@r-universe/webr 2023.6.11 → 2023.6.21

package/dist/vfs/usr/lib/R/tests/Examples/datasets-Ex.Rout.save

@@ -0,0 +1,3602 @@
+
+R Under development (unstable) (2022-07-07 r82558) -- "Unsuffered Consequences"
+Copyright (C) 2022 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
+Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
+
+R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
+You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
+Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details.
+
+  Natural language support but running in an English locale
+
+R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
+Type 'contributors()' for more information and
+'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.
+
+Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or
+'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
+Type 'q()' to quit R.
+
+> pkgname <- "datasets"
+> source(file.path(R.home("share"), "R", "examples-header.R"))
+> options(warn = 1)
+> library('datasets')
+> 
+> base::assign(".oldSearch", base::search(), pos = 'CheckExEnv')
+> base::assign(".old_wd", base::getwd(), pos = 'CheckExEnv')
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("AirPassengers")
+> ### * AirPassengers
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: AirPassengers
+> ### Title: Monthly Airline Passenger Numbers 1949-1960
+> ### Aliases: AirPassengers
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> ## Not run: 
+> ##D ## These are quite slow and so not run by example(AirPassengers)
+> ##D 
+> ##D ## The classic 'airline model', by full ML
+> ##D (fit <- arima(log10(AirPassengers), c(0, 1, 1),
+> ##D               seasonal = list(order = c(0, 1, 1), period = 12)))
+> ##D update(fit, method = "CSS")
+> ##D update(fit, x = window(log10(AirPassengers), start = 1954))
+> ##D pred <- predict(fit, n.ahead = 24)
+> ##D tl <- pred$pred - 1.96 * pred$se
+> ##D tu <- pred$pred + 1.96 * pred$se
+> ##D ts.plot(AirPassengers, 10^tl, 10^tu, log = "y", lty = c(1, 2, 2))
+> ##D 
+> ##D ## full ML fit is the same if the series is reversed, CSS fit is not
+> ##D ap0 <- rev(log10(AirPassengers))
+> ##D attributes(ap0) <- attributes(AirPassengers)
+> ##D arima(ap0, c(0, 1, 1), seasonal = list(order = c(0, 1, 1), period = 12))
+> ##D arima(ap0, c(0, 1, 1), seasonal = list(order = c(0, 1, 1), period = 12),
+> ##D       method = "CSS")
+> ##D 
+> ##D ## Structural Time Series
+> ##D ap <- log10(AirPassengers) - 2
+> ##D (fit <- StructTS(ap, type = "BSM"))
+> ##D par(mfrow = c(1, 2))
+> ##D plot(cbind(ap, fitted(fit)), plot.type = "single")
+> ##D plot(cbind(ap, tsSmooth(fit)), plot.type = "single")
+> ## End(Not run)
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("BOD")
+> ### * BOD
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: BOD
+> ### Title: Biochemical Oxygen Demand
+> ### Aliases: BOD
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> ## Don't show: 
+> options(show.nls.convergence=FALSE)
+> old <- options(digits = 5)
+> ## End(Don't show)
+> require(stats)
+> # simplest form of fitting a first-order model to these data
+> fm1 <- nls(demand ~ A*(1-exp(-exp(lrc)*Time)), data = BOD,
++            start = c(A = 20, lrc = log(.35)))
+> coef(fm1)
+       A      lrc 
+19.14258 -0.63282 
+> fm1
+Nonlinear regression model
+  model: demand ~ A * (1 - exp(-exp(lrc) * Time))
+   data: BOD
+     A    lrc 
+19.143 -0.633 
+ residual sum-of-squares: 26
+> # using the plinear algorithm  (trace o/p differs by platform)
+> ## IGNORE_RDIFF_BEGIN
+> fm2 <- nls(demand ~ (1-exp(-exp(lrc)*Time)), data = BOD,
++            start = c(lrc = log(.35)), algorithm = "plinear", trace = TRUE)
+32.946    (7.09e-01): par = (-1.0498 22.126)
+25.992    (1.29e-02): par = (-0.62572 19.103)
+25.990    (2.13e-04): par = (-0.6327 19.142)
+25.990    (3.55e-06): par = (-0.63282 19.143)
+> ## IGNORE_RDIFF_END
+> # using a self-starting model
+> fm3 <- nls(demand ~ SSasympOrig(Time, A, lrc), data = BOD)
+> summary(fm3)
+
+Formula: demand ~ SSasympOrig(Time, A, lrc)
+
+Parameters:
+    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)   
+A     19.143      2.496    7.67   0.0016 **
+lrc   -0.633      0.382   -1.65   0.1733   
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+Residual standard error: 2.55 on 4 degrees of freedom
+
+> ## Don't show: 
+> options(old)
+> ## End(Don't show)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("ChickWeight")
+> ### * ChickWeight
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: ChickWeight
+> ### Title: Weight versus age of chicks on different diets
+> ### Aliases: ChickWeight
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("DNase")
+> ### * DNase
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: DNase
+> ### Title: Elisa assay of DNase
+> ### Aliases: DNase
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> ## Don't show: 
+> options(show.nls.convergence=FALSE)
+> ## End(Don't show)
+> coplot(density ~ conc | Run, data = DNase,
++        show.given = FALSE, type = "b")
+> coplot(density ~ log(conc) | Run, data = DNase,
++        show.given = FALSE, type = "b")
+> ## fit a representative run
+> fm1 <- nls(density ~ SSlogis( log(conc), Asym, xmid, scal ),
++     data = DNase, subset = Run == 1)
+> ## compare with a four-parameter logistic
+> fm2 <- nls(density ~ SSfpl( log(conc), A, B, xmid, scal ),
++     data = DNase, subset = Run == 1)
+> summary(fm2)
+
+Formula: density ~ SSfpl(log(conc), A, B, xmid, scal)
+
+Parameters:
+      Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
+A    -0.007897   0.017200  -0.459    0.654    
+B     2.377239   0.109516  21.707 5.35e-11 ***
+xmid  1.507403   0.102080  14.767 4.65e-09 ***
+scal  1.062579   0.056996  18.643 3.16e-10 ***
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+Residual standard error: 0.01981 on 12 degrees of freedom
+
+> anova(fm1, fm2)
+Analysis of Variance Table
+
+Model 1: density ~ SSlogis(log(conc), Asym, xmid, scal)
+Model 2: density ~ SSfpl(log(conc), A, B, xmid, scal)
+  Res.Df Res.Sum Sq Df     Sum Sq F value Pr(>F)
+1     13  0.0047896                             
+2     12  0.0047073  1 8.2314e-05  0.2098 0.6551
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("Formaldehyde")
+> ### * Formaldehyde
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: Formaldehyde
+> ### Title: Determination of Formaldehyde
+> ### Aliases: Formaldehyde
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> plot(optden ~ carb, data = Formaldehyde,
++      xlab = "Carbohydrate (ml)", ylab = "Optical Density",
++      main = "Formaldehyde data", col = 4, las = 1)
+> abline(fm1 <- lm(optden ~ carb, data = Formaldehyde))
+> summary(fm1)
+
+Call:
+lm(formula = optden ~ carb, data = Formaldehyde)
+
+Residuals:
+        1         2         3         4         5         6 
+-0.006714  0.001029  0.002771  0.007143  0.007514 -0.011743 
+
+Coefficients:
+            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
+(Intercept) 0.005086   0.007834   0.649    0.552    
+carb        0.876286   0.013535  64.744 3.41e-07 ***
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+Residual standard error: 0.008649 on 4 degrees of freedom
+Multiple R-squared:  0.999,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.9988 
+F-statistic:  4192 on 1 and 4 DF,  p-value: 3.409e-07
+
+> opar <- par(mfrow = c(2, 2), oma = c(0, 0, 1.1, 0))
+> plot(fm1)
+> par(opar)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("HairEyeColor")
+> ### * HairEyeColor
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: HairEyeColor
+> ### Title: Hair and Eye Color of Statistics Students
+> ### Aliases: HairEyeColor
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> ## Full mosaic
+> mosaicplot(HairEyeColor)
+> ## Aggregate over sex (as in Snee's original data)
+> x <- apply(HairEyeColor, c(1, 2), sum)
+> x
+       Eye
+Hair    Brown Blue Hazel Green
+  Black    68   20    15     5
+  Brown   119   84    54    29
+  Red      26   17    14    14
+  Blond     7   94    10    16
+> mosaicplot(x, main = "Relation between hair and eye color")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("Harman23.cor")
+> ### * Harman23.cor
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: Harman23.cor
+> ### Title: Harman Example 2.3
+> ### Aliases: Harman23.cor
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats)
+> (Harman23.FA <- factanal(factors = 1, covmat = Harman23.cor))
+
+Call:
+factanal(factors = 1, covmat = Harman23.cor)
+
+Uniquenesses:
+        height       arm.span        forearm      lower.leg         weight 
+         0.158          0.135          0.190          0.187          0.760 
+bitro.diameter    chest.girth    chest.width 
+         0.829          0.877          0.801 
+
+Loadings:
+               Factor1
+height         0.918  
+arm.span       0.930  
+forearm        0.900  
+lower.leg      0.902  
+weight         0.490  
+bitro.diameter 0.413  
+chest.girth    0.351  
+chest.width    0.446  
+
+               Factor1
+SS loadings      4.064
+Proportion Var   0.508
+
+Test of the hypothesis that 1 factor is sufficient.
+The chi square statistic is 611.44 on 20 degrees of freedom.
+The p-value is 1.12e-116 
+> for(factors in 2:4) print(update(Harman23.FA, factors = factors))
+
+Call:
+factanal(factors = factors, covmat = Harman23.cor)
+
+Uniquenesses:
+        height       arm.span        forearm      lower.leg         weight 
+         0.170          0.107          0.166          0.199          0.089 
+bitro.diameter    chest.girth    chest.width 
+         0.364          0.416          0.537 
+
+Loadings:
+               Factor1 Factor2
+height         0.865   0.287  
+arm.span       0.927   0.181  
+forearm        0.895   0.179  
+lower.leg      0.859   0.252  
+weight         0.233   0.925  
+bitro.diameter 0.194   0.774  
+chest.girth    0.134   0.752  
+chest.width    0.278   0.621  
+
+               Factor1 Factor2
+SS loadings      3.335   2.617
+Proportion Var   0.417   0.327
+Cumulative Var   0.417   0.744
+
+Test of the hypothesis that 2 factors are sufficient.
+The chi square statistic is 75.74 on 13 degrees of freedom.
+The p-value is 6.94e-11 
+
+Call:
+factanal(factors = factors, covmat = Harman23.cor)
+
+Uniquenesses:
+        height       arm.span        forearm      lower.leg         weight 
+         0.127          0.005          0.193          0.157          0.090 
+bitro.diameter    chest.girth    chest.width 
+         0.359          0.411          0.490 
+
+Loadings:
+               Factor1 Factor2 Factor3
+height          0.886   0.267  -0.130 
+arm.span        0.937   0.195   0.280 
+forearm         0.874   0.188         
+lower.leg       0.877   0.230  -0.145 
+weight          0.242   0.916  -0.106 
+bitro.diameter  0.193   0.777         
+chest.girth     0.137   0.755         
+chest.width     0.261   0.646   0.159 
+
+               Factor1 Factor2 Factor3
+SS loadings      3.379   2.628   0.162
+Proportion Var   0.422   0.329   0.020
+Cumulative Var   0.422   0.751   0.771
+
+Test of the hypothesis that 3 factors are sufficient.
+The chi square statistic is 22.81 on 7 degrees of freedom.
+The p-value is 0.00184 
+
+Call:
+factanal(factors = factors, covmat = Harman23.cor)
+
+Uniquenesses:
+        height       arm.span        forearm      lower.leg         weight 
+         0.137          0.005          0.191          0.116          0.138 
+bitro.diameter    chest.girth    chest.width 
+         0.283          0.178          0.488 
+
+Loadings:
+               Factor1 Factor2 Factor3 Factor4
+height          0.879   0.277          -0.115 
+arm.span        0.937   0.194           0.277 
+forearm         0.875   0.191                 
+lower.leg       0.887   0.209   0.135  -0.188 
+weight          0.246   0.882   0.111  -0.109 
+bitro.diameter  0.187   0.822                 
+chest.girth     0.117   0.729   0.526         
+chest.width     0.263   0.644           0.141 
+
+               Factor1 Factor2 Factor3 Factor4
+SS loadings      3.382   2.595   0.323   0.165
+Proportion Var   0.423   0.324   0.040   0.021
+Cumulative Var   0.423   0.747   0.787   0.808
+
+Test of the hypothesis that 4 factors are sufficient.
+The chi square statistic is 4.63 on 2 degrees of freedom.
+The p-value is 0.0988 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("Harman74.cor")
+> ### * Harman74.cor
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: Harman74.cor
+> ### Title: Harman Example 7.4
+> ### Aliases: Harman74.cor
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats)
+> (Harman74.FA <- factanal(factors = 1, covmat = Harman74.cor))
+
+Call:
+factanal(factors = 1, covmat = Harman74.cor)
+
+Uniquenesses:
+      VisualPerception                  Cubes         PaperFormBoard 
+                 0.677                  0.866                  0.830 
+                 Flags     GeneralInformation  PargraphComprehension 
+                 0.768                  0.487                  0.491 
+    SentenceCompletion     WordClassification            WordMeaning 
+                 0.500                  0.514                  0.474 
+              Addition                   Code           CountingDots 
+                 0.818                  0.731                  0.824 
+StraightCurvedCapitals        WordRecognition      NumberRecognition 
+                 0.681                  0.833                  0.863 
+     FigureRecognition           ObjectNumber           NumberFigure 
+                 0.775                  0.812                  0.778 
+            FigureWord              Deduction       NumericalPuzzles 
+                 0.816                  0.612                  0.676 
+      ProblemReasoning       SeriesCompletion     ArithmeticProblems 
+                 0.619                  0.524                  0.593 
+
+Loadings:
+                       Factor1
+VisualPerception       0.569  
+Cubes                  0.366  
+PaperFormBoard         0.412  
+Flags                  0.482  
+GeneralInformation     0.716  
+PargraphComprehension  0.713  
+SentenceCompletion     0.707  
+WordClassification     0.697  
+WordMeaning            0.725  
+Addition               0.426  
+Code                   0.519  
+CountingDots           0.419  
+StraightCurvedCapitals 0.565  
+WordRecognition        0.408  
+NumberRecognition      0.370  
+FigureRecognition      0.474  
+ObjectNumber           0.434  
+NumberFigure           0.471  
+FigureWord             0.429  
+Deduction              0.623  
+NumericalPuzzles       0.569  
+ProblemReasoning       0.617  
+SeriesCompletion       0.690  
+ArithmeticProblems     0.638  
+
+               Factor1
+SS loadings      7.438
+Proportion Var   0.310
+
+Test of the hypothesis that 1 factor is sufficient.
+The chi square statistic is 622.91 on 252 degrees of freedom.
