@needle-tools/engine 4.7.0-alpha → 4.7.0-next.22483b4

package/src/engine-components/RendererInstancing.ts

@@ -1,855 +1,855 @@
-import { BatchedMesh, BufferGeometry, Color, Material, Matrix4, Mesh, MeshStandardMaterial, Object3D, RawShaderMaterial } from "three";
-
-import { isDevEnvironment, showBalloonError } from "../engine/debug/index.js";
-import { Gizmos } from "../engine/engine_gizmos.js";
-import { $instancingAutoUpdateBounds, $instancingRenderer, NEED_UPDATE_INSTANCE_KEY } from "../engine/engine_instancing.js";
-import { Context } from "../engine/engine_setup.js";
-import { getParam, makeIdFromRandomWords } from "../engine/engine_utils.js";
-import { NEEDLE_progressive } from "../engine/extensions/index.js";
-import { GameObject } from "./Component.js";
-import type { Renderer } from "./Renderer.js";
-
-const debugInstancing = getParam("debuginstancing");
-
-declare class InstancingSetupArgs {
-    rend: Renderer;
-    foundMeshes: number;
-    useMatrixWorldAutoUpdate: boolean;
-};
-
-/**
- * Handles instancing for Needle Engine.
- */
-export class InstancingHandler {
-    static readonly instance: InstancingHandler = new InstancingHandler();
-
-    /** This is the initial instance count when creating a new instancing structure.    
-     * Override this and the number of max instances that you expect for a given object.
-     * The larger the value the more objects can be added without having to resize but it will also consume more memory.    
-     * (The instancing mesh renderer will grow x2 if the max instance count is reached)
-     * @default 4
-     * @returns The initial instance count
-     * */
-    static getStartInstanceCount = (_obj: Object3D) => {
-        return 4;
-    };
-
-    public objs: InstancedMeshRenderer[] = [];
-
-    public setup(renderer: Renderer, obj: Object3D, context: Context, handlesArray: InstanceHandle[] | null, args: InstancingSetupArgs, level: number = 0)
-        : InstanceHandle[] | null {
-
-        // make sure setting casting settings are applied so when we add the mesh to the InstancedMesh we can ask for the correct cast shadow setting
-        renderer.applySettings(obj);
-        const res = this.tryCreateOrAddInstance(obj, context, args);
-        if (res) {
-            if (handlesArray === null) handlesArray = [];
-            handlesArray.push(res);
-            // load texture lods
-            NEEDLE_progressive.assignTextureLOD(res.renderer.material, 0);
-
-            // Load mesh lods
-            // TODO: technically for multi meshes we do this work multiple times (we search for meshes in children and then use the renderer sharedMeshes... that doesnt make sense)
-            for (let i = 0; i < renderer.sharedMeshes.length; i++) {
-                const mesh = renderer.sharedMeshes[i];
-                const geometry = mesh.geometry;
-                NEEDLE_progressive.assignMeshLOD(mesh, 0).then(lod => {
-                    if (lod && renderer.activeAndEnabled && geometry != lod) {
-                        res.setGeometry(lod);
-                    }
-                });
-            }
-        }
-
-        else if (level <= 0 && obj.type !== "Mesh") {
-            const nextLevel = level + 1;
-            for (const ch of obj.children) {
-                handlesArray = this.setup(renderer, ch, context, handlesArray, args, nextLevel);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (level === 0) {
-            // For multi material objects we only want to track the root object's matrix
-            if (args.useMatrixWorldAutoUpdate && handlesArray && handlesArray.length >= 0) {
-                this.autoUpdateInstanceMatrix(obj);
-            }
-        }
-
-        return handlesArray;
-    }
-
-    private tryCreateOrAddInstance(obj: Object3D, context: Context, args: InstancingSetupArgs): InstanceHandle | null {
-        if (obj.type === "Mesh") {
-            const index = args.foundMeshes;
-            args.foundMeshes += 1;
-            if (!args.rend.enableInstancing) return null;
-            if (args.rend.enableInstancing === