to aspirated თ and ejective ტ. Georgian dental stops are produced with the tongue touching the teeth, slightly more forward than English.\\n\\n### ზ (Zeni) - /z/\\n\\nPronounced like English \\\"z\\\" in \\\"zoo.\\\" This is a voiced alveolar fricative. Unlike the stops above, ზ does not have a three-way contrast; it pairs only with its voiceless counterpart ს.\\n\\n## Practice Words\\n\\n| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |\\n|------|----------------|---------|-------|\\n| ბაგა | baga | garden | Uses ბ with vowels |\\n| გარი | gari | gari | Uses გ with vowels |\\n| დილა | dila | morning | Common greeting word |\\n| ზამა | zama | zama | Uses ზ with vowels |\\n\\n## Recognizing the Shapes\\n\\nEach Mkhedruli letter has a distinctive shape:\\n\\n- **ბ** has a rounded body with a descending stroke\\n- **გ** features a curved hook shape\\n- **დ** has a compact, rounded form\\n- **ზ** has a distinctive zigzag-like stroke\\n\\nPractice tracing each letter to build muscle memory for recognition.\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **Three-way contrast**: Georgian stops come in voiced/aspirated/ejective triples\\n2. **Voiced = vibration**: Feel your throat vibrate for ბ, გ, დ, ზ\\n3. **ზ is a fricative**: It pairs with voiceless ს rather than fitting the three-way stop pattern\\n4. **Dental articulation**: Georgian dental sounds are produced slightly more forward than English\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"voiced-recognition-06\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Voiced Consonant Recognition\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"bani,gani,doni,zeni\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-voiced-recognition\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its transliteration\\n\\n- ბ\\n- გ\\n- დ\\n- ზ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- b (Bani) - voiced bilabial stop\\n- g (Gani) - voiced velar stop\\n- d (Doni) - voiced dental stop\\n- z (Zeni) - voiced alveolar fricative\\n\\n**Explanation:** These four consonants are all voiced, meaning the vocal cords vibrate during their production. The first three are stops (complete closure of airflow) while ზ is a fricative (partial obstruction).\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"three-way-contrast-06\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Three-Way Stop Contrast\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"bani,gani,doni\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-three-way-contrast\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Georgian has a three-way distinction among stop consonants. Which set correctly shows the voiced, aspirated, and ejective labial stops?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- ბ (voiced), ფ (aspirated), პ (ejective)\\n- ბ (voiced), პ (aspirated), ფ (ejective)\\n- ფ (voiced), ბ (aspirated), პ (ejective)\\n- პ (voiced), ფ (aspirated), ბ (ejective)\\n\\n**Answer:** 1\\n\\n**Explanation:** The three-way labial stop system is: ბ /b/ (voiced, vocal cords vibrate), ფ /pʰ/ (aspirated, puff of air), პ /pʼ/ (ejective, glottal closure). This same pattern repeats for dental (დ/თ/ტ) and velar (გ/ქ/კ) stops.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"voiced-word-reading-06\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Simple Word Reading\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"bani,gani,doni,zeni\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-voiced-word-reading\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Read each word and identify the voiced consonant it begins with\\n\\n- ბაგა (baga - garden)\\n- გარი (gari)\\n- დილა (dila - morning)\\n- ზამა (zama)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ბ (Bani, /b/) - voiced bilabial stop\\n- გ (Gani, /g/) - voiced velar stop\\n- დ (Doni, /d/) - voiced dental stop\\n- ზ (Zeni, /z/) - voiced alveolar fricative\\n\\n**Explanation:** Each word begins with a voiced consonant. Practice reading these words aloud, paying attention to the vibration of your vocal cords on the initial consonant.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 7, you'll learn the sibilant fricative შ and the aspirated affricates ც and ჩ, expanding your knowledge of Georgian's rich consonant system.\\n\""],"names":["lesson06"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}

package/dist/lesson-07-CoWJuUIC.js

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+const e = `---
+type: lesson
+id: georgian-alphabet-lesson-07
+title: "გაკვეთილი 7 — სიბილანტები და აფრიკატები I"
+description: "Sibilants & Affricates I: შ ც ჩ — The sibilant fricative sh and aspirated affricates ts, ch"
+order: 7
+parentId: georgian-alphabet
+difficulty: intermediate
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - consonants
+  - sibilants
+  - affricates
+  - intermediate-characters
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 30
+  prerequisites:
+    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-06
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-sibilant-recognition
+      description: "Recognize the sibilant and affricate consonants შ ც ჩ"
+      skill: character-recognition
+      references: [shini, tsani, chini]
+    - id: obj-affricate-understanding
+      description: "Understand the difference between fricatives and affricates"
+      skill: character-sound-mapping
+      references: [shini, tsani, chini]
+    - id: obj-sibilant-word-reading
+      description: "Read words containing sibilants and affricates"
+      skill: word-recognition
+      references: [shini, tsani, chini]
+---
+
+# გაკვეთილი 7 (Lesson 7) — Sibilants & Affricates I
+
+## Introduction
+
+Georgian has a rich inventory of **sibilant** sounds, which are consonants produced with a hissing or hushing quality. This lesson introduces three key members: the **voiceless fricative** შ (sh) and two **aspirated affricates** ც (ts) and ჩ (ch). These sounds are central to everyday Georgian vocabulary.