+The p-value is 2.28e-33 
+> for(factors in 2:5) print(update(Harman74.FA, factors = factors))
+
+Call:
+factanal(factors = factors, covmat = Harman74.cor)
+
+Uniquenesses:
+      VisualPerception                  Cubes         PaperFormBoard 
+                 0.650                  0.864                  0.844 
+                 Flags     GeneralInformation  PargraphComprehension 
+                 0.778                  0.375                  0.316 
+    SentenceCompletion     WordClassification            WordMeaning 
+                 0.319                  0.503                  0.258 
+              Addition                   Code           CountingDots 
+                 0.670                  0.608                  0.581 
+StraightCurvedCapitals        WordRecognition      NumberRecognition 
+                 0.567                  0.832                  0.850 
+     FigureRecognition           ObjectNumber           NumberFigure 
+                 0.743                  0.770                  0.625 
+            FigureWord              Deduction       NumericalPuzzles 
+                 0.792                  0.629                  0.579 
+      ProblemReasoning       SeriesCompletion     ArithmeticProblems 
+                 0.634                  0.539                  0.553 
+
+Loadings:
+                       Factor1 Factor2
+VisualPerception       0.506   0.306  
+Cubes                  0.304   0.209  
+PaperFormBoard         0.297   0.260  
+Flags                  0.327   0.339  
+GeneralInformation     0.240   0.753  
+PargraphComprehension  0.171   0.809  
+SentenceCompletion     0.163   0.809  
+WordClassification     0.344   0.615  
+WordMeaning            0.148   0.849  
+Addition               0.563   0.115  
+Code                   0.591   0.207  
+CountingDots           0.647          
+StraightCurvedCapitals 0.612   0.241  
+WordRecognition        0.315   0.263  
+NumberRecognition      0.328   0.205  
+FigureRecognition      0.457   0.218  
+ObjectNumber           0.431   0.209  
+NumberFigure           0.601   0.116  
+FigureWord             0.399   0.222  
+Deduction              0.379   0.477  
+NumericalPuzzles       0.604   0.237  
+ProblemReasoning       0.390   0.462  
+SeriesCompletion       0.486   0.474  
+ArithmeticProblems     0.544   0.389  
+
+               Factor1 Factor2
+SS loadings      4.573   4.548
+Proportion Var   0.191   0.190
+Cumulative Var   0.191   0.380
+
+Test of the hypothesis that 2 factors are sufficient.
+The chi square statistic is 420.24 on 229 degrees of freedom.
+The p-value is 2.01e-13 
+
+Call:
+factanal(factors = factors, covmat = Harman74.cor)
+
+Uniquenesses:
+      VisualPerception                  Cubes         PaperFormBoard 
+                 0.500                  0.793                  0.662 
+                 Flags     GeneralInformation  PargraphComprehension 
+                 0.694                  0.352                  0.316 
+    SentenceCompletion     WordClassification            WordMeaning 
+                 0.300                  0.502                  0.256 
+              Addition                   Code           CountingDots 
+                 0.200                  0.586                  0.494 
+StraightCurvedCapitals        WordRecognition      NumberRecognition 
+                 0.569                  0.838                  0.848 
+     FigureRecognition           ObjectNumber           NumberFigure 
+                 0.643                  0.780                  0.635 
+            FigureWord              Deduction       NumericalPuzzles 
+                 0.788                  0.590                  0.580 
+      ProblemReasoning       SeriesCompletion     ArithmeticProblems 
+                 0.597                  0.498                  0.500 
+
+Loadings:
+                       Factor1 Factor2 Factor3
+VisualPerception        0.176   0.656   0.198 
+Cubes                   0.122   0.428         
+PaperFormBoard          0.145   0.563         
+Flags                   0.239   0.487   0.107 
+GeneralInformation      0.745   0.191   0.237 
+PargraphComprehension   0.780   0.249   0.118 
+SentenceCompletion      0.802   0.175   0.160 
+WordClassification      0.571   0.327   0.256 
+WordMeaning             0.821   0.248         
+Addition                0.162  -0.118   0.871 
+Code                    0.198   0.219   0.572 
+CountingDots                    0.179   0.688 
+StraightCurvedCapitals  0.190   0.381   0.499 
+WordRecognition         0.231   0.253   0.210 
+NumberRecognition       0.158   0.299   0.195 
+FigureRecognition       0.108   0.557   0.186 
+ObjectNumber            0.178   0.267   0.342 
+NumberFigure                    0.427   0.424 
+FigureWord              0.167   0.355   0.240 
+Deduction               0.392   0.472   0.181 
+NumericalPuzzles        0.178   0.406   0.473 
+ProblemReasoning        0.382   0.473   0.182 
+SeriesCompletion        0.379   0.528   0.283 
+ArithmeticProblems      0.377   0.226   0.554 
+
+               Factor1 Factor2 Factor3
+SS loadings      3.802   3.488   3.186
+Proportion Var   0.158   0.145   0.133
+Cumulative Var   0.158   0.304   0.436
+
+Test of the hypothesis that 3 factors are sufficient.
+The chi square statistic is 295.59 on 207 degrees of freedom.
+The p-value is 5.12e-05 
+
+Call:
+factanal(factors = factors, covmat = Harman74.cor)
+
+Uniquenesses:
+      VisualPerception                  Cubes         PaperFormBoard 
+                 0.438                  0.780                  0.644 
+                 Flags     GeneralInformation  PargraphComprehension 
+                 0.651                  0.352                  0.312 
+    SentenceCompletion     WordClassification            WordMeaning 
+                 0.283                  0.485                  0.257 
+              Addition                   Code           CountingDots 
+                 0.240                  0.551                  0.435 
+StraightCurvedCapitals        WordRecognition      NumberRecognition 
+                 0.491                  0.646                  0.696 
+     FigureRecognition           ObjectNumber           NumberFigure 
+                 0.549                  0.598                  0.593 
+            FigureWord              Deduction       NumericalPuzzles 
+                 0.762                  0.592                  0.583 
+      ProblemReasoning       SeriesCompletion     ArithmeticProblems 
+                 0.601                  0.497                  0.500 
+
+Loadings:
+                       Factor1 Factor2 Factor3 Factor4
+VisualPerception        0.160   0.689   0.187   0.160 
+Cubes                   0.117   0.436                 
+PaperFormBoard          0.137   0.570           0.110 
+Flags                   0.233   0.527                 
+GeneralInformation      0.739   0.185   0.213   0.150 
+PargraphComprehension   0.767   0.205           0.233 
+SentenceCompletion      0.806   0.197   0.153         
+WordClassification      0.569   0.339   0.242   0.132 
+WordMeaning             0.806   0.201           0.227 
+Addition                0.167  -0.118   0.831   0.166 
+Code                    0.180   0.120   0.512   0.374 
+CountingDots                    0.210   0.716         
+StraightCurvedCapitals  0.188   0.438   0.525         
+WordRecognition         0.197                   0.553 
+NumberRecognition       0.122   0.116           0.520 
+FigureRecognition               0.408           0.525 
+ObjectNumber            0.142           0.219   0.574 
+NumberFigure                    0.293   0.336   0.456 
+FigureWord              0.148   0.239   0.161   0.365 
+Deduction               0.378   0.402   0.118   0.301 
+NumericalPuzzles        0.175   0.381   0.438   0.223 
+ProblemReasoning        0.366   0.399   0.123   0.301 
+SeriesCompletion        0.369   0.500   0.244   0.239 
+ArithmeticProblems      0.370   0.158   0.496   0.304 
+
+               Factor1 Factor2 Factor3 Factor4
+SS loadings      3.647   2.872   2.657   2.290
+Proportion Var   0.152   0.120   0.111   0.095
+Cumulative Var   0.152   0.272   0.382   0.478
+
+Test of the hypothesis that 4 factors are sufficient.
+The chi square statistic is 226.68 on 186 degrees of freedom.
+The p-value is 0.0224 
+
+Call:
+factanal(factors = factors, covmat = Harman74.cor)
+
+Uniquenesses:
+      VisualPerception                  Cubes         PaperFormBoard 
+                 0.450                  0.781                  0.639 
+                 Flags     GeneralInformation  PargraphComprehension 
+                 0.649                  0.357                  0.288 
+    SentenceCompletion     WordClassification            WordMeaning 
+                 0.277                  0.485                  0.262 
+              Addition                   Code           CountingDots 
+                 0.215                  0.386                  0.444 
+StraightCurvedCapitals        WordRecognition      NumberRecognition 
+                 0.256                  0.639                  0.706 
+     FigureRecognition           ObjectNumber           NumberFigure 
+                 0.550                  0.614                  0.596 
+            FigureWord              Deduction       NumericalPuzzles 
+                 0.764                  0.521                  0.564 
+      ProblemReasoning       SeriesCompletion     ArithmeticProblems 
+                 0.580                  0.442                  0.478 
+
+Loadings:
+                       Factor1 Factor2 Factor3 Factor4 Factor5
+VisualPerception        0.161   0.658   0.136   0.182   0.199 
+Cubes                   0.113   0.435           0.107         
+PaperFormBoard          0.135   0.562           0.107   0.116 
+Flags                   0.231   0.533                         
+GeneralInformation      0.736   0.188   0.192   0.162         
+PargraphComprehension   0.775   0.187           0.251   0.113 
+SentenceCompletion      0.809   0.208   0.136                 
+WordClassification      0.568   0.348   0.223   0.131         
+WordMeaning             0.800   0.215           0.224         
+Addition                0.175  -0.100   0.844   0.176         
+Code                    0.185           0.438   0.451   0.426 
+CountingDots                    0.222   0.690   0.101   0.140 
+StraightCurvedCapitals  0.186   0.425   0.458           0.559 
+WordRecognition         0.197                   0.557         
+NumberRecognition       0.121   0.130           0.508         
+FigureRecognition               0.400           0.529         
+ObjectNumber            0.145           0.208   0.562         
+NumberFigure                    0.306   0.325   0.452         
+FigureWord              0.147   0.242   0.145   0.364         
+Deduction               0.370   0.452   0.139   0.287  -0.190 
+NumericalPuzzles        0.170   0.402   0.439   0.230         
+ProblemReasoning        0.358   0.423   0.126   0.302         
+SeriesCompletion        0.360   0.549   0.256   0.223  -0.107 
+ArithmeticProblems      0.371   0.185   0.502   0.307         
+
+               Factor1 Factor2 Factor3 Factor4 Factor5
+SS loadings      3.632   2.964   2.456   2.345   0.663
+Proportion Var   0.151   0.124   0.102   0.098   0.028
+Cumulative Var   0.151   0.275   0.377   0.475   0.503
+
+Test of the hypothesis that 5 factors are sufficient.
+The chi square statistic is 186.82 on 166 degrees of freedom.
+The p-value is 0.128 
+> Harman74.FA <- factanal(factors = 5, covmat = Harman74.cor,
++                         rotation = "promax")
+> print(Harman74.FA$loadings, sort = TRUE)
+
+Loadings:
+                       Factor1 Factor2 Factor3 Factor4 Factor5
+VisualPerception        0.831          -0.127           0.230 
+Cubes                   0.534                                 
+PaperFormBoard          0.736          -0.290           0.136 
+Flags                   0.647                  -0.104         
+SeriesCompletion        0.555   0.126   0.127                 
+GeneralInformation              0.764                         
+PargraphComprehension           0.845  -0.140   0.140         
+SentenceCompletion              0.872          -0.140         
+WordClassification      0.277   0.505   0.104                 
+WordMeaning                     0.846  -0.108                 
+Addition               -0.334           1.012                 
+CountingDots            0.206  -0.200   0.722           0.185 
+ArithmeticProblems              0.197   0.500   0.139         
+WordRecognition        -0.126   0.127  -0.103   0.657         
+NumberRecognition                               0.568         
+FigureRecognition       0.399  -0.142  -0.207   0.562         
+ObjectNumber           -0.108           0.107   0.613         
+StraightCurvedCapitals  0.542           0.247           0.618 
+Code                            0.112   0.288   0.486   0.424 
+NumberFigure            0.255  -0.230   0.211   0.413         
+FigureWord              0.187                   0.347         
+Deduction               0.404   0.169           0.117  -0.203 
+NumericalPuzzles        0.393           0.368                 
+ProblemReasoning        0.381   0.188           0.169         
+
+               Factor1 Factor2 Factor3 Factor4 Factor5
+SS loadings      3.529   3.311   2.367   2.109   0.762
+Proportion Var   0.147   0.138   0.099   0.088   0.032
+Cumulative Var   0.147   0.285   0.384   0.471   0.503
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("InsectSprays")
+> ### * InsectSprays
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: InsectSprays
+> ### Title: Effectiveness of Insect Sprays
+> ### Aliases: InsectSprays
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> boxplot(count ~ spray, data = InsectSprays,
++         xlab = "Type of spray", ylab = "Insect count",
++         main = "InsectSprays data", varwidth = TRUE, col = "lightgray")
+> fm1 <- aov(count ~ spray, data = InsectSprays)
+> summary(fm1)
+            Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
+spray        5   2669   533.8    34.7 <2e-16 ***
+Residuals   66   1015    15.4                   
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+> opar <- par(mfrow = c(2, 2), oma = c(0, 0, 1.1, 0))
+> plot(fm1)
+> fm2 <- aov(sqrt(count) ~ spray, data = InsectSprays)
+> summary(fm2)
+            Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
+spray        5  88.44  17.688    44.8 <2e-16 ***
+Residuals   66  26.06   0.395                   
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+> plot(fm2)
+> par(opar)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("JohnsonJohnson")
+> ### * JohnsonJohnson
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: JohnsonJohnson
+> ### Title: Quarterly Earnings per Johnson & Johnson Share
+> ### Aliases: JohnsonJohnson
