@syllst/ka 0.2.0

package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-07.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: georgian-alphabet-lesson-07
+title: "გაკვეთილი 7 — სიბილანტები და აფრიკატები I"
+description: "Sibilants & Affricates I: შ ც ჩ — The sibilant fricative sh and aspirated affricates ts, ch"
+order: 7
+parentId: georgian-alphabet
+difficulty: intermediate
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - consonants
+  - sibilants
+  - affricates
+  - intermediate-characters
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 30
+  prerequisites:
+    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-06
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-sibilant-recognition
+      description: "Recognize the sibilant and affricate consonants შ ც ჩ"
+      skill: character-recognition
+      references: [shini, tsani, chini]
+    - id: obj-affricate-understanding
+      description: "Understand the difference between fricatives and affricates"
+      skill: character-sound-mapping
+      references: [shini, tsani, chini]
+    - id: obj-sibilant-word-reading
+      description: "Read words containing sibilants and affricates"
+      skill: word-recognition
+      references: [shini, tsani, chini]
+---
+
+# გაკვეთილი 7 (Lesson 7) — Sibilants & Affricates I
+
+## Introduction
+
+Georgian has a rich inventory of **sibilant** sounds, which are consonants produced with a hissing or hushing quality. This lesson introduces three key members: the **voiceless fricative** შ (sh) and two **aspirated affricates** ც (ts) and ჩ (ch). These sounds are central to everyday Georgian vocabulary.
+
+## Fricatives vs Affricates
+
+Before learning the characters, it helps to understand the distinction:
+
+- **Fricative**: Air flows continuously through a narrow gap, producing a hissing sound. Think of the "sh" in English "shoe."
+- **Affricate**: The sound begins as a stop (complete closure) and releases into a fricative. Think of the "ch" in English "church" or "ts" in "cats."
+
+Georgian affricates, like its stops, come in three varieties:
+
+| Type | Alveolar (ts-type) | Postalveolar (ch-type) |
+|------|-------------------|----------------------|
+| **Voiced** | ძ /dz/ | ჯ /dʒ/ |
+| **Aspirated** | ც /tsʰ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ |
+| **Ejective** | წ /tsʼ/ | ჭ /tʃʼ/ |
+
+In this lesson, you learn the **aspirated** row (ც, ჩ) plus the fricative შ.
+
+## Characters
+
+:::character-set{id="georgian-sibilants-affricates-1" title="Sibilants & Affricates I"}
+
+::character{id="shini" canonicalRef="shini" char="შ" name="შ შინი (Shini)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="fricative" data:voicing="voiceless" data:transliteration="sh" data:ipa="ʃ"}
+
+::character{id="tsani" canonicalRef="tsani" char="ც" name="ც ცანი (Tsani)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="affricate" data:voicing="voiceless" data:transliteration="ts" data:ipa="t͡sʰ"}
+
+::character{id="chini" canonicalRef="chini" char="ჩ" name="ჩ ჩინი (Chini)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="affricate" data:voicing="voiceless" data:transliteration="ch" data:ipa="t͡ʃʰ"}
+
+:::
+
+## Pronunciation Guide
+
+### შ (Shini) - /ʃ/
+
+Pronounced like English "sh" in "shoe." This is a voiceless postalveolar fricative. The tongue is positioned near the roof of the mouth, and air flows through a narrow channel to create a hushing sound. Unlike the affricates, შ has no stop component.
+
+### ც (Tsani) - /tsʰ/
+
+Pronounced like the "ts" in English "cats" but with a noticeable puff of air (aspiration). This is an **aspirated alveolar affricate**. It begins with the tongue touching the alveolar ridge (like a "t") and releases into an "s" sound. Hold your hand in front of your mouth to feel the aspiration.
+
+### ჩ (Chini) - /tʃʰ/
+
+Pronounced like English "ch" in "church" but with aspiration. This is an **aspirated postalveolar affricate**. It begins with a stop (like "t") and releases into a "sh" sound. Like ც, it has a noticeable puff of air.