+
+## Fricatives vs Affricates
+
+Before learning the characters, it helps to understand the distinction:
+
+- **Fricative**: Air flows continuously through a narrow gap, producing a hissing sound. Think of the "sh" in English "shoe."
+- **Affricate**: The sound begins as a stop (complete closure) and releases into a fricative. Think of the "ch" in English "church" or "ts" in "cats."
+
+Georgian affricates, like its stops, come in three varieties:
+
+| Type | Alveolar (ts-type) | Postalveolar (ch-type) |
+|------|-------------------|----------------------|
+| **Voiced** | ძ /dz/ | ჯ /dʒ/ |
+| **Aspirated** | ც /tsʰ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ |
+| **Ejective** | წ /tsʼ/ | ჭ /tʃʼ/ |
+
+In this lesson, you learn the **aspirated** row (ც, ჩ) plus the fricative შ.
+
+## Characters
+
+:::character-set{id="georgian-sibilants-affricates-1" title="Sibilants & Affricates I"}
+
+::character{id="shini" canonicalRef="shini" char="შ" name="შ შინი (Shini)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="fricative" data:voicing="voiceless" data:transliteration="sh" data:ipa="ʃ"}
+
+::character{id="tsani" canonicalRef="tsani" char="ც" name="ც ცანი (Tsani)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="affricate" data:voicing="voiceless" data:transliteration="ts" data:ipa="t͡sʰ"}
+
+::character{id="chini" canonicalRef="chini" char="ჩ" name="ჩ ჩინი (Chini)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="affricate" data:voicing="voiceless" data:transliteration="ch" data:ipa="t͡ʃʰ"}
+
+:::
+
+## Pronunciation Guide
+
+### შ (Shini) - /ʃ/
+
+Pronounced like English "sh" in "shoe." This is a voiceless postalveolar fricative. The tongue is positioned near the roof of the mouth, and air flows through a narrow channel to create a hushing sound. Unlike the affricates, შ has no stop component.
+
+### ც (Tsani) - /tsʰ/
+
+Pronounced like the "ts" in English "cats" but with a noticeable puff of air (aspiration). This is an **aspirated alveolar affricate**. It begins with the tongue touching the alveolar ridge (like a "t") and releases into an "s" sound. Hold your hand in front of your mouth to feel the aspiration.
+
+### ჩ (Chini) - /tʃʰ/
+
+Pronounced like English "ch" in "church" but with aspiration. This is an **aspirated postalveolar affricate**. It begins with a stop (like "t") and releases into a "sh" sound. Like ც, it has a noticeable puff of air.