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("LifeCycleSavings")
+> ### * LifeCycleSavings
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: LifeCycleSavings
+> ### Title: Intercountry Life-Cycle Savings Data
+> ### Aliases: LifeCycleSavings
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> pairs(LifeCycleSavings, panel = panel.smooth,
++       main = "LifeCycleSavings data")
+> fm1 <- lm(sr ~ pop15 + pop75 + dpi + ddpi, data = LifeCycleSavings)
+> summary(fm1)
+
+Call:
+lm(formula = sr ~ pop15 + pop75 + dpi + ddpi, data = LifeCycleSavings)
+
+Residuals:
+    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
+-8.2422 -2.6857 -0.2488  2.4280  9.7509 
+
+Coefficients:
+              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
+(Intercept) 28.5660865  7.3545161   3.884 0.000334 ***
+pop15       -0.4611931  0.1446422  -3.189 0.002603 ** 
+pop75       -1.6914977  1.0835989  -1.561 0.125530    
+dpi         -0.0003369  0.0009311  -0.362 0.719173    
+ddpi         0.4096949  0.1961971   2.088 0.042471 *  
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+Residual standard error: 3.803 on 45 degrees of freedom
+Multiple R-squared:  0.3385,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.2797 
+F-statistic: 5.756 on 4 and 45 DF,  p-value: 0.0007904
+
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("Loblolly")
+> ### * Loblolly
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: Loblolly
+> ### Title: Growth of Loblolly pine trees
+> ### Aliases: Loblolly
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> plot(height ~ age, data = Loblolly, subset = Seed == 329,
++      xlab = "Tree age (yr)", las = 1,
++      ylab = "Tree height (ft)",
++      main = "Loblolly data and fitted curve (Seed 329 only)")
+> fm1 <- nls(height ~ SSasymp(age, Asym, R0, lrc),
++            data = Loblolly, subset = Seed == 329)
+> age <- seq(0, 30, length.out = 101)
+> lines(age, predict(fm1, list(age = age)))
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("Nile")
+> ### * Nile
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: Nile
+> ### Title: Flow of the River Nile
+> ### Aliases: Nile
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> par(mfrow = c(2, 2))
+> plot(Nile)
+> acf(Nile)
+> pacf(Nile)
+> ar(Nile) # selects order 2
+
+Call:
+ar(x = Nile)
+
+Coefficients:
+     1       2  
+0.4081  0.1812  
+
+Order selected 2  sigma^2 estimated as  21247
+> cpgram(ar(Nile)$resid)
+> par(mfrow = c(1, 1))
+> arima(Nile, c(2, 0, 0))
+
+Call:
+arima(x = Nile, order = c(2, 0, 0))
+
+Coefficients:
+         ar1     ar2  intercept
+      0.4096  0.1987   919.8397
+s.e.  0.0974  0.0990    35.6410
+
+sigma^2 estimated as 20291:  log likelihood = -637.98,  aic = 1283.96
+> 
+> ## Now consider missing values, following Durbin & Koopman
+> NileNA <- Nile
+> NileNA[c(21:40, 61:80)] <- NA
+> arima(NileNA, c(2, 0, 0))
+
+Call:
+arima(x = NileNA, order = c(2, 0, 0))
+
+Coefficients:
+         ar1     ar2  intercept
+      0.3622  0.1678   918.3103
+s.e.  0.1273  0.1323    39.5037
+
+sigma^2 estimated as 23676:  log likelihood = -387.7,  aic = 783.41
+> plot(NileNA)
+> pred <-
++    predict(arima(window(NileNA, 1871, 1890), c(2, 0, 0)), n.ahead = 20)
+> lines(pred$pred, lty = 3, col = "red")
+> lines(pred$pred + 2*pred$se, lty = 2, col = "blue")
+> lines(pred$pred - 2*pred$se, lty = 2, col = "blue")
+> pred <-
++    predict(arima(window(NileNA, 1871, 1930), c(2, 0, 0)), n.ahead = 20)
+> lines(pred$pred, lty = 3, col = "red")
+> lines(pred$pred + 2*pred$se, lty = 2, col = "blue")
+> lines(pred$pred - 2*pred$se, lty = 2, col = "blue")
+> 
+> ## Structural time series models
+> par(mfrow = c(3, 1))
+> plot(Nile)
+> ## local level model
+> (fit <- StructTS(Nile, type = "level"))
+
+Call:
+StructTS(x = Nile, type = "level")
+
+Variances:
+  level  epsilon  
+   1469    15099  
+> lines(fitted(fit), lty = 2)              # contemporaneous smoothing
+> lines(tsSmooth(fit), lty = 2, col = 4)   # fixed-interval smoothing
+> plot(residuals(fit)); abline(h = 0, lty = 3)
+> ## local trend model
+> (fit2 <- StructTS(Nile, type = "trend")) ## constant trend fitted
+
+Call:
+StructTS(x = Nile, type = "trend")
+
+Variances:
+  level    slope  epsilon  
+   1427        0    15047  
+> pred <- predict(fit, n.ahead = 30)
+> ## with 50% confidence interval
+> ts.plot(Nile, pred$pred,
++         pred$pred + 0.67*pred$se, pred$pred -0.67*pred$se)
+> 
+> ## Now consider missing values
+> plot(NileNA)
+> (fit3 <- StructTS(NileNA, type = "level"))
+
+Call:
+StructTS(x = NileNA, type = "level")
+
+Variances:
+  level  epsilon  
+  685.8  17899.8  
+> lines(fitted(fit3), lty = 2)
+> lines(tsSmooth(fit3), lty = 3)
+> plot(residuals(fit3)); abline(h = 0, lty = 3)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("Orange")
+> ### * Orange
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: Orange
+> ### Title: Growth of Orange Trees
+> ### Aliases: Orange
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> coplot(circumference ~ age | Tree, data = Orange, show.given = FALSE)
+> fm1 <- nls(circumference ~ SSlogis(age, Asym, xmid, scal),
++            data = Orange, subset = Tree == 3)
+> plot(circumference ~ age, data = Orange, subset = Tree == 3,
++      xlab = "Tree age (days since 1968/12/31)",
++      ylab = "Tree circumference (mm)", las = 1,
++      main = "Orange tree data and fitted model (Tree 3 only)")
+> age <- seq(0, 1600, length.out = 101)
+> lines(age, predict(fm1, list(age = age)))
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("OrchardSprays")
+> ### * OrchardSprays
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: OrchardSprays
+> ### Title: Potency of Orchard Sprays
+> ### Aliases: OrchardSprays
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> pairs(OrchardSprays, main = "OrchardSprays data")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("PlantGrowth")
+> ### * PlantGrowth
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: PlantGrowth
+> ### Title: Results from an Experiment on Plant Growth
+> ### Aliases: PlantGrowth
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> ## One factor ANOVA example from Dobson's book, cf. Table 7.4:
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> boxplot(weight ~ group, data = PlantGrowth, main = "PlantGrowth data",
++         ylab = "Dried weight of plants", col = "lightgray",
++         notch = TRUE, varwidth = TRUE)
+Warning in (function (z, notch = FALSE, width = NULL, varwidth = FALSE,  :
+  some notches went outside hinges ('box'): maybe set notch=FALSE
+> anova(lm(weight ~ group, data = PlantGrowth))
+Analysis of Variance Table
+
+Response: weight
+          Df  Sum Sq Mean Sq F value  Pr(>F)  
+group      2  3.7663  1.8832  4.8461 0.01591 *
+Residuals 27 10.4921  0.3886                  
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("Puromycin")
+> ### * Puromycin
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: Puromycin
+> ### Title: Reaction Velocity of an Enzymatic Reaction
+> ### Aliases: Puromycin
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> ## Don't show: 
+> options(show.nls.convergence=FALSE)
+> ## End(Don't show)
+> plot(rate ~ conc, data = Puromycin, las = 1,
++      xlab = "Substrate concentration (ppm)",
++      ylab = "Reaction velocity (counts/min/min)",
++      pch = as.integer(Puromycin$state),
++      col = as.integer(Puromycin$state),
++      main = "Puromycin data and fitted Michaelis-Menten curves")
+> ## simplest form of fitting the Michaelis-Menten model to these data
+> fm1 <- nls(rate ~ Vm * conc/(K + conc), data = Puromycin,
++            subset = state == "treated",
++            start = c(Vm = 200, K = 0.05))
+> fm2 <- nls(rate ~ Vm * conc/(K + conc), data = Puromycin,
++            subset = state == "untreated",
++            start = c(Vm = 160, K = 0.05))
+> summary(fm1)
+
+Formula: rate ~ Vm * conc/(K + conc)
+
+Parameters:
+    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
+Vm 2.127e+02  6.947e+00  30.615 3.24e-11 ***
+K  6.412e-02  8.281e-03   7.743 1.57e-05 ***
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+Residual standard error: 10.93 on 10 degrees of freedom
+
+> summary(fm2)
+
+Formula: rate ~ Vm * conc/(K + conc)
+
+Parameters:
+    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
+Vm 1.603e+02  6.480e+00  24.734 1.38e-09 ***
+K  4.771e-02  7.782e-03   6.131 0.000173 ***
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+Residual standard error: 9.773 on 9 degrees of freedom
+
+> ## add fitted lines to the plot
+> conc <- seq(0, 1.2, length.out = 101)
+> lines(conc, predict(fm1, list(conc = conc)), lty = 1, col = 1)
+> lines(conc, predict(fm2, list(conc = conc)), lty = 2, col = 2)
+> legend(0.8, 120, levels(Puromycin$state),
++        col = 1:2, lty = 1:2, pch = 1:2)
+> 
+> ## using partial linearity
+> fm3 <- nls(rate ~ conc/(K + conc), data = Puromycin,
++            subset = state == "treated", start = c(K = 0.05),
++            algorithm = "plinear")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("Theoph")
+> ### * Theoph
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: Theoph
+> ### Title: Pharmacokinetics of Theophylline
+> ### Aliases: Theoph
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> ## Don't show: 
+> options(show.nls.convergence=FALSE)
+> ## End(Don't show)
+> coplot(conc ~ Time | Subject, data = Theoph, show.given = FALSE)
+> Theoph.4 <- subset(Theoph, Subject == 4)
+> fm1 <- nls(conc ~ SSfol(Dose, Time, lKe, lKa, lCl),
++            data = Theoph.4)
+> summary(fm1)
+
+Formula: conc ~ SSfol(Dose, Time, lKe, lKa, lCl)
+
+Parameters:
+    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
+lKe  -2.4365     0.2257 -10.797 4.77e-06 ***
+lKa   0.1583     0.2297   0.689     0.51    
+lCl  -3.2861     0.1448 -22.695 1.51e-08 ***
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+Residual standard error: 0.8465 on 8 degrees of freedom
+
+> plot(conc ~ Time, data = Theoph.4,
++      xlab = "Time since drug administration (hr)",
++      ylab = "Theophylline concentration (mg/L)",
++      main = "Observed concentrations and fitted model",
++      sub  = "Theophylline data - Subject 4 only",
++      las = 1, col = 4)
+> xvals <- seq(0, par("usr")[2], length.out = 55)
+> lines(xvals, predict(fm1, newdata = list(Time = xvals)),
++       col = 4)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("Titanic")
+> ### * Titanic
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: Titanic
+> ### Title: Survival of passengers on the Titanic
+> ### Aliases: Titanic
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> mosaicplot(Titanic, main = "Survival on the Titanic")
+> ## Higher survival rates in children?
+> apply(Titanic, c(3, 4), sum)
+       Survived
+Age       No Yes
+  Child   52  57
+  Adult 1438 654
+> ## Higher survival rates in females?
+> apply(Titanic, c(2, 4), sum)
+        Survived
+Sex        No Yes
+  Male   1364 367
+  Female  126 344
+> ## Use loglm() in package 'MASS' for further analysis ...
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("ToothGrowth")
+> ### * ToothGrowth
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: ToothGrowth
+> ### Title: The Effect of Vitamin C on Tooth Growth in Guinea Pigs
+> ### Aliases: ToothGrowth
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> coplot(len ~ dose | supp, data = ToothGrowth, panel = panel.smooth,
++        xlab = "ToothGrowth data: length vs dose, given type of supplement")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("UCBAdmissions")
+> ### * UCBAdmissions
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: UCBAdmissions
+> ### Title: Student Admissions at UC Berkeley
+> ### Aliases: UCBAdmissions
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> ## Data aggregated over departments
+> apply(UCBAdmissions, c(1, 2), sum)
+          Gender
+Admit      Male Female
+  Admitted 1198    557
+  Rejected 1493   1278
+> mosaicplot(apply(UCBAdmissions, c(1, 2), sum),
++            main = "Student admissions at UC Berkeley")
+> ## Data for individual departments
+> opar <- par(mfrow = c(2, 3), oma = c(0, 0, 2, 0))
+> for(i in 1:6)
++   mosaicplot(UCBAdmissions[,,i],
++     xlab = "Admit", ylab = "Sex",
++     main = paste("Department", LETTERS[i]))
+> mtext(expression(bold("Student admissions at UC Berkeley")),
++       outer = TRUE, cex = 1.5)
+> par(opar)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("UKDriverDeaths")
+> ### * UKDriverDeaths
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: UKDriverDeaths
+> ### Title: Road Casualties in Great Britain 1969-84
+> ### Aliases: UKDriverDeaths Seatbelts
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> ## work with pre-seatbelt period to identify a model, use logs
+> work <- window(log10(UKDriverDeaths), end = 1982+11/12)
+> par(mfrow = c(3, 1))
+> plot(work); acf(work); pacf(work)
+> par(mfrow = c(1, 1))
+> (fit <- arima(work, c(1, 0, 0), seasonal = list(order = c(1, 0, 0))))
+
+Call:
+arima(x = work, order = c(1, 0, 0), seasonal = list(order = c(1, 0, 0)))
+
+Coefficients:
+         ar1    sar1  intercept
+      0.4378  0.6281     3.2274
+s.e.  0.0764  0.0637     0.0131
+
+sigma^2 estimated as 0.00157:  log likelihood = 300.85,  aic = -593.7
+> z <- predict(fit, n.ahead = 24)
+> ts.plot(log10(UKDriverDeaths), z$pred, z$pred+2*z$se, z$pred-2*z$se,
++         lty = c(1, 3, 2, 2), col = c("black", "red", "blue", "blue"))
+> 
+> ## now see the effect of the explanatory variables
+> X <- Seatbelts[, c("kms", "PetrolPrice", "law")]
+> X[, 1] <- log10(X[, 1]) - 4
+> arima(log10(Seatbelts[, "drivers"]), c(1, 0, 0),
++       seasonal = list(order = c(1, 0, 0)), xreg = X)
+
+Call:
+arima(x = log10(Seatbelts[, "drivers"]), order = c(1, 0, 0), seasonal = list(order = c(1, 
+    0, 0)), xreg = X)
+
+Coefficients:
+         ar1    sar1  intercept     kms  PetrolPrice      law
+      0.3348  0.6672     3.3539  0.0082      -1.2224  -0.0963
+s.e.  0.0775  0.0612     0.0441  0.0902       0.3839   0.0166
+
+sigma^2 estimated as 0.001476:  log likelihood = 349.73,  aic = -685.46
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("UKLungDeaths")
+> ### * UKLungDeaths
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: UKLungDeaths
+> ### Title: Monthly Deaths from Lung Diseases in the UK
+> ### Aliases: UKLungDeaths ldeaths fdeaths mdeaths
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics) # for time
+> plot(ldeaths)
+> plot(mdeaths, fdeaths)
+> ## Better labels:
+> yr <- floor(tt <- time(mdeaths))
+> plot(mdeaths, fdeaths,
++      xy.labels = paste(month.abb[12*(tt - yr)], yr-1900, sep = "'"))
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("UKgas")
+> ### * UKgas
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: UKgas
+> ### Title: UK Quarterly Gas Consumption
+> ### Aliases: UKgas
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> ## maybe str(UKgas) ; plot(UKgas) ...