+
+## The Affricate Three-Way System
+
+Just as Georgian stops have voiced/aspirated/ejective triples, so do its affricates:
+
+### Alveolar (ts-type) affricates:
+| Type | Letter | Sound | Example |
+|------|--------|-------|---------|
+| Voiced | ძ | /dz/ | (Lesson 9) |
+| Aspirated | **ც** | /tsʰ/ | ცალი (tsali) |
+| Ejective | წ | /tsʼ/ | (Lesson 10) |
+
+### Postalveolar (ch-type) affricates:
+| Type | Letter | Sound | Example |
+|------|--------|-------|---------|
+| Voiced | ჯ | /dʒ/ | (Lesson 8) |
+| Aspirated | **ჩ** | /tʃʰ/ | ჩაი (chai) |
+| Ejective | ჭ | /tʃʼ/ | (Lesson 10) |
+
+## Practice Words
+
+| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |
+|------|----------------|---------|-------|
+| შინი | shini | shini | The letter name itself |
+| ცალი | tsali | one, single | Common word using ც |
+| ჩაი | chai | tea | Borrowed word, easy to remember |
+
+## Recognizing the Shapes
+
+- **შ** has a wide, spreading form with multiple strokes branching out
+- **ც** is compact with a distinctive curved tail
+- **ჩ** resembles a hook or crescent shape
+
+The visual distinction between ც and ჩ is important since their sounds are related (both are affricates). Practice identifying them side by side.
+
+## Aspiration in Georgian
+
+A key concept for English speakers: Georgian aspirated consonants (like ც and ჩ) are similar to English unvoiced consonants at the start of words. English "ch" is naturally aspirated, so ჩ should feel familiar. However, Georgian distinguishes this from the ejective versions (წ, ჭ), which have no English equivalent.
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **შ is a pure fricative**: Continuous airflow, no stop component
+2. **ც and ჩ are aspirated affricates**: Stop + fricative release with a puff of air
+3. **Three-way system extends to affricates**: Voiced/aspirated/ejective, just like stops
+4. **ჩაი (tea) is a great mnemonic**: The Georgian word for tea sounds like English "chai"
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="sibilant-recognition-07" type="matching" title="Sibilant & Affricate Recognition" skill="character-recognition" tests="shini,tsani,chini" objectiveId="obj-sibilant-recognition"}
+
+**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its sound
+
+- შ
+- ც
+- ჩ
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- sh /ʃ/ (Shini) - voiceless postalveolar fricative
+- ts /tsʰ/ (Tsani) - aspirated alveolar affricate
+- ch /tʃʰ/ (Chini) - aspirated postalveolar affricate
+
+**Explanation:** შ is a pure fricative (continuous airflow), while ც and ჩ are affricates (they begin with a stop and release into a fricative). All three are voiceless but ც and ჩ have aspiration.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="fricative-vs-affricate-07" type="multiple-choice" title="Fricative vs Affricate" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="shini,tsani,chini" objectiveId="obj-affricate-understanding"}
+
+**Question:** What is the key difference between a fricative like შ and an affricate like ჩ?
+
+**Options:**
+- Fricatives are voiced; affricates are voiceless
+- Fricatives have continuous airflow; affricates begin with a stop and release into a fricative
+- Fricatives are louder than affricates
+- There is no difference; they are the same type of sound
+
+**Answer:** 2
+
+**Explanation:** A fricative like შ (/ʃ/) has continuous airflow through a narrow gap. An affricate like ჩ (/tʃʰ/) begins with complete closure (a stop) and then releases into a fricative. This is why "ch" sounds like a combination of "t" and "sh."
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="sibilant-word-reading-07" type="fill-in-blank" title="Word Reading with Sibilants" skill="word-recognition" tests="shini,tsani,chini" objectiveId="obj-sibilant-word-reading"}
+
+**Question:** Identify the sibilant or affricate consonant in each word and give its transliteration
+
+- შინი
+- ცალი (one, single)
+- ჩაი (tea)
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- შ (sh, /ʃ/) - voiceless postalveolar fricative
+- ც (ts, /tsʰ/) - aspirated alveolar affricate
+- ჩ (ch, /tʃʰ/) - aspirated postalveolar affricate
+
+**Explanation:** Each word begins with a sibilant or affricate consonant. Notice how ჩაი (chai, tea) is easy to remember because it resembles the English word "chai."
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 8, you'll learn the advanced fricatives ხ, ჯ, and ჟ, including the velar fricative and the voiced affricate and fricative counterparts.

