@r-universe/webr 2023.6.11 → 2023.6.21

package/dist/vfs/usr/lib/R/tests/Examples/grDevices-Ex.Rout.save

@@ -0,0 +1,4379 @@
+
+R Under development (unstable) (2023-01-20 r83643) -- "Unsuffered Consequences"
+Copyright (C) 2023 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
+Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
+
+R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
+You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
+Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details.
+
+  Natural language support but running in an English locale
+
+R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
+Type 'contributors()' for more information and
+'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.
+
+Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or
+'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
+Type 'q()' to quit R.
+
+> pkgname <- "grDevices"
+> source(file.path(R.home("share"), "R", "examples-header.R"))
+> options(warn = 1)
+> library('grDevices')
+> 
+> base::assign(".oldSearch", base::search(), pos = 'CheckExEnv')
+> base::assign(".old_wd", base::getwd(), pos = 'CheckExEnv')
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("Devices")
+> ### * Devices
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: Devices
+> ### Title: List of Graphical Devices
+> ### Aliases: Devices device
+> ### Keywords: device
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> ## Not run: 
+> ##D ## open the default screen device on this platform if no device is
+> ##D ## open
+> ##D if(dev.cur() == 1) dev.new()
+> ## End(Not run)
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("Hershey")
+> ### * Hershey
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: Hershey
+> ### Title: Hershey Vector Fonts in R
+> ### Aliases: Hershey
+> ### Keywords: aplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> Hershey
+$typeface
+[1] "serif"             "sans serif"        "script"           
+[4] "gothic english"    "gothic german"     "gothic italian"   
+[7] "serif symbol"      "sans serif symbol"
+
+$fontindex
+[1] "plain"            "italic"           "bold"             "bold italic"     
+[5] "cyrillic"         "oblique cyrillic" "EUC"             
+
+$allowed
+      [,1] [,2]
+ [1,]    1    1
+ [2,]    1    2
+ [3,]    1    3
+ [4,]    1    4
+ [5,]    1    5
+ [6,]    1    6
+ [7,]    1    7
+ [8,]    2    1
+ [9,]    2    2
+[10,]    2    3
+[11,]    2    4
+[12,]    3    1
+[13,]    3    2
+[14,]    3    3
+[15,]    4    1
+[16,]    5    1
+[17,]    6    1
+[18,]    7    1
+[19,]    7    2
+[20,]    7    3
+[21,]    7    4
+[22,]    8    1
+[23,]    8    2
+
+> 
+> ## for tables of examples, see demo(Hershey)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("Japanese")
+> ### * Japanese
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: Japanese
+> ### Title: Japanese characters in R
+> ### Aliases: Japanese
+> ### Keywords: aplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> 
+> plot(1:9, type = "n", axes = FALSE, frame.plot = TRUE, ylab = "",
++      main = "example(Japanese)", xlab = "using Hershey fonts")
+> par(cex = 3)
+> Vf <- c("serif", "plain")
+> text(4, 2, "\\#J244b\\#J245b\\#J2473", vfont = Vf)
+> text(4, 4, "\\#J2538\\#J2563\\#J2551\\#J2573", vfont = Vf)
+> text(4, 6, "\\#J467c\\#J4b5c", vfont = Vf)
+> text(4, 8, "Japan", vfont = Vf)
+> par(cex = 1)
+> text(8, 2, "Hiragana")
+> text(8, 4, "Katakana")
+> text(8, 6, "Kanji")
+> text(8, 8, "English")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("Type1Font")
+> ### * Type1Font
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: Type1Font
+> ### Title: Type 1 and CID Fonts
+> ### Aliases: Type1Font CIDFont
+> ### Keywords: device
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> ## This duplicates "ComputerModernItalic".
+> CMitalic <- Type1Font("ComputerModern2",
++                       c("CM_regular_10.afm", "CM_boldx_10.afm",
++                         "cmti10.afm", "cmbxti10.afm",
++                         "CM_symbol_10.afm"),
++                       encoding = "TeXtext.enc")
+> 
+> ## Not run: 
+> ##D ## This could be used by
+> ##D postscript(family = CMitalic)
+> ##D ## or
+> ##D postscriptFonts(CMitalic = CMitalic)  # once in a session
+> ##D postscript(family = "CMitalic", encoding = "TeXtext.enc")
+> ## End(Not run)
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("adjustcolor")
+> ### * adjustcolor
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: adjustcolor
+> ### Title: Adjust Colors in One or More Directions Conveniently.
+> ### Aliases: adjustcolor
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> ## Illustrative examples :
+> opal <- palette("default")
+> stopifnot(identical(adjustcolor(1:8,       0.75),
++                     adjustcolor(palette(), 0.75)))
+> cbind(palette(), adjustcolor(1:8, 0.75))
+     [,1]      [,2]       
+[1,] "black"   "#000000BF"
+[2,] "#DF536B" "#DF536BBF"
+[3,] "#61D04F" "#61D04FBF"
+[4,] "#2297E6" "#2297E6BF"
+[5,] "#28E2E5" "#28E2E5BF"
+[6,] "#CD0BBC" "#CD0BBCBF"
+[7,] "#F5C710" "#F5C710BF"
+[8,] "gray62"  "#9E9E9EBF"
+> 
+> ##  alpha = 1/2 * previous alpha --> opaque colors
+> x <- palette(adjustcolor(palette(), 0.5))
+> 
+> sines <- outer(1:20, 1:4, function(x, y) sin(x / 20 * pi * y))
+> matplot(sines, type = "b", pch = 21:23, col = 2:5, bg = 2:5,
++         main = "Using an 'opaque ('translucent') color palette")
+> 
+> x. <- adjustcolor(x, offset = c(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0), # <- "more white"
++                   transform = diag(c(.7, .7, .7, 0.6)))
+> cbind(x, x.)
+     x         x.         
+[1,] "black"   "#80808099"
+[2,] "#DF536B" "#FFBACA99"
+[3,] "#61D04F" "#C3FFB799"
+[4,] "#2297E6" "#97E9FF99"
+[5,] "#28E2E5" "#9BFFFF99"
+[6,] "#CD0BBC" "#FF87FF99"
+[7,] "#F5C710" "#FFFF8B99"
+[8,] "gray62"  "#EEEEEE99"
+> op <- par(bg = adjustcolor("goldenrod", offset = -rep(.4, 4)), xpd = NA)
+> plot(0:9, 0:9, type = "n", axes = FALSE, xlab = "", ylab = "",
++      main = "adjustcolor() -> translucent")
+> text(1:8, labels = paste0(x,"++"), col = x., cex = 8)
+> par(op)
+> 
+> ## and
+> 
+> (M <- cbind( rbind( matrix(1/3, 3, 3), 0), c(0, 0, 0, 1)))
+          [,1]      [,2]      [,3] [,4]
+[1,] 0.3333333 0.3333333 0.3333333    0
+[2,] 0.3333333 0.3333333 0.3333333    0
+[3,] 0.3333333 0.3333333 0.3333333    0
+[4,] 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000    1
+> adjustcolor(x, transform = M)
+[1] "#000000FF" "#8A8A8AFF" "#808080FF" "#8A8A8AFF" "#A5A5A5FF" "#878787FF"
+[7] "#999999FF" "#9E9E9EFF"
+> 
+> ## revert to previous palette: active
+> palette(opal)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("as.raster")
+> ### * as.raster
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: as.raster
+> ### Title: Create a Raster Object
+> ### Aliases: is.raster as.raster as.raster.logical as.raster.numeric
+> ###   as.raster.raw as.raster.character as.raster.matrix as.raster.array
+> ### Keywords: dplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> # A red gradient
+> as.raster(matrix(hcl(0, 80, seq(50, 80, 10)),
++                  nrow = 4, ncol = 5))
+     [,1]      [,2]      [,3]      [,4]      [,5]     
+[1,] "#C54E6D" "#C54E6D" "#C54E6D" "#C54E6D" "#C54E6D"
+[2,] "#E16A86" "#E16A86" "#E16A86" "#E16A86" "#E16A86"
+[3,] "#FE86A1" "#FE86A1" "#FE86A1" "#FE86A1" "#FE86A1"
+[4,] "#FFA2BC" "#FFA2BC" "#FFA2BC" "#FFA2BC" "#FFA2BC"
+> 
+> # Vectors are 1-column matrices ...
+> #   character vectors are color names ...
+> as.raster(hcl(0, 80, seq(50, 80, 10)))
+     [,1]     
+[1,] "#C54E6D"
+[2,] "#E16A86"
+[3,] "#FE86A1"
+[4,] "#FFA2BC"
+> #   numeric vectors are greyscale ...
+> as.raster(1:5, max = 5)
+     [,1]     
+[1,] "#333333"
+[2,] "#666666"
+[3,] "#999999"
+[4,] "#CCCCCC"
+[5,] "#FFFFFF"
+> #   logical vectors are black and white ...
+> as.raster(1:10 %% 2 == 0)
+      [,1]     
+ [1,] "#000000"
+ [2,] "#FFFFFF"
+ [3,] "#000000"
+ [4,] "#FFFFFF"
+ [5,] "#000000"
+ [6,] "#FFFFFF"
+ [7,] "#000000"
+ [8,] "#FFFFFF"
+ [9,] "#000000"
+[10,] "#FFFFFF"
+> 
+> # ... unless nrow/ncol are supplied ...
+> as.raster(1:10 %% 2 == 0, nrow = 1)
+     [,1]      [,2]      [,3]      [,4]      [,5]      [,6]      [,7]     
+[1,] "#000000" "#FFFFFF" "#000000" "#FFFFFF" "#000000" "#FFFFFF" "#000000"
+     [,8]      [,9]      [,10]    
+[1,] "#FFFFFF" "#000000" "#FFFFFF"
+> 
+> # Matrix can also be logical or numeric (or raw) ...
+> as.raster(matrix(c(TRUE, FALSE), nrow = 3, ncol = 2))
+     [,1]      [,2]     
+[1,] "#FFFFFF" "#000000"
+[2,] "#000000" "#FFFFFF"
+[3,] "#FFFFFF" "#000000"
+> as.raster(matrix(1:3/4, nrow = 3, ncol = 4))
+     [,1]      [,2]      [,3]      [,4]     
+[1,] "#404040" "#404040" "#404040" "#404040"
+[2,] "#808080" "#808080" "#808080" "#808080"
+[3,] "#BFBFBF" "#BFBFBF" "#BFBFBF" "#BFBFBF"
+> 
+> # An array can be 3-plane numeric (R, G, B planes) ...
+> as.raster(array(c(0:1, rep(0.5, 4)), c(2, 1, 3)))
+     [,1]     
+[1,] "#008080"
+[2,] "#FF8080"
+> 
+> # ... or 4-plane numeric (R, G, B, A planes)
+> as.raster(array(c(0:1, rep(0.5, 6)), c(2, 1, 4)))
+     [,1]       
+[1,] "#00808080"
+[2,] "#FF808080"
+> 
+> # subsetting
+> r <- as.raster(matrix(colors()[1:100], ncol = 10))
+> r[, 2]
+      [,1]         
+ [1,] "aquamarine3"
+ [2,] "aquamarine4"
+ [3,] "azure"      
+ [4,] "azure1"     
+ [5,] "azure2"     
+ [6,] "azure3"     
+ [7,] "azure4"     
+ [8,] "beige"      
+ [9,] "bisque"     
+[10,] "bisque1"    
+> r[2:4, 2:5]
+     [,1]          [,2]      [,3]     [,4]        
+[1,] "aquamarine4" "bisque3" "brown"  "cadetblue" 
+[2,] "azure"       "bisque4" "brown1" "cadetblue1"
+[3,] "azure1"      "black"   "brown2" "cadetblue2"
+> 
+> # assigning to subset
+> r[2:4, 2:5] <- "white"
+> 
+> # comparison
+> r == "white"
+       [,1]  [,2]  [,3]  [,4]  [,5]  [,6]  [,7]  [,8]  [,9] [,10]
+ [1,]  TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
+ [2,] FALSE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
+ [3,] FALSE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
+ [4,] FALSE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
+ [5,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
+ [6,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
+ [7,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
+ [8,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
+ [9,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
+[10,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
+> 
+> ## Don't show: 
+> stopifnot(r[] == r,
++           identical(r[3:5], colors()[3:5]))
+> r[2:4] <- "black"
+> stopifnot(identical(r[1:4, 1], as.raster(c("white", rep("black", 3)))))
+> ## End(Don't show)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("axisTicks")
+> ### * axisTicks
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: axisTicks
+> ### Title: Compute Pretty Axis Tick Scales
+> ### Aliases: axisTicks .axisPars
+> ### Keywords: dplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> ##--- Demonstrating correspondence between graphics'
+> ##--- axis() and the graphics-engine agnostic  axisTicks() :
+> 
+> require("graphics")
+> plot(10*(0:10)); (pu <- par("usr"))
+[1]   0.6  11.4  -4.0 104.0
+> aX <- function(side, at, ...)
++     axis(side, at = at, labels = FALSE, lwd.ticks = 2, col.ticks = 2,
++          tck = 0.05, ...)
+> aX(1, print(xa <- axisTicks(pu[1:2], log = FALSE)))  # x axis
+[1]  2  4  6  8 10
+> aX(2, print(ya <- axisTicks(pu[3:4], log = FALSE)))  # y axis
+[1]   0  20  40  60  80 100
+> 
+> axisTicks(pu[3:4], log = FALSE, nint = 10)
+ [1]   0  10  20  30  40  50  60  70  80  90 100
+> 
+> plot(10*(0:10), log = "y"); (pu <- par("usr"))
+Warning in xy.coords(x, y, xlabel, ylabel, log) :
+  1 y value <= 0 omitted from logarithmic plot
+[1]  0.60 11.40  0.96  2.04
+> aX(2, print(ya <- axisTicks(pu[3:4], log = TRUE)))  # y axis
+[1]  10  20  50 100
+> 
+> plot(2^(0:9), log = "y"); (pu <- par("usr"))
+[1]  0.6400000 10.3600000 -0.1083708  2.8176408
+> aX(2, print(ya <- axisTicks(pu[3:4], log = TRUE)))  # y axis
+[1]   1   2   5  10  20  50 100 200 500
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("boxplot.stats")
+> ### * boxplot.stats
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: boxplot.stats
+> ### Title: Box Plot Statistics
+> ### Aliases: boxplot.stats
+> ### Keywords: dplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats)
+> x <- c(1:100, 1000)
+> (b1 <- boxplot.stats(x))
+$stats
+[1]   1  26  51  76 100
+
+$n
+[1] 101
+
+$conf
+[1] 43.13921 58.86079
+
+$out
+[1] 1000
+
+> (b2 <- boxplot.stats(x, do.conf = FALSE, do.out = FALSE))
+$stats
+[1]   1  26  51  76 100
+
+$n
+[1] 101
+
+$conf
+NULL
+
+$out
+numeric(0)
+
+> stopifnot(b1 $ stats == b2 $ stats) # do.out = FALSE is still robust
+> boxplot.stats(x, coef = 3, do.conf = FALSE)
+$stats
+[1]   1  26  51  76 100
+
+$n
+[1] 101
+
+$conf
+NULL
+
+$out
+[1] 1000
+
+> ## no outlier treatment:
+> boxplot.stats(x, coef = 0)
+$stats
+[1]    1   26   51   76 1000
+
+$n
+[1] 101
+
+$conf
+[1] 43.13921 58.86079
+
+$out
+numeric(0)
+
+> 
+> boxplot.stats(c(x, NA)) # slight change : n is 101
+$stats
+[1]   1  26  51  76 100
+
+$n
+[1] 101
+
+$conf
+[1] 43.13921 58.86079
+
+$out
+[1] 1000
+
+> (r <- boxplot.stats(c(x, -1:1/0)))
+$stats
+[1]   1.0  25.5  51.0  76.5 100.0
+
+$n
+[1] 103
+
+$conf
+[1] 43.06022 58.93978
+
+$out
+[1] 1000 -Inf  Inf
+
+> stopifnot(r$out == c(1000, -Inf, Inf))
+> 
+> ## Don't show: 
+>  ## Difference between quartiles and hinges :
+>  nn <- 1:17 ;  n4 <- nn %% 4
+>  hin <- sapply(sapply(nn, seq), function(x) boxplot.stats(x)$stats[c(2,4)])
+>  q13 <- sapply(sapply(nn, seq), quantile, probs = c(1,3)/4, names = FALSE)
+>  m <- t(rbind(q13,hin))[, c(1,3,2,4)]
+>  dimnames(m) <- list(paste(nn), c("q1","lH", "q3","uH"))
+>  stopifnot(m[n4 == 1, 1:2] == (nn[n4 == 1] + 3)/4,   # quart. = hinge
++            m[n4 == 1, 3:4] == (3*nn[n4 == 1] + 1)/4,
++            m[,"lH"] == ( (nn+3) %/% 2) / 2,
++            m[,"uH"] == ((3*nn+2)%/% 2) / 2)
+>  cm <- noquote(format(m))
+>  cm[m[,2] == m[,1], 2] <- " = "
+>  cm[m[,4] == m[,3], 4] <- " = "
+>  cm
+   q1    lH    q3    uH   
+1   1.00  =     1.00  =   
+2   1.25  1.00  1.75  2.00
+3   1.50  =     2.50  =   
+4   1.75  1.50  3.25  3.50
+5   2.00  =     4.00  =   
+6   2.25  2.00  4.75  5.00
+7   2.50  =     5.50  =   
+8   2.75  2.50  6.25  6.50
+9   3.00  =     7.00  =   
+10  3.25  3.00  7.75  8.00
+11  3.50  =     8.50  =   
+12  3.75  3.50  9.25  9.50
+13  4.00  =    10.00  =   
+14  4.25  4.00 10.75 11.00
+15  4.50  =    11.50  =   
+16  4.75  4.50 12.25 12.50
+17  5.00  =    13.00  =   
+> ## End(Don't show)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("cairoSymbolFont")
+> ### * cairoSymbolFont
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: cairoSymbolFont
+> ### Title: Specify a Symbol Font
+> ### Aliases: cairoSymbolFont
+> ### Keywords: device
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> ## Not run: 
+> ##D ## If a font uses PUA, we can just specify the font name ...
+> ##D cairo_pdf(symbolfamily="OpenSymbol")
+> ##D dev.off()
+> ##D ## ... or equivalently ...
+> ##D cairo_pdf(symbolfamily=cairoSymbolFont("OpenSymbol"))
+> ##D dev.off()
+> ##D 
+> ##D ## If a font does not use PUA, we must indicate that ...
+> ##D cairo_pdf(symbolfamily=cairoSymbolFont("Nimbus Sans", usePUA=FALSE))
+> ##D dev.off()
+> ## End(Not run)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("check.options")
+> ### * check.options
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: check.options
+> ### Title: Set Options with Consistency Checks
+> ### Aliases: check.options
+> ### Keywords: utilities programming
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> (L1 <- list(a = 1:3, b = pi, ch = "CH"))
+$a
+[1] 1 2 3
+
+$b
+[1] 3.141593
+
+$ch
+[1] "CH"
+
+> check.options(list(a = 0:2), name.opt = "L1")
+$a
+[1] 0 1 2
+
+$b
+[1] 3.141593
+
+$ch
+[1] "CH"
+
+> check.options(NULL, reset = TRUE, name.opt = "L1")
+$a
+[1] 1 2 3
+
+$b
+[1] 3.141593
+
+$ch
+[1] "CH"
+
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("chull")
+> ### * chull
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: chull
+> ### Title: Compute Convex Hull of a Set of Points
+> ### Aliases: chull
+> ### Keywords: graphs
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> X <- matrix(stats::rnorm(2000), ncol = 2)
+> chull(X)
+ [1]  61 442 165 899 697 446 975 656 232 557 938 295 495
+> ## Not run: 
+> ##D   # Example usage from graphics package
+> ##D   plot(X, cex = 0.5)
+> ##D   hpts <- chull(X)
+> ##D   hpts <- c(hpts, hpts[1])
+> ##D   lines(X[hpts, ])
+> ## End(Not run)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("cm")
+> ### * cm
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: cm
+> ### Title: Unit Transformation
+> ### Aliases: cm
+> ### Keywords: dplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> cm(1)  # = 2.54
+[1] 2.54
+> 
+> ## Translate *from* cm *to* inches:
+> 
+> 10 / cm(1) # -> 10cm  are 3.937 inches
+[1] 3.937008
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("col2rgb")
+> ### * col2rgb
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: col2rgb
+> ### Title: Color to RGB Conversion
+> ### Aliases: col2rgb
+> ### Keywords: color dplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> col2rgb("peachpuff")
+      [,1]
+red    255
+green  218
+blue   185
+> col2rgb(c(blu = "royalblue", reddish = "tomato"))  # note: colnames
+      blu reddish
+red    65     255
+green 105      99
+blue  225      71
+> 
+> col2rgb(1:8)  # the ones from the palette() (if the default)
+      [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8]
+red      0  223   97   34   40  205  245  158
+green    0   83  208  151  226   11  199  158
+blue     0  107   79  230  229  188   16  158
+> 
+> col2rgb(paste0("gold", 1:4))
+      [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
+red    255  238  205  139
+green  215  201  173  117
+blue     0    0    0    0
+> 
+> col2rgb("#08a0ff")
+      [,1]
+red      8
+green  160
+blue   255
+> ## all three kinds of color specifications:
+> col2rgb(c(red = "red", hex = "#abcdef"))
+      red hex
+red   255 171
+green   0 205
+blue    0 239
+> col2rgb(c(palette = 1:3))
+      palette1 palette2 palette3
+red          0      223       97
+green        0       83      208
+blue         0      107       79
+> 
+> ##-- NON-INTRODUCTORY examples --
+> 
+> grC <- col2rgb(paste0("gray", 0:100))
+> table(print(diff(grC["red",])))  # '2' or '3': almost equidistant
+  [1] 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
+ [38] 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3
+ [75] 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3
+
+ 2  3 
+45 55 
+> ## The 'named' grays are in between {"slate gray" is not gray, strictly}
+> col2rgb(c(g66 = "gray66", darkg =  "dark gray", g67 = "gray67",
++           g74 = "gray74", gray  =       "gray", g75 = "gray75",
++           g82 = "gray82", light = "light gray", g83 = "gray83"))
+      g66 darkg g67 g74 gray g75 g82 light g83
+red   168   169 171 189  190 191 209   211 212
+green 168   169 171 189  190 191 209   211 212
+blue  168   169 171 189  190 191 209   211 212
+> 
+> crgb <- col2rgb(cc <- colors())
+> colnames(crgb) <- cc
+> t(crgb)  # The whole table
+                     red green blue
+white                255   255  255
+aliceblue            240   248  255
+antiquewhite         250   235  215
+antiquewhite1        255   239  219
+antiquewhite2        238   223  204
+antiquewhite3        205   192  176
+antiquewhite4        139   131  120
+aquamarine           127   255  212
+aquamarine1          127   255  212
+aquamarine2          118   238  198
+aquamarine3          102   205  170
+aquamarine4           69   139  116
+azure                240   255  255
+azure1               240   255  255
+azure2               224   238  238
+azure3               193   205  205
+azure4               131   139  139
+beige                245   245  220
+bisque               255   228  196
+bisque1              255   228  196
+bisque2              238   213  183
+bisque3              205   183  158
+bisque4              139   125  107
+black                  0     0    0
+blanchedalmond       255   235  205
+blue                   0     0  255
+blue1                  0     0  255
+blue2                  0     0  238
+blue3                  0     0  205
+blue4                  0     0  139
+blueviolet           138    43  226
+brown                165    42   42
+brown1               255    64   64
+brown2               238    59   59
+brown3               205    51   51
+brown4               139    35   35
+burlywood            222   184  135
+burlywood1           255   211  155
+burlywood2           238   197  145
+burlywood3           205   170  125
+burlywood4           139   115   85
+cadetblue             95   158  160
+cadetblue1           152   245  255
+cadetblue2           142   229  238
+cadetblue3           122   197  205
+cadetblue4            83   134  139
+chartreuse           127   255    0
+chartreuse1          127   255    0
+chartreuse2          118   238    0
+chartreuse3          102   205    0
+chartreuse4           69   139    0
+chocolate            210   105   30
+chocolate1           255   127   36
+chocolate2           238   118   33
+chocolate3           205   102   29
+chocolate4           139    69   19
+coral                255   127   80
+coral1               255   114   86
+coral2               238   106   80
+coral3               205    91   69
+coral4               139    62   47
+cornflowerblue       100   149  237
+cornsilk             255   248  220
+cornsilk1            255   248  220
+cornsilk2            238   232  205
+cornsilk3            205   200  177
+cornsilk4            139   136  120
+cyan                   0   255  255
+cyan1                  0   255  255
+cyan2                  0   238  238
+cyan3                  0   205  205
+cyan4                  0   139  139
+darkblue               0     0  139
+darkcyan               0   139  139
+darkgoldenrod        184   134   11
+darkgoldenrod1       255   185   15
+darkgoldenrod2       238   173   14
+darkgoldenrod3       205   149   12
+darkgoldenrod4       139   101    8
+darkgray             169   169  169
+darkgreen              0   100    0
+darkgrey             169   169  169
+darkkhaki            189   183  107
+darkmagenta          139     0  139
+darkolivegreen        85   107   47
+darkolivegreen1      202   255  112
+darkolivegreen2      188   238  104
+darkolivegreen3      162   205   90
+darkolivegreen4      110   139   61
+darkorange           255   140    0
+darkorange1          255   127    0
+darkorange2          238   118    0
+darkorange3          205   102    0
+darkorange4          139    69    0
+darkorchid           153    50  204
+darkorchid1          191    62  255
+darkorchid2          178    58  238
+darkorchid3          154    50  205
+darkorchid4          104    34  139
+darkred              139     0    0
+darksalmon           233   150  122
+darkseagreen         143   188  143
+darkseagreen1        193   255  193
+darkseagreen2        180   238  180
+darkseagreen3        155   205  155
+darkseagreen4        105   139  105
+darkslateblue         72    61  139
+darkslategray         47    79   79
+darkslategray1       151   255  255
+darkslategray2       141   238  238
+darkslategray3       121   205  205
+darkslategray4        82   139  139
+darkslategrey         47    79   79
+darkturquoise          0   206  209
+darkviolet           148     0  211
+deeppink             255    20  147
+deeppink1            255    20  147
+deeppink2            238    18  137
+deeppink3            205    16  118
+deeppink4            139    10   80
+deepskyblue            0   191  255
+deepskyblue1           0   191  255
+deepskyblue2           0   178  238
+deepskyblue3           0   154  205
+deepskyblue4           0   104  139
+dimgray              105   105  105
+dimgrey              105   105  105
+dodgerblue            30   144  255
+dodgerblue1           30   144  255
+dodgerblue2           28   134  238
+dodgerblue3           24   116  205
+dodgerblue4           16    78  139
+firebrick            178    34   34
+firebrick1           255    48   48
+firebrick2           238    44   44
+firebrick3           205    38   38
+firebrick4           139    26   26
+floralwhite          255   250  240
+forestgreen           34   139   34
+gainsboro            220   220  220
+ghostwhite           248   248  255
+gold                 255   215    0
+gold1                255   215    0
+gold2                238   201    0
+gold3                205   173    0
+gold4                139   117    0
+goldenrod            218   165   32
+goldenrod1           255   193   37
+goldenrod2           238   180   34
+goldenrod3           205   155   29
+goldenrod4           139   105   20
+gray                 190   190  190
+gray0                  0     0    0
+gray1                  3     3    3
+gray2                  5     5    5
+gray3                  8     8    8
+gray4                 10    10   10
+gray5                 13    13   13
+gray6                 15    15   15
+gray7                 18    18   18
+gray8                 20    20   20
+gray9                 23    23   23
+gray10                26    26   26
+gray11                28    28   28
+gray12                31    31   31
+gray13                33    33   33
+gray14                36    36   36
+gray15                38    38   38
+gray16                41    41   41
+gray17                43    43   43
+gray18                46    46   46
+gray19                48    48   48
+gray20                51    51   51
+gray21                54    54   54
+gray22                56    56   56
+gray23                59    59   59
+gray24                61    61   61
+gray25                64    64   64
+gray26                66    66   66
+gray27                69    69   69
+gray28                71    71   71
+gray29                74    74   74
+gray30                77    77   77
+gray31                79    79   79
+gray32                82    82   82
+gray33                84    84   84
+gray34                87    87   87
+gray35                89    89   89
+gray36                92    92   92
+gray37                94    94   94
+gray38                97    97   97
+gray39                99    99   99
+gray40               102   102  102
+gray41               105   105  105
+gray42               107   107  107
+gray43               110   110  110
+gray44               112   112  112
+gray45               115   115  115
+gray46               117   117  117
+gray47               120   120  120
+gray48               122   122  122
+gray49               125   125  125
+gray50               127   127  127
+gray51               130   130  130
+gray52               133   133  133
+gray53               135   135  135
+gray54               138   138  138
+gray55               140   140  140
+gray56               143   143  143
+gray57               145   145  145
+gray58               148   148  148
+gray59               150   150  150
+gray60               153   153  153
+gray61               156   156  156
+gray62               158   158  158
+gray63               161   161  161
+gray64               163   163  163
+gray65               166   166  166
+gray66               168   168  168
+gray67               171   171  171
+gray68               173   173  173
+gray69               176   176  176
+gray70               179   179  179
+gray71               181   181  181
+gray72               184   184  184
+gray73               186   186  186
+gray74               189   189  189
+gray75               191   191  191
+gray76               194   194  194
+gray77               196   196  196
+gray78               199   199  199
+gray79               201   201  201
+gray80               204   204  204
+gray81               207   207  207
+gray82               209   209  209
+gray83               212   212  212
+gray84               214   214  214
+gray85               217   217  217
+gray86               219   219  219
+gray87               222   222  222
+gray88               224   224  224
+gray89               227   227  227
+gray90               229   229  229
+gray91               232   232  232
+gray92               235   235  235
+gray93               237   237  237
+gray94               240   240  240
+gray95               242   242  242
+gray96               245   245  245
+gray97               247   247  247
+gray98               250   250  250
+gray99               252   252  252
+gray100              255   255  255
+green                  0   255    0
+green1                 0   255    0
+green2                 0   238    0
+green3                 0   205    0
+green4                 0   139    0
+greenyellow          173   255   47
+grey                 190   190  190
+grey0                  0     0    0
+grey1                  3     3    3
+grey2                  5     5    5
+grey3                  8     8    8
+grey4                 10    10   10
+grey5                 13    13   13
+grey6                 15    15   15
+grey7                 18    18   18
+grey8                 20    20   20
+grey9                 23    23   23
+grey10                26    26   26
+grey11                28    28   28
+grey12                31    31   31
+grey13                33    33   33
+grey14                36    36   36
+grey15                38    38   38
+grey16                41    41   41
+grey17                43    43   43
+grey18                46    46   46
+grey19                48    48   48
+grey20                51    51   51
+grey21                54    54   54
+grey22                56    56   56
+grey23                59    59   59
+grey24                61    61   61
+grey25                64    64   64
+grey26                66    66   66
+grey27                69    69   69
+grey28                71    71   71
+grey29                74    74   74
+grey30                77    77   77
+grey31                79    79   79
+grey32                82    82   82
+grey33                84    84   84
+grey34                87    87   87
+grey35                89    89   89
+grey36                92    92   92
+grey37                94    94   94
+grey38                97    97   97
+grey39                99    99   99
+grey40               102   102  102
+grey41               105   105  105
+grey42               107   107  107
+grey43               110   110  110
+grey44               112   112  112
+grey45               115   115  115
+grey46               117   117  117
+grey47               120   120  120
+grey48               122   122  122
+grey49               125   125  125
+grey50               127   127  127
+grey51               130   130  130
+grey52               133   133  133
+grey53               135   135  135
+grey54               138   138  138
+grey55               140   140  140
+grey56               143   143  143
+grey57               145   145  145
+grey58               148   148  148
+grey59               150   150  150
+grey60               153   153  153
+grey61               156   156  156
+grey62               158   158  158
+grey63               161   161  161
+grey64               163   163  163
+grey65               166   166  166
+grey66               168   168  168
+grey67               171   171  171
+grey68               173   173  173
+grey69               176   176  176
+grey70               179   179  179
+grey71               181   181  181
+grey72               184   184  184
+grey73               186   186  186
+grey74               189   189  189
+grey75               191   191  191
+grey76               194   194  194
+grey77               196   196  196
+grey78               199   199  199
+grey79               201   201  201
+grey80               204   204  204
+grey81               207   207  207
+grey82               209   209  209
+grey83               212   212  212
+grey84               214   214  214
+grey85               217   217  217
+grey86               219   219  219
+grey87               222   222  222
+grey88               224   224  224
+grey89               227   227  227
+grey90               229   229  229
+grey91               232   232  232
+grey92               235   235  235
+grey93               237   237  237
+grey94               240   240  240
+grey95               242   242  242
+grey96               245   245  245
+grey97               247   247  247
+grey98               250   250  250
+grey99               252   252  252
+grey100              255   255  255
+honeydew             240   255  240
+honeydew1            240   255  240
+honeydew2            224   238  224
+honeydew3            193   205  193
+honeydew4            131   139  131
+hotpink              255   105  180
+hotpink1             255   110  180
+hotpink2             238   106  167
+hotpink3             205    96  144
+hotpink4             139    58   98
+indianred            205    92   92
+indianred1           255   106  106
+indianred2           238    99   99
+indianred3           205    85   85
+indianred4           139    58   58
+ivory                255   255  240
+ivory1               255   255  240
+ivory2               238   238  224
+ivory3               205   205  193
+ivory4               139   139  131
+khaki                240   230  140
+khaki1               255   246  143
+khaki2               238   230  133
+khaki3               205   198  115
+khaki4               139   134   78
+lavender             230   230  250
+lavenderblush        255   240  245
+lavenderblush1       255   240  245
+lavenderblush2       238   224  229
+lavenderblush3       205   193  197
+lavenderblush4       139   131  134
+lawngreen            124   252    0
+lemonchiffon         255   250  205
+lemonchiffon1        255   250  205
+lemonchiffon2        238   233  191
+lemonchiffon3        205   201  165
+lemonchiffon4        139   137  112
+lightblue            173   216  230
+lightblue1           191   239  255
+lightblue2           178   223  238
+lightblue3           154   192  205
+lightblue4           104   131  139
+lightcoral           240   128  128
+lightcyan            224   255  255
+lightcyan1           224   255  255
+lightcyan2           209   238  238
+lightcyan3           180   205  205
+lightcyan4           122   139  139
+lightgoldenrod       238   221  130
+lightgoldenrod1      255   236  139
+lightgoldenrod2      238   220  130
+lightgoldenrod3      205   190  112
+lightgoldenrod4      139   129   76
+lightgoldenrodyellow 250   250  210
+lightgray            211   211  211
+lightgreen           144   238  144
+lightgrey            211   211  211
+lightpink            255   182  193
+lightpink1           255   174  185
+lightpink2           238   162  173
+lightpink3           205   140  149
+lightpink4           139    95  101
+lightsalmon          255   160  122
+lightsalmon1         255   160  122
+lightsalmon2         238   149  114
+lightsalmon3         205   129   98
+lightsalmon4         139    87   66
+lightseagreen         32   178  170
+lightskyblue         135   206  250
+lightskyblue1        176   226  255
+lightskyblue2        164   211  238
+lightskyblue3        141   182  205
+lightskyblue4         96   123  139
+lightslateblue       132   112  255
+lightslategray       119   136  153
+lightslategrey       119   136  153
+lightsteelblue       176   196  222
+lightsteelblue1      202   225  255
+lightsteelblue2      188   210  238
+lightsteelblue3      162   181  205
+lightsteelblue4      110   123  139
+lightyellow          255   255  224
+lightyellow1         255   255  224
+lightyellow2         238   238  209
+lightyellow3         205   205  180
+lightyellow4         139   139  122
+limegreen             50   205   50
+linen                250   240  230
+magenta              255     0  255
+magenta1             255     0  255
+magenta2             238     0  238
+magenta3             205     0  205
+magenta4             139     0  139
+maroon               176    48   96
+maroon1              255    52  179
+maroon2              238    48  167
+maroon3              205    41  144
+maroon4              139    28   98
+mediumaquamarine     102   205  170
+mediumblue             0     0  205
+mediumorchid         186    85  211
+mediumorchid1        224   102  255
+mediumorchid2        209    95  238
+mediumorchid3        180    82  205
+mediumorchid4        122    55  139
+mediumpurple         147   112  219
+mediumpurple1        171   130  255
+mediumpurple2        159   121  238
+mediumpurple3        137   104  205
+mediumpurple4         93    71  139
+mediumseagreen        60   179  113
+mediumslateblue      123   104  238
+mediumspringgreen      0   250  154
+mediumturquoise       72   209  204
+mediumvioletred      199    21  133
+midnightblue          25    25  112
+mintcream            245   255  250
+mistyrose            255   228  225
+mistyrose1           255   228  225
+mistyrose2           238   213  210
+mistyrose3           205   183  181
+mistyrose4           139   125  123
+moccasin             255   228  181
+navajowhite          255   222  173
+navajowhite1         255   222  173
+navajowhite2         238   207  161
+navajowhite3         205   179  139
+navajowhite4         139   121   94
+navy                   0     0  128
+navyblue               0     0  128
+oldlace              253   245  230
+olivedrab            107   142   35
+olivedrab1           192   255   62
+olivedrab2           179   238   58
+olivedrab3           154   205   50
+olivedrab4           105   139   34
+orange               255   165    0
+orange1              255   165    0
+orange2              238   154    0
+orange3              205   133    0
+orange4              139    90    0
+orangered            255    69    0
+orangered1           255    69    0
+orangered2           238    64    0
+orangered3           205    55    0
+orangered4           139    37    0
+orchid               218   112  214
+orchid1              255   131  250
+orchid2              238   122  233
+orchid3              205   105  201
+orchid4              139    71  137
+palegoldenrod        238   232  170
+palegreen            152   251  152
+palegreen1           154   255  154
+palegreen2           144   238  144
+palegreen3           124   205  124
+palegreen4            84   139   84
+paleturquoise        175   238  238
+paleturquoise1       187   255  255
+paleturquoise2       174   238  238
+paleturquoise3       150   205  205
+paleturquoise4       102   139  139
+palevioletred        219   112  147
+palevioletred1       255   130  171
+palevioletred2       238   121  159
+palevioletred3       205   104  137
+palevioletred4       139    71   93
+papayawhip           255   239  213
+peachpuff            255   218  185
+peachpuff1           255   218  185
+peachpuff2           238   203  173
+peachpuff3           205   175  149
+peachpuff4           139   119  101
+peru                 205   133   63
+pink                 255   192  203
+pink1                255   181  197
+pink2                238   169  184
+pink3                205   145  158
+pink4                139    99  108
+plum                 221   160  221
+plum1                255   187  255
+plum2                238   174  238
+plum3                205   150  205
+plum4                139   102  139
+powderblue           176   224  230
+purple               160    32  240
+purple1              155    48  255
+purple2              145    44  238
+purple3              125    38  205
+purple4               85    26  139
+red                  255     0    0
+red1                 255     0    0
+red2                 238     0    0
+red3                 205     0    0
+red4                 139     0    0
+rosybrown            188   143  143
+rosybrown1           255   193  193
+rosybrown2           238   180  180
+rosybrown3           205   155  155
+rosybrown4           139   105  105
+royalblue             65   105  225
+royalblue1            72   118  255
+royalblue2            67   110  238
+royalblue3            58    95  205
+royalblue4            39    64  139
+saddlebrown          139    69   19
+salmon               250   128  114
+salmon1              255   140  105
+salmon2              238   130   98
+salmon3              205   112   84
+salmon4              139    76   57
+sandybrown           244   164   96
+seagreen              46   139   87
+seagreen1             84   255  159
+seagreen2             78   238  148
+seagreen3             67   205  128
+seagreen4             46   139   87
+seashell             255   245  238
+seashell1            255   245  238
+seashell2            238   229  222
+seashell3            205   197  191
+seashell4            139   134  130
+sienna               160    82   45
+sienna1              255   130   71
+sienna2              238   121   66
+sienna3              205   104   57
+sienna4              139    71   38
+skyblue              135   206  235
+skyblue1             135   206  255
+skyblue2             126   192  238
+skyblue3             108   166  205
+skyblue4              74   112  139
+slateblue            106    90  205
+slateblue1           131   111  255
+slateblue2           122   103  238
+slateblue3           105    89  205
+slateblue4            71    60  139
+slategray            112   128  144
+slategray1           198   226  255
+slategray2           185   211  238
+slategray3           159   182  205
+slategray4           108   123  139
+slategrey            112   128  144
+snow                 255   250  250
+snow1                255   250  250
+snow2                238   233  233
+snow3                205   201  201
+snow4                139   137  137
+springgreen            0   255  127
+springgreen1           0   255  127
+springgreen2           0   238  118
+springgreen3           0   205  102
+springgreen4           0   139   69
+steelblue             70   130  180
+steelblue1            99   184  255
+steelblue2            92   172  238
+steelblue3            79   148  205
+steelblue4            54   100  139
+tan                  210   180  140
+tan1                 255   165   79
+tan2                 238   154   73
+tan3                 205   133   63
+tan4                 139    90   43
+thistle              216   191  216
+thistle1             255   225  255
+thistle2             238   210  238
+thistle3             205   181  205
+thistle4             139   123  139
+tomato               255    99   71
+tomato1              255    99   71
+tomato2              238    92   66
+tomato3              205    79   57
+tomato4              139    54   38
+turquoise             64   224  208
+turquoise1             0   245  255
+turquoise2             0   229  238
+turquoise3             0   197  205
+turquoise4             0   134  139
+violet               238   130  238
+violetred            208    32  144
+violetred1           255    62  150
+violetred2           238    58  140
+violetred3           205    50  120
+violetred4           139    34   82
+wheat                245   222  179
+wheat1               255   231  186
+wheat2               238   216  174
+wheat3               205   186  150
+wheat4               139   126  102
+whitesmoke           245   245  245
+yellow               255   255    0
+yellow1              255   255    0
+yellow2              238   238    0
+yellow3              205   205    0
+yellow4              139   139    0
+yellowgreen          154   205   50
+> 
+> ccodes <- c(256^(2:0) %*% crgb)  # = internal codes
+> ## How many names are 'aliases' of each other:
+> table(tcc <- table(ccodes))
+
+  1   2   3   4 
+352 146   3   1 
+> length(uc <- unique(sort(ccodes))) # 502
+[1] 502
+> ## All the multiply named colors:
+> mult <- uc[tcc >= 2]
+> cl <- lapply(mult, function(m) cc[ccodes == m])
+> names(cl) <- apply(col2rgb(sapply(cl, function(x)x[1])),
++                    2, function(n)paste(n, collapse = ","))
+> utils::str(cl)
+List of 150
+ $ 0,0,0      : chr [1:3] "black" "gray0" "grey0"
+ $ 0,0,128    : chr [1:2] "navy" "navyblue"
+ $ 0,0,139    : chr [1:2] "blue4" "darkblue"
+ $ 0,0,205    : chr [1:2] "blue3" "mediumblue"
+ $ 0,0,255    : chr [1:2] "blue" "blue1"
+ $ 0,139,139  : chr [1:2] "cyan4" "darkcyan"
+ $ 0,191,255  : chr [1:2] "deepskyblue" "deepskyblue1"
+ $ 0,255,0    : chr [1:2] "green" "green1"
+ $ 0,255,127  : chr [1:2] "springgreen" "springgreen1"
+ $ 0,255,255  : chr [1:2] "cyan" "cyan1"
+ $ 3,3,3      : chr [1:2] "gray1" "grey1"
+ $ 5,5,5      : chr [1:2] "gray2" "grey2"
+ $ 8,8,8      : chr [1:2] "gray3" "grey3"
+ $ 10,10,10   : chr [1:2] "gray4" "grey4"
+ $ 13,13,13   : chr [1:2] "gray5" "grey5"
+ $ 15,15,15   : chr [1:2] "gray6" "grey6"
+ $ 18,18,18   : chr [1:2] "gray7" "grey7"
+ $ 20,20,20   : chr [1:2] "gray8" "grey8"
+ $ 23,23,23   : chr [1:2] "gray9" "grey9"
+ $ 26,26,26   : chr [1:2] "gray10" "grey10"
+ $ 28,28,28   : chr [1:2] "gray11" "grey11"
+ $ 30,144,255 : chr [1:2] "dodgerblue" "dodgerblue1"
+ $ 31,31,31   : chr [1:2] "gray12" "grey12"
+ $ 33,33,33   : chr [1:2] "gray13" "grey13"
+ $ 36,36,36   : chr [1:2] "gray14" "grey14"
+ $ 38,38,38   : chr [1:2] "gray15" "grey15"
+ $ 41,41,41   : chr [1:2] "gray16" "grey16"
+ $ 43,43,43   : chr [1:2] "gray17" "grey17"
+ $ 46,46,46   : chr [1:2] "gray18" "grey18"
+ $ 46,139,87  : chr [1:2] "seagreen" "seagreen4"
+ $ 47,79,79   : chr [1:2] "darkslategray" "darkslategrey"
+ $ 48,48,48   : chr [1:2] "gray19" "grey19"
+ $ 51,51,51   : chr [1:2] "gray20" "grey20"
+ $ 54,54,54   : chr [1:2] "gray21" "grey21"
+ $ 56,56,56   : chr [1:2] "gray22" "grey22"
+ $ 59,59,59   : chr [1:2] "gray23" "grey23"
+ $ 61,61,61   : chr [1:2] "gray24" "grey24"
+ $ 64,64,64   : chr [1:2] "gray25" "grey25"
+ $ 66,66,66   : chr [1:2] "gray26" "grey26"
+ $ 69,69,69   : chr [1:2] "gray27" "grey27"
+ $ 71,71,71   : chr [1:2] "gray28" "grey28"
+ $ 74,74,74   : chr [1:2] "gray29" "grey29"
+ $ 77,77,77   : chr [1:2] "gray30" "grey30"
+ $ 79,79,79   : chr [1:2] "gray31" "grey31"
+ $ 82,82,82   : chr [1:2] "gray32" "grey32"
+ $ 84,84,84   : chr [1:2] "gray33" "grey33"
+ $ 87,87,87   : chr [1:2] "gray34" "grey34"
+ $ 89,89,89   : chr [1:2] "gray35" "grey35"
+ $ 92,92,92   : chr [1:2] "gray36" "grey36"
+ $ 94,94,94   : chr [1:2] "gray37" "grey37"
+ $ 97,97,97   : chr [1:2] "gray38" "grey38"
+ $ 99,99,99   : chr [1:2] "gray39" "grey39"
+ $ 102,102,102: chr [1:2] "gray40" "grey40"
+ $ 102,205,170: chr [1:2] "aquamarine3" "mediumaquamarine"
+ $ 105,105,105: chr [1:4] "dimgray" "dimgrey" "gray41" "grey41"
+ $ 107,107,107: chr [1:2] "gray42" "grey42"
+ $ 110,110,110: chr [1:2] "gray43" "grey43"
+ $ 112,112,112: chr [1:2] "gray44" "grey44"
+ $ 112,128,144: chr [1:2] "slategray" "slategrey"
+ $ 115,115,115: chr [1:2] "gray45" "grey45"
+ $ 117,117,117: chr [1:2] "gray46" "grey46"
+ $ 119,136,153: chr [1:2] "lightslategray" "lightslategrey"
+ $ 120,120,120: chr [1:2] "gray47" "grey47"
+ $ 122,122,122: chr [1:2] "gray48" "grey48"
+ $ 125,125,125: chr [1:2] "gray49" "grey49"
+ $ 127,127,127: chr [1:2] "gray50" "grey50"
+ $ 127,255,0  : chr [1:2] "chartreuse" "chartreuse1"
+ $ 127,255,212: chr [1:2] "aquamarine" "aquamarine1"
+ $ 130,130,130: chr [1:2] "gray51" "grey51"
+ $ 133,133,133: chr [1:2] "gray52" "grey52"
+ $ 135,135,135: chr [1:2] "gray53" "grey53"
+ $ 138,138,138: chr [1:2] "gray54" "grey54"
+ $ 139,0,0    : chr [1:2] "darkred" "red4"
+ $ 139,0,139  : chr [1:2] "darkmagenta" "magenta4"
+ $ 139,69,19  : chr [1:2] "chocolate4" "saddlebrown"
+ $ 140,140,140: chr [1:2] "gray55" "grey55"
+ $ 143,143,143: chr [1:2] "gray56" "grey56"
+ $ 144,238,144: chr [1:2] "lightgreen" "palegreen2"
+ $ 145,145,145: chr [1:2] "gray57" "grey57"
+ $ 148,148,148: chr [1:2] "gray58" "grey58"
+ $ 150,150,150: chr [1:2] "gray59" "grey59"
+ $ 153,153,153: chr [1:2] "gray60" "grey60"
+ $ 154,205,50 : chr [1:2] "olivedrab3" "yellowgreen"
+ $ 156,156,156: chr [1:2] "gray61" "grey61"
+ $ 158,158,158: chr [1:2] "gray62" "grey62"
+ $ 161,161,161: chr [1:2] "gray63" "grey63"
+ $ 163,163,163: chr [1:2] "gray64" "grey64"
+ $ 166,166,166: chr [1:2] "gray65" "grey65"
+ $ 168,168,168: chr [1:2] "gray66" "grey66"
+ $ 169,169,169: chr [1:2] "darkgray" "darkgrey"
+ $ 171,171,171: chr [1:2] "gray67" "grey67"
+ $ 173,173,173: chr [1:2] "gray68" "grey68"
+ $ 176,176,176: chr [1:2] "gray69" "grey69"
+ $ 179,179,179: chr [1:2] "gray70" "grey70"
+ $ 181,181,181: chr [1:2] "gray71" "grey71"
+ $ 184,184,184: chr [1:2] "gray72" "grey72"
+ $ 186,186,186: chr [1:2] "gray73" "grey73"
+ $ 189,189,189: chr [1:2] "gray74" "grey74"
+ $ 190,190,190: chr [1:2] "gray" "grey"
+  [list output truncated]
+> ## Not run: 
+> ##D  if(require(xgobi)) { ## Look at the color cube dynamically :
+> ##D    tc <- t(crgb[, !duplicated(ccodes)])
+> ##D    table(is.gray <- tc[,1] == tc[,2] & tc[,2] == tc[,3])  # (397, 105)
+> ##D    xgobi(tc, color = c("gold", "gray")[1 + is.gray])
+> ##D  }
+> ## End(Not run)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("colorRamp")
+> ### * colorRamp
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: colorRamp
+> ### Title: Color interpolation
+> ### Aliases: colorRamp colorRampPalette
+> ### Keywords: color
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> ## Both return a *function* :
+> colorRamp(c("red", "green"))( (0:4)/4 ) ## (x) , x in [0,1]
+       [,1]   [,2] [,3]
+[1,] 255.00   0.00    0
+[2,] 191.25  63.75    0
+[3,] 127.50 127.50    0
+[4,]  63.75 191.25    0
+[5,]   0.00 255.00    0
+> colorRampPalette(c("blue", "red"))( 4 ) ## (n)
+[1] "#0000FF" "#5500AA" "#AA0055" "#FF0000"
+> ## a ramp in opacity of blue values
+> colorRampPalette(c(rgb(0,0,1,1), rgb(0,0,1,0)), alpha = TRUE)(8)
+[1] "#0000FFFF" "#0000FFDA" "#0000FFB6" "#0000FF91" "#0000FF6D" "#0000FF48"
+[7] "#0000FF24" "#0000FF00"
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> 
+> ## Here space="rgb" gives palettes that vary only in saturation,
+> ## as intended.
+> ## With space="Lab" the steps are more uniform, but the hues
+> ## are slightly purple.