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("USArrests")
+> ### * USArrests
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: USArrests
+> ### Title: Violent Crime Rates by US State
+> ### Aliases: USArrests
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> summary(USArrests)
+     Murder          Assault         UrbanPop          Rape      
+ Min.   : 0.800   Min.   : 45.0   Min.   :32.00   Min.   : 7.30  
+ 1st Qu.: 4.075   1st Qu.:109.0   1st Qu.:54.50   1st Qu.:15.07  
+ Median : 7.250   Median :159.0   Median :66.00   Median :20.10  
+ Mean   : 7.788   Mean   :170.8   Mean   :65.54   Mean   :21.23  
+ 3rd Qu.:11.250   3rd Qu.:249.0   3rd Qu.:77.75   3rd Qu.:26.18  
+ Max.   :17.400   Max.   :337.0   Max.   :91.00   Max.   :46.00  
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> pairs(USArrests, panel = panel.smooth, main = "USArrests data")
+> 
+> ## Difference between 'USArrests' and its correction
+> USArrests["Maryland", "UrbanPop"] # 67 -- the transcription error
+[1] 67
+> UA.C <- USArrests
+> UA.C["Maryland", "UrbanPop"] <- 76.6
+> 
+> ## also +/- 0.5 to restore the original  <n>.5  percentages
+> s5u <- c("Colorado", "Florida", "Mississippi", "Wyoming")
+> s5d <- c("Nebraska", "Pennsylvania")
+> UA.C[s5u, "UrbanPop"] <- UA.C[s5u, "UrbanPop"] + 0.5
+> UA.C[s5d, "UrbanPop"] <- UA.C[s5d, "UrbanPop"] - 0.5
+> 
+> ## ==> UA.C  is now a *C*orrected version of  USArrests
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("USJudgeRatings")
+> ### * USJudgeRatings
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: USJudgeRatings
+> ### Title: Lawyers' Ratings of State Judges in the US Superior Court
+> ### Aliases: USJudgeRatings
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> pairs(USJudgeRatings, main = "USJudgeRatings data")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("USPersonalExpenditure")
+> ### * USPersonalExpenditure
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: USPersonalExpenditure
+> ### Title: Personal Expenditure Data
+> ### Aliases: USPersonalExpenditure
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats) # for medpolish
+> USPersonalExpenditure
+                      1940   1945  1950 1955  1960
+Food and Tobacco    22.200 44.500 59.60 73.2 86.80
+Household Operation 10.500 15.500 29.00 36.5 46.20
+Medical and Health   3.530  5.760  9.71 14.0 21.10
+Personal Care        1.040  1.980  2.45  3.4  5.40
+Private Education    0.341  0.974  1.80  2.6  3.64
+> medpolish(log10(USPersonalExpenditure))
+1: 1.126317
+2: 1.032421
+Final: 1.032421
+
+Median Polish Results (Dataset: "log10(USPersonalExpenditure)")
+
+Overall: 0.9872192
+
+Row Effects:
+   Food and Tobacco Household Operation  Medical and Health       Personal Care 
+          0.7880270           0.4327608           0.0000000          -0.5606543 
+  Private Education 
+         -0.7319467 
+
+Column Effects:
+      1940       1945       1950       1955       1960 
+-0.4288933 -0.2267967  0.0000000  0.1423128  0.3058289 
+
+Residuals:
+                         1940       1945      1950      1955      1960
+Food and Tobacco     0.000000  0.0999105  0.000000 -0.053048 -0.142555
+Household Operation  0.030103 -0.0028516  0.042418  0.000000 -0.061167
+Medical and Health  -0.010551  0.0000000  0.000000  0.016596  0.031234
+Personal Care        0.019362  0.0968971 -0.037399 -0.037399  0.000000
+Private Education   -0.293625 -0.0399168  0.000000  0.017388  0.000000
+
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("VADeaths")
+> ### * VADeaths
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: VADeaths
+> ### Title: Death Rates in Virginia (1940)
+> ### Aliases: VADeaths
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> n <- length(dr <- c(VADeaths))
+> nam <- names(VADeaths)
+> d.VAD <- data.frame(
++  Drate = dr,
++  age = rep(ordered(rownames(VADeaths)), length.out = n),
++  gender = gl(2, 5, n, labels = c("M", "F")),
++  site =  gl(2, 10, labels = c("rural", "urban")))
+> coplot(Drate ~ as.numeric(age) | gender * site, data = d.VAD,
++        panel = panel.smooth, xlab = "VADeaths data - Given: gender")
+> summary(aov.VAD <- aov(Drate ~ .^2, data = d.VAD))
+            Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)    
+age          4   6288  1572.1 590.858 8.55e-06 ***
+gender       1    648   647.5 243.361 9.86e-05 ***
+site         1     77    76.8  28.876  0.00579 ** 
+age:gender   4     86    21.6   8.100  0.03358 *  
+age:site     4     43    10.6   3.996  0.10414    
+gender:site  1     73    73.0  27.422  0.00636 ** 
+Residuals    4     11     2.7                     
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+> opar <- par(mfrow = c(2, 2), oma = c(0, 0, 1.1, 0))
+> plot(aov.VAD)
+> par(opar)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("WWWusage")
+> ### * WWWusage
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: WWWusage
+> ### Title: Internet Usage per Minute
+> ### Aliases: WWWusage
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> work <- diff(WWWusage)
+> par(mfrow = c(2, 1)); plot(WWWusage); plot(work)
+> ## Not run: 
+> ##D require(stats)
+> ##D aics <- matrix(, 6, 6, dimnames = list(p = 0:5, q = 0:5))
+> ##D for(q in 1:5) aics[1, 1+q] <- arima(WWWusage, c(0, 1, q),
+> ##D     optim.control = list(maxit = 500))$aic
+> ##D for(p in 1:5)
+> ##D    for(q in 0:5) aics[1+p, 1+q] <- arima(WWWusage, c(p, 1, q),
+> ##D        optim.control = list(maxit = 500))$aic
+> ##D round(aics - min(aics, na.rm = TRUE), 2)
+> ## End(Not run)
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("WorldPhones")
+> ### * WorldPhones
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: WorldPhones
+> ### Title: The World's Telephones
+> ### Aliases: WorldPhones
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> matplot(rownames(WorldPhones), WorldPhones, type = "b", log = "y",
++         xlab = "Year", ylab = "Number of telephones (1000's)")
+> legend(1951.5, 80000, colnames(WorldPhones), col = 1:6, lty = 1:5,
++        pch = rep(21, 7))
+> title(main = "World phones data: log scale for response")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("ability.cov")
+> ### * ability.cov
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: ability.cov
+> ### Title: Ability and Intelligence Tests
+> ### Aliases: ability.cov
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("airmiles")
+> ### * airmiles
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: airmiles
+> ### Title: Passenger Miles on Commercial US Airlines, 1937-1960
+> ### Aliases: airmiles
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> plot(airmiles, main = "airmiles data",
++      xlab = "Passenger-miles flown by U.S. commercial airlines", col = 4)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("airquality")
+> ### * airquality
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: airquality
+> ### Title: New York Air Quality Measurements
+> ### Aliases: airquality
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> pairs(airquality, panel = panel.smooth, main = "airquality data")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("anscombe")
+> ### * anscombe
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: anscombe
+> ### Title: Anscombe's Quartet of 'Identical' Simple Linear Regressions
+> ### Aliases: anscombe
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> summary(anscombe)
+       x1             x2             x3             x4           y1        
+ Min.   : 4.0   Min.   : 4.0   Min.   : 4.0   Min.   : 8   Min.   : 4.260  
+ 1st Qu.: 6.5   1st Qu.: 6.5   1st Qu.: 6.5   1st Qu.: 8   1st Qu.: 6.315  
+ Median : 9.0   Median : 9.0   Median : 9.0   Median : 8   Median : 7.580  
+ Mean   : 9.0   Mean   : 9.0   Mean   : 9.0   Mean   : 9   Mean   : 7.501  
+ 3rd Qu.:11.5   3rd Qu.:11.5   3rd Qu.:11.5   3rd Qu.: 8   3rd Qu.: 8.570  
+ Max.   :14.0   Max.   :14.0   Max.   :14.0   Max.   :19   Max.   :10.840  
+       y2              y3              y4        
+ Min.   :3.100   Min.   : 5.39   Min.   : 5.250  
+ 1st Qu.:6.695   1st Qu.: 6.25   1st Qu.: 6.170  
+ Median :8.140   Median : 7.11   Median : 7.040  
+ Mean   :7.501   Mean   : 7.50   Mean   : 7.501  
+ 3rd Qu.:8.950   3rd Qu.: 7.98   3rd Qu.: 8.190  
+ Max.   :9.260   Max.   :12.74   Max.   :12.500  
+> 
+> ##-- now some "magic" to do the 4 regressions in a loop:
+> ff <- y ~ x
+> mods <- setNames(as.list(1:4), paste0("lm", 1:4))
+> for(i in 1:4) {
++   ff[2:3] <- lapply(paste0(c("y","x"), i), as.name)
++   ## or   ff[[2]] <- as.name(paste0("y", i))
++   ##      ff[[3]] <- as.name(paste0("x", i))
++   mods[[i]] <- lmi <- lm(ff, data = anscombe)
++   print(anova(lmi))
++ }
+Analysis of Variance Table
+
+Response: y1
+          Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value  Pr(>F)   
+x1         1 27.510 27.5100   17.99 0.00217 **
+Residuals  9 13.763  1.5292                   
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+Analysis of Variance Table
+
+Response: y2
+          Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)   
+x2         1 27.500 27.5000  17.966 0.002179 **
+Residuals  9 13.776  1.5307                    
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+Analysis of Variance Table
+
+Response: y3
+          Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)   
+x3         1 27.470 27.4700  17.972 0.002176 **
+Residuals  9 13.756  1.5285                    
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+Analysis of Variance Table
+
+Response: y4
+          Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)   
+x4         1 27.490 27.4900  18.003 0.002165 **
+Residuals  9 13.742  1.5269                    
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+> 
+> ## See how close they are (numerically!)
+> sapply(mods, coef)
+                  lm1      lm2       lm3       lm4
+(Intercept) 3.0000909 3.000909 3.0024545 3.0017273
+x1          0.5000909 0.500000 0.4997273 0.4999091
+> lapply(mods, function(fm) coef(summary(fm)))
+$lm1
+             Estimate Std. Error  t value    Pr(>|t|)
+(Intercept) 3.0000909  1.1247468 2.667348 0.025734051
+x1          0.5000909  0.1179055 4.241455 0.002169629
+
+$lm2
+            Estimate Std. Error  t value    Pr(>|t|)
+(Intercept) 3.000909  1.1253024 2.666758 0.025758941
+x2          0.500000  0.1179637 4.238590 0.002178816
+
+$lm3
+             Estimate Std. Error  t value    Pr(>|t|)
+(Intercept) 3.0024545  1.1244812 2.670080 0.025619109
+x3          0.4997273  0.1178777 4.239372 0.002176305
+
+$lm4
+             Estimate Std. Error  t value    Pr(>|t|)
+(Intercept) 3.0017273  1.1239211 2.670763 0.025590425
+x4          0.4999091  0.1178189 4.243028 0.002164602
+
+> 
+> ## Now, do what you should have done in the first place: PLOTS
+> op <- par(mfrow = c(2, 2), mar = 0.1+c(4,4,1,1), oma =  c(0, 0, 2, 0))
+> for(i in 1:4) {
++   ff[2:3] <- lapply(paste0(c("y","x"), i), as.name)
++   plot(ff, data = anscombe, col = "red", pch = 21, bg = "orange", cex = 1.2,
++        xlim = c(3, 19), ylim = c(3, 13))
++   abline(mods[[i]], col = "blue")
++ }
+> mtext("Anscombe's 4 Regression data sets", outer = TRUE, cex = 1.5)
+> par(op)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("attenu")
+> ### * attenu
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: attenu
+> ### Title: The Joyner-Boore Attenuation Data
+> ### Aliases: attenu
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> ## check the data class of the variables
+> sapply(attenu, data.class)
+    event       mag   station      dist     accel 
+"numeric" "numeric"  "factor" "numeric" "numeric" 
+> summary(attenu)
+     event            mag           station         dist       
+ Min.   : 1.00   Min.   :5.000   117    :  5   Min.   :  0.50  
+ 1st Qu.: 9.00   1st Qu.:5.300   1028   :  4   1st Qu.: 11.32  
+ Median :18.00   Median :6.100   113    :  4   Median : 23.40  
+ Mean   :14.74   Mean   :6.084   112    :  3   Mean   : 45.60  
+ 3rd Qu.:20.00   3rd Qu.:6.600   135    :  3   3rd Qu.: 47.55  
+ Max.   :23.00   Max.   :7.700   (Other):147   Max.   :370.00  
+                                 NA's   : 16                   
+     accel        
+ Min.   :0.00300  
+ 1st Qu.:0.04425  
+ Median :0.11300  
+ Mean   :0.15422  
+ 3rd Qu.:0.21925  
+ Max.   :0.81000  
+                  
+> pairs(attenu, main = "attenu data")
+> coplot(accel ~ dist | as.factor(event), data = attenu, show.given = FALSE)
+> coplot(log(accel) ~ log(dist) | as.factor(event),
++        data = attenu, panel = panel.smooth, show.given = FALSE)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("attitude")
+> ### * attitude
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: attitude
+> ### Title: The Chatterjee-Price Attitude Data
+> ### Aliases: attitude
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> pairs(attitude, main = "attitude data")
+> summary(attitude)
+     rating        complaints     privileges       learning         raises     
+ Min.   :40.00   Min.   :37.0   Min.   :30.00   Min.   :34.00   Min.   :43.00  
+ 1st Qu.:58.75   1st Qu.:58.5   1st Qu.:45.00   1st Qu.:47.00   1st Qu.:58.25  
+ Median :65.50   Median :65.0   Median :51.50   Median :56.50   Median :63.50  
+ Mean   :64.63   Mean   :66.6   Mean   :53.13   Mean   :56.37   Mean   :64.63  
+ 3rd Qu.:71.75   3rd Qu.:77.0   3rd Qu.:62.50   3rd Qu.:66.75   3rd Qu.:71.00  
+ Max.   :85.00   Max.   :90.0   Max.   :83.00   Max.   :75.00   Max.   :88.00  
+    critical        advance     
+ Min.   :49.00   Min.   :25.00  
+ 1st Qu.:69.25   1st Qu.:35.00  
+ Median :77.50   Median :41.00  
+ Mean   :74.77   Mean   :42.93  
+ 3rd Qu.:80.00   3rd Qu.:47.75  
+ Max.   :92.00   Max.   :72.00  
+> summary(fm1 <- lm(rating ~ ., data = attitude))
+
+Call:
+lm(formula = rating ~ ., data = attitude)
+
+Residuals:
+     Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
+-10.9418  -4.3555   0.3158   5.5425  11.5990 
+
+Coefficients:
+            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
+(Intercept) 10.78708   11.58926   0.931 0.361634    
+complaints   0.61319    0.16098   3.809 0.000903 ***
+privileges  -0.07305    0.13572  -0.538 0.595594    
+learning     0.32033    0.16852   1.901 0.069925 .  