package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-08.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: georgian-alphabet-lesson-08
+title: "გაკვეთილი 8 — რთული ფრიკატივები"
+description: "Advanced Fricatives: ხ ჯ ჟ — The velar fricative kh, voiced affricate j, and voiced fricative zh"
+order: 8
+parentId: georgian-alphabet
+difficulty: intermediate
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - consonants
+  - fricatives
+  - affricates
+  - intermediate-characters
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 30
+  prerequisites:
+    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-07
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-advanced-fricative-recognition
+      description: "Recognize the advanced fricatives and affricate ხ ჯ ჟ"
+      skill: character-recognition
+      references: [khani, jani, zhani]
+    - id: obj-voiced-sibilant-contrast
+      description: "Distinguish voiced sibilants from their voiceless counterparts"
+      skill: character-sound-mapping
+      references: [jani, zhani]
+    - id: obj-advanced-word-reading
+      description: "Read words containing advanced fricatives"
+      skill: word-recognition
+      references: [khani, jani, zhani]
+---
+
+# გაკვეთილი 8 (Lesson 8) — Advanced Fricatives
+
+## Introduction
+
+This lesson introduces three consonants that may be challenging for English speakers: the **velar fricative** ხ (kh), the **voiced postalveolar affricate** ჯ (j), and the **voiced postalveolar fricative** ჟ (zh). These sounds round out your knowledge of Georgian's fricative and affricate inventory.
+
+## Characters
+
+:::character-set{id="georgian-advanced-fricatives" title="Advanced Fricatives"}
+
+::character{id="khani" canonicalRef="khani" char="ხ" name="ხ ხანი (Khani)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="fricative" data:voicing="voiceless" data:transliteration="kh" data:ipa="x"}
+
+::character{id="jani" canonicalRef="jani" char="ჯ" name="ჯ ჯანი (Jani)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="affricate" data:voicing="voiced" data:transliteration="j" data:ipa="d͡ʒ"}
+
+::character{id="zhani" canonicalRef="zhani" char="ჟ" name="ჟ ჟანი (Zhani)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="fricative" data:voicing="voiced" data:transliteration="zh" data:ipa="ʒ"}
+
+:::
+
+## Pronunciation Guide
+
+### ხ (Khani) - /x/
+
+This is a **voiceless velar fricative**, produced at the same place as "k" but with continuous airflow instead of a complete stop. It sounds like the "ch" in German "Bach" or Scottish "loch." To produce it, position your tongue as if saying "k" but let the air flow through instead of stopping it.
+
+Do not confuse ხ with the aspirated stop ქ (/kʰ/):
+- ქ has a complete closure followed by a burst of air
+- ხ has continuous friction without closure
+
+### ჯ (Jani) - /dʒ/
+
+Pronounced like English "j" in "jam" or "g" in "gem." This is the **voiced** counterpart to the aspirated affricate ჩ (/tʃʰ/). The three-way postalveolar affricate system is:
+
+| Type | Letter | Sound |
+|------|--------|-------|
+| **Voiced** | **ჯ** | /dʒ/ |
+| Aspirated | ჩ | /tʃʰ/ |
+| Ejective | ჭ | /tʃʼ/ |
+
+### ჟ (Zhani) - /ʒ/
+
+Pronounced like the "s" in English "pleasure" or "zh" in "Zhivago." This is a **voiced postalveolar fricative**, the voiced counterpart to შ (/ʃ/). While შ is voiceless (like "sh"), ჟ adds vocal cord vibration (like "zh").
+
+| Voicing | Fricative | Affricate |
+|---------|-----------|-----------|
+| Voiceless | შ /ʃ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ |
+| **Voiced** | **ჟ /ʒ/** | **ჯ /dʒ/** |
+
+## The Voiced-Voiceless Pairs
+
+This lesson completes important voiced-voiceless pairs in the sibilant system:
+
+- **შ** (sh, voiceless) pairs with **ჟ** (zh, voiced)
+- **ჩ** (ch, voiceless aspirated) contrasts with **ჯ** (j, voiced)
+
+To distinguish them, place your hand on your throat:
+- For voiceless შ and ჩ, you feel no vibration
+- For voiced ჟ and ჯ, you feel clear vibration
+
+## Practice Words
+
+| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |
+|------|----------------|---------|-------|
+| ხილი | khili | fruit | Very common word |
+| ჯამი | jami | bowl | Everyday vocabulary |
+| ჟამი | zhami | time | Literary/formal usage |
+
+## The Velar Fricative Family
+
+Georgian has several consonants produced at or near the velum (back of the mouth):
+
+| Sound | Type | Letter |
+|-------|------|--------|
+| /k/ | Ejective stop | კ |
+| /kʰ/ | Aspirated stop | ქ |
+| /g/ | Voiced stop | გ |
+| **/x/** | **Voiceless fricative** | **ხ** |
+| /ɣ/ | Voiced fricative | ღ (Lesson 9) |
+
+The fricatives ხ and ღ form a voiceless-voiced pair, just as შ-ჟ do for the postalveolar position.