+> filled.contour(volcano,
++                color.palette =
++                    colorRampPalette(c("red", "white", "blue")),
++                asp = 1)
+> filled.contour(volcano,
++                color.palette =
++                    colorRampPalette(c("red", "white", "blue"),
++                                     space = "Lab"),
++                asp = 1)
+> 
+> ## Interpolating a 'sequential' ColorBrewer palette
+> YlOrBr <- c("#FFFFD4", "#FED98E", "#FE9929", "#D95F0E", "#993404")
+> filled.contour(volcano,
++                color.palette = colorRampPalette(YlOrBr, space = "Lab"),
++                asp = 1)
+> filled.contour(volcano,
++                color.palette = colorRampPalette(YlOrBr, space = "Lab",
++                                                 bias = 0.5),
++                asp = 1)
+> 
+> ## 'jet.colors' is "as in Matlab"
+> ## (and hurting the eyes by over-saturation)
+> jet.colors <-
++   colorRampPalette(c("#00007F", "blue", "#007FFF", "cyan",
++                      "#7FFF7F", "yellow", "#FF7F00", "red", "#7F0000"))
+> filled.contour(volcano, color.palette = jet.colors, asp = 1)
+> 
+> ## space="Lab" helps when colors don't form a natural sequence
+> m <- outer(1:20,1:20,function(x,y) sin(sqrt(x*y)/3))
+> rgb.palette <- colorRampPalette(c("red", "orange", "blue"),
++                                 space = "rgb")
+> Lab.palette <- colorRampPalette(c("red", "orange", "blue"),
++                                 space = "Lab")
+> filled.contour(m, col = rgb.palette(20))
+> filled.contour(m, col = Lab.palette(20))
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("colors")
+> ### * colors
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: colors
+> ### Title: Color Names
+> ### Aliases: colors colours
+> ### Keywords: color dplot sysdata
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> cl <- colors()
+> length(cl); cl[1:20]
+[1] 657
+ [1] "white"         "aliceblue"     "antiquewhite"  "antiquewhite1"
+ [5] "antiquewhite2" "antiquewhite3" "antiquewhite4" "aquamarine"   
+ [9] "aquamarine1"   "aquamarine2"   "aquamarine3"   "aquamarine4"  
+[13] "azure"         "azure1"        "azure2"        "azure3"       
+[17] "azure4"        "beige"         "bisque"        "bisque1"      
+> 
+> length(cl. <- colors(TRUE))
+[1] 502
+> ## only 502 of the 657 named ones
+> 
+> ## ----------- Show all named colors and more:
+> demo("colors")
+
+
+	demo(colors)
+	---- ~~~~~~
+
+> ### ----------- Show (almost) all named colors ---------------------
+> 
+> ## 1) with traditional 'graphics' package:
+> showCols1 <- function(bg = "gray", cex = 0.75, srt = 30) {
++     m <- ceiling(sqrt(n <- length(cl <- colors())))
++     length(cl) <- m*m; cm <- matrix(cl, m)
++     ##
++     require("graphics")
++     op <- par(mar=rep(0,4), ann=FALSE, bg = bg); on.exit(par(op))
++     plot(1:m,1:m, type="n", axes=FALSE)
++     text(col(cm), rev(row(cm)), cm,  col = cl, cex=cex, srt=srt)
++ }
+
+> showCols1()
+
+> ## 2) with 'grid' package:
+> showCols2 <- function(bg = "grey", cex = 0.75, rot = 30) {
++     m <- ceiling(sqrt(n <- length(cl <- colors())))
++     length(cl) <- m*m; cm <- matrix(cl, m)
++     ##
++     require("grid")
++     grid.newpage(); vp <- viewport(width = .92, height = .92)
++     grid.rect(gp=gpar(fill=bg))
++     grid.text(cm, x = col(cm)/m, y = rev(row(cm))/m, rot = rot,
++               vp=vp, gp=gpar(cex = cex, col = cm))
++ }
+
+> showCols2()
+Loading required package: grid
+
+> showCols2(bg = "gray33")
+
+> ###
+> 
+> ##' @title Comparing Colors
+> ##' @param col
+> ##' @param nrow
+> ##' @param ncol
+> ##' @param txt.col
+> ##' @return the grid layout, invisibly
+> ##' @author Marius Hofert, originally
+> plotCol <- function(col, nrow=1, ncol=ceiling(length(col) / nrow),
++                     txt.col="black") {
++     stopifnot(nrow >= 1, ncol >= 1)
++     if(length(col) > nrow*ncol)
++         warning("some colors will not be shown")
++     require(grid)
++     grid.newpage()
++     gl <- grid.layout(nrow, ncol)
++     pushViewport(viewport(layout=gl))
++     ic <- 1
++     for(i in 1:nrow) {
++         for(j in 1:ncol) {
++             pushViewport(viewport(layout.pos.row=i, layout.pos.col=j))
++             grid.rect(gp= gpar(fill=col[ic]))
++             grid.text(col[ic], gp=gpar(col=txt.col))
++             upViewport()
++             ic <- ic+1
++         }
++     }
++     upViewport()
++     invisible(gl)
++ }
+
+> ## A Chocolate Bar of colors:
+> plotCol(c("#CC8C3C", paste0("chocolate", 2:4),
++           paste0("darkorange", c("",1:2)), paste0("darkgoldenrod", 1:2),
++           "orange", "orange1", "sandybrown", "tan1", "tan2"),
++         nrow=2)
+
+> ##' Find close R colors() to a given color {original by Marius Hofert)
+> ##' using Euclidean norm in (HSV / RGB / ...) color space
+> nearRcolor <- function(rgb, cSpace = c("hsv", "rgb255", "Luv", "Lab"),
++                        dist = switch(cSpace, "hsv" = 0.10, "rgb255" = 30,
++                        "Luv" = 15, "Lab" = 12))
++ {
++     if(is.character(rgb)) rgb <- col2rgb(rgb)
++     stopifnot(length(rgb <- as.vector(rgb)) == 3)
++     Rcol <- col2rgb(.cc <- colors())
++     uniqC <- !duplicated(t(Rcol)) # gray9 == grey9 (etc)
++     Rcol <- Rcol[, uniqC] ; .cc <- .cc[uniqC]
++     cSpace <- match.arg(cSpace)
++     convRGB2 <- function(Rgb, to)
++         t(convertColor(t(Rgb), from="sRGB", to=to, scale.in=255))
++     ## the transformation,  rgb{0..255} --> cSpace :
++     TransF <- switch(cSpace,
++                      "rgb255" = identity,
++                      "hsv" = rgb2hsv,
++                      "Luv" = function(RGB) convRGB2(RGB, "Luv"),
++                      "Lab" = function(RGB) convRGB2(RGB, "Lab"))
++     d <- sqrt(colSums((TransF(Rcol) - as.vector(TransF(rgb)))^2))
++     iS <- sort.list(d[near <- d <= dist])# sorted: closest first
++     setNames(.cc[near][iS], format(zapsmall(d[near][iS]), digits=3))
++ }
+
+> nearRcolor(col2rgb("tan2"), "rgb")
+         0.0         21.1         25.8         29.5 
+      "tan2"       "tan1" "sandybrown"    "sienna1" 
+
+> nearRcolor(col2rgb("tan2"), "hsv")
+      0.0000       0.0410       0.0618       0.0638       0.0667       0.0766 
+      "tan2"    "sienna2"     "coral2"    "tomato2"       "tan1"      "coral" 
+      0.0778       0.0900       0.0912       0.0918 
+   "sienna1" "sandybrown"     "coral1"     "tomato" 
+
+> nearRcolor(col2rgb("tan2"), "Luv")
+        0.00         7.42         7.48        12.41        13.69 
+      "tan2"       "tan1" "sandybrown"    "orange3"    "orange2" 
+
+> nearRcolor(col2rgb("tan2"), "Lab")
+        0.00         5.56         8.08        11.31 
+      "tan2"       "tan1" "sandybrown"       "peru" 
+
+> nearRcolor("#334455")
+         0.0867 
+"darkslategray" 
+
+> ## Now, consider choosing a color by looking in the
+> ## neighborhood of one you know :
+> 
+> plotCol(nearRcolor("deepskyblue", "rgb", dist=50))
+
+> plotCol(nearRcolor("deepskyblue", dist=.1))
+
+> plotCol(nearRcolor("tomato", "rgb", dist= 50), nrow=3)
+
+> plotCol(nearRcolor("tomato", "hsv", dist=.12), nrow=3)
+
+> plotCol(nearRcolor("tomato", "Luv", dist= 25), nrow=3)
+
+> plotCol(nearRcolor("tomato", "Lab", dist= 18), nrow=3)
+> ## -----------
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+
+detaching ‘package:grid’
+
+> nameEx("contourLines")
+> ### * contourLines
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: contourLines
+> ### Title: Calculate Contour Lines
+> ### Aliases: contourLines
+> ### Keywords: dplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> x <- 10*1:nrow(volcano)
+> y <- 10*1:ncol(volcano)
+> cl <- contourLines(x, y, volcano)
+> ## summarize the sizes of each the contour lines :
+> cbind(lev = vapply(cl, `[[`, .5, "level"),
++        n  = vapply(cl, function(l) length(l$x), 1))
+      lev   n
+ [1,] 100  47
+ [2,] 100  16
+ [3,] 100  11
+ [4,] 110  45
+ [5,] 110  48
+ [6,] 110 126
+ [7,] 110  14
+ [8,] 120 270
+ [9,] 130 259
+[10,] 140 245
+[11,] 150 207
+[12,] 150  13
+[13,] 160 165
+[14,] 160  31
+[15,] 170 169
+[16,] 170   5
+[17,] 170  21
+[18,] 180 105
+[19,] 180  15
+[20,] 190  49
+> 
+> z <- outer(-9:25, -9:25)
+> pretty(range(z), 10) # -300 -200 ... 600 700
+ [1] -300 -200 -100    0  100  200  300  400  500  600  700
+> utils::str(c2 <- contourLines(z))
+List of 12
+ $ :List of 3
+  ..$ level: num -200
+  ..$ x    : num [1:4] 0 0.00895 0.01961 0.02844
+  ..$ y    : num [1:4] 0.918 0.941 0.971 1
+ $ :List of 3
+  ..$ level: num -200
+  ..$ x    : num [1:4] 0.918 0.941 0.971 1
+  ..$ y    : num [1:4] 0 0.00895 0.01961 0.02844
+ $ :List of 3
+  ..$ level: num -100
+  ..$ x    : num [1:19] 0 0.0196 0.0294 0.0385 0.0546 ...
+  ..$ y    : num [1:19] 0.592 0.618 0.632 0.647 0.676 ...
+ $ :List of 3
+  ..$ level: num -100
+  ..$ x    : num [1:19] 0.592 0.618 0.632 0.647 0.676 ...
+  ..$ y    : num [1:19] 0 0.0196 0.0294 0.0385 0.0546 ...
+ $ :List of 3
+  ..$ level: num 0
+  ..$ x    : num [1:34] 0 0.0294 0.0588 0.0882 0.1176 ...
+  ..$ y    : num [1:34] 0.267 0.268 0.268 0.268 0.269 ...
+ $ :List of 3
+  ..$ level: num 0
+  ..$ x    : num [1:34] 0.267 0.268 0.268 0.268 0.269 ...
+  ..$ y    : num [1:34] 0 0.0294 0.0588 0.0882 0.1176 ...
+ $ :List of 3
+  ..$ level: num 100
+  ..$ x    : num [1:44] 1 0.995 0.971 0.941 0.912 ...
+  ..$ y    : num [1:44] 0.381 0.382 0.387 0.393 0.398 ...
+ $ :List of 3
+  ..$ level: num 200
+  ..$ x    : num [1:36] 1 0.997 0.971 0.941 0.918 ...
+  ..$ y    : num [1:36] 0.499 0.5 0.51 0.52 0.529 ...
+ $ :List of 3
+  ..$ level: num 300
+  ..$ x    : num [1:28] 1 0.998 0.971 0.943 0.941 ...
+  ..$ y    : num [1:28] 0.617 0.618 0.632 0.647 0.648 ...
+ $ :List of 3
+  ..$ level: num 400
+  ..$ x    : num [1:20] 1 0.999 0.971 0.957 0.941 ...
+  ..$ y    : num [1:20] 0.734 0.735 0.755 0.765 0.776 ...
+ $ :List of 3
+  ..$ level: num 500
+  ..$ x    : num [1:12] 1 0.999 0.971 0.965 0.941 ...
+  ..$ y    : num [1:12] 0.852 0.853 0.877 0.882 0.904 ...
+ $ :List of 3
+  ..$ level: num 600
+  ..$ x    : num [1:4] 1 0.999 0.971 0.97
+  ..$ y    : num [1:4] 0.97 0.971 0.999 1
+>    # no segments for {-300, 700};
+>    #  2 segments for {-200, -100, 0}
+>    #  1 segment  for  100:600
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("convertColor")
+> ### * convertColor
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: convertColor
+> ### Title: Convert between Colour Spaces
+> ### Aliases: convertColor colorspaces
+> ### Keywords: color
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> ## The displayable colors from four planes of Lab space
+> ab <- expand.grid(a = (-10:15)*10,
++                   b = (-15:10)*10)
+> require(graphics); require(stats) # for na.omit
+> par(mfrow = c(2, 2), mar = .1+c(3, 3, 3, .5), mgp = c(2,  .8,  0))
+> 
+> Lab <- cbind(L = 20, ab)
+> srgb <- convertColor(Lab, from = "Lab", to = "sRGB", clip = NA)
+> clipped <- attr(na.omit(srgb), "na.action")
+> srgb[clipped, ] <- 0
+> cols <- rgb(srgb[, 1], srgb[, 2], srgb[, 3])
+> image((-10:15)*10, (-15:10)*10, matrix(1:(26*26), ncol = 26), col = cols,
++   xlab = "a", ylab = "b", main = "Lab: L=20")
+> 
+> Lab <- cbind(L = 40, ab)
+> srgb <- convertColor(Lab, from = "Lab", to = "sRGB", clip = NA)
+> clipped <- attr(na.omit(srgb), "na.action")
+> srgb[clipped, ] <- 0
+> cols <- rgb(srgb[, 1], srgb[, 2], srgb[, 3])
+> image((-10:15)*10, (-15:10)*10, matrix(1:(26*26), ncol = 26), col = cols,
++   xlab = "a", ylab = "b", main = "Lab: L=40")
+> 
+> Lab <- cbind(L = 60, ab)
+> srgb <- convertColor(Lab, from = "Lab", to = "sRGB", clip = NA)
+> clipped <- attr(na.omit(srgb), "na.action")
+> srgb[clipped, ] <- 0
+> cols <- rgb(srgb[, 1], srgb[, 2], srgb[, 3])
+> image((-10:15)*10, (-15:10)*10, matrix(1:(26*26), ncol = 26), col = cols,
++   xlab = "a", ylab = "b", main = "Lab: L=60")
+> 
+> Lab <- cbind(L = 80, ab)
+> srgb <- convertColor(Lab, from = "Lab", to = "sRGB", clip = NA)
+> clipped <- attr(na.omit(srgb), "na.action")
+> srgb[clipped, ] <- 0
+> cols <- rgb(srgb[, 1], srgb[, 2], srgb[, 3])
+> image((-10:15)*10, (-15:10)*10, matrix(1:(26*26), ncol = 26), col = cols,
++   xlab = "a", ylab = "b", main = "Lab: L=80")
+> 
+> cols <- t(col2rgb(palette())); rownames(cols) <- palette(); cols
+        red green blue
+black     0     0    0
+#DF536B 223    83  107
+#61D04F  97   208   79
+#2297E6  34   151  230
+#28E2E5  40   226  229
+#CD0BBC 205    11  188
+#F5C710 245   199   16
+gray62  158   158  158
+> zapsmall(lab <- convertColor(cols, from = "sRGB", to = "Lab", scale.in = 255))
+               L         a         b
+black    0.00000   0.00000   0.00000
+#DF536B 55.16051  56.30900  16.18063
+#61D04F 74.89688 -55.97739  53.00681
+#2297E6 59.98342  -3.54255 -48.62932
+#28E2E5 82.01645 -41.73498 -14.10432
+#CD0BBC 48.23048  79.84315 -42.53326
+#F5C710 82.05072   2.31748  81.63638
+gray62  65.11425   0.00000   0.00000
+> stopifnot(all.equal(cols, # converting back.. getting the original:
++    round(convertColor(lab, from = "Lab", to = "sRGB", scale.out = 255)),
++                     check.attributes = FALSE))
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("densCols")
+> ### * densCols
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: densCols
+> ### Title: Colors for Smooth Density Plots
+> ### Aliases: densCols blues9
+> ### Keywords: dplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("dev")
+> ### * dev
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: dev
+> ### Title: Control Multiple Devices
+> ### Aliases: dev.cur dev.list dev.next dev.prev dev.off dev.set dev.new
+> ###   graphics.off
+> ### Keywords: device iplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> ## Not run: 
+> ##D ## Unix-specific example
+> ##D x11()
+> ##D plot(1:10)
+> ##D x11()
+> ##D plot(rnorm(10))
+> ##D dev.set(dev.prev())
+> ##D abline(0, 1) # through the 1:10 points
+> ##D dev.set(dev.next())
+> ##D abline(h = 0, col = "gray") # for the residual plot
+> ##D dev.set(dev.prev())
+> ##D dev.off(); dev.off() #- close the two X devices
+> ## End(Not run)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("dev.capabilities")
+> ### * dev.capabilities
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: dev.capabilities
+> ### Title: Query Capabilities of the Current Graphics Device
+> ### Aliases: dev.capabilities
+> ### Keywords: dplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> dev.capabilities()
+$semiTransparency
+[1] TRUE
+
+$transparentBackground
+[1] "semi"
+
+$rasterImage
+[1] "yes"
+
+$capture
+[1] FALSE
+
+$locator
+[1] FALSE
+
+$events
+character(0)
+
+$patterns
+[1] "LinearGradient" "RadialGradient" "TilingPattern" 
+
+$clippingPaths
+[1] TRUE
+
+$masks
+[1] "alpha"     "luminance"
+
+$compositing
+ [1] "multiply"    "screen"      "overlay"     "darken"      "lighten"    
+ [6] "color.dodge" "color.burn"  "hard.light"  "soft.light"  "difference" 
+[11] "exclusion"  
+
+$transformations
+[1] TRUE
+
+$paths
+[1] TRUE
+
+$glyphs
+[1] TRUE
+
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("dev.interactive")
+> ### * dev.interactive
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: dev.interactive
+> ### Title: Is the Current Graphics Device Interactive?