+raises       0.08173    0.22148   0.369 0.715480    
+critical     0.03838    0.14700   0.261 0.796334    
+advance     -0.21706    0.17821  -1.218 0.235577    
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+Residual standard error: 7.068 on 23 degrees of freedom
+Multiple R-squared:  0.7326,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.6628 
+F-statistic:  10.5 on 6 and 23 DF,  p-value: 1.24e-05
+
+> opar <- par(mfrow = c(2, 2), oma = c(0, 0, 1.1, 0),
++             mar = c(4.1, 4.1, 2.1, 1.1))
+> plot(fm1)
+> summary(fm2 <- lm(rating ~ complaints, data = attitude))
+
+Call:
+lm(formula = rating ~ complaints, data = attitude)
+
+Residuals:
+     Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
+-12.8799  -5.9905   0.1783   6.2978   9.6294 
+
+Coefficients:
+            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
+(Intercept) 14.37632    6.61999   2.172   0.0385 *  
+complaints   0.75461    0.09753   7.737 1.99e-08 ***
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+Residual standard error: 6.993 on 28 degrees of freedom
+Multiple R-squared:  0.6813,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.6699 
+F-statistic: 59.86 on 1 and 28 DF,  p-value: 1.988e-08
+
+> plot(fm2)
+> par(opar)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("beavers")
+> ### * beavers
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: beavers
+> ### Title: Body Temperature Series of Two Beavers
+> ### Aliases: beavers beaver1 beaver2
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> (yl <- range(beaver1$temp, beaver2$temp))
+[1] 36.33 38.35
+> 
+> beaver.plot <- function(bdat, ...) {
++   nam <- deparse(substitute(bdat))
++   with(bdat, {
++     # Hours since start of day:
++     hours <- time %/% 100 + 24*(day - day[1]) + (time %% 100)/60
++     plot (hours, temp, type = "l", ...,
++           main = paste(nam, "body temperature"))
++     abline(h = 37.5, col = "gray", lty = 2)
++     is.act <- activ == 1
++     points(hours[is.act], temp[is.act], col = 2, cex = .8)
++   })
++ }
+> op <- par(mfrow = c(2, 1), mar = c(3, 3, 4, 2), mgp = 0.9 * 2:0)
+>  beaver.plot(beaver1, ylim = yl)
+>  beaver.plot(beaver2, ylim = yl)
+> par(op)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("cars")
+> ### * cars
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: cars
+> ### Title: Speed and Stopping Distances of Cars
+> ### Aliases: cars
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> plot(cars, xlab = "Speed (mph)", ylab = "Stopping distance (ft)",
++      las = 1)
+> lines(lowess(cars$speed, cars$dist, f = 2/3, iter = 3), col = "red")
+> title(main = "cars data")
+> plot(cars, xlab = "Speed (mph)", ylab = "Stopping distance (ft)",
++      las = 1, log = "xy")
+> title(main = "cars data (logarithmic scales)")
+> lines(lowess(cars$speed, cars$dist, f = 2/3, iter = 3), col = "red")
+> summary(fm1 <- lm(log(dist) ~ log(speed), data = cars))
+
+Call:
+lm(formula = log(dist) ~ log(speed), data = cars)
+
+Residuals:
+     Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
+-1.00215 -0.24578 -0.02898  0.20717  0.88289 
+
+Coefficients:
+            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
+(Intercept)  -0.7297     0.3758  -1.941   0.0581 .  
+log(speed)    1.6024     0.1395  11.484 2.26e-15 ***
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+Residual standard error: 0.4053 on 48 degrees of freedom
+Multiple R-squared:  0.7331,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.7276 
+F-statistic: 131.9 on 1 and 48 DF,  p-value: 2.259e-15
+
+> opar <- par(mfrow = c(2, 2), oma = c(0, 0, 1.1, 0),
++             mar = c(4.1, 4.1, 2.1, 1.1))
+> plot(fm1)
+> par(opar)
+> 
+> ## An example of polynomial regression
+> plot(cars, xlab = "Speed (mph)", ylab = "Stopping distance (ft)",
++     las = 1, xlim = c(0, 25))
+> d <- seq(0, 25, length.out = 200)
+> for(degree in 1:4) {
++   fm <- lm(dist ~ poly(speed, degree), data = cars)
++   assign(paste("cars", degree, sep = "."), fm)
++   lines(d, predict(fm, data.frame(speed = d)), col = degree)
++ }
+> anova(cars.1, cars.2, cars.3, cars.4)
+Analysis of Variance Table
+
+Model 1: dist ~ poly(speed, degree)
+Model 2: dist ~ poly(speed, degree)
+Model 3: dist ~ poly(speed, degree)
+Model 4: dist ~ poly(speed, degree)
+  Res.Df   RSS Df Sum of Sq      F Pr(>F)
+1     48 11354                           
+2     47 10825  1    528.81 2.3108 0.1355
+3     46 10634  1    190.35 0.8318 0.3666
+4     45 10298  1    336.55 1.4707 0.2316
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("chickwts")
+> ### * chickwts
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: chickwts
+> ### Title: Chicken Weights by Feed Type
+> ### Aliases: chickwts
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> boxplot(weight ~ feed, data = chickwts, col = "lightgray",
++     varwidth = TRUE, notch = TRUE, main = "chickwt data",
++     ylab = "Weight at six weeks (gm)")
+Warning in (function (z, notch = FALSE, width = NULL, varwidth = FALSE,  :
+  some notches went outside hinges ('box'): maybe set notch=FALSE
+> anova(fm1 <- lm(weight ~ feed, data = chickwts))
+Analysis of Variance Table
+
+Response: weight
+          Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value    Pr(>F)    
+feed       5 231129   46226  15.365 5.936e-10 ***
+Residuals 65 195556    3009                      
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+> opar <- par(mfrow = c(2, 2), oma = c(0, 0, 1.1, 0),
++             mar = c(4.1, 4.1, 2.1, 1.1))
+> plot(fm1)
+> par(opar)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("co2")
+> ### * co2
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: co2
+> ### Title: Mauna Loa Atmospheric CO2 Concentration
+> ### Aliases: co2
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> plot(co2, ylab = expression("Atmospheric concentration of CO"[2]),
++      las = 1)
+> title(main = "co2 data set")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("crimtab")
+> ### * crimtab
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: crimtab
+> ### Title: Student's 3000 Criminals Data
+> ### Aliases: crimtab
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats)
+> dim(crimtab)
+[1] 42 22
+> utils::str(crimtab)
+ 'table' int [1:42, 1:22] 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ...
+ - attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2
+  ..$ : chr [1:42] "9.4" "9.5" "9.6" "9.7" ...
+  ..$ : chr [1:22] "142.24" "144.78" "147.32" "149.86" ...
+> ## for nicer printing:
+> local({cT <- crimtab
++        colnames(cT) <- substring(colnames(cT), 2, 3)
++        print(cT, zero.print = " ")
++ })
+     42 44 47 49 52 54 57 60 62 65 67 70 72 75 77 80 82 85 87 90 93 95
+9.4                                                                   
+9.5                  1                                                
+9.6                                                                   
+9.7                                                                   
+9.8                     1                                             
+9.9         1     1     1                                             
+10    1        1  2     2        1                                    
+10.1           1  3  1     1  1                                       
+10.2        2  2  2  1     2     1                                    
+10.3     1  1  3  2  2  3  5                                          
+10.4        1  1  2  3  3  4  3  3                                    
+10.5           1  3  7  6  4  3  1  3  1     1                        
+10.6           1  4  5  9 14  6  3  1        1                        
+10.7        1  2  4  9 14 16 15  7  3  1  2                           
+10.8           2  5  6 14 27 10  7  1  2  1                           
+10.9              2  6 14 24 27 14 10  4  1                           
+11             2  6 12 15 31 37 27 17 10  6                           
+11.1           3  3 12 22 26 24 26 24  7  4  1                        
+11.2           3  2  7 21 30 38 29 27 20  4  1                       1
+11.3           1     5 10 24 26 39 26 24  7  2                        
+11.4              3  4  9 29 56 58 26 22 10 11                        
+11.5                 5 11 17 33 57 38 34 25 11  2                     
+11.6              2  1  4 13 37 39 48 38 27 12  2  2     1            
+11.7                 2  9 17 30 37 48 45 24  9  9  2                  
+11.8              1     2 11 15 35 41 34 29 10  5  1                  
+11.9              1  1  2 12 10 27 32 35 19 10  9  3  1               
+12                      1  4  8 19 42 39 22 16  8  2  2               
+12.1                       2  4 13 22 28 15 27 10  4  1               
+12.2                    1  2  5  6 23 17 16 11  8  1  1               
+12.3                          4  8 10 13 20 23  6  5                  
+12.4                    1  1  1  2  7 12  4  7  7  1        1         
+12.5                       1     1  3 12 11  8  6  8     2            
+12.6                             1     3  5  7  8  6  3  1  1         
+12.7                             1  1  7  5  5  8  2  2               
+12.8                                1  2  3  1  8  5  3  1  1         
+12.9                                   1  2  2     1  1               
+13                                  3     1     1     2  1            
+13.1                                   1  1                           
+13.2                                1  1     1     3                  
+13.3                                                  1     1         
+13.4                                                                  
+13.5                                                     1            
+> 
+> ## Repeat Student's experiment:
+> 
+> # 1) Reconstitute 3000 raw data for heights in inches and rounded to
+> #    nearest integer as in Student's paper:
+> 
+> (heIn <- round(as.numeric(colnames(crimtab)) / 2.54))
+ [1] 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77
+> d.hei <- data.frame(height = rep(heIn, colSums(crimtab)))
+> 
+> # 2) shuffle the data:
+> 
+> set.seed(1)
+> d.hei <- d.hei[sample(1:3000), , drop = FALSE]
+> 
+> # 3) Make 750 samples each of size 4:
+> 
+> d.hei$sample <- as.factor(rep(1:750, each = 4))
+> 
+> # 4) Compute the means and standard deviations (n) for the 750 samples:
+> 
+> h.mean <- with(d.hei, tapply(height, sample, FUN = mean))
+> h.sd   <- with(d.hei, tapply(height, sample, FUN = sd)) * sqrt(3/4)
+> 
+> # 5) Compute the difference between the mean of each sample and
+> #    the mean of the population and then divide by the
+> #    standard deviation of the sample:
+> 
+> zobs <- (h.mean - mean(d.hei[,"height"]))/h.sd
+> 
+> # 6) Replace infinite values by +/- 6 as in Student's paper:
+> 
+> zobs[infZ <- is.infinite(zobs)] # none of them 
+named numeric(0)
+> zobs[infZ] <- 6 * sign(zobs[infZ])
+> 
+> # 7) Plot the distribution:
+> 
+> require(grDevices); require(graphics)
+> hist(x = zobs, probability = TRUE, xlab = "Student's z",
++      col = grey(0.8), border = grey(0.5),
++      main = "Distribution of Student's z score  for 'crimtab' data")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("discoveries")
+> ### * discoveries
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: discoveries
+> ### Title: Yearly Numbers of Important Discoveries
+> ### Aliases: discoveries
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> plot(discoveries, ylab = "Number of important discoveries",
++      las = 1)
+> title(main = "discoveries data set")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("esoph")
+> ### * esoph
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: esoph
+> ### Title: Smoking, Alcohol and (O)esophageal Cancer
+> ### Aliases: esoph
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats)
+> require(graphics) # for mosaicplot
+> summary(esoph)
+   agegp          alcgp         tobgp        ncases         ncontrols     
+ 25-34:15   0-39g/day:23   0-9g/day:24   Min.   : 0.000   Min.   : 0.000  
+ 35-44:15   40-79    :23   10-19   :24   1st Qu.: 0.000   1st Qu.: 1.000  
+ 45-54:16   80-119   :21   20-29   :20   Median : 1.000   Median : 4.000  
+ 55-64:16   120+     :21   30+     :20   Mean   : 2.273   Mean   : 8.807  
+ 65-74:15                                3rd Qu.: 4.000   3rd Qu.:10.000  
+ 75+  :11                                Max.   :17.000   Max.   :60.000  
+> ## effects of alcohol, tobacco and interaction, age-adjusted
+> model1 <- glm(cbind(ncases, ncontrols) ~ agegp + tobgp * alcgp,
++               data = esoph, family = binomial())
+> anova(model1)
+Analysis of Deviance Table
+
+Model: binomial, link: logit
+
+Response: cbind(ncases, ncontrols)
+
+Terms added sequentially (first to last)
+
+
+            Df Deviance Resid. Df Resid. Dev
+NULL                           87     367.95
+agegp        5  121.045        82     246.91
+tobgp        3   36.639        79     210.27
+alcgp        3  127.933        76      82.34
+tobgp:alcgp  9    5.451        67      76.89
+> ## Try a linear effect of alcohol and tobacco
+> model2 <- glm(cbind(ncases, ncontrols) ~ agegp + unclass(tobgp)
++                                          + unclass(alcgp),
++               data = esoph, family = binomial())
+> summary(model2)
+
+Call:
+glm(formula = cbind(ncases, ncontrols) ~ agegp + unclass(tobgp) + 
+    unclass(alcgp), family = binomial(), data = esoph)
+
+Coefficients:
+               Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)    
+(Intercept)    -4.92067    0.37344 -13.177  < 2e-16 ***
+agegp.L         3.81892    0.67862   5.627 1.83e-08 ***
+agegp.Q        -1.49473    0.60671  -2.464   0.0138 *  
+agegp.C         0.07923    0.46318   0.171   0.8642    
+agegp^4         0.12136    0.32203   0.377   0.7063    
+agegp^5        -0.24856    0.21153  -1.175   0.2400    
+unclass(tobgp)  0.43955    0.09623   4.568 4.93e-06 ***
+unclass(alcgp)  1.06766    0.10493  10.175  < 2e-16 ***
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+(Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)
+
+    Null deviance: 367.953  on 87  degrees of freedom
+Residual deviance:  91.121  on 80  degrees of freedom
+AIC: 222.18
+
+Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 6
+
+> ## Re-arrange data for a mosaic plot
+> ttt <- table(esoph$agegp, esoph$alcgp, esoph$tobgp)
+> o <- with(esoph, order(tobgp, alcgp, agegp))
+> ttt[ttt == 1] <- esoph$ncases[o]
+> tt1 <- table(esoph$agegp, esoph$alcgp, esoph$tobgp)
+> tt1[tt1 == 1] <- esoph$ncontrols[o]
+> tt <- array(c(ttt, tt1), c(dim(ttt),2),
++             c(dimnames(ttt), list(c("Cancer", "control"))))
+> mosaicplot(tt, main = "esoph data set", color = TRUE)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("euro")
+> ### * euro
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: euro
+> ### Title: Conversion Rates of Euro Currencies
+> ### Aliases: euro euro.cross
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> cbind(euro)
+           euro
+ATS   13.760300
+BEF   40.339900
+DEM    1.955830
+ESP  166.386000
+FIM    5.945730
+FRF    6.559570
+IEP    0.787564
+ITL 1936.270000
+LUF   40.339900
+NLG    2.203710
+PTE  200.482000
+> 
+> ## These relations hold:
+> euro == signif(euro, 6) # [6 digit precision in Euro's definition]
+ ATS  BEF  DEM  ESP  FIM  FRF  IEP  ITL  LUF  NLG  PTE 
+TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE 
+> all(euro.cross == outer(1/euro, euro))
+[1] TRUE
+> 
+> ## Convert 20 Euro to Belgian Franc
+> 20 * euro["BEF"]
+    BEF 
+806.798 
+> ## Convert 20 Austrian Schilling to Euro
+> 20 / euro["ATS"]
+     ATS 
+1.453457 
+> ## Convert 20 Spanish Pesetas to Italian Lira
+> 20 * euro.cross["ESP", "ITL"]
+[1] 232.7443
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> dotchart(euro,
++          main = "euro data: 1 Euro in currency unit")
+> dotchart(1/euro,
++          main = "euro data: 1 currency unit in Euros")
+> dotchart(log(euro, 10),
++          main = "euro data: log10(1 Euro in currency unit)")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("faithful")
+> ### * faithful
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: faithful
+> ### Title: Old Faithful Geyser Data
+> ### Aliases: faithful
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> f.tit <-  "faithful data: Eruptions of Old Faithful"
+> 
+> ne60 <- round(e60 <- 60 * faithful$eruptions)
+> all.equal(e60, ne60)             # relative diff. ~ 1/10000
+[1] "Mean relative difference: 9.515332e-05"
+> table(zapsmall(abs(e60 - ne60))) # 0, 0.02 or 0.04
+
+   0 0.02 0.04 
+ 106  163    3 
+> faithful$better.eruptions <- ne60 / 60
+> te <- table(ne60)
+> te[te >= 4]                      # (too) many multiples of 5 !