+
+## Recognizing the Shapes
+
+- **ხ** has a distinctive crossed or angular form
+- **ჯ** features a tall vertical stroke with a curve
+- **ჟ** has a complex shape with multiple components, reflecting its less common usage
+
+Pay special attention to distinguishing ჯ from ჯ's visual neighbors in the alphabet.
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **ხ is a velar fricative**: Like German "ch" in "Bach," not an English sound
+2. **ჯ is voiced "j"**: The voiced member of the postalveolar affricate triple
+3. **ჟ is voiced "zh"**: Like English "pleasure," the voiced counterpart to შ
+4. **Voiced-voiceless pairs**: შ/ჟ and ჩ/ჯ mirror each other
+5. **ხილი (fruit)**: A great practice word for the velar fricative
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="advanced-fricative-recognition-08" type="matching" title="Advanced Fricative Recognition" skill="character-recognition" tests="khani,jani,zhani" objectiveId="obj-advanced-fricative-recognition"}
+
+**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its sound description
+
+- ხ
+- ჯ
+- ჟ
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- kh /x/ (Khani) - voiceless velar fricative, like German "Bach"
+- j /dʒ/ (Jani) - voiced postalveolar affricate, like English "jam"
+- zh /ʒ/ (Zhani) - voiced postalveolar fricative, like English "pleasure"
+
+**Explanation:** These three consonants represent different manners of articulation. ხ is produced at the velum (back of the mouth), while ჯ and ჟ are both postalveolar (behind the alveolar ridge). ჯ is an affricate (stop + fricative) and ჟ is a pure fricative.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="voiced-sibilant-contrast-08" type="multiple-choice" title="Voiced Sibilant Pairs" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="jani,zhani" objectiveId="obj-voiced-sibilant-contrast"}
+
+**Question:** Which pair correctly shows a voiceless consonant and its voiced counterpart?
+
+**Options:**
+- შ (voiceless) and ჟ (voiced)
+- ჩ (voiceless) and ჟ (voiced)
+- შ (voiceless) and ჯ (voiced)
+- ხ (voiceless) and ჯ (voiced)
+
+**Answer:** 1
+
+**Explanation:** შ (/ʃ/, voiceless) and ჟ (/ʒ/, voiced) are a matched fricative pair at the postalveolar position. ჩ (/tʃʰ/) and ჯ (/dʒ/) also form a pair, but they are affricates, not fricatives. The distinction matters: fricatives have continuous airflow, while affricates begin with a stop.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="advanced-word-reading-08" type="fill-in-blank" title="Word Reading with Advanced Fricatives" skill="word-recognition" tests="khani,jani,zhani" objectiveId="obj-advanced-word-reading"}
+
+**Question:** Read each word, identify the target consonant, and describe how it is produced
+
+- ხილი (khili - fruit)
+- ჯამი (jami - bowl)
+- ჟამი (zhami - time)
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ხ (kh, /x/) - voiceless velar fricative: tongue near velum, continuous airflow
+- ჯ (j, /dʒ/) - voiced postalveolar affricate: stop release into fricative with voicing
+- ჟ (zh, /ʒ/) - voiced postalveolar fricative: continuous airflow with voicing
+
+**Explanation:** Each word begins with a different type of consonant. ხილი (fruit) is one of the most common Georgian words and provides excellent practice for the velar fricative. ჯამი (bowl) and ჟამი (time) help distinguish the voiced affricate from the voiced fricative.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 9, you'll learn the less common consonants ღ, ძ, and ჰ, including the distinctive voiced velar fricative and the rare Georgian h.