+
+## The Affricate Three-Way System
+
+Just as Georgian stops have voiced/aspirated/ejective triples, so do its affricates:
+
+### Alveolar (ts-type) affricates:
+| Type | Letter | Sound | Example |
+|------|--------|-------|---------|
+| Voiced | ძ | /dz/ | (Lesson 9) |
+| Aspirated | **ც** | /tsʰ/ | ცალი (tsali) |
+| Ejective | წ | /tsʼ/ | (Lesson 10) |
+
+### Postalveolar (ch-type) affricates:
+| Type | Letter | Sound | Example |
+|------|--------|-------|---------|
+| Voiced | ჯ | /dʒ/ | (Lesson 8) |
+| Aspirated | **ჩ** | /tʃʰ/ | ჩაი (chai) |
+| Ejective | ჭ | /tʃʼ/ | (Lesson 10) |
+
+## Practice Words
+
+| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |
+|------|----------------|---------|-------|
+| შინი | shini | shini | The letter name itself |
+| ცალი | tsali | one, single | Common word using ც |
+| ჩაი | chai | tea | Borrowed word, easy to remember |
+
+## Recognizing the Shapes
+
+- **შ** has a wide, spreading form with multiple strokes branching out
+- **ც** is compact with a distinctive curved tail
+- **ჩ** resembles a hook or crescent shape
+
+The visual distinction between ც and ჩ is important since their sounds are related (both are affricates). Practice identifying them side by side.
+
+## Aspiration in Georgian
+
+A key concept for English speakers: Georgian aspirated consonants (like ც and ჩ) are similar to English unvoiced consonants at the start of words. English "ch" is naturally aspirated, so ჩ should feel familiar. However, Georgian distinguishes this from the ejective versions (წ, ჭ), which have no English equivalent.
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **შ is a pure fricative**: Continuous airflow, no stop component
+2. **ც and ჩ are aspirated affricates**: Stop + fricative release with a puff of air
+3. **Three-way system extends to affricates**: Voiced/aspirated/ejective, just like stops
+4. **ჩაი (tea) is a great mnemonic**: The Georgian word for tea sounds like English "chai"
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="sibilant-recognition-07" type="matching" title="Sibilant & Affricate Recognition" skill="character-recognition" tests="shini,tsani,chini" objectiveId="obj-sibilant-recognition"}
+
+**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its sound
+
+- შ
+- ც
+- ჩ
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- sh /ʃ/ (Shini) - voiceless postalveolar fricative
+- ts /tsʰ/ (Tsani) - aspirated alveolar affricate
+- ch /tʃʰ/ (Chini) - aspirated postalveolar affricate
+
+**Explanation:** შ is a pure fricative (continuous airflow), while ც and ჩ are affricates (they begin with a stop and release into a fricative). All three are voiceless but ც and ჩ have aspiration.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="fricative-vs-affricate-07" type="multiple-choice" title="Fricative vs Affricate" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="shini,tsani,chini" objectiveId="obj-affricate-understanding"}
+
+**Question:** What is the key difference between a fricative like შ and an affricate like ჩ?
+
+**Options:**
+- Fricatives are voiced; affricates are voiceless
+- Fricatives have continuous airflow; affricates begin with a stop and release into a fricative
+- Fricatives are louder than affricates
+- There is no difference; they are the same type of sound
+
+**Answer:** 2
+
+**Explanation:** A fricative like შ (/ʃ/) has continuous airflow through a narrow gap. An affricate like ჩ (/tʃʰ/) begins with complete closure (a stop) and then releases into a fricative. This is why "ch" sounds like a combination of "t" and "sh."
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="sibilant-word-reading-07" type="fill-in-blank" title="Word Reading with Sibilants" skill="word-recognition" tests="shini,tsani,chini" objectiveId="obj-sibilant-word-reading"}
+
+**Question:** Identify the sibilant or affricate consonant in each word and give its transliteration
+
+- შინი
+- ცალი (one, single)
+- ჩაი (tea)
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- შ (sh, /ʃ/) - voiceless postalveolar fricative
+- ც (ts, /tsʰ/) - aspirated alveolar affricate
+- ჩ (ch, /tʃʰ/) - aspirated postalveolar affricate
+
+**Explanation:** Each word begins with a sibilant or affricate consonant. Notice how ჩაი (chai, tea) is easy to remember because it resembles the English word "chai."
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 8, you'll learn the advanced fricatives ხ, ჯ, and ჟ, including the velar fricative and the voiced affricate and fricative counterparts.