+ne60
+105 108 110 112 113 120 216 230 240 245 249 250 255 260 261 262 265 270 272 275 
+  6   4   7   8   4   4   4   5   6   5   4   4   4   5   4   4   4   8   5   4 
+276 282 288 
+  4   6   6 
+> plot(names(te), te, type = "h", main = f.tit, xlab = "Eruption time (sec)")
+> 
+> plot(faithful[, -3], main = f.tit,
++      xlab = "Eruption time (min)",
++      ylab = "Waiting time to next eruption (min)")
+> lines(lowess(faithful$eruptions, faithful$waiting, f = 2/3, iter = 3),
++       col = "red")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("freeny")
+> ### * freeny
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: freeny
+> ### Title: Freeny's Revenue Data
+> ### Aliases: freeny freeny.x freeny.y
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> summary(freeny)
+       y         lag.quarterly.revenue  price.index     income.level  
+ Min.   :8.791   Min.   :8.791         Min.   :4.278   Min.   :5.821  
+ 1st Qu.:9.045   1st Qu.:9.020         1st Qu.:4.392   1st Qu.:5.948  
+ Median :9.314   Median :9.284         Median :4.510   Median :6.061  
+ Mean   :9.306   Mean   :9.281         Mean   :4.496   Mean   :6.039  
+ 3rd Qu.:9.591   3rd Qu.:9.561         3rd Qu.:4.605   3rd Qu.:6.139  
+ Max.   :9.794   Max.   :9.775         Max.   :4.710   Max.   :6.200  
+ market.potential
+ Min.   :12.97   
+ 1st Qu.:13.01   
+ Median :13.07   
+ Mean   :13.07   
+ 3rd Qu.:13.12   
+ Max.   :13.17   
+> pairs(freeny, main = "freeny data")
+> # gives warning: freeny$y has class "ts"
+> 
+> summary(fm1 <- lm(y ~ ., data = freeny))
+
+Call:
+lm(formula = y ~ ., data = freeny)
+
+Residuals:
+       Min         1Q     Median         3Q        Max 
+-0.0259426 -0.0101033  0.0003824  0.0103236  0.0267124 
+
+Coefficients:
+                      Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
+(Intercept)           -10.4726     6.0217  -1.739   0.0911 .  
+lag.quarterly.revenue   0.1239     0.1424   0.870   0.3904    
+price.index            -0.7542     0.1607  -4.693 4.28e-05 ***
+income.level            0.7675     0.1339   5.730 1.93e-06 ***
+market.potential        1.3306     0.5093   2.613   0.0133 *  
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+Residual standard error: 0.01473 on 34 degrees of freedom
+Multiple R-squared:  0.9981,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.9978 
+F-statistic:  4354 on 4 and 34 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
+
+> opar <- par(mfrow = c(2, 2), oma = c(0, 0, 1.1, 0),
++             mar = c(4.1, 4.1, 2.1, 1.1))
+> plot(fm1)
+> par(opar)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("infert")
+> ### * infert
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: infert
+> ### Title: Infertility after Spontaneous and Induced Abortion
+> ### Aliases: infert
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats)
+> model1 <- glm(case ~ spontaneous+induced, data = infert, family = binomial())
+> summary(model1)
+
+Call:
+glm(formula = case ~ spontaneous + induced, family = binomial(), 
+    data = infert)
+
+Coefficients:
+            Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)    
+(Intercept)  -1.7079     0.2677  -6.380 1.78e-10 ***
+spontaneous   1.1972     0.2116   5.657 1.54e-08 ***
+induced       0.4181     0.2056   2.033    0.042 *  
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+(Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)
+
+    Null deviance: 316.17  on 247  degrees of freedom
+Residual deviance: 279.61  on 245  degrees of freedom
+AIC: 285.61
+
+Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 4
+
+> ## adjusted for other potential confounders:
+> summary(model2 <- glm(case ~ age+parity+education+spontaneous+induced,
++                      data = infert, family = binomial()))
+
+Call:
+glm(formula = case ~ age + parity + education + spontaneous + 
+    induced, family = binomial(), data = infert)
+
+Coefficients:
+                 Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)    
+(Intercept)      -1.14924    1.41220  -0.814   0.4158    
+age               0.03958    0.03120   1.269   0.2046    
+parity           -0.82828    0.19649  -4.215 2.49e-05 ***
+education6-11yrs -1.04424    0.79255  -1.318   0.1876    
+education12+ yrs -1.40321    0.83416  -1.682   0.0925 .  
+spontaneous       2.04591    0.31016   6.596 4.21e-11 ***
+induced           1.28876    0.30146   4.275 1.91e-05 ***
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+(Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)
+
+    Null deviance: 316.17  on 247  degrees of freedom
+Residual deviance: 257.80  on 241  degrees of freedom
+AIC: 271.8
+
+Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 4
+
+> ## Really should be analysed by conditional logistic regression
+> ## which is in the survival package
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("iris")
+> ### * iris
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: iris
+> ### Title: Edgar Anderson's Iris Data
+> ### Aliases: iris iris3
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> dni3 <- dimnames(iris3)
+> ii <- data.frame(matrix(aperm(iris3, c(1,3,2)), ncol = 4,
++                         dimnames = list(NULL, sub(" L.",".Length",
++                                         sub(" W.",".Width", dni3[[2]])))),
++     Species = gl(3, 50, labels = sub("S", "s", sub("V", "v", dni3[[3]]))))
+> all.equal(ii, iris) # TRUE
+[1] TRUE
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("islands")
+> ### * islands
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: islands
+> ### Title: Areas of the World's Major Landmasses
+> ### Aliases: islands
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> dotchart(log(islands, 10),
++    main = "islands data: log10(area) (log10(sq. miles))")
+> dotchart(log(islands[order(islands)], 10),
++    main = "islands data: log10(area) (log10(sq. miles))")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("longley")
+> ### * longley
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: longley
+> ### Title: Longley's Economic Regression Data
+> ### Aliases: longley
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> ## give the data set in the form it is used in S-PLUS:
+> longley.x <- data.matrix(longley[, 1:6])
+> longley.y <- longley[, "Employed"]
+> pairs(longley, main = "longley data")
+> summary(fm1 <- lm(Employed ~ ., data = longley))
+
+Call:
+lm(formula = Employed ~ ., data = longley)
+
+Residuals:
+     Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
+-0.41011 -0.15767 -0.02816  0.10155  0.45539 
+
+Coefficients:
+               Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
+(Intercept)  -3.482e+03  8.904e+02  -3.911 0.003560 ** 
+GNP.deflator  1.506e-02  8.492e-02   0.177 0.863141    
+GNP          -3.582e-02  3.349e-02  -1.070 0.312681    
+Unemployed   -2.020e-02  4.884e-03  -4.136 0.002535 ** 
+Armed.Forces -1.033e-02  2.143e-03  -4.822 0.000944 ***
+Population   -5.110e-02  2.261e-01  -0.226 0.826212    
+Year          1.829e+00  4.555e-01   4.016 0.003037 ** 
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+Residual standard error: 0.3049 on 9 degrees of freedom
+Multiple R-squared:  0.9955,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.9925 
+F-statistic: 330.3 on 6 and 9 DF,  p-value: 4.984e-10
+
+> opar <- par(mfrow = c(2, 2), oma = c(0, 0, 1.1, 0),
++             mar = c(4.1, 4.1, 2.1, 1.1))
+> plot(fm1)
+> par(opar)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("morley")
+> ### * morley
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: morley
+> ### Title: Michelson Speed of Light Data
+> ### Aliases: morley
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> michelson <- transform(morley,
++                        Expt = factor(Expt), Run = factor(Run))
+> xtabs(~ Expt + Run, data = michelson)  # 5 x 20 balanced (two-way)
+    Run
+Expt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
+   1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1
+   2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1
+   3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1
+   4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1
+   5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1
+> plot(Speed ~ Expt, data = michelson,
++      main = "Speed of Light Data", xlab = "Experiment No.")
+> fm <- aov(Speed ~ Run + Expt, data = michelson)
+> summary(fm)
+            Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value  Pr(>F)   
+Run         19 113344    5965   1.105 0.36321   
+Expt         4  94514   23629   4.378 0.00307 **
+Residuals   76 410166    5397                   
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+> fm0 <- update(fm, . ~ . - Run)
+> anova(fm0, fm)
+Analysis of Variance Table
+
+Model 1: Speed ~ Expt
+Model 2: Speed ~ Run + Expt
+  Res.Df    RSS Df Sum of Sq      F Pr(>F)
+1     95 523510                           
+2     76 410166 19    113344 1.1053 0.3632
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("mtcars")
+> ### * mtcars
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: mtcars
+> ### Title: Motor Trend Car Road Tests
+> ### Aliases: mtcars
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> pairs(mtcars, main = "mtcars data", gap = 1/4)
+> coplot(mpg ~ disp | as.factor(cyl), data = mtcars,
++        panel = panel.smooth, rows = 1)
+> ## possibly more meaningful, e.g., for summary() or bivariate plots:
+> mtcars2 <- within(mtcars, {
++    vs <- factor(vs, labels = c("V", "S"))
++    am <- factor(am, labels = c("automatic", "manual"))
++    cyl  <- ordered(cyl)
++    gear <- ordered(gear)
++    carb <- ordered(carb)
++ })
+> summary(mtcars2)
+      mpg        cyl         disp             hp             drat      
+ Min.   :10.40   4:11   Min.   : 71.1   Min.   : 52.0   Min.   :2.760  
+ 1st Qu.:15.43   6: 7   1st Qu.:120.8   1st Qu.: 96.5   1st Qu.:3.080  
+ Median :19.20   8:14   Median :196.3   Median :123.0   Median :3.695  
+ Mean   :20.09          Mean   :230.7   Mean   :146.7   Mean   :3.597  
+ 3rd Qu.:22.80          3rd Qu.:326.0   3rd Qu.:180.0   3rd Qu.:3.920  
+ Max.   :33.90          Max.   :472.0   Max.   :335.0   Max.   :4.930  
+       wt             qsec       vs             am     gear   carb  
+ Min.   :1.513   Min.   :14.50   V:18   automatic:19   3:15   1: 7  
+ 1st Qu.:2.581   1st Qu.:16.89   S:14   manual   :13   4:12   2:10  
+ Median :3.325   Median :17.71                         5: 5   3: 3  
+ Mean   :3.217   Mean   :17.85                                4:10  
+ 3rd Qu.:3.610   3rd Qu.:18.90                                6: 1  
+ Max.   :5.424   Max.   :22.90                                8: 1  
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("nhtemp")
+> ### * nhtemp
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: nhtemp
+> ### Title: Average Yearly Temperatures in New Haven
+> ### Aliases: nhtemp
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> plot(nhtemp, main = "nhtemp data",
++   ylab = "Mean annual temperature in New Haven, CT (deg. F)")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("nottem")
+> ### * nottem
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: nottem
+> ### Title: Average Monthly Temperatures at Nottingham, 1920-1939
+> ### Aliases: nottem
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("npk")
+> ### * npk
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: npk
+> ### Title: Classical N, P, K Factorial Experiment
+> ### Aliases: npk
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("occupationalStatus")
+> ### * occupationalStatus
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: occupationalStatus
+> ### Title: Occupational Status of Fathers and their Sons
+> ### Aliases: occupationalStatus
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> 
+> plot(occupationalStatus)
+> 
+> ##  Fit a uniform association model separating diagonal effects
+> Diag <- as.factor(diag(1:8))
+> Rscore <- scale(as.numeric(row(occupationalStatus)), scale = FALSE)
+> Cscore <- scale(as.numeric(col(occupationalStatus)), scale = FALSE)
+> modUnif <- glm(Freq ~ origin + destination + Diag + Rscore:Cscore,
++                family = poisson, data = occupationalStatus)
+> 
+> summary(modUnif)
+
+Call:
+glm(formula = Freq ~ origin + destination + Diag + Rscore:Cscore, 
+    family = poisson, data = occupationalStatus)
+
+Coefficients:
+              Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)    
+(Intercept)   0.568592   0.183358   3.101 0.001929 ** 
+origin2       0.431314   0.149415   2.887 0.003893 ** 
+origin3       1.461862   0.131141  11.147  < 2e-16 ***
+origin4       1.788731   0.126588  14.130  < 2e-16 ***
+origin5       0.441011   0.144844   3.045 0.002329 ** 
+origin6       2.491735   0.121219  20.556  < 2e-16 ***
+origin7       1.127536   0.129032   8.738  < 2e-16 ***
+origin8       0.796445   0.131863   6.040 1.54e-09 ***
+destination2  0.873202   0.166902   5.232 1.68e-07 ***
+destination3  1.813992   0.153861  11.790  < 2e-16 ***
+destination4  2.082515   0.150887  13.802  < 2e-16 ***
+destination5  1.366383   0.155590   8.782  < 2e-16 ***
+destination6  2.816369   0.146054  19.283  < 2e-16 ***
+destination7  1.903918   0.147810  12.881  < 2e-16 ***
+destination8  1.398585   0.151658   9.222  < 2e-16 ***
+Diag1         1.665495   0.237383   7.016 2.28e-12 ***
+Diag2         0.959681   0.212122   4.524 6.06e-06 ***
+Diag3         0.021750   0.156530   0.139 0.889490    
+Diag4         0.226399   0.124364   1.820 0.068689 .  
+Diag5         0.808646   0.229754   3.520 0.000432 ***
+Diag6         0.132277   0.077191   1.714 0.086597 .  
+Diag7         0.506709   0.115936   4.371 1.24e-05 ***
+Diag8         0.221880   0.134803   1.646 0.099771 .  
+Rscore:Cscore 0.136974   0.007489  18.289  < 2e-16 ***
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+(Dispersion parameter for poisson family taken to be 1)
+
+    Null deviance: 4679.004  on 63  degrees of freedom
+Residual deviance:   58.436  on 40  degrees of freedom
+AIC: 428.78
+
+Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 4
+
+> plot(modUnif) # 4 plots, with warning about  h_ii ~= 1
+Warning: not plotting observations with leverage one:
+  1, 10, 19, 28, 37, 46, 55, 64
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("precip")
+> ### * precip
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: precip
+> ### Title: Annual Precipitation in US Cities
+> ### Aliases: precip
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> dotchart(precip[order(precip)], main = "precip data")
+> title(sub = "Average annual precipitation (in.)")