package/src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-09.mdx

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+---
+type: lesson
+id: georgian-alphabet-lesson-09
+title: "გაკვეთილი 9 — იშვიათი თანხმოვნები"
+description: "Less Common Consonants: ღ ძ ჰ — The voiced velar fricative gh, voiced affricate dz, and the rare h"
+order: 9
+parentId: georgian-alphabet
+difficulty: intermediate
+cefrLevel: A1
+categories:
+  - consonants
+  - fricatives
+  - affricates
+  - less-common
+metadata:
+  estimatedTime: 30
+  prerequisites:
+    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-08
+  learningObjectives:
+    - id: obj-less-common-recognition
+      description: "Recognize the less common consonants ღ ძ ჰ"
+      skill: character-recognition
+      references: [ghani, dzili, hae]
+    - id: obj-gh-sound
+      description: "Produce and identify the voiced velar fricative gh"
+      skill: character-sound-mapping
+      references: [ghani]
+    - id: obj-less-common-word-reading
+      description: "Read words containing less common consonants"
+      skill: word-recognition
+      references: [ghani, dzili, hae]
+---
+
+# გაკვეთილი 9 (Lesson 9) — Less Common Consonants
+
+## Introduction
+
+This lesson covers three consonants that are less frequent in everyday writing but appear in important and iconic Georgian words. The star of this lesson is **ღ** (gh), a sound characteristic of Georgian and other Caucasian languages that has no equivalent in English.
+
+## Characters
+
+:::character-set{id="georgian-less-common-consonants" title="Less Common Consonants"}
+
+::character{id="ghani" canonicalRef="ghani" char="ღ" name="ღ ღანი (Ghani)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="fricative" data:voicing="voiced" data:transliteration="gh" data:ipa="ɣ"}
+
+::character{id="dzili" canonicalRef="dzili" char="ძ" name="ძ ძილი (Dzili)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="affricate" data:voicing="voiced" data:transliteration="dz" data:ipa="d͡z"}
+
+::character{id="hae" canonicalRef="hae" char="ჰ" name="ჰ ჰაე (Hae)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="fricative" data:voicing="voiceless" data:transliteration="h" data:ipa="h"}
+
+:::
+
+## Pronunciation Guide
+
+### ღ (Ghani) - /ɣ/
+
+This is a **voiced velar fricative**, one of the most distinctive sounds in Georgian. It is the voiced counterpart to ხ (/x/). To produce it:
+
+1. Position your tongue as if saying "g"
+2. Instead of making a full stop, let air flow through continuously
+3. Add voicing (vocal cord vibration)
+
+The result is a deep, throaty sound. It is similar to:
+- The "r" in French "rouge" (though French r is typically uvular)
+- The "g" in Spanish "amigo" (when pronounced between vowels)
+
+This sound is characteristic of Caucasian languages and appears in one of Georgia's most famous words: **ღვინო** (ghvino, wine).
+
+### ძ (Dzili) - /dz/
+
+Pronounced like the "ds" at the end of English "kids" but at the beginning of a syllable. This is the **voiced alveolar affricate**, completing the three-way system:
+
+| Type | Letter | Sound |
+|------|--------|-------|
+| **Voiced** | **ძ** | /dz/ |
+| Aspirated | ც | /tsʰ/ |
+| Ejective | წ | /tsʼ/ |
+
+The letter name itself, ძილი (dzili), means "sleep."
+
+### ჰ (Hae) - /h/
+
+Pronounced like English "h" in "hello." This is a simple **voiceless glottal fricative**. Despite being easy to pronounce, ჰ is one of the **rarest** consonants in Georgian. It appears in only a handful of native words and some loanwords.
+
+Why is it rare? Georgian historically had no /h/ sound. The letter was added primarily for borrowed words and a few specific native terms. Many Georgian speakers may even drop it in casual speech.