+`;
+export {
+  e as default
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-07-CoWJuUIC.js.map

package/dist/lesson-07-CoWJuUIC.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"lesson-07-CoWJuUIC.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-07.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-07\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 7 — სიბილანტები და აფრიკატები I\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Sibilants & Affricates I: შ ც ჩ — The sibilant fricative sh and aspirated affricates ts, ch\\\"\\norder: 7\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n  - consonants\\n  - sibilants\\n  - affricates\\n  - intermediate-characters\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 30\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-06\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-sibilant-recognition\\n      description: \\\"Recognize the sibilant and affricate consonants შ ც ჩ\\\"\\n      skill: character-recognition\\n      references: [shini, tsani, chini]\\n    - id: obj-affricate-understanding\\n      description: \\\"Understand the difference between fricatives and affricates\\\"\\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\\n      references: [shini, tsani, chini]\\n    - id: obj-sibilant-word-reading\\n      description: \\\"Read words containing sibilants and affricates\\\"\\n      skill: word-recognition\\n      references: [shini, tsani, chini]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 7 (Lesson 7) — Sibilants & Affricates I\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nGeorgian has a rich inventory of **sibilant** sounds, which are consonants produced with a hissing or hushing quality. This lesson introduces three key members: the **voiceless fricative** შ (sh) and two **aspirated affricates** ც (ts) and ჩ (ch). These sounds are central to everyday Georgian vocabulary.\\n\\n## Fricatives vs Affricates\\n\\nBefore learning the characters, it helps to understand the distinction:\\n\\n- **Fricative**: Air flows continuously through a narrow gap, producing a hissing sound. Think of the \\\"sh\\\" in English \\\"shoe.\\\"\\n- **Affricate**: The sound begins as a stop (complete closure) and releases into a fricative. Think of the \\\"ch\\\" in English \\\"church\\\" or \\\"ts\\\" in \\\"cats.\\\"\\n\\nGeorgian affricates, like its stops, come in three varieties:\\n\\n| Type | Alveolar (ts-type) | Postalveolar (ch-type) |\\n|------|-------------------|----------------------|\\n| **Voiced** | ძ /dz/ | ჯ /dʒ/ |\\n| **Aspirated** | ც /tsʰ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ |\\n| **Ejective** | წ /tsʼ/ | ჭ /tʃʼ/ |\\n\\nIn this lesson, you learn the **aspirated** row (ც, ჩ) plus the fricative შ.\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-sibilants-affricates-1\\\" title=\\\"Sibilants & Affricates I\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"shini\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"shini\\\" char=\\\"შ\\\" name=\\\"შ შინი (Shini)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"fricative\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiceless\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"sh\\\" data:ipa=\\\"ʃ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"tsani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"tsani\\\" char=\\\"ც\\\" name=\\\"ც ცანი (Tsani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"affricate\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiceless\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"ts\\\" data:ipa=\\\"t͡sʰ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"chini\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"chini\\\" char=\\\"ჩ\\\" name=\\\"ჩ ჩინი (Chini)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"affricate\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiceless\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"ch\\\" data:ipa=\\\"t͡ʃʰ\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Pronunciation Guide\\n\\n### შ (Shini) - /ʃ/\\n\\nPronounced like English \\\"sh\\\" in \\\"shoe.\\\" This is a voiceless postalveolar fricative. The tongue is positioned near the roof of the mouth, and air flows through a narrow channel to create a hushing sound. Unlike the affricates, შ has no stop component.\\n\\n### ც (Tsani) - /tsʰ/\\n\\nPronounced like the \\\"ts\\\" in English \\\"cats\\\" but with a noticeable puff of air (aspiration). This is an **aspirated alveolar affricate**. It begins with the tongue touching the alveolar ridge (like a \\\"t\\\") and releases into an \\\"s\\\" sound. Hold your hand in front of your mouth to feel the aspiration.\\n\\n### ჩ (Chini) - /tʃʰ/\\n\\nPronounced like English \\\"ch\\\" in \\\"church\\\" but with aspiration. This is an **aspirated postalveolar affricate**. It begins with a stop (like \\\"t\\\") and releases into a \\\"sh\\\" sound. Like ც, it has a noticeable puff of air.\\n\\n## The Affricate Three-Way System\\n\\nJust as Georgian stops have voiced/aspirated/ejective triples, so do its affricates:\\n\\n### Alveolar (ts-type) affricates:\\n| Type | Letter | Sound | Example |\\n|------|--------|-------|---------|\\n| Voiced | ძ | /dz/ | (Lesson 9) |\\n| Aspirated | **ც** | /tsʰ/ | ცალი (tsali) |\\n| Ejective | წ | /tsʼ/ | (Lesson 10) |\\n\\n### Postalveolar (ch-type) affricates:\\n| Type | Letter | Sound | Example |\\n|------|--------|-------|---------|\\n| Voiced | ჯ | /dʒ/ | (Lesson 8) |\\n| Aspirated | **ჩ** | /tʃʰ/ | ჩაი (chai) |\\n| Ejective | ჭ | /tʃʼ/ | (Lesson 10) |\\n\\n## Practice Words\\n\\n| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |\\n|------|----------------|---------|-------|\\n| შინი | shini | shini | The letter name itself |\\n| ცალი | tsali | one, single | Common word using ც |\\n| ჩაი | chai | tea | Borrowed word, easy to remember |\\n\\n## Recognizing the Shapes\\n\\n- **შ** has a wide, spreading form with multiple strokes branching out\\n- **ც** is compact with a distinctive curved tail\\n- **ჩ** resembles a hook or crescent shape\\n\\nThe visual distinction between ც and ჩ is important since their sounds are related (both are affricates). Practice identifying them side by side.