+> 
+> ## Old ("wrong") version of dataset (just name change):
+> precip.O <- local({
++    p <- precip; names(p)[names(p) == "Cincinnati"] <- "Cincinati" ; p })
+> stopifnot(all(precip == precip.O),
++ 	  match("Cincinnati", names(precip)) == 46,
++ 	  identical(names(precip)[-46], names(precip.O)[-46]))
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("presidents")
+> ### * presidents
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: presidents
+> ### Title: Quarterly Approval Ratings of US Presidents
+> ### Aliases: presidents
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> plot(presidents, las = 1, ylab = "Approval rating (%)",
++      main = "presidents data")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("pressure")
+> ### * pressure
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: pressure
+> ### Title: Vapor Pressure of Mercury as a Function of Temperature
+> ### Aliases: pressure
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> plot(pressure, xlab = "Temperature (deg C)",
++      ylab = "Pressure (mm of Hg)",
++      main = "pressure data: Vapor Pressure of Mercury")
+> plot(pressure, xlab = "Temperature (deg C)",  log = "y",
++      ylab = "Pressure (mm of Hg)",
++      main = "pressure data: Vapor Pressure of Mercury")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("quakes")
+> ### * quakes
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: quakes
+> ### Title: Locations of Earthquakes off Fiji
+> ### Aliases: quakes
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> pairs(quakes, main = "Fiji Earthquakes, N = 1000", cex.main = 1.2, pch = ".")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("randu")
+> ### * randu
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: randu
+> ### Title: Random Numbers from Congruential Generator RANDU
+> ### Aliases: randu
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("sleep")
+> ### * sleep
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: sleep
+> ### Title: Student's Sleep Data
+> ### Aliases: sleep
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats)
+> ## Student's paired t-test
+> with(sleep,
++      t.test(extra[group == 1],
++             extra[group == 2], paired = TRUE))
+
+	Paired t-test
+
+data:  extra[group == 1] and extra[group == 2]
+t = -4.0621, df = 9, p-value = 0.002833
+alternative hypothesis: true mean difference is not equal to 0
+95 percent confidence interval:
+ -2.4598858 -0.7001142
+sample estimates:
+mean difference 
+          -1.58 
+
+> 
+> ## The sleep *prolongations*
+> sleep1 <- with(sleep, extra[group == 2] - extra[group == 1])
+> summary(sleep1)
+   Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
+   0.00    1.05    1.30    1.58    1.70    4.60 
+> stripchart(sleep1, method = "stack", xlab = "hours",
++            main = "Sleep prolongation (n = 10)")
+> boxplot(sleep1, horizontal = TRUE, add = TRUE,
++         at = .6, pars = list(boxwex = 0.5, staplewex = 0.25))
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("stackloss")
+> ### * stackloss
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: stackloss
+> ### Title: Brownlee's Stack Loss Plant Data
+> ### Aliases: stackloss stack.loss stack.x
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats)
+> summary(lm.stack <- lm(stack.loss ~ stack.x))
+
+Call:
+lm(formula = stack.loss ~ stack.x)
+
+Residuals:
+    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
+-7.2377 -1.7117 -0.4551  2.3614  5.6978 
+
+Coefficients:
+                  Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
+(Intercept)       -39.9197    11.8960  -3.356  0.00375 ** 
+stack.xAir.Flow     0.7156     0.1349   5.307  5.8e-05 ***
+stack.xWater.Temp   1.2953     0.3680   3.520  0.00263 ** 
+stack.xAcid.Conc.  -0.1521     0.1563  -0.973  0.34405    
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+Residual standard error: 3.243 on 17 degrees of freedom
+Multiple R-squared:  0.9136,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.8983 
+F-statistic:  59.9 on 3 and 17 DF,  p-value: 3.016e-09
+
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("state")
+> ### * state
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Encoding: UTF-8
+> 
+> ### Name: state
+> ### Title: US State Facts and Figures
+> ### Aliases: state state.abb state.area state.center state.division
+> ###   state.name state.region state.x77
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> (dst <- dxy <- data.frame(state.center, row.names=state.abb))
+           x       y
+AL  -86.7509 32.5901
+AK -127.2500 49.2500
+AZ -111.6250 34.2192
+AR  -92.2992 34.7336
+CA -119.7730 36.5341
+CO -105.5130 38.6777
+CT  -72.3573 41.5928
+DE  -74.9841 38.6777
+FL  -81.6850 27.8744
+GA  -83.3736 32.3329
+HI -126.2500 31.7500
+ID -113.9300 43.5648
+IL  -89.3776 40.0495
+IN  -86.0808 40.0495
+IA  -93.3714 41.9358
+KS  -98.1156 38.4204
+KY  -84.7674 37.3915
+LA  -92.2724 30.6181
+ME  -68.9801 45.6226
+MD  -76.6459 39.2778
+MA  -71.5800 42.3645
+MI  -84.6870 43.1361
+MN  -94.6043 46.3943
+MS  -89.8065 32.6758
+MO  -92.5137 38.3347
+MT -109.3200 46.8230
+NE  -99.5898 41.3356
+NV -116.8510 39.1063
+NH  -71.3924 43.3934
+NJ  -74.2336 39.9637
+NM -105.9420 34.4764
+NY  -75.1449 43.1361
+NC  -78.4686 35.4195
+ND -100.0990 47.2517
+OH  -82.5963 40.2210
+OK  -97.1239 35.5053
+OR -120.0680 43.9078
+PA  -77.4500 40.9069
+RI  -71.1244 41.5928
+SC  -80.5056 33.6190
+SD  -99.7238 44.3365
+TN  -86.4560 35.6767
+TX  -98.7857 31.3897
+UT -111.3300 39.1063
+VT  -72.5450 44.2508
+VA  -78.2005 37.5630
+WA -119.7460 47.4231
+WV  -80.6665 38.4204
+WI  -89.9941 44.5937
+WY -107.2560 43.0504
+> ## Alaska and Hawaii are placed just off the West Coast (for compact map drawing):
+> dst[c("AK", "HI"),]
+         x     y
+AK -127.25 49.25
+HI -126.25 31.75
+> ## state.center2 := version of state.center with "correct" coordinates for AK & HI:
+> ## From https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/Elevations-Distances/elvadist.html#Geographic%20Centers
+> ##   Alaska   63°50' N., 152°00' W., 60 miles northwest of Mount McKinley
+> ##   Hawaii   20°15' N., 156°20' W., off Maui Island
+> dxy["AK",] <- c(-152.  , 63.83) # or  c(-152.11, 65.17)
+> dxy["HI",] <- c(-156.33, 20.25) # or  c(-156.69, 20.89)
+> state.center2 <- as.list(dxy)
+> 
+> plot(dxy, asp=1.2, pch=3, col=2)
+> text(state.center2, state.abb, cex=1/2, pos=4, offset=1/4)
+> i <- c("AK","HI")
+> do.call(arrows, c(setNames(c(dst[i,], dxy[i,]), c("x0","y0", "x1","y1")),
++                   col=adjustcolor(4, .7), length=1/8))
+> points(dst[i,], col=2)
+> if(FALSE) { # if(require("maps")) {
++    map("state", interior = FALSE,          add = TRUE)
++    map("state", boundary = FALSE, lty = 2, add = TRUE)
++ }
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("sunspot.month")
+> ### * sunspot.month
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: sunspot.month
+> ### Title: Monthly Sunspot Data, from 1749 to "Present"
+> ### Aliases: sunspot.month
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> ## Compare the monthly series
+> plot (sunspot.month,
++       main="sunspot.month & sunspots [package'datasets']", col=2)
+> lines(sunspots) # -> faint differences where they overlap
+> 
+> ## Now look at the difference :
+> all(tsp(sunspots)     [c(1,3)] ==
++     tsp(sunspot.month)[c(1,3)]) ## Start & Periodicity are the same
+[1] TRUE
+> n1 <- length(sunspots)
+> table(eq <- sunspots == sunspot.month[1:n1]) #>  132  are different !
+
+FALSE  TRUE 
+  143  2677 
+> i <- which(!eq)
+> rug(time(eq)[i])
+> s1 <- sunspots[i] ; s2 <- sunspot.month[i]
+> cbind(i = i, time = time(sunspots)[i], sunspots = s1, ss.month = s2,
++       perc.diff = round(100*2*abs(s1-s2)/(s1+s2), 1))
+          i     time sunspots ss.month perc.diff
+  [1,]   55 1753.500     22.2     22.0       0.9
+  [2,]  838 1818.750     31.7     31.6       0.3
+  [3,]  841 1819.000     32.5     32.8       0.9
+  [4,]  862 1820.750      9.0      8.9       1.1
+  [5,]  864 1820.917      9.7      9.1       6.4
+  [6,]  866 1821.083      4.3      4.2       2.4
+  [7,]  876 1821.917      0.0      0.2     200.0
+  [8,]  901 1824.000     21.6     21.7       0.5
+  [9,]  917 1825.333     15.4     15.5       0.6
+ [10,]  920 1825.583     25.4     25.7       1.2
+ [11,]  943 1827.500     42.9     42.3       1.4
+ [12,]  946 1827.750     57.2     56.1       1.9
+ [13,]  955 1828.500     54.3     54.2       0.2
+ [14,]  960 1828.917     46.6     46.9       0.6
+ [15,]  965 1829.333     67.5     67.4       0.1
+ [16,]  968 1829.583     78.3     77.6       0.9
+ [17,]  976 1830.250    107.1    106.3       0.7
+ [18,]  988 1831.250     54.6     54.5       0.2
+ [19,]  992 1831.583     54.9     55.0       0.2
+ [20,]  994 1831.750     46.2     46.3       0.2
+ [21,]  998 1832.083     55.5     55.6       0.2
+ [22,] 1003 1832.500     13.9     14.0       0.7
+ [23,] 1047 1836.167     98.1     98.2       0.1
+ [24,] 1061 1837.333    111.3    111.7       0.4
+ [25,] 1081 1839.000    107.6    105.6       1.9
+ [26,] 1087 1839.500     84.7     84.8       0.1
+ [27,] 1090 1839.750     90.8     90.9       0.1
+ [28,] 1092 1839.917     63.6     63.7       0.2
+ [29,] 1095 1840.167     55.5     67.8      20.0
+ [30,] 1102 1840.750     49.8     55.0       9.9
+ [31,] 1105 1841.000     24.0     24.1       0.4
+ [32,] 1108 1841.250     42.6     40.2       5.8
+ [33,] 1109 1841.333     67.4     67.5       0.1
+ [34,] 1113 1841.667     35.1     36.5       3.9
+ [35,] 1124 1842.583     26.5     26.6       0.4
+ [36,] 1125 1842.667     18.5     18.4       0.5
+ [37,] 1132 1843.250      8.8      9.5       7.7
+ [38,] 1145 1844.333     12.0     11.6       3.4
+ [39,] 1149 1844.667      6.9      7.0       1.4
+ [40,] 1156 1845.250     56.9     57.0       0.2
+ [41,] 1168 1846.250     69.2     69.3       0.1
+ [42,] 1185 1847.667    161.2    160.9       0.2
+ [43,] 1191 1848.167    108.9    108.6       0.3
+ [44,] 1194 1848.417    123.8    129.0       4.1
+ [45,] 1196 1848.583    132.5    132.6       0.1
+ [46,] 1200 1848.917    159.9    159.5       0.3
+ [47,] 1201 1849.000    156.7    157.0       0.2
+ [48,] 1202 1849.083    131.7    131.8       0.1
+ [49,] 1203 1849.167     96.5     96.2       0.3
+ [50,] 1206 1849.417     81.2     81.1       0.1
+ [51,] 1208 1849.583     61.3     67.7       9.9
+ [52,] 1211 1849.833     99.7     99.0       0.7
+ [53,] 1224 1850.917     60.0     61.0       1.7
+ [54,] 1235 1851.833     50.9     51.0       0.2
+ [55,] 1238 1852.083     67.5     66.4       1.6
+ [56,] 1243 1852.500     42.0     42.1       0.2
+ [57,] 1256 1853.583     50.4     50.5       0.2
+ [58,] 1258 1853.750     42.3     42.4       0.2
+ [59,] 1264 1854.250     26.4     26.5       0.4
+ [60,] 1270 1854.750     12.7     12.6       0.8
+ [61,] 1272 1854.917     21.4     21.6       0.9
+ [62,] 1282 1855.750      9.7      9.6       1.0
+ [63,] 1283 1855.833      4.3      4.2       2.4
+ [64,] 1290 1856.417      5.0      5.2       3.9
+ [65,] 1301 1857.333     29.2     28.5       2.4
+ [66,] 1333 1860.000     81.5     82.4       1.1
+ [67,] 1334 1860.083     88.0     88.3       0.3
+ [68,] 1346 1861.083     77.8     77.7       0.1
+ [69,] 1350 1861.417     87.8     88.1       0.3
+ [70,] 1366 1862.750     42.0     41.9       0.2
+ [71,] 1407 1866.167     24.6     24.5       0.4
+ [72,] 1424 1867.583      4.9      4.8       2.1
+ [73,] 1427 1867.833      9.3      9.6       3.2
+ [74,] 1429 1868.000     15.6     15.5       0.6
+ [75,] 1430 1868.083     15.8     15.7       0.6
+ [76,] 1435 1868.500     28.6     29.0       1.4
+ [77,] 1437 1868.667     43.8     47.2       7.5
+ [78,] 1438 1868.750     61.7     61.6       0.2
+ [79,] 1442 1869.083     59.3     59.9       1.0
+ [80,] 1445 1869.333    104.0    103.9       0.1
+ [81,] 1450 1869.750     59.4     59.3       0.2
+ [82,] 1451 1869.833     77.4     78.1       0.9
+ [83,] 1452 1869.917    104.3    104.4       0.1
+ [84,] 1455 1870.167    159.4    157.5       1.2
+ [85,] 1472 1871.583    110.0    110.1       0.1
+ [86,] 1476 1871.917     90.3     90.4       0.1
+ [87,] 1486 1872.750    103.5    102.6       0.9
+ [88,] 1497 1873.667     47.5     47.1       0.8
+ [89,] 1498 1873.750     47.4     47.1       0.6
+ [90,] 1514 1875.083     22.2     21.5       3.2
+ [91,] 1527 1876.167     31.2     30.6       1.9
+ [92,] 1539 1877.167     11.7     11.9       1.7
+ [93,] 1541 1877.333     21.2     21.6       1.9
+ [94,] 1542 1877.417     13.4     14.2       5.8
+ [95,] 1543 1877.500      5.9      6.0       1.7
+ [96,] 1545 1877.667     16.4     16.9       3.0
+ [97,] 1547 1877.833     14.5     14.2       2.1
+ [98,] 1548 1877.917      2.3      2.2       4.4
+ [99,] 1550 1878.083      6.0      6.6       9.5
+[100,] 1553 1878.333      5.8      5.9       1.7
+[101,] 1561 1879.000      0.8      1.0      22.2
+[102,] 1571 1879.833     12.9     13.1       1.5
+[103,] 1572 1879.917      7.2      7.3       1.4
+[104,] 1574 1880.083     27.5     27.2       1.1
+[105,] 1575 1880.167     19.5     19.3       1.0
+[106,] 1576 1880.250     19.3     19.5       1.0
+[107,] 1588 1881.250     51.7     51.6       0.2
+[108,] 1592 1881.583     58.0     58.4       0.7
+[109,] 1594 1881.750     64.0     64.4       0.6
+[110,] 1598 1882.083     69.3     69.5       0.3
+[111,] 1599 1882.167     67.5     66.8       1.0
+[112,] 1613 1883.333     32.1     31.5       1.9
+[113,] 1614 1883.417     76.5     76.3       0.3
+[114,] 1623 1884.167     86.8     87.5       0.8
+[115,] 1643 1885.833     33.3     30.9       7.5
+[116,] 1656 1886.917     12.4     13.0       4.7
+[117,] 1663 1887.500     23.3     23.4       0.4
+[118,] 1683 1889.167      7.0      6.7       4.4
+[119,] 1687 1889.500      9.7      9.4       3.1
+[120,] 1712 1891.583     33.2     33.0       0.6
+[121,] 1716 1891.917     32.3     32.5       0.6
+[122,] 1723 1892.500     76.8     76.5       0.4
+[123,] 1734 1893.417     88.2     89.9       1.9
+[124,] 1735 1893.500     88.8     88.6       0.2
+[125,] 1738 1893.750     79.7     80.0       0.4
+[126,] 1774 1896.750     28.4     28.7       1.1
+[127,] 1837 1902.000      5.2      5.5       5.6
+[128,] 2126 1926.083     70.0     69.9       0.1
+[129,] 2151 1928.167     85.4     85.5       0.1
+[130,] 2153 1928.333     76.9     77.0       0.1
+[131,] 2162 1929.083     64.1     62.8       2.0
+[132,] 2174 1930.083     49.2     49.9       1.4
+[133,] 2233 1935.000     18.9     18.6       1.6
+[134,] 2315 1941.833     38.3     38.4       0.3
+[135,] 2329 1943.000     12.4     12.5       0.8
+[136,] 2378 1947.083    113.4    133.4      16.2
+[137,] 2427 1951.167     59.9     55.9       6.9
+[138,] 2498 1957.083    130.2    130.3       0.1
+[139,] 2552 1961.583     55.9     55.8       0.2
+[140,] 2556 1961.917     40.0     39.9       0.3
+[141,] 2594 1965.083     14.2     14.3       0.7
+[142,] 2790 1981.417     90.0     90.9       1.0
+[143,] 2819 1983.833     33.3     33.4       0.3
+> 
+> ## How to recreate the "old" sunspot.month (R <= 3.0.3):
+> .sunspot.diff <- cbind(
++     i = c(1202L, 1256L, 1258L, 1301L, 1407L, 1429L, 1452L, 1455L,
++           1663L, 2151L, 2329L, 2498L, 2594L, 2694L, 2819L),
++     res10 = c(1L, 1L, 1L, -1L, -1L, -1L, 1L, -1L,
++           1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 20L, 1L))
+> ssm0 <- sunspot.month[1:2988]
+> with(as.data.frame(.sunspot.diff), ssm0[i] <<- ssm0[i] - res10/10)
+> sunspot.month.0 <- ts(ssm0, start = 1749, frequency = 12)
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("sunspot.year")
+> ### * sunspot.year
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: sunspot.year
+> ### Title: Yearly Sunspot Data, 1700-1988
+> ### Aliases: sunspot.year
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> utils::str(sm <- sunspots)# the monthly version we keep unchanged
+ Time-Series [1:2820] from 1749 to 1984: 58 62.6 70 55.7 85 83.5 94.8 66.3 75.9 75.5 ...