+> ### Aliases: dev.interactive deviceIsInteractive
+> ### Keywords: device
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> dev.interactive()
+[1] FALSE
+> print(deviceIsInteractive(NULL))
+[1] "X11"      "X11cairo" "quartz"   "windows"  "JavaGD"   "CairoWin" "CairoX11"
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("dev.size")
+> ### * dev.size
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: dev.size
+> ### Title: Find Size of Device Surface
+> ### Aliases: dev.size
+> ### Keywords: dplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> dev.size("cm")
+[1] 17.78 17.78
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("dev2")
+> ### * dev2
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: dev2
+> ### Title: Copy Graphics Between Multiple Devices
+> ### Aliases: dev.copy dev.print dev.copy2eps dev.copy2pdf dev.control
+> ### Keywords: device
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> ## Not run: 
+> ##D x11() # on a Unix-alike
+> ##D plot(rnorm(10), main = "Plot 1")
+> ##D dev.copy(device = x11)
+> ##D mtext("Copy 1", 3)
+> ##D dev.print(width = 6, height = 6, horizontal = FALSE) # prints it
+> ##D dev.off(dev.prev())
+> ##D dev.off()
+> ## End(Not run)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("extendrange")
+> ### * extendrange
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: extendrange
+> ### Title: Extend a Numerical Range by a Small Percentage
+> ### Aliases: extendrange
+> ### Keywords: dplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> x <- 1:5
+> (r <- range(x))         # 1    5
+[1] 1 5
+> extendrange(x)          # 0.8  5.2
+[1] 0.8 5.2
+> extendrange(x, f= 0.01) # 0.96 5.04
+[1] 0.96 5.04
+> 
+> ## extend more to the right:
+> extendrange(x, f=c(.01,.03)) # 0.96 5.12
+[1] 0.96 5.12
+> 
+> ## Use 'r' if you have it already:
+> stopifnot(identical(extendrange(r = r),
++                     extendrange(x)))
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("getGraphicsEvent")
+> ### * getGraphicsEvent
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: getGraphicsEvent
+> ### Title: Wait for a mouse or keyboard event from a graphics window
+> ### Aliases: getGraphicsEvent setGraphicsEventHandlers getGraphicsEventEnv
+> ###   setGraphicsEventEnv
+> ### Keywords: iplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> # This currently only works on the Windows, X11(type = "Xlib"), and
+> # X11(type = "cairo") screen devices...
+> ## Not run: 
+> ##D savepar <- par(ask = FALSE)
+> ##D dragplot <- function(..., xlim = NULL, ylim = NULL, xaxs = "r", yaxs = "r") {
+> ##D     plot(..., xlim = xlim, ylim = ylim, xaxs = xaxs, yaxs = yaxs)
+> ##D     startx <- NULL
+> ##D     starty <- NULL
+> ##D     prevx <- NULL
+> ##D     prevy <- NULL
+> ##D     usr <- NULL
+> ##D 
+> ##D     devset <- function()
+> ##D         if (dev.cur() != eventEnv$which) dev.set(eventEnv$which)
+> ##D 
+> ##D     dragmousedown <- function(buttons, x, y) {
+> ##D         startx <<- x
+> ##D         starty <<- y
+> ##D         prevx <<- 0
+> ##D         prevy <<- 0
+> ##D         devset()
+> ##D         usr <<- par("usr")
+> ##D         eventEnv$onMouseMove <- dragmousemove
+> ##D         NULL
+> ##D     }
+> ##D 
+> ##D     dragmousemove <- function(buttons, x, y) {
+> ##D         devset()
+> ##D         deltax <- diff(grconvertX(c(startx, x), "ndc", "user"))
+> ##D         deltay <- diff(grconvertY(c(starty, y), "ndc", "user"))
+> ##D 	if (abs(deltax-prevx) + abs(deltay-prevy) > 0) {
+> ##D 	    plot(..., xlim = usr[1:2]-deltax, xaxs = "i",
+> ##D 		      ylim = usr[3:4]-deltay, yaxs = "i")
+> ##D 	    prevx <<- deltax
+> ##D 	    prevy <<- deltay
+> ##D 	}
+> ##D         NULL
+> ##D     }
+> ##D 
+> ##D     mouseup <- function(buttons, x, y) {
+> ##D     	eventEnv$onMouseMove <- NULL
+> ##D     }	
+> ##D 
+> ##D     keydown <- function(key) {
+> ##D         if (key == "q") return(invisible(1))
+> ##D         eventEnv$onMouseMove <- NULL
+> ##D         NULL
+> ##D     }
+> ##D 
+> ##D     setGraphicsEventHandlers(prompt = "Click and drag, hit q to quit",
+> ##D                      onMouseDown = dragmousedown,
+> ##D                      onMouseUp = mouseup,
+> ##D                      onKeybd = keydown)
+> ##D     eventEnv <- getGraphicsEventEnv()
+> ##D }
+> ##D 
+> ##D dragplot(rnorm(1000), rnorm(1000))
+> ##D getGraphicsEvent()
+> ##D par(savepar)
+> ## End(Not run)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("grSoftVersion")
+> ### * grSoftVersion
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: grSoftVersion
+> ### Title: Report Versions of Graphics Software
+> ### Aliases: grSoftVersion
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("gray")
+> ### * gray
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: gray
+> ### Title: Gray Level Specification
+> ### Aliases: gray grey
+> ### Keywords: color
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> gray(0:8 / 8)
+[1] "#000000" "#202020" "#404040" "#606060" "#808080" "#9F9F9F" "#BFBFBF"
+[8] "#DFDFDF" "#FFFFFF"
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("gray.colors")
+> ### * gray.colors
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: gray.colors
+> ### Title: Gray Color Palette
+> ### Aliases: gray.colors grey.colors
+> ### Keywords: color
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> 
+> pie(rep(1, 12), col = gray.colors(12))
+> barplot(1:12, col = gray.colors(12))
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("hcl")
+> ### * hcl
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: hcl
+> ### Title: HCL Color Specification
+> ### Aliases: hcl
+> ### Keywords: color dplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> 
+> # The Foley and Van Dam PhD Data.
+> csd <- matrix(c( 4,2,4,6, 4,3,1,4, 4,7,7,1,
++                  0,7,3,2, 4,5,3,2, 5,4,2,2,
++                  3,1,3,0, 4,4,6,7, 1,10,8,7,
++                  1,5,3,2, 1,5,2,1, 4,1,4,3,
++                  0,3,0,6, 2,1,5,5), nrow = 4)
+> 
+> csphd <- function(colors)
++   barplot(csd, col = colors, ylim = c(0,30),
++           names.arg = 72:85, xlab = "Year", ylab = "Students",
++           legend.text = c("Winter", "Spring", "Summer", "Fall"),
++           main = "Computer Science PhD Graduates", las = 1)
+> 
+> # The Original (Metaphorical) Colors (Ouch!)
+> csphd(c("blue", "green", "yellow", "orange"))
+> 
+> # A Color Tetrad (Maximal Color Differences)
+> csphd(hcl(h = c(30, 120, 210, 300)))
+> 
+> # Same, but lighter and less colorful
+> # Turn off automatic correction to make sure
+> # that we have defined real colors.
+> csphd(hcl(h = c(30, 120, 210, 300),
++           c = 20, l = 90, fixup = FALSE))
+> 
+> # Analogous Colors
+> # Good for those with red/green color confusion
+> csphd(hcl(h = seq(60, 240, by = 60)))
+> 
+> # Metaphorical Colors
+> csphd(hcl(h = seq(210, 60, length.out = 4)))
+> 
+> # Cool Colors
+> csphd(hcl(h = seq(120, 0, length.out = 4) + 150))
+> 
+> # Warm Colors
+> csphd(hcl(h = seq(120, 0, length.out = 4) - 30))
+> 
+> # Single Color
+> hist(stats::rnorm(1000), col = hcl(240))
+> 
+> ## Exploring the hcl() color space {in its mapping to R's sRGB colors}:
+> demo(hclColors)
+
+
+	demo(hclColors)
+	---- ~~~~~~~~~
+
+> ### ------ hcl() explorations
+> 
+> hcl.wheel <-
++     function(chroma = 35, lums = 0:100, hues = 1:360, asp = 1,
++              p.cex = 0.6, do.label = FALSE, rev.lum = FALSE,
++              fixup = TRUE)
++ {
++     ## Purpose: show chroma "sections" of hcl() color space; see  ?hcl
++     ## ----------------------------------------------------------------------
++     ## Arguments: chroma: can be vector -> multiple plots are done,
++     ##            lums, hues, fixup : all corresponding to hcl()'s args
++     ##            rev.lum: logical indicating if luminance
++     ## 			should go from outer to inner
++     ## ----------------------------------------------------------------------
++     ## Author: Martin Maechler, Date: 24 Jun 2005
++ 
++     require("graphics")
++     stopifnot(is.numeric(lums), lums >= 0, lums <= 100,
++               is.numeric(hues), hues >= 0, hues <= 360,
++               is.numeric(chroma), chroma >= 0, (nch <- length(chroma)) >= 1)
++     if(is.unsorted(hues)) hues <- sort(hues)
++     if(nch > 1) {
++         op <- par(mfrow= n2mfrow(nch), mar = c(0,0,0,0), xpd = TRUE)
++         on.exit(par(op))
++     }
++     for(i.c in 1:nch) {
++         plot(-1:1,-1:1, type="n", axes = FALSE, xlab="",ylab="", asp = asp)
++         ## main = sprintf("hcl(h = <angle>, c = %g)", chroma[i.c]),
++         text(0.4, 0.99, paste("chroma =", format(chroma[i.c])),
++              adj = 0, font = 4)
++         l.s <- (if(rev.lum) rev(lums) else lums) / max(lums) # <= 1
++         for(ang in hues) { # could do all this using outer() instead of for()...
++             a. <- ang * pi/180
++             z.a <- exp(1i * a.)
++             cols <- hcl(ang, c = chroma[i.c], l = lums, fixup = fixup)
++             points(l.s * z.a, pch = 16, col = cols, cex = p.cex)
++             ##if(do."text") : draw the 0,45,90,... angle "lines"
++             if(do.label)
++                 text(z.a*1.05, labels = ang, col = cols[length(cols)/2],
++                      srt = ang)
++         }
++         if(!fixup) ## show the outline
++             lines(exp(1i * hues * pi/180))
++    }
++    invisible()
++ }
+
+> ## and now a few interesting calls :
+> 
+> hcl.wheel() # and watch it redraw when you fiddle with the graphic window
+
+> hcl.wheel(rev.lum= TRUE) # ditto
+
+> hcl.wheel(do.label = TRUE) # ditto
+
+> ## Now watch:
+> hcl.wheel(chroma = c(25,35,45,55))
+
+> hcl.wheel(chroma = seq(10, 90, by = 10), p.cex = 0.4)
+
+> hcl.wheel(chroma = seq(10, 90, by = 10), p.cex = 0.3, fixup = FALSE)
+
+> hcl.wheel(chroma = seq(10, 90, by = 10), p.cex = 0.3, rev.lum = TRUE)
+
+> if(dev.interactive()) # new "graphics window" -- to compare with previous :
++     dev.new()
+
+> hcl.wheel(chroma = seq(10, 90, by = 10), p.cex = 0.3, rev.lum = TRUE, fixup=FALSE)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("hsv")
+> ### * hsv
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: hsv
+> ### Title: HSV Color Specification
+> ### Aliases: hsv
+> ### Keywords: color dplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> 
+> hsv(.5,.5,.5)
+[1] "#408080"
+> 
+> ## Red tones:
+> n <- 20;  y <- -sin(3*pi*((1:n)-1/2)/n)
+> op <- par(mar = rep(1.5, 4))
+> plot(y, axes = FALSE, frame.plot = TRUE,
++      xlab = "", ylab = "", pch = 21, cex = 30,
++      bg = rainbow(n, start = .85, end = .1),
++      main = "Red tones")
+> par(op)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("make.rgb")
+> ### * make.rgb
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: make.rgb
+> ### Title: Create colour spaces
+> ### Aliases: make.rgb colorConverter
+> ### Keywords: color
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> (pal <- make.rgb(red =   c(0.6400, 0.3300),
++                  green = c(0.2900, 0.6000),
++                  blue =  c(0.1500, 0.0600),
++                  name = "PAL/SECAM RGB"))
+Color space converter: PAL/SECAM RGB
+Reference white: D65
+display gamma = 2.2
+> 
+> ## converter for sRGB in #rrggbb format
+> hexcolor <- colorConverter(toXYZ = function(hex, ...) {
++                             rgb <- t(col2rgb(hex))/255
++                             colorspaces$sRGB$toXYZ(rgb, ...) },
++                            fromXYZ = function(xyz, ...) {
++                               rgb <- colorspaces$sRGB$fromXYZ(xyz, ...)
++                               rgb <- round(rgb, 5)
++                               if (min(rgb) < 0 || max(rgb) > 1)
++                                    as.character(NA)
++                               else rgb(rgb[1], rgb[2], rgb[3])},
++                            white = "D65", name = "#rrggbb")
+> 
+> (cols <- t(col2rgb(palette())))
+     red green blue
+[1,]   0     0    0
+[2,] 223    83  107
+[3,]  97   208   79
+[4,]  34   151  230
+[5,]  40   226  229
+[6,] 205    11  188
+[7,] 245   199   16
+[8,] 158   158  158
+> zapsmall(luv <- convertColor(cols, from = "sRGB", to = "Luv", scale.in = 255))
+            L         u         v
+[1,]  0.00000   0.00000   0.00000
+[2,] 55.16051  99.94871   8.95299
+[3,] 74.89688 -51.95694  73.49647
+[4,] 59.98342 -36.43653 -76.74275
+[5,] 82.01645 -61.64283 -15.85619
+[6,] 48.23048  74.70628 -73.95136
+[7,] 82.05072  40.07525  84.92489
+[8,] 65.11425   0.00000   0.00000
+> (hex <- convertColor(luv, from = "Luv",  to = hexcolor, scale.out = NULL))
+     [,1]     
+[1,] "#000000"
+[2,] "#DF536B"
+[3,] "#61D04F"
+[4,] "#2297E6"
+[5,] "#28E2E5"
+[6,] "#CD0BBC"
+[7,] "#F5C710"
+[8,] "#9E9E9E"
+> 
+> ## must make hex a matrix before using it
+> (cc <- round(convertColor(as.matrix(hex), from = hexcolor, to = "sRGB",
++                           scale.in = NULL, scale.out = 255)))
+     [,1] [,2] [,3]
+[1,]    0    0    0
+[2,]  223   83  107
+[3,]   97  208   79
+[4,]   34  151  230
+[5,]   40  226  229
+[6,]  205   11  188
+[7,]  245  199   16
+[8,]  158  158  158
+> stopifnot(cc == cols)
+> 
+> ## Internally vectorized version of hexcolor, notice the use
+> ## of `vectorized = TRUE`:
+> 
+> hexcolorv <- colorConverter(toXYZ = function(hex, ...) {
++                             rgb <- t(col2rgb(hex))/255
++                             colorspaces$sRGB$toXYZ(rgb, ...) },
++                            fromXYZ = function(xyz, ...) {
++                               rgb <- colorspaces$sRGB$fromXYZ(xyz, ...)