\\n\\n## Aspiration in Georgian\\n\\nA key concept for English speakers: Georgian aspirated consonants (like ც and ჩ) are similar to English unvoiced consonants at the start of words. English \\\"ch\\\" is naturally aspirated, so ჩ should feel familiar. However, Georgian distinguishes this from the ejective versions (წ, ჭ), which have no English equivalent.\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **შ is a pure fricative**: Continuous airflow, no stop component\\n2. **ც and ჩ are aspirated affricates**: Stop + fricative release with a puff of air\\n3. **Three-way system extends to affricates**: Voiced/aspirated/ejective, just like stops\\n4. **ჩაი (tea) is a great mnemonic**: The Georgian word for tea sounds like English \\\"chai\\\"\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"sibilant-recognition-07\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Sibilant & Affricate Recognition\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"shini,tsani,chini\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-sibilant-recognition\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its sound\\n\\n- შ\\n- ც\\n- ჩ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- sh /ʃ/ (Shini) - voiceless postalveolar fricative\\n- ts /tsʰ/ (Tsani) - aspirated alveolar affricate\\n- ch /tʃʰ/ (Chini) - aspirated postalveolar affricate\\n\\n**Explanation:** შ is a pure fricative (continuous airflow), while ც and ჩ are affricates (they begin with a stop and release into a fricative). All three are voiceless but ც and ჩ have aspiration.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"fricative-vs-affricate-07\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Fricative vs Affricate\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"shini,tsani,chini\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-affricate-understanding\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** What is the key difference between a fricative like შ and an affricate like ჩ?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- Fricatives are voiced; affricates are voiceless\\n- Fricatives have continuous airflow; affricates begin with a stop and release into a fricative\\n- Fricatives are louder than affricates\\n- There is no difference; they are the same type of sound\\n\\n**Answer:** 2\\n\\n**Explanation:** A fricative like შ (/ʃ/) has continuous airflow through a narrow gap. An affricate like ჩ (/tʃʰ/) begins with complete closure (a stop) and then releases into a fricative. This is why \\\"ch\\\" sounds like a combination of \\\"t\\\" and \\\"sh.\\\"\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"sibilant-word-reading-07\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Word Reading with Sibilants\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"shini,tsani,chini\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-sibilant-word-reading\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Identify the sibilant or affricate consonant in each word and give its transliteration\\n\\n- შინი\\n- ცალი (one, single)\\n- ჩაი (tea)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- შ (sh, /ʃ/) - voiceless postalveolar fricative\\n- ც (ts, /tsʰ/) - aspirated alveolar affricate\\n- ჩ (ch, /tʃʰ/) - aspirated postalveolar affricate\\n\\n**Explanation:** Each word begins with a sibilant or affricate consonant. Notice how ჩაი (chai, tea) is easy to remember because it resembles the English word \\\"chai.\\\"\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 8, you'll learn the advanced fricatives ხ, ჯ, and ჟ, including the velar fricative and the voiced affricate and fricative counterparts.\\n\""],"names":["lesson07"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}

package/dist/lesson-08-dU_y8sh9.js

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+const e = `---
+type: lesson
+id: georgian-alphabet-lesson-08
+title: "გაკვეთილი 8 — რთული ფრიკატივები"
+description: "Advanced Fricatives: ხ ჯ ჟ — The velar fricative kh, voiced affricate j, and voiced fricative zh"
+order: 8
+parentId: georgian-alphabet
+difficulty: intermediate
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - consonants
+  - fricatives
+  - affricates
+  - intermediate-characters
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 30
+  prerequisites:
+    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-07
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-advanced-fricative-recognition
+      description: "Recognize the advanced fricatives and affricate ხ ჯ ჟ"
+      skill: character-recognition
+      references: [khani, jani, zhani]
+    - id: obj-voiced-sibilant-contrast
+      description: "Distinguish voiced sibilants from their voiceless counterparts"
+      skill: character-sound-mapping
+      references: [jani, zhani]
+    - id: obj-advanced-word-reading
+      description: "Read words containing advanced fricatives"
+      skill: word-recognition
+      references: [khani, jani, zhani]
+---
+
+# გაკვეთილი 8 (Lesson 8) — Advanced Fricatives
+
+## Introduction
+
+This lesson introduces three consonants that may be challenging for English speakers: the **velar fricative** ხ (kh), the **voiced postalveolar affricate** ჯ (j), and the **voiced postalveolar fricative** ჟ (zh). These sounds round out your knowledge of Georgian's fricative and affricate inventory.