+> utils::str(sy <- sunspot.year)
+ Time-Series [1:289] from 1700 to 1988: 5 11 16 23 36 58 29 20 10 8 ...
+> ## The common time interval
+> (t1 <- c(max(start(sm), start(sy)),     1)) # Jan 1749
+[1] 1749    1
+> (t2 <- c(min(  end(sm)[1],end(sy)[1]), 12)) # Dec 1983
+[1] 1983   12
+> s.m <- window(sm, start=t1, end=t2)
+> s.y <- window(sy, start=t1, end=t2[1]) # {irrelevant warning}
+> stopifnot(length(s.y) * 12 == length(s.m),
++           ## The yearly series *is* close to the averages of the monthly one:
++           all.equal(s.y, aggregate(s.m, FUN = mean), tolerance = 0.0020))
+> ## NOTE: Strangely, correctly weighting the number of days per month
+> ##       (using 28.25 for February) is *not* closer than the simple mean:
+> ndays <- c(31, 28.25, rep(c(31,30, 31,30, 31), 2))
+> all.equal(s.y, aggregate(s.m, FUN = mean))                     # 0.0013
+[1] "Mean relative difference: 0.001312539"
+> all.equal(s.y, aggregate(s.m, FUN = weighted.mean, w = ndays)) # 0.0017
+[1] "Mean relative difference: 0.001692215"
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("sunspots")
+> ### * sunspots
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: sunspots
+> ### Title: Monthly Sunspot Numbers, 1749-1983
+> ### Aliases: sunspots
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> plot(sunspots, main = "sunspots data", xlab = "Year",
++      ylab = "Monthly sunspot numbers")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("swiss")
+> ### * swiss
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: swiss
+> ### Title: Swiss Fertility and Socioeconomic Indicators (1888) Data
+> ### Aliases: swiss
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> pairs(swiss, panel = panel.smooth, main = "swiss data",
++       col = 3 + (swiss$Catholic > 50))
+> summary(lm(Fertility ~ . , data = swiss))
+
+Call:
+lm(formula = Fertility ~ ., data = swiss)
+
+Residuals:
+     Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
+-15.2743  -5.2617   0.5032   4.1198  15.3213 
+
+Coefficients:
+                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
+(Intercept)      66.91518   10.70604   6.250 1.91e-07 ***
+Agriculture      -0.17211    0.07030  -2.448  0.01873 *  
+Examination      -0.25801    0.25388  -1.016  0.31546    
+Education        -0.87094    0.18303  -4.758 2.43e-05 ***
+Catholic          0.10412    0.03526   2.953  0.00519 ** 
+Infant.Mortality  1.07705    0.38172   2.822  0.00734 ** 
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+Residual standard error: 7.165 on 41 degrees of freedom
+Multiple R-squared:  0.7067,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.671 
+F-statistic: 19.76 on 5 and 41 DF,  p-value: 5.594e-10
+
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("trees")
+> ### * trees
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: trees
+> ### Title: Diameter, Height and Volume for Black Cherry Trees
+> ### Aliases: trees
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> pairs(trees, panel = panel.smooth, main = "trees data")
+> plot(Volume ~ Girth, data = trees, log = "xy")
+> coplot(log(Volume) ~ log(Girth) | Height, data = trees,
++        panel = panel.smooth)
+> summary(fm1 <- lm(log(Volume) ~ log(Girth), data = trees))
+
+Call:
+lm(formula = log(Volume) ~ log(Girth), data = trees)
+
+Residuals:
+      Min        1Q    Median        3Q       Max 
+-0.205999 -0.068702  0.001011  0.072585  0.247963 
+
+Coefficients:
+            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
+(Intercept) -2.35332    0.23066  -10.20 4.18e-11 ***
+log(Girth)   2.19997    0.08983   24.49  < 2e-16 ***
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+Residual standard error: 0.115 on 29 degrees of freedom
+Multiple R-squared:  0.9539,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.9523 
+F-statistic: 599.7 on 1 and 29 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
+
+> summary(fm2 <- update(fm1, ~ . + log(Height), data = trees))
+
+Call:
+lm(formula = log(Volume) ~ log(Girth) + log(Height), data = trees)
+
+Residuals:
+      Min        1Q    Median        3Q       Max 
+-0.168561 -0.048488  0.002431  0.063637  0.129223 
+
+Coefficients:
+            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
+(Intercept) -6.63162    0.79979  -8.292 5.06e-09 ***
+log(Girth)   1.98265    0.07501  26.432  < 2e-16 ***
+log(Height)  1.11712    0.20444   5.464 7.81e-06 ***
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+Residual standard error: 0.08139 on 28 degrees of freedom
+Multiple R-squared:  0.9777,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.9761 
+F-statistic: 613.2 on 2 and 28 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
+
+> step(fm2)
+Start:  AIC=-152.69
+log(Volume) ~ log(Girth) + log(Height)
+
+              Df Sum of Sq    RSS      AIC
+<none>                     0.1855 -152.685
+- log(Height)  1    0.1978 0.3832 -132.185
+- log(Girth)   1    4.6275 4.8130  -53.743
+
+Call:
+lm(formula = log(Volume) ~ log(Girth) + log(Height), data = trees)
+
+Coefficients:
+(Intercept)   log(Girth)  log(Height)  
+     -6.632        1.983        1.117  
+
+> ## i.e., Volume ~= c * Height * Girth^2  seems reasonable
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("uspop")
+> ### * uspop
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: uspop
+> ### Title: Populations Recorded by the US Census
+> ### Aliases: uspop
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> plot(uspop, log = "y", main = "uspop data", xlab = "Year",
++      ylab = "U.S. Population (millions)")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("volcano")
+> ### * volcano
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: volcano
+> ### Title: Topographic Information on Auckland's Maunga Whau Volcano
+> ### Aliases: volcano
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(grDevices); require(graphics)
+> filled.contour(volcano, color.palette = terrain.colors, asp = 1)
+> title(main = "volcano data: filled contour map")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("warpbreaks")
+> ### * warpbreaks
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: warpbreaks
+> ### Title: The Number of Breaks in Yarn during Weaving
+> ### Aliases: warpbreaks
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> summary(warpbreaks)
+     breaks      wool   tension
+ Min.   :10.00   A:27   L:18   
+ 1st Qu.:18.25   B:27   M:18   
+ Median :26.00          H:18   
+ Mean   :28.15                 
+ 3rd Qu.:34.00                 
+ Max.   :70.00                 
+> opar <- par(mfrow = c(1, 2), oma = c(0, 0, 1.1, 0))
+> plot(breaks ~ tension, data = warpbreaks, col = "lightgray",
++      varwidth = TRUE, subset = wool == "A", main = "Wool A")
+> plot(breaks ~ tension, data = warpbreaks, col = "lightgray",
++      varwidth = TRUE, subset = wool == "B", main = "Wool B")
+> mtext("warpbreaks data", side = 3, outer = TRUE)
+> par(opar)
+> summary(fm1 <- lm(breaks ~ wool*tension, data = warpbreaks))
+
+Call:
+lm(formula = breaks ~ wool * tension, data = warpbreaks)
+
+Residuals:
+     Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
+-19.5556  -6.8889  -0.6667   7.1944  25.4444 
+
+Coefficients:
+               Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
+(Intercept)      44.556      3.647  12.218 2.43e-16 ***
+woolB           -16.333      5.157  -3.167 0.002677 ** 
+tensionM        -20.556      5.157  -3.986 0.000228 ***
+tensionH        -20.000      5.157  -3.878 0.000320 ***
+woolB:tensionM   21.111      7.294   2.895 0.005698 ** 
+woolB:tensionH   10.556      7.294   1.447 0.154327    
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+Residual standard error: 10.94 on 48 degrees of freedom
+Multiple R-squared:  0.3778,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.3129 
+F-statistic: 5.828 on 5 and 48 DF,  p-value: 0.0002772
+
+> anova(fm1)
+Analysis of Variance Table
+
+Response: breaks
+             Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value    Pr(>F)    
+wool          1  450.7  450.67  3.7653 0.0582130 .  
+tension       2 2034.3 1017.13  8.4980 0.0006926 ***
+wool:tension  2 1002.8  501.39  4.1891 0.0210442 *  
+Residuals    48 5745.1  119.69                      
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> graphics::par(get("par.postscript", pos = 'CheckExEnv'))
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("women")
+> ### * women
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: women
+> ### Title: Average Heights and Weights for American Women
+> ### Aliases: women
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(graphics)
+> plot(women, xlab = "Height (in)", ylab = "Weight (lb)",
++      main = "women data: American women aged 30-39")
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> cleanEx()
+> nameEx("zCO2")
+> ### * zCO2
+> 
+> flush(stderr()); flush(stdout())
+> 
+> ### Name: CO2
+> ### Title: Carbon Dioxide Uptake in Grass Plants
+> ### Aliases: CO2
+> ### Keywords: datasets
+> 
+> ### ** Examples
+> 
+> require(stats); require(graphics)
+> ## Don't show: 
+> options(show.nls.convergence=FALSE)
+> ## End(Don't show)
+> coplot(uptake ~ conc | Plant, data = CO2, show.given = FALSE, type = "b")
+> ## fit the data for the first plant
+> fm1 <- nls(uptake ~ SSasymp(conc, Asym, lrc, c0),
++    data = CO2, subset = Plant == "Qn1")
+> summary(fm1)
+
+Formula: uptake ~ SSasymp(conc, Asym, lrc, c0)
+
+Parameters:
+     Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
+Asym  38.1398     0.9164  41.620 1.99e-06 ***
+lrc  -34.2766    18.9661  -1.807    0.145    
+c0    -4.3806     0.2042 -21.457 2.79e-05 ***
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+Residual standard error: 1.663 on 4 degrees of freedom
+
+> ## fit each plant separately
+> fmlist <- list()
+> for (pp in levels(CO2$Plant)) {
++   fmlist[[pp]] <- nls(uptake ~ SSasymp(conc, Asym, lrc, c0),
++       data = CO2, subset = Plant == pp)
++ }
+> ## check the coefficients by plant
+> print(sapply(fmlist, coef), digits = 3)
+        Qn1    Qn2    Qn3   Qc1    Qc3    Qc2    Mn3    Mn2   Mn1   Mc2     Mc3
+Asym  38.14  42.87  44.23 36.43  40.68  39.82  28.48  32.13 34.08 13.56   18.54
+lrc  -34.28 -29.66 -37.63 -9.90 -11.54 -51.53 -17.37 -29.04 -8.81 -1.98 -136.11
+c0    -4.38  -4.67  -4.49 -4.86  -4.95  -4.46  -4.59  -4.47 -5.06 -4.56   -3.47
+       Mc1
+Asym 21.79
+lrc   2.45
+c0   -5.14
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> ### * <FOOTER>
+> ###
+> cleanEx()
+> options(digits = 7L)
+> base::cat("Time elapsed: ", proc.time() - base::get("ptime", pos = 'CheckExEnv'),"\n")
+Time elapsed:  5.453 0.122 5.614 0 0 
+> grDevices::dev.off()
+null device 
+          1 
+> ###
+> ### Local variables: ***
+> ### mode: outline-minor ***
+> ### outline-regexp: "\\(> \\)?### [*]+" ***
+> ### End: ***
+> quit('no')