++                               rgb <- round(rgb, 5)
++                               oob <- pmin(rgb[,1],rgb[,2],rgb[,3]) < 0 |
++                                      pmax(rgb[,1],rgb[,2],rgb[,3]) > 0
++                               res <- rep(NA_character_, nrow(rgb))
++                               res[!oob] <- rgb(rgb[!oob,,drop=FALSE])},
++                            white = "D65", name = "#rrggbb",
++                            vectorized=TRUE)
+> (ccv <- round(convertColor(as.matrix(hex), from = hexcolor, to = "sRGB",
++                            scale.in = NULL, scale.out = 255)))
+     [,1] [,2] [,3]
+[1,]    0    0    0
+[2,]  223   83  107
+[3,]   97  208   79
+[4,]   34  151  230
+[5,]   40  226  229
+[6,]  205   11  188
+[7,]  245  199   16
+[8,]  158  158  158
+> stopifnot(ccv == cols)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("n2mfrow")
+> ### * n2mfrow
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: n2mfrow
+> ### Title: Compute Default 'mfrow' From Number of Plots
+> ### Aliases: n2mfrow
+> ### Keywords: dplot utilities
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> 
+> n2mfrow(8) # 3 x 3
+[1] 3 3
+> 
+> n <- 5 ; x <- seq(-2, 2, length.out = 51)
+> ## suppose now that 'n' is not known {inside function}
+> op <- par(mfrow = n2mfrow(n))
+> for (j in 1:n)
++    plot(x, x^j, main = substitute(x^ exp, list(exp = j)), type = "l",
++    col = "blue")
+> 
+> sapply(1:14, n2mfrow)
+     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12] [,13] [,14]
+[1,]    1    2    3    2    3    3    3    3    3     4     4     4     4     4
+[2,]    1    1    1    2    2    2    3    3    3     3     3     3     4     4
+> sapply(1:14, n2mfrow, asp=16/9)
+     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12] [,13] [,14]
+[1,]    1    2    2    2    2    2    2    3    3     3     3     3     3     3
+[2,]    1    1    2    2    3    3    4    3    3     4     4     4     5     5
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("nclass")
+> ### * nclass
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: nclass
+> ### Title: Compute the Number of Classes for a Histogram
+> ### Aliases: nclass.Sturges nclass.scott nclass.FD
+> ### Keywords: univar
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> set.seed(1)
+> x <- stats::rnorm(1111)
+> nclass.Sturges(x)
+[1] 12
+> 
+> ## Compare them:
+> NC <- function(x) c(Sturges = nclass.Sturges(x),
++       Scott = nclass.scott(x), FD = nclass.FD(x))
+> NC(x)
+Sturges   Scott      FD 
+     12      20      26 
+> onePt <- rep(1, 11)
+> NC(onePt) # no longer gives NaN
+Sturges   Scott      FD 
+      5       1       1 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("palette")
+> ### * palette
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: palette
+> ### Title: Set or View the Graphics Palette
+> ### Aliases: palette palette.pals palette.colors
+> ### Keywords: color sysdata
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> 
+> palette()               # obtain the current palette
+[1] "black"   "#DF536B" "#61D04F" "#2297E6" "#28E2E5" "#CD0BBC" "#F5C710"
+[8] "gray62" 
+> palette("R3");palette() # old default palette
+[1] "black"   "red"     "green3"  "blue"    "cyan"    "magenta" "yellow" 
+[8] "gray"   
+> palette("ggplot2")      # ggplot2-style palette
+> palette()
+[1] "black"   "#F8766D" "#00BA38" "#619CFF" "#00BFC4" "#F564E3" "#B79F00"
+[8] "gray62" 
+> 
+> palette(hcl.colors(8, "viridis"))
+> 
+> (palette(gray(seq(0,.9,length.out = 25)))) # gray scales; print old palette
+[1] "#4B0055" "#3C3777" "#006290" "#008A98" "#00AC8E" "#25C771" "#A6DA42"
+[8] "#FDE333"
+> matplot(outer(1:100, 1:30), type = "l", lty = 1,lwd = 2, col = 1:30,
++         main = "Gray Scales Palette",
++         sub = "palette(gray(seq(0, .9, len=25)))")
+> palette("default")      # reset back to the default
+> 
+> ## on a device where alpha transparency is supported,
+> ##  use 'alpha = 0.3' transparency with the default palette :
+> mycols <- adjustcolor(palette(), alpha.f = 0.3)
+> opal <- palette(mycols)
+> x <- rnorm(1000); xy <- cbind(x, 3*x + rnorm(1000))
+> plot (xy, lwd = 2,
++        main = "Alpha-Transparency Palette\n alpha = 0.3")
+> xy[,1] <- -xy[,1]
+> points(xy, col = 8, pch = 16, cex = 1.5)
+> palette("default")
+> 
+> ## List available built-in palettes
+> palette.pals()
+ [1] "R3"              "R4"              "ggplot2"         "Okabe-Ito"      
+ [5] "Accent"          "Dark 2"          "Paired"          "Pastel 1"       
+ [9] "Pastel 2"        "Set 1"           "Set 2"           "Set 3"          
+[13] "Tableau 10"      "Classic Tableau" "Polychrome 36"   "Alphabet"       
+> 
+> ## Demonstrate the colors 1:8 in different palettes using a custom matplot()
+> sinplot <- function(main=NULL) {
++     x <- outer(
++ 	seq(-pi, pi, length.out = 50),
++ 	seq(0, pi, length.out = 8),
++ 	function(x, y) sin(x - y)
++     )
++     matplot(x, type = "l", lwd = 4, lty = 1, col = 1:8, ylab = "", main=main)
++ }
+> sinplot("default palette")
+> 
+> palette("R3");        sinplot("R3")
+> palette("Okabe-Ito"); sinplot("Okabe-Ito")
+> palette("Tableau")  ; sinplot("Tableau")
+> palette("default") # reset
+> 
+> ## color swatches for palette.colors()
+> palette.swatch <- function(palette = palette.pals(), n = 8, nrow = 8,
++                            border = "black", cex = 1, ...)
++ {
++      cols <- sapply(palette, palette.colors, n = n, recycle = TRUE)
++      ncol <- ncol(cols)
++      nswatch <- min(ncol, nrow)
++      op <- par(mar = rep(0.1, 4),
++                mfrow = c(1, min(5, ceiling(ncol/nrow))),
++      	       cex = cex, ...)
++      on.exit(par(op))
++      while (length(palette)) {
++  	subset <- seq_len(min(nrow, ncol(cols)))
++  	plot.new()
++  	plot.window(c(0, n), c(0.25, nrow + 0.25))
++  	y <- rev(subset)
++  	text(0, y + 0.1, palette[subset], adj = c(0, 0))
++  	y <- rep(y, each = n)
++  	rect(rep(0:(n-1), n), y, rep(1:n, n), y - 0.5,
++  	     col = cols[, subset], border = border)
++  	palette <- palette[-subset]
++  	cols    <- cols [, -subset, drop = FALSE]
++      }
++ }
+> 
+> palette.swatch()
+> 
+> palette.swatch(n = 26) # show full "Alphabet"; recycle most others
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("palettes")
+> ### * palettes
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: Palettes
+> ### Title: Color Palettes
+> ### Aliases: rainbow heat.colors terrain.colors topo.colors cm.colors
+> ###   hcl.colors hcl.pals
+> ### Keywords: color dplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require("graphics")
+> 
+> # color wheels in RGB/HSV and HCL space
+> par(mfrow = c(2, 2))
+> pie(rep(1, 12), col = rainbow(12), main = "RGB/HSV")
+> pie(rep(1, 12), col = hcl.colors(12, "Set 2"), main = "HCL")
+> par(mfrow = c(1, 1))
+> 
+> ## color swatches for RGB/HSV palettes
+> demo.pal <-
++   function(n, border = if (n < 32) "light gray" else NA,
++            main = paste("color palettes;  n=", n),
++            ch.col = c("rainbow(n, start=.7, end=.1)", "heat.colors(n)",
++                       "terrain.colors(n)", "topo.colors(n)",
++                       "cm.colors(n)"))
++ {
++     nt <- length(ch.col)
++     i <- 1:n; j <- n / nt; d <- j/6; dy <- 2*d
++     plot(i, i+d, type = "n", yaxt = "n", ylab = "", main = main)
++     for (k in 1:nt) {
++         rect(i-.5, (k-1)*j+ dy, i+.4, k*j,
++              col = eval(str2lang(ch.col[k])), border = border)
++         text(2*j,  k * j + dy/4, ch.col[k])
++     }
++ }
+> demo.pal(16)
+> 
+> ## color swatches for HCL palettes
+> hcl.swatch <- function(type = NULL, n = 5, nrow = 11,
++   border = if (n < 15) "black" else NA) {
++     palette <- hcl.pals(type)
++     cols <- sapply(palette, hcl.colors, n = n)
++     ncol <- ncol(cols)
++     nswatch <- min(ncol, nrow)
++ 
++     par(mar = rep(0.1, 4),
++         mfrow = c(1, min(5, ceiling(ncol/nrow))),
++         pin = c(1, 0.5 * nswatch),
++         cex = 0.7)
++ 
++     while (length(palette)) {
++         subset <- 1:min(nrow, ncol(cols))
++         plot.new()
++         plot.window(c(0, n), c(0, nrow + 1))
++         text(0, rev(subset) + 0.1, palette[subset], adj = c(0, 0))
++         y <- rep(subset, each = n)
++         rect(rep(0:(n-1), n), rev(y), rep(1:n, n), rev(y) - 0.5,
++              col = cols[, subset], border = border)
++         palette <- palette[-subset]
++         cols <- cols[, -subset, drop = FALSE]
++     }
++ 
++     par(mfrow = c(1, 1), mar = c(5.1, 4.1, 4.1, 2.1), cex = 1)
++ }
+> hcl.swatch()
+> hcl.swatch("qualitative")
+> hcl.swatch("sequential")
+> hcl.swatch("diverging")
+> hcl.swatch("divergingx")
+> 
+> ## heat maps with sequential HCL palette (purple)
+> image(volcano, col = hcl.colors(11, "purples", rev = TRUE))
+> filled.contour(volcano, nlevels = 10,
++                color.palette = function(n, ...)
++                    hcl.colors(n, "purples", rev = TRUE, ...))
+> 
+> ## list available HCL color palettes
+> hcl.pals("qualitative")
+[1] "Pastel 1" "Dark 2"   "Dark 3"   "Set 2"    "Set 3"    "Warm"     "Cold"    
+[8] "Harmonic" "Dynamic" 
+> hcl.pals("sequential")
+ [1] "Grays"         "Light Grays"   "Blues 2"       "Blues 3"      
+ [5] "Purples 2"     "Purples 3"     "Reds 2"        "Reds 3"       
+ [9] "Greens 2"      "Greens 3"      "Oslo"          "Purple-Blue"  
+[13] "Red-Purple"    "Red-Blue"      "Purple-Orange" "Purple-Yellow"
+[17] "Blue-Yellow"   "Green-Yellow"  "Red-Yellow"    "Heat"         
+[21] "Heat 2"        "Terrain"       "Terrain 2"     "Viridis"      
+[25] "Plasma"        "Inferno"       "Rocket"        "Mako"         
+[29] "Dark Mint"     "Mint"          "BluGrn"        "Teal"         
+[33] "TealGrn"       "Emrld"         "BluYl"         "ag_GrnYl"     
+[37] "Peach"         "PinkYl"        "Burg"          "BurgYl"       
+[41] "RedOr"         "OrYel"         "Purp"          "PurpOr"       
+[45] "Sunset"        "Magenta"       "SunsetDark"    "ag_Sunset"    
+[49] "BrwnYl"        "YlOrRd"        "YlOrBr"        "OrRd"         
+[53] "Oranges"       "YlGn"          "YlGnBu"        "Reds"         
+[57] "RdPu"          "PuRd"          "Purples"       "PuBuGn"       
+[61] "PuBu"          "Greens"        "BuGn"          "GnBu"         
+[65] "BuPu"          "Blues"         "Lajolla"       "Turku"        
+[69] "Hawaii"        "Batlow"       
+> hcl.pals("diverging")
+ [1] "Blue-Red"      "Blue-Red 2"    "Blue-Red 3"    "Red-Green"    
+ [5] "Purple-Green"  "Purple-Brown"  "Green-Brown"   "Blue-Yellow 2"
+ [9] "Blue-Yellow 3" "Green-Orange"  "Cyan-Magenta"  "Tropic"       
+[13] "Broc"          "Cork"          "Vik"           "Berlin"       
+[17] "Lisbon"        "Tofino"       
+> hcl.pals("divergingx")
+ [1] "ArmyRose" "Earth"    "Fall"     "Geyser"   "TealRose" "Temps"   
+ [7] "PuOr"     "RdBu"     "RdGy"     "PiYG"     "PRGn"     "BrBG"    
+[13] "RdYlBu"   "RdYlGn"   "Spectral" "Zissou 1" "Cividis"  "Roma"    
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("pdf")
+> ### * pdf
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: pdf
+> ### Title: PDF Graphics Device
+> ### Aliases: pdf
+> ### Keywords: device
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("pdf.options")
+> ### * pdf.options
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: pdf.options
+> ### Title: Auxiliary Function to Set/View Defaults for Arguments of pdf
+> ### Aliases: pdf.options
+> ### Keywords: device
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> pdf.options(bg = "pink")
+> utils::str(pdf.options())
+List of 18
+ $ width      : num 7
+ $ height     : num 7
+ $ onefile    : logi TRUE
+ $ family     : chr "Helvetica"
+ $ title      : chr "R Graphics Output"
+ $ fonts      : NULL
+ $ version    : chr "1.4"
+ $ paper      : chr "special"
+ $ encoding   : chr "default"
+ $ bg         : chr "pink"
+ $ fg         : chr "black"
+ $ pointsize  : num 12
+ $ pagecentre : logi TRUE
+ $ colormodel : chr "srgb"
+ $ useDingbats: logi FALSE
+ $ useKerning : logi TRUE
+ $ fillOddEven: logi FALSE
+ $ compress   : logi TRUE
+> pdf.options(reset = TRUE) # back to factory-fresh
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("pictex")
+> ### * pictex
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: pictex
+> ### Title: A PicTeX Graphics Driver
+> ### Aliases: pictex
+> ### Keywords: device
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> ## Don't show: 
+> oldwd <- setwd(tempdir())
+> ## End(Don't show)
+> 
+> pictex()
+> plot(1:11, (-5:5)^2, type = "b", main = "Simple Example Plot")
+> dev.off()
+pdf 
+  2 
+> ##--------------------
+> ## Not run: 
+> ##D %% LaTeX Example
+> ##D \documentclass{article}
+> ##D \usepackage{pictex}
+> ##D \usepackage{graphics} % for \rotatebox
+> ##D \begin{document}
+> ##D %...
+> ##D \begin{figure}[h]
+> ##D   \centerline{\input{Rplots.tex}}
+> ##D   \caption{}
+> ##D \end{figure}
+> ##D %...
+> ##D \end{document}
+> ## End(Not run)
+> ##--------------------
+> unlink("Rplots.tex")
+> ## Don't show: 
+> setwd(oldwd)
+> ## End(Don't show)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("plotmath")
+> ### * plotmath
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: plotmath
+> ### Title: Mathematical Annotation in R
+> ### Aliases: plotmath symbol plain bold italic bolditalic hat bar dot ring
+> ###   widehat widetilde displaystyle textstyle scriptstyle
+> ###   scriptscriptstyle underline phantom over frac atop integral inf sup
+> ###   group bgroup
+> ### Keywords: aplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> 
+> x <- seq(-4, 4, length.out = 101)
+> y <- cbind(sin(x), cos(x))
+> matplot(x, y, type = "l", xaxt = "n",
++         main = expression(paste(plain(sin) * phi, "  and  ",
++                                 plain(cos) * phi)),
++         ylab = expression("sin" * phi, "cos" * phi), # only 1st is taken
++         xlab = expression(paste("Phase Angle ", phi)),
++         col.main = "blue")
+> axis(1, at = c(-pi, -pi/2, 0, pi/2, pi),
++      labels = expression(-pi, -pi/2, 0, pi/2, pi))
+> 
+> 
+> ## How to combine "math" and numeric variables :
+> plot(1:10, type="n", xlab="", ylab="", main = "plot math & numbers")
+> theta <- 1.23 ; mtext(bquote(hat(theta) == .(theta)), line= .25)
+> for(i in 2:9)
++     text(i, i+1, substitute(list(xi, eta) == group("(",list(x,y),")"),
++                             list(x = i, y = i+1)))
+> ## note that both of these use calls rather than expressions.