+
+## Characters
+
+:::character-set{id="georgian-advanced-fricatives" title="Advanced Fricatives"}
+
+::character{id="khani" canonicalRef="khani" char="ხ" name="ხ ხანი (Khani)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="fricative" data:voicing="voiceless" data:transliteration="kh" data:ipa="x"}
+
+::character{id="jani" canonicalRef="jani" char="ჯ" name="ჯ ჯანი (Jani)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="affricate" data:voicing="voiced" data:transliteration="j" data:ipa="d͡ʒ"}
+
+::character{id="zhani" canonicalRef="zhani" char="ჟ" name="ჟ ჟანი (Zhani)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="fricative" data:voicing="voiced" data:transliteration="zh" data:ipa="ʒ"}
+
+:::
+
+## Pronunciation Guide
+
+### ხ (Khani) - /x/
+
+This is a **voiceless velar fricative**, produced at the same place as "k" but with continuous airflow instead of a complete stop. It sounds like the "ch" in German "Bach" or Scottish "loch." To produce it, position your tongue as if saying "k" but let the air flow through instead of stopping it.
+
+Do not confuse ხ with the aspirated stop ქ (/kʰ/):
+- ქ has a complete closure followed by a burst of air
+- ხ has continuous friction without closure
+
+### ჯ (Jani) - /dʒ/
+
+Pronounced like English "j" in "jam" or "g" in "gem." This is the **voiced** counterpart to the aspirated affricate ჩ (/tʃʰ/). The three-way postalveolar affricate system is:
+
+| Type | Letter | Sound |
+|------|--------|-------|
+| **Voiced** | **ჯ** | /dʒ/ |
+| Aspirated | ჩ | /tʃʰ/ |
+| Ejective | ჭ | /tʃʼ/ |
+
+### ჟ (Zhani) - /ʒ/
+
+Pronounced like the "s" in English "pleasure" or "zh" in "Zhivago." This is a **voiced postalveolar fricative**, the voiced counterpart to შ (/ʃ/). While შ is voiceless (like "sh"), ჟ adds vocal cord vibration (like "zh").
+
+| Voicing | Fricative | Affricate |
+|---------|-----------|-----------|
+| Voiceless | შ /ʃ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ |
+| **Voiced** | **ჟ /ʒ/** | **ჯ /dʒ/** |
+
+## The Voiced-Voiceless Pairs
+
+This lesson completes important voiced-voiceless pairs in the sibilant system:
+
+- **შ** (sh, voiceless) pairs with **ჟ** (zh, voiced)
+- **ჩ** (ch, voiceless aspirated) contrasts with **ჯ** (j, voiced)
+
+To distinguish them, place your hand on your throat:
+- For voiceless შ and ჩ, you feel no vibration
+- For voiced ჟ and ჯ, you feel clear vibration
+
+## Practice Words
+
+| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |
+|------|----------------|---------|-------|
+| ხილი | khili | fruit | Very common word |
+| ჯამი | jami | bowl | Everyday vocabulary |
+| ჟამი | zhami | time | Literary/formal usage |
+
+## The Velar Fricative Family
+
+Georgian has several consonants produced at or near the velum (back of the mouth):
+
+| Sound | Type | Letter |
+|-------|------|--------|
+| /k/ | Ejective stop | კ |
+| /kʰ/ | Aspirated stop | ქ |
+| /g/ | Voiced stop | გ |
+| **/x/** | **Voiceless fricative** | **ხ** |
+| /ɣ/ | Voiced fricative | ღ (Lesson 9) |
+
+The fricatives ხ and ღ form a voiceless-voiced pair, just as შ-ჟ do for the postalveolar position.