+
+## The Velar Fricative Pair: ხ and ღ
+
+These two consonants form a voiceless-voiced pair at the velum:
+
+| Voicing | Letter | IPA | Example |
+|---------|--------|-----|---------|
+| Voiceless | ხ | /x/ | ხილი (khili, fruit) |
+| **Voiced** | **ღ** | /ɣ/ | ღვინო (ghvino, wine) |
+
+Practice alternating between them:
+- Start with ხ (voiceless): feel no throat vibration
+- Switch to ღ (voiced): feel your throat vibrate
+- The tongue position stays the same; only voicing changes
+
+## Practice Words
+
+| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |
+|------|----------------|---------|-------|
+| ღვინო | ghvino | wine | Georgia's most iconic word |
+| ძილი | dzili | sleep | Also the letter name |
+| ჰავა | hava | climate | One of the few native words with ჰ |
+
+## Georgia and Wine
+
+The word **ღვინო** (ghvino) deserves special attention. Georgia is widely considered the birthplace of winemaking, with archaeological evidence of viticulture dating back 8,000 years. The English word "wine" may ultimately derive from the Georgian ღვინო through various intermediary languages. Learning to pronounce ღ correctly through this word connects you to one of Georgia's deepest cultural traditions.
+
+## The Complete Affricate System
+
+With ძ, you now know all six Georgian affricates:
+
+| Position | Voiced | Aspirated | Ejective |
+|----------|--------|-----------|----------|
+| Alveolar (ts-type) | **ძ** /dz/ | ც /tsʰ/ | წ /tsʼ/ (Lesson 10) |
+| Postalveolar (ch-type) | ჯ /dʒ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ | ჭ /tʃʼ/ (Lesson 10) |
+
+## Key Points
+
+1. **ღ is uniquely Caucasian**: The voiced velar fricative has no English equivalent
+2. **ძ completes the alveolar affricates**: Voiced counterpart to ც and წ
+3. **ჰ is rare**: Georgian historically lacked this sound; it appears in few words
+4. **ღვინო (wine)**: Georgia's most culturally significant word and perfect ღ practice
+5. **Voicing pairs**: ხ/ღ mirror each other, differing only in vocal cord vibration
+
+## Practice Exercises
+
+:::exercise{id="less-common-recognition-09" type="matching" title="Less Common Consonant Recognition" skill="character-recognition" tests="ghani,dzili,hae" objectiveId="obj-less-common-recognition"}
+
+**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its transliteration and sound
+
+- ღ
+- ძ
+- ჰ
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- gh /ɣ/ (Ghani) - voiced velar fricative
+- dz /dz/ (Dzili) - voiced alveolar affricate
+- h /h/ (Hae) - voiceless glottal fricative
+
+**Explanation:** These three consonants represent different positions in the mouth: ღ is produced at the velum (back), ძ at the alveolar ridge (front), and ჰ at the glottis (throat). Despite being less common in writing, they appear in important vocabulary.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="gh-sound-production-09" type="multiple-choice" title="Producing the Voiced Velar Fricative" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="ghani" objectiveId="obj-gh-sound"}
+
+**Question:** How do you produce the Georgian sound ღ (/ɣ/)?
+
+**Options:**
+- Like English "g" but with continuous airflow and vocal cord vibration
+- Like English "h" but at the back of the mouth
+- Like English "r" with the tongue curled back
+- Like English "ng" at the end of "sing"
+
+**Answer:** 1
+
+**Explanation:** ღ (/ɣ/) is a voiced velar fricative. Position your tongue as for "g" (velar position), but instead of making a complete stop, allow air to flow continuously through a narrow gap. Add vocal cord vibration (voicing). The result is a deep, throaty sound unlike any English consonant.
+
+:::
+
+:::exercise{id="less-common-word-reading-09" type="fill-in-blank" title="Word Reading with Less Common Consonants" skill="word-recognition" tests="ghani,dzili,hae" objectiveId="obj-less-common-word-reading"}
+
+**Question:** Read each word and identify its initial consonant
+
+- ღვინო (wine)
+- ძილი (sleep)
+- ჰავა (climate)
+
+**Answer:**
+
+- ღ (gh, /ɣ/) - voiced velar fricative, Georgia's iconic wine word
+- ძ (dz, /dz/) - voiced alveolar affricate, the letter name means "sleep"
+- ჰ (h, /h/) - voiceless glottal fricative, rare in native Georgian words
+
+**Explanation:** These words showcase each consonant in a meaningful context. ღვინო (wine) is perhaps the most culturally important Georgian word and provides essential practice for the unique ღ sound.
+
+:::
+
+## What's Next
+
+In Lesson 10, you'll learn the final three consonants: the ejective affricates წ and ჭ, and the uvular ejective ყ. You will also review all 33 letters of the Georgian alphabet.