+> ##
+> text(1, 10,  "Derivatives:", adj = 0)
+> text(1, 9.6, expression(
++  "             first: {f * minute}(x) " == {f * minute}(x)), adj = 0)
+> text(1, 9.0, expression(
++  "     second: {f * second}(x) "        == {f * second}(x)), adj = 0)
+> 
+> 
+> ## note the "{ .. }" trick to get "chained" equations:
+> plot(1:10, 1:10, main = quote(1 <= {1 < 2}))
+> text(4, 9, expression(hat(beta) == (X^t * X)^{-1} * X^t * y))
+> text(4, 8.4, "expression(hat(beta) == (X^t * X)^{-1} * X^t * y)",
++      cex = .8)
+> text(4, 7, expression(bar(x) == sum(frac(x[i], n), i==1, n)))
+> text(4, 6.4, "expression(bar(x) == sum(frac(x[i], n), i==1, n))",
++      cex = .8)
+> text(8, 5, expression(paste(frac(1, sigma*sqrt(2*pi)), " ",
++                             plain(e)^{frac(-(x-mu)^2, 2*sigma^2)})),
++      cex = 1.2)
+> 
+> ## some other useful symbols
+> plot.new(); plot.window(c(0,4), c(15,1))
+> text(1, 1, "universal", adj = 0); text(2.5, 1,  "\\042")
+> text(3, 1, expression(symbol("\042")))
+> text(1, 2, "existential", adj = 0); text(2.5, 2,  "\\044")
+> text(3, 2, expression(symbol("\044")))
+> text(1, 3, "suchthat", adj = 0); text(2.5, 3,  "\\047")
+> text(3, 3, expression(symbol("\047")))
+> text(1, 4, "therefore", adj = 0); text(2.5, 4,  "\\134")
+> text(3, 4, expression(symbol("\134")))
+> text(1, 5, "perpendicular", adj = 0); text(2.5, 5,  "\\136")
+> text(3, 5, expression(symbol("\136")))
+> text(1, 6, "circlemultiply", adj = 0); text(2.5, 6,  "\\304")
+> text(3, 6, expression(symbol("\304")))
+> text(1, 7, "circleplus", adj = 0); text(2.5, 7,  "\\305")
+> text(3, 7, expression(symbol("\305")))
+> text(1, 8, "emptyset", adj = 0); text(2.5, 8,  "\\306")
+> text(3, 8, expression(symbol("\306")))
+> text(1, 9, "angle", adj = 0); text(2.5, 9,  "\\320")
+> text(3, 9, expression(symbol("\320")))
+> text(1, 10, "leftangle", adj = 0); text(2.5, 10,  "\\341")
+> text(3, 10, expression(symbol("\341")))
+> text(1, 11, "rightangle", adj = 0); text(2.5, 11,  "\\361")
+> text(3, 11, expression(symbol("\361")))
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("postscriptFonts")
+> ### * postscriptFonts
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: postscriptFonts
+> ### Title: PostScript and PDF Font Families
+> ### Aliases: postscriptFonts pdfFonts
+> ### Keywords: device
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> postscriptFonts()
+$serif
+$family
+[1] "Times"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "Times-Roman.afm"      "Times-Bold.afm"       "Times-Italic.afm"    
+[4] "Times-BoldItalic.afm" "Symbol.afm"          
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$sans
+$family
+[1] "Helvetica"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "Helvetica.afm"             "Helvetica-Bold.afm"       
+[3] "Helvetica-Oblique.afm"     "Helvetica-BoldOblique.afm"
+[5] "Symbol.afm"               
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$mono
+$family
+[1] "Courier"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "Courier.afm"             "Courier-Bold.afm"       
+[3] "Courier-Oblique.afm"     "Courier-BoldOblique.afm"
+[5] "Symbol.afm"             
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$AvantGarde
+$family
+[1] "AvantGarde"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "agw_____.afm" "agd_____.afm" "agwo____.afm" "agdo____.afm" "Symbol.afm"  
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$Bookman
+$family
+[1] "Bookman"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "bkl_____.afm" "bkd_____.afm" "bkli____.afm" "bkdi____.afm" "Symbol.afm"  
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$Courier
+$family
+[1] "Courier"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "Courier.afm"             "Courier-Bold.afm"       
+[3] "Courier-Oblique.afm"     "Courier-BoldOblique.afm"
+[5] "Symbol.afm"             
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$Helvetica
+$family
+[1] "Helvetica"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "Helvetica.afm"             "Helvetica-Bold.afm"       
+[3] "Helvetica-Oblique.afm"     "Helvetica-BoldOblique.afm"
+[5] "Symbol.afm"               
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$`Helvetica-Narrow`
+$family
+[1] "Helvetica-Narrow"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "hvn_____.afm" "hvnb____.afm" "hvno____.afm" "hvnbo___.afm" "Symbol.afm"  
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$NewCenturySchoolbook
+$family
+[1] "NewCenturySchoolbook"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "ncr_____.afm" "ncb_____.afm" "nci_____.afm" "ncbi____.afm" "Symbol.afm"  
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$Palatino
+$family
+[1] "Palatino"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "por_____.afm" "pob_____.afm" "poi_____.afm" "pobi____.afm" "Symbol.afm"  
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$Times
+$family
+[1] "Times"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "Times-Roman.afm"      "Times-Bold.afm"       "Times-Italic.afm"    
+[4] "Times-BoldItalic.afm" "Symbol.afm"          
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$URWGothic
+$family
+[1] "URWGothic"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "a010013l.afm" "a010015l.afm" "a010033l.afm" "a010035l.afm" "s050000l.afm"
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$URWBookman
+$family
+[1] "URWBookman"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "b018012l.afm" "b018015l.afm" "b018032l.afm" "b018035l.afm" "s050000l.afm"
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$NimbusMon
+$family
+[1] "NimbusMon"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "n022003l.afm" "n022004l.afm" "n022023l.afm" "n022024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$NimbusSan
+$family
+[1] "NimbusSan"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "n019003l.afm" "n019004l.afm" "n019023l.afm" "n019024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$URWHelvetica
+$family
+[1] "URWHelvetica"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "n019003l.afm" "n019004l.afm" "n019023l.afm" "n019024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$NimbusSanCond
+$family
+[1] "NimbusSanCond"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "n019043l.afm" "n019044l.afm" "n019063l.afm" "n019064l.afm" "s050000l.afm"
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$CenturySch
+$family
+[1] "CenturySch"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "c059013l.afm" "c059016l.afm" "c059033l.afm" "c059036l.afm" "s050000l.afm"
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$URWPalladio
+$family
+[1] "URWPalladio"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "p052003l.afm" "p052004l.afm" "p052023l.afm" "p052024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$NimbusRom
+$family
+[1] "NimbusRom"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "n021003l.afm" "n021004l.afm" "n021023l.afm" "n021024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$URWTimes
+$family
+[1] "URWTimes"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "n021003l.afm" "n021004l.afm" "n021023l.afm" "n021024l.afm" "s050000l.afm"
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$ArialMT
+$family
+[1] "ArialMT"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "ArialMT.afm"            "ArialMT-Bold.afm"       "ArialMT-Italic.afm"    
+[4] "ArialMT-BoldItalic.afm" "Symbol.afm"            
+
+$encoding
+[1] "default"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$ComputerModern
+$family
+[1] "ComputerModern"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "CM_regular_10.afm"      "CM_boldx_10.afm"        "CM_italic_10.afm"      
+[4] "CM_boldx_italic_10.afm" "CM_symbol_10.afm"      
+
+$encoding
+[1] "TeXtext.enc"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$ComputerModernItalic
+$family
+[1] "ComputerModernItalic"
+
+$metrics
+[1] "CM_regular_10.afm" "CM_boldx_10.afm"   "cmti10.afm"       
+[4] "cmbxti10.afm"      "CM_symbol_10.afm" 
+
+$encoding
+[1] "TeXtext.enc"
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "Type1Font"
+
+$Japan1
+$family
+[1] "HeiseiKakuGo-W5"
+
+$metrics
+[1] ""           ""           ""           ""           "Symbol.afm"
+
+$cmap
+[1] "EUC-H"
+
+$cmapEncoding
+[1] "EUC-JP"
+
+$pdfresource
+[1] ""
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "CIDFont"
+
+$Japan1HeiMin
+$family
+[1] "HeiseiMin-W3"
+
+$metrics
+[1] ""           ""           ""           ""           "Symbol.afm"
+
+$cmap
+[1] "EUC-H"
+
+$cmapEncoding
+[1] "EUC-JP"
+
+$pdfresource
+[1] ""
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "CIDFont"
+
+$Japan1GothicBBB
+$family
+[1] "GothicBBB-Medium"
+
+$metrics
+[1] ""           ""           ""           ""           "Symbol.afm"
+
+$cmap
+[1] "EUC-H"
+
+$cmapEncoding
+[1] "EUC-JP"
+
+$pdfresource
+[1] ""
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "CIDFont"
+
+$Japan1Ryumin
+$family
+[1] "Ryumin-Light"
+
+$metrics
+[1] ""           ""           ""           ""           "Symbol.afm"
+
+$cmap
+[1] "EUC-H"
+
+$cmapEncoding
+[1] "EUC-JP"
+
+$pdfresource
+[1] ""
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "CIDFont"
+
+$Korea1
+$family
+[1] "Baekmuk-Batang"
+
+$metrics
+[1] ""           ""           ""           ""           "Symbol.afm"
+
+$cmap
+[1] "KSCms-UHC-H"
+
+$cmapEncoding
+[1] "CP949"
+
+$pdfresource
+[1] ""
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "CIDFont"
+
+$Korea1deb
+$family
+[1] "Batang-Regular"
+
+$metrics
+[1] ""           ""           ""           ""           "Symbol.afm"
+
+$cmap
+[1] "KSCms-UHC-H"
+
+$cmapEncoding
+[1] "CP949"
+
+$pdfresource
+[1] ""
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "CIDFont"
+
+$CNS1
+$family
+[1] "MOESung-Regular"
+
+$metrics
+[1] ""           ""           ""           ""           "Symbol.afm"
+
+$cmap
+[1] "B5pc-H"
+
+$cmapEncoding
+[1] "CP950"
+
+$pdfresource
+[1] ""
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "CIDFont"
+
+$GB1
+$family
+[1] "BousungEG-Light-GB"
+
+$metrics
+[1] ""           ""           ""           ""           "Symbol.afm"
+
+$cmap
+[1] "GBK-EUC-H"
+
+$cmapEncoding
+[1] "GBK"
+
+$pdfresource
+[1] ""
+
+attr(,"class")
+[1] "CIDFont"
+
+> ## This duplicates "ComputerModernItalic".
+> CMitalic <- Type1Font("ComputerModern2",
++                       c("CM_regular_10.afm", "CM_boldx_10.afm",
++                         "cmti10.afm", "cmbxti10.afm",
++                          "CM_symbol_10.afm"),
++                       encoding = "TeXtext.enc")
+> postscriptFonts(CMitalic = CMitalic)
+> 
+> ## A CID font for Japanese using a different CMap and
+> ## corresponding cmapEncoding.
+> `Jp_UCS-2` <- CIDFont("TestUCS2",
++                   c("Adobe-Japan1-UniJIS-UCS2-H.afm",
++                     "Adobe-Japan1-UniJIS-UCS2-H.afm",
++                     "Adobe-Japan1-UniJIS-UCS2-H.afm",
++                     "Adobe-Japan1-UniJIS-UCS2-H.afm"),
++                   "UniJIS-UCS2-H", "UCS-2")
+> pdfFonts(`Jp_UCS-2` = `Jp_UCS-2`)
+> names(pdfFonts())
+ [1] "serif"                "sans"                 "mono"                
+ [4] "AvantGarde"           "Bookman"              "Courier"             
+ [7] "Helvetica"            "Helvetica-Narrow"     "NewCenturySchoolbook"
+[10] "Palatino"             "Times"                "URWGothic"           
+[13] "URWBookman"           "NimbusMon"            "NimbusSan"           
+[16] "URWHelvetica"         "NimbusSanCond"        "CenturySch"          
+[19] "URWPalladio"          "NimbusRom"            "URWTimes"            
+[22] "ArialMT"              "Japan1"               "Japan1HeiMin"        
+[25] "Japan1GothicBBB"      "Japan1Ryumin"         "Korea1"              
+[28] "Korea1deb"            "CNS1"                 "GB1"                 
+[31] "Jp_UCS-2"            
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("pretty.Date")
+> ### * pretty.Date
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: pretty.Date
+> ### Title: Pretty Breakpoints for Date-Time Classes
+> ### Aliases: pretty.Date pretty.POSIXt
+> ### Keywords: dplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> ## time-dependent ==> ignore diffs:
+> ## IGNORE_RDIFF_BEGIN
+> pretty(Sys.Date())
+[1] "2023-01-21" "2023-01-22" "2023-01-23" "2023-01-24" "2023-01-25"
+[6] "2023-01-26"
+> pretty(Sys.time(), n = 10)
+ [1] "2023-01-23 09:00:53 NZDT" "2023-01-23 09:00:54 NZDT"
+ [3] "2023-01-23 09:00:55 NZDT" "2023-01-23 09:00:56 NZDT"
+ [5] "2023-01-23 09:00:57 NZDT" "2023-01-23 09:00:58 NZDT"
+ [7] "2023-01-23 09:00:59 NZDT" "2023-01-23 09:01:00 NZDT"
+ [9] "2023-01-23 09:01:01 NZDT" "2023-01-23 09:01:02 NZDT"
+[11] "2023-01-23 09:01:03 NZDT"
+> ## IGNORE_RDIFF_END
+> 
+> pretty(as.Date("2000-03-01")) # R 1.0.0 came in a leap year
+[1] "2000-02-28" "2000-02-29" "2000-03-01" "2000-03-02" "2000-03-03"
+[6] "2000-03-04"
+> 
+> ## time ranges in diverse scales:% also in ../../../../tests/reg-tests-1c.R
+> require(stats)
+> steps <- setNames(,
++     c("10 secs", "1 min", "5 mins", "30 mins", "6 hours", "12 hours",
++       "1 DSTday", "2 weeks", "1 month", "6 months", "1 year",
++       "10 years", "50 years", "1000 years"))
+> x <- as.POSIXct("2002-02-02 02:02")
+> lapply(steps,
++        function(s) {
++            at <- pretty(seq(x, by = s, length.out = 2), n = 5)
++            attr(at, "labels")
++        })
+$`10 secs`
+[1] "00" "02" "04" "06" "08" "10"
+
+$`1 min`
+[1] "00" "10" "20" "30" "40" "50" "00"
+
+$`5 mins`
+[1] "02:02" "02:03" "02:04" "02:05" "02:06" "02:07"
+
+$`30 mins`
+[1] "02:00" "02:10" "02:20" "02:30" "02:40"
+
+$`6 hours`
+[1] "02:00" "03:00" "04:00" "05:00" "06:00" "07:00" "08:00" "09:00"
+
+$`12 hours`
+[1] "00:00" "03:00" "06:00" "09:00" "12:00" "15:00"
+
+$`1 DSTday`
+[1] "Feb 02 00:00" "Feb 02 06:00" "Feb 02 12:00" "Feb 02 18:00" "Feb 03 00:00"
+[6] "Feb 03 06:00"
+
+$`2 weeks`
+[1] "Jan 28" "Feb 04" "Feb 11" "Feb 18"
+
+$`1 month`
+[1] "Jan 28" "Feb 04" "Feb 11" "Feb 18" "Feb 25" "Mar 04"
+
+$`6 months`
+[1] "Feb" "Mar" "Apr" "May" "Jun" "Jul" "Aug" "Sep"
+
+$`1 year`
+[1] "Jan" "Apr" "Jul" "Oct" "Jan" "Apr"
+
+$`10 years`
+[1] "2002" "2004" "2006" "2008" "2010" "2012" "2014"
+
+$`50 years`
+[1] "2000" "2010" "2020" "2030" "2040" "2050" "2060"
+
+$`1000 years`
+[1] "2000" "2200" "2400" "2600" "2800" "3000" "3200"
+
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("ps.options")
+> ### * ps.options
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: ps.options
+> ### Title: Auxiliary Function to Set/View Defaults for Arguments of
+> ###   postscript
+> ### Aliases: ps.options setEPS setPS
+> ### Keywords: device
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> ps.options(bg = "pink")
+> utils::str(ps.options())
+List of 18
+ $ onefile    : logi TRUE
+ $ family     : chr "Helvetica"
+ $ title      : chr "R Graphics Output"
+ $ fonts      : NULL
+ $ encoding   : chr "default"
+ $ bg         : chr "pink"
+ $ fg         : chr "black"
+ $ width      : num 0
+ $ height     : num 0
+ $ horizontal : logi TRUE
+ $ pointsize  : num 12
+ $ paper      : chr "default"
+ $ pagecentre : logi TRUE
+ $ print.it   : logi FALSE
+ $ command    : chr "default"
+ $ colormodel : chr "srgb"
+ $ useKerning : logi TRUE
+ $ fillOddEven: logi FALSE
+> 
+> ### ---- error checking of arguments: ----
+> ps.options(width = 0:12, onefile = 0, bg = pi)
+Warning: ‘mode(onefile)’ and ‘mode(bg)’ differ between new and previous
+	 ==> NOT changing ‘onefile’ & ‘bg’
+Warning: ‘length(width)’ differs between new and previous
+	 ==> NOT changing ‘width’
+> # override the check for 'width', but not 'bg':
+> ps.options(width = 0:12, bg = pi, override.check = c(TRUE,FALSE))
+Warning: ‘mode(bg)’ differs between new and previous
+	 ==> NOT changing ‘bg’
+Warning: ‘length(width)’ differs between new and previous
+> utils::str(ps.options())
+List of 18
+ $ onefile    : logi TRUE
+ $ family     : chr "Helvetica"
+ $ title      : chr "R Graphics Output"
+ $ fonts      : NULL
+ $ encoding   : chr "default"
+ $ bg         : chr "pink"
+ $ fg         : chr "black"
+ $ width      : int [1:13] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ...
+ $ height     : num 0
+ $ horizontal : logi TRUE
+ $ pointsize  : num 12
+ $ paper      : chr "default"
+ $ pagecentre : logi TRUE
+ $ print.it   : logi FALSE
+ $ command    : chr "default"
+ $ colormodel : chr "srgb"
+ $ useKerning : logi TRUE
+ $ fillOddEven: logi FALSE
+> ps.options(reset = TRUE) # back to factory-fresh
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("quartz")
+> ### * quartz
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: quartz
+> ### Title: macOS Quartz Device
+> ### Aliases: quartz quartz.options quartz.save
+> ### Keywords: device
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> ## Not run: 
+> ##D ## Only on a Mac,
+> ##D ## put something like this is your .Rprofile to customize the defaults
+> ##D setHook(packageEvent("grDevices", "onLoad"),
+> ##D         function(...) grDevices::quartz.options(width = 8, height = 6,
+> ##D                                                 pointsize = 10))
+> ## End(Not run)
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("quartzFonts")
+> ### * quartzFonts
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: quartzFonts
+> ### Title: Quartz Fonts Setup
+> ### Aliases: quartzFont quartzFonts
+> ### Keywords: device
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> if(.Platform$OS.type == "unix") { # includes Mac
++ 
++  utils::str( quartzFonts() ) # a list(serif = .., sans = .., mono = ..)
++  quartzFonts("mono") # the list(mono = ..) sublist of quartzFonts()
++ ## Not run: 
++ ##D   ## for East Asian locales you can use something like
++ ##D   quartzFonts(sans = quartzFont(rep("AppleGothic", 4)),
++ ##D 	      serif = quartzFont(rep("AppleMyungjp", 4)))
++ ##D   ## since the default fonts may well not have the glyphs needed
++ ## End(Not run)
++ }
+List of 3
+ $ serif: chr [1:4] "Times-Roman" "Times-Bold" "Times-Italic" "Times-BoldItalic"
+ $ sans : chr [1:4] "Helvetica" "Helvetica-Bold" "Helvetica-Oblique" "Helvetica-BoldOblique"
+ $ mono : chr [1:4] "Courier" "Courier-Bold" "Courier-Oblique" "Courier-BoldOblique"
+$mono
+[1] "Courier"             "Courier-Bold"        "Courier-Oblique"    
+[4] "Courier-BoldOblique"
+
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("recordGraphics")
+> ### * recordGraphics
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: recordGraphics
+> ### Title: Record Graphics Operations
+> ### Aliases: recordGraphics
+> ### Keywords: device
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> 
+> plot(1:10)
+> # This rectangle remains 1inch wide when the device is resized
+> recordGraphics(
++   {
++     rect(4, 2,
++          4 + diff(par("usr")[1:2])/par("pin")[1], 3)
++   },
++   list(),
++   getNamespace("graphics"))
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("rgb")
+> ### * rgb
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: rgb
+> ### Title: RGB Color Specification
+> ### Aliases: rgb
+> ### Keywords: color
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> rgb(0, 1, 0)
+[1] "#00FF00"
+> 
+> rgb((0:15)/15, green = 0, blue = 0, names = paste("red", 0:15, sep = "."))
+    red.0     red.1     red.2     red.3     red.4     red.5     red.6     red.7 
+"#000000" "#110000" "#220000" "#330000" "#440000" "#550000" "#660000" "#770000" 
+    red.8     red.9    red.10    red.11    red.12    red.13    red.14    red.15 
+"#880000" "#990000" "#AA0000" "#BB0000" "#CC0000" "#DD0000" "#EE0000" "#FF0000" 
+> 
+> rgb(0, 0:12, 0, maxColorValue = 255) # integer input
+ [1] "#000000" "#000100" "#000200" "#000300" "#000400" "#000500" "#000600"
+ [8] "#000700" "#000800" "#000900" "#000A00" "#000B00" "#000C00"
+> 
+> ramp <- colorRamp(c("red", "white"))
+> rgb( ramp(seq(0, 1, length.out = 5)), maxColorValue = 255)
+[1] "#FF0000" "#FF3F3F" "#FF7F7F" "#FFBFBF" "#FFFFFF"
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("rgb2hsv")
+> ### * rgb2hsv
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: rgb2hsv
+> ### Title: RGB to HSV Conversion
+> ### Aliases: rgb2hsv
+> ### Keywords: color dplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> ## These (saturated, bright ones) only differ by hue
+> (rc <- col2rgb(c("red", "yellow","green","cyan", "blue", "magenta")))
+      [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6]
+red    255  255    0    0    0  255
+green    0  255  255  255    0    0
+blue     0    0    0  255  255  255
+> (hc <- rgb2hsv(rc))
+  [,1]      [,2]      [,3] [,4]      [,5]      [,6]
+h    0 0.1666667 0.3333333  0.5 0.6666667 0.8333333
+s    1 1.0000000 1.0000000  1.0 1.0000000 1.0000000
+v    1 1.0000000 1.0000000  1.0 1.0000000 1.0000000
+> 6 * hc["h",] # the hues are equispaced
+[1] 0 1 2 3 4 5
+> 
+> ## Don't show: 
+> set.seed(151)
+> ## End(Don't show)
+> (rgb3 <- floor(256 * matrix(stats::runif(3*12), 3, 12)))
+     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12]
+[1,]  122  137  116  244   20  153  191  250  134   117    27   202
+[2,]  221  113  210  200  218  151   64  182  195   103   218   254
+[3,]  199  157   88   76   39   91   80  146   22   105    17   239
+> (hsv3 <- rgb2hsv(rgb3))
+       [,1]      [,2]      [,3]      [,4]      [,5]      [,6]      [,7]
+h 0.4629630 0.7575758 0.2950820 0.1230159 0.3493266 0.1612903 0.9790026
+s 0.4479638 0.2802548 0.5809524 0.6885246 0.9082569 0.4052288 0.6649215
+v 0.8666667 0.6156863 0.8235294 0.9568627 0.8549020 0.6000000 0.7490196
+        [,8]      [,9]     [,10]     [,11]     [,12]
+h 0.05769231 0.2254335 0.9761905 0.3250415 0.4519231
+s 0.41600000 0.8871795 0.1196581 0.9220183 0.2047244
+v 0.98039216 0.7647059 0.4588235 0.8549020 0.9960784
+> ## Consistency :
+> stopifnot(rgb3 == col2rgb(hsv(h = hsv3[1,], s = hsv3[2,], v = hsv3[3,])),
++           all.equal(hsv3, rgb2hsv(rgb3/255, maxColorValue = 1)))
+> 
+> ## A (simplified) pure R version -- originally by Wolfram Fischer --
+> ## showing the exact algorithm:
+> rgb2hsvR <- function(rgb, gamma = 1, maxColorValue = 255)
++ {
++     if(!is.numeric(rgb)) stop("rgb matrix must be numeric")
++     d <- dim(rgb)
++     if(d[1] != 3) stop("rgb matrix must have 3 rows")
++     n <- d[2]
++     if(n == 0) return(cbind(c(h = 1, s = 1, v = 1))[,0])
++     rgb <- rgb/maxColorValue
++     if(gamma != 1) rgb <- rgb ^ (1/gamma)
++ 
++     ## get the max and min
++     v <- apply( rgb, 2, max)
++     s <- apply( rgb, 2, min)
++     D <- v - s # range
++ 
++     ## set hue to zero for undefined values (gray has no hue)
++     h <- numeric(n)
++     notgray <- ( s != v )
++ 
++     ## blue hue
++     idx <- (v == rgb[3,] & notgray )
++     if (any (idx))
++         h[idx] <- 2/3 + 1/6 * (rgb[1,idx] - rgb[2,idx]) / D[idx]
++     ## green hue
++     idx <- (v == rgb[2,] & notgray )
++     if (any (idx))
++         h[idx] <- 1/3 + 1/6 * (rgb[3,idx] - rgb[1,idx]) / D[idx]
++     ## red hue
++     idx <- (v == rgb[1,] & notgray )
++     if (any (idx))
++         h[idx] <-       1/6 * (rgb[2,idx] - rgb[3,idx]) / D[idx]
++ 
++     ## correct for negative red
++     idx <- (h < 0)
++     h[idx] <- 1+h[idx]
++ 
++     ## set the saturation
++     s[! notgray] <- 0;
++     s[notgray] <- 1 - s[notgray] / v[notgray]
++ 
++     rbind( h = h, s = s, v = v )
++ }
+> 
+> ## confirm the equivalence:
+> all.equal(rgb2hsv (rgb3),
++           rgb2hsvR(rgb3), tolerance = 1e-14) # TRUE
+[1] TRUE
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("trans3d")
+> ### * trans3d
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: trans3d
+> ### Title: 3D to 2D Transformation for Perspective Plots
+> ### Aliases: trans3d
+> ### Keywords: dplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> ## See  help(persp) {after attaching the 'graphics' package}
+> ##      -----------
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("windows")
+> ### * windows
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: windows
+> ### Title: Windows Graphics Devices
+> ### Aliases: windows win.graph win.metafile win.print print.SavedPlots
+> ###   [.SavedPlots
+> ### Keywords: device
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> ## Not run: 
+> ##D ## A series of plots written to a sequence of metafiles
+> ##D if(.Platform$OS.type == "windows")
+> ##D    win.metafile("Rplot%02d.wmf", pointsize = 10)
+> ## End(Not run)
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("windows.options")
+> ### * windows.options
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: windows.options
+> ### Title: Auxiliary Function to Set/View Defaults for Arguments of
+> ###   windows()
+> ### Aliases: windows.options
+> ### Keywords: device
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> ## Not run: 
+> ##D ## put something like this is your .Rprofile to customize the defaults
+> ##D setHook(packageEvent("grDevices", "onLoad"),
+> ##D         function(...)
+> ##D             grDevices::windows.options(width = 8, height = 6,
+> ##D                                        xpos = 0, pointsize = 10,
+> ##D                                        bitmap.aa.win = "cleartype"))
+> ## End(Not run)
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("windowsFonts")
+> ### * windowsFonts
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: windowsFonts
+> ### Title: Windows Fonts
+> ### Aliases: windowsFont windowsFonts
+> ### Keywords: device
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> if(.Platform$OS.type == "windows") withAutoprint({
++   windowsFonts()
++   windowsFonts("mono")
++ })
+> ## Not run: 
+> ##D ## set up for Japanese: needs the fonts installed
+> ##D windows()  # make sure we have the right device type (available on Windows only)
+> ##D Sys.setlocale("LC_ALL", "ja")
+> ##D windowsFonts(JP1 = windowsFont("MS Mincho"),
+> ##D              JP2 = windowsFont("MS Gothic"),
+> ##D              JP3 = windowsFont("Arial Unicode MS"))
+> ##D plot(1:10)
+> ##D text(5, 2, "\u{4E10}\u{4E00}\u{4E01}", family = "JP1")
+> ##D text(7, 2, "\u{4E10}\u{4E00}\u{4E01}", family = "JP1", font = 2)
+> ##D text(5, 1.5, "\u{4E10}\u{4E00}\u{4E01}", family = "JP2")
+> ##D text(9, 2, "\u{5100}", family = "JP3")
+> ## End(Not run)
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("x11")
+> ### * x11
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: x11
+> ### Title: X Window System Graphics (X11)
+> ### Aliases: x11 X11 X11.options
+> ### Keywords: device
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> ## Not run: 
+> ##D if(.Platform$OS.type == "unix") { # Only on unix-alikes, possibly Mac,
+> ##D ## put something like this is your .Rprofile to customize the defaults
+> ##D setHook(packageEvent("grDevices", "onLoad"),
+> ##D         function(...) grDevices::X11.options(width = 8, height = 6, xpos = 0,
+> ##D                                              pointsize = 10))
+> ##D }
+> ## End(Not run)
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("x11Fonts")
+> ### * x11Fonts
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: X11Fonts
+> ### Title: X11 Fonts
+> ### Aliases: X11Font X11Fonts
+> ### Keywords: device
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> ## IGNORE_RDIFF_BEGIN
+> if(capabilities()[["X11"]]) withAutoprint({
++ X11Fonts()
++ X11Fonts("mono")
++ utopia <- X11Font("-*-utopia-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*")
++ X11Fonts(utopia = utopia)
++ })
+> X11Fonts()
+$serif
+[1] "-*-times-%s-%s-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"
+
+$sans
+[1] "-*-helvetica-%s-%s-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"
+
+$mono
+[1] "-*-courier-%s-%s-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"
+
+$Times
+[1] "-adobe-times-%s-%s-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"
+
+$Helvetica
+[1] "-adobe-helvetica-%s-%s-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"
+
+$CyrTimes
+[1] "-cronyx-times-%s-%s-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"
+
+$CyrHelvetica
+[1] "-cronyx-helvetica-%s-%s-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"
+
+$Arial
+[1] "-monotype-arial-%s-%s-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"
+
+$Mincho
+[1] "-*-mincho-%s-%s-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"
+
+> X11Fonts("mono")
+$mono
+[1] "-*-courier-%s-%s-*-*-%d-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"
+
+> utopia <- X11Font("-*-utopia-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*")
+> X11Fonts(utopia = utopia)
+> ## IGNORE_RDIFF_END
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("xy.coords")
+> ### * xy.coords
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: xy.coords
+> ### Title: Extracting Plotting Structures
+> ### Aliases: xy.coords
+> ### Keywords: dplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> ff <- stats::fft(1:9)
+> xy.coords(ff)
+$x
+[1] 45.0 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5
+
+$y
+[1]   0.0000000  12.3636484   5.3628912   2.5980762   0.7934714  -0.7934714
+[7]  -2.5980762  -5.3628912 -12.3636484
+
+$xlab
+[1] "Re()"
+
+$ylab
+[1] "Im()"
+
+> xy.coords(ff, xlab = "fft") # labels "Re(fft)",  "Im(fft)"
+$x
+[1] 45.0 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5
+
+$y
+[1]   0.0000000  12.3636484   5.3628912   2.5980762   0.7934714  -0.7934714
+[7]  -2.5980762  -5.3628912 -12.3636484
+
+$xlab
+[1] "Re(fft)"
+
+$ylab
+[1] "Im(fft)"
+
+> ## Don't show: 
+> stopifnot(identical(xy.coords(ff, xlab = "fft"),
++                     xy.coords(ff, ylab = "fft")))
+> xy.labs <- function(...) xy.coords(...)[c("xlab","ylab")]
+> stopifnot(identical(xy.labs(ff, xlab = "fft", setLab = FALSE),
++                     list(xlab = "fft", ylab = "fft")),
++           identical(xy.labs(ff, ylab = "fft", setLab = FALSE),
++                     list(xlab = NULL, ylab = "fft")),
++           identical(xy.labs(ff, xlab = "Re(fft)", ylab = "Im(fft)", setLab = FALSE),
++                     list(xlab = "Re(fft)", ylab = "Im(fft)")))
+> ## End(Don't show)
+> with(cars, xy.coords(dist ~ speed, NULL)$xlab ) # = "speed"
+[1] "speed"
+> 
+> xy.coords(1:3, 1:2, recycle = TRUE) # otherwise error "lengths differ"
+$x
+[1] 1 2 3
+
+$y
+[1] 1 2 1
+
+$xlab
+NULL
+
+$ylab
+NULL
+
+> xy.coords(-2:10, log = "y")
+Warning in xy.coords(-2:10, log = "y") :
+  3 y values <= 0 omitted from logarithmic plot
+$x
+ [1]  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13
+
+$y
+ [1] NA NA NA  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10
+
+$xlab
+[1] "Index"
+
+$ylab
+NULL
+
+> ##> xlab: "Index"  \\  warning: 3 y values <= 0 omitted ..
+> op <- options(warn = 2)# ==> warnings would be errors, we suppress the one "we know":
+> suppressWarnings(xy.coords(-2:10, log = "y"), classes="log_le_0") -> xy
+> options(op) # revert
+> stopifnot(is.list(xy), identical (1:13 +0,  xy$x),
++           identical(c(rep(NA, 3), 1:10 +0), xy$y))
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("xyTable")
+> ### * xyTable
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: xyTable
+> ### Title: Multiplicities of (x,y) Points, e.g., for a Sunflower Plot
+> ### Aliases: xyTable
+> ### Keywords: dplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> xyTable(iris[, 3:4], digits = 6)
+$x
+  [1] 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7
+ [19] 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1
+ [37] 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7
+ [55] 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2
+ [73] 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.9
+ [91] 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.9
+
+$y
+  [1] 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.3
+ [19] 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.3
+ [37] 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6
+ [55] 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.0 2.3
+ [73] 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.3 1.8 2.1 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.5 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.1
+ [91] 2.3 1.8 2.5 1.9 2.3 2.5 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.3
+
+$number
+  [1] 1 1 2 4 2 1 2 8 3 2 7 1 3 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1
+ [38] 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ [75] 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+
+> 
+> ## Discretized uncorrelated Gaussian:
+> ## Don't show: 
+> set.seed(1)
+> ## End(Don't show)
+> require(stats)
+> xy <- data.frame(x = round(sort(rnorm(100))), y = rnorm(100))
+> xyTable(xy, digits = 1)
+$x
+ [1] -2 -2 -2 -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
+[26]  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1
+[51]  1  1  1  1  1  1  2  2  2  2
+
+$y
+ [1] -0.90 -0.60  0.04  0.20 -0.70 -0.60 -0.50 -0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10  0.40
+[13]  0.50  0.70  0.90  1.00  2.00 -2.00 -1.00 -0.90 -0.80 -0.70 -0.60 -0.50
+[25] -0.30 -0.20 -0.07 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02  0.02  0.06  0.30  0.40  0.50  0.70
+[37]  0.90  1.00  2.00 -1.00 -0.90 -0.80 -0.70 -0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10 -0.08
+[49] -0.03  0.10  0.20  0.40  0.50  0.80  1.00  2.00 -1.00 -0.40  0.40  1.00
+
+$number
+ [1] 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 5 5 1 1 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3
+[39] 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 4 2 3 1 1 1
+
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("xyz.coords")
+> ### * xyz.coords
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: xyz.coords
+> ### Title: Extracting Plotting Structures
+> ### Aliases: xyz.coords
+> ### Keywords: dplot
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> xyz.coords(data.frame(10*1:9, -4), y = NULL, z = NULL)
+$x
+[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+
+$y
+[1] 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
+
+$z
+[1] -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4
+
+$xlab
+[1] "Index"
+
+$ylab
+NULL
+
+$zlab
+NULL
+
+> 
+> xyz.coords(1:5, stats::fft(1:5), z = NULL, xlab = "X", ylab = "Y")
+$x
+[1] 15.0 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5
+
+$y
+[1]  0.0000000  3.4409548  0.8122992 -0.8122992 -3.4409548
+
+$z
+[1] 1 2 3 4 5
+
+$xlab
+[1] "Re(Y)"
+
+$ylab
+[1] "Im(Y)"
+
+$zlab
+[1] "X"
+
+> 
+> y <- 2 * (x2 <- 10 + (x1 <- 1:10))
+> xyz.coords(y ~ x1 + x2, y = NULL, z = NULL)
+$x
+ [1]  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10
+
+$y
+ [1] 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
+
+$z
+ [1] 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
+
+$xlab
+[1] "x1"
+
+$ylab
+[1] "x2"
+
+$zlab
+[1] "y"
+
+> 
+> xyz.coords(data.frame(x = -1:9, y = 2:12, z = 3:13), y = NULL, z = NULL,
++            log = "xy")
+Warning in xyz.coords(data.frame(x = -1:9, y = 2:12, z = 3:13), y = NULL,  :
+  2 x values <= 0 omitted from logarithmic plot
+$x
+ [1] NA NA  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9
+
+$y
+ [1]  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12
+
+$z
+ [1]  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13
+
+$xlab
+[1] "x"
+
+$ylab
+[1] "y"
+
+$zlab
+[1] "z"
+
+> ##> Warning message: 2 x values <= 0 omitted ...
+> ## Suppress this specific warning:
+> suppressWarnings(xyz.coords(x = -1:9, y = 2:12, z = 3:13, log = "xy"),
++                  classes = "log_le_0")
+$x
+ [1] NA NA  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9
+
+$y
+ [1]  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12
+
+$z
+ [1]  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13
+
+$xlab
+NULL
+
+$ylab
+NULL
+
+$zlab
+NULL
+
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> ### * <FOOTER>
+> ###
+> cleanEx()
+> options(digits = 7L)
+> base::cat("Time elapsed: ", proc.time() - base::get("ptime", pos = 'CheckExEnv'),"\n")
+Time elapsed:  29.035 0.328 29.373 0 0 
+> grDevices::dev.off()
+null device 
+          1 
+> ###
+> ### Local variables: ***
+> ### mode: outline-minor ***
+> ### outline-regexp: "\\(> \\)?### [*]+" ***
+> ### End: ***
+> quit('no')