+
+## Recognizing the Shapes
+
+- **ხ** has a distinctive crossed or angular form
+- **ჯ** features a tall vertical stroke with a curve
+- **ჟ** has a complex shape with multiple components, reflecting its less common usage
+
+Pay special attention to distinguishing ჯ from ჯ's visual neighbors in the alphabet.
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **ხ is a velar fricative**: Like German "ch" in "Bach," not an English sound
+2. **ჯ is voiced "j"**: The voiced member of the postalveolar affricate triple
+3. **ჟ is voiced "zh"**: Like English "pleasure," the voiced counterpart to შ
+4. **Voiced-voiceless pairs**: შ/ჟ and ჩ/ჯ mirror each other
+5. **ხილი (fruit)**: A great practice word for the velar fricative
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="advanced-fricative-recognition-08" type="matching" title="Advanced Fricative Recognition" skill="character-recognition" tests="khani,jani,zhani" objectiveId="obj-advanced-fricative-recognition"}
+
+**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its sound description
+
+- ხ
+- ჯ
+- ჟ
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- kh /x/ (Khani) - voiceless velar fricative, like German "Bach"
+- j /dʒ/ (Jani) - voiced postalveolar affricate, like English "jam"
+- zh /ʒ/ (Zhani) - voiced postalveolar fricative, like English "pleasure"
+
+**Explanation:** These three consonants represent different manners of articulation. ხ is produced at the velum (back of the mouth), while ჯ and ჟ are both postalveolar (behind the alveolar ridge). ჯ is an affricate (stop + fricative) and ჟ is a pure fricative.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="voiced-sibilant-contrast-08" type="multiple-choice" title="Voiced Sibilant Pairs" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="jani,zhani" objectiveId="obj-voiced-sibilant-contrast"}
+
+**Question:** Which pair correctly shows a voiceless consonant and its voiced counterpart?
+
+**Options:**
+- შ (voiceless) and ჟ (voiced)
+- ჩ (voiceless) and ჟ (voiced)
+- შ (voiceless) and ჯ (voiced)
+- ხ (voiceless) and ჯ (voiced)
+
+**Answer:** 1
+
+**Explanation:** შ (/ʃ/, voiceless) and ჟ (/ʒ/, voiced) are a matched fricative pair at the postalveolar position. ჩ (/tʃʰ/) and ჯ (/dʒ/) also form a pair, but they are affricates, not fricatives. The distinction matters: fricatives have continuous airflow, while affricates begin with a stop.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="advanced-word-reading-08" type="fill-in-blank" title="Word Reading with Advanced Fricatives" skill="word-recognition" tests="khani,jani,zhani" objectiveId="obj-advanced-word-reading"}
+
+**Question:** Read each word, identify the target consonant, and describe how it is produced
+
+- ხილი (khili - fruit)
+- ჯამი (jami - bowl)
+- ჟამი (zhami - time)
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ხ (kh, /x/) - voiceless velar fricative: tongue near velum, continuous airflow
+- ჯ (j, /dʒ/) - voiced postalveolar affricate: stop release into fricative with voicing
+- ჟ (zh, /ʒ/) - voiced postalveolar fricative: continuous airflow with voicing
+
+**Explanation:** Each word begins with a different type of consonant. ხილი (fruit) is one of the most common Georgian words and provides excellent practice for the velar fricative. ჯამი (bowl) and ჟამი (time) help distinguish the voiced affricate from the voiced fricative.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 9, you'll learn the less common consonants ღ, ძ, and ჰ, including the distinctive voiced velar fricative and the rare Georgian h.
+`;
+export {
+  e as default
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-08-dU_y8sh9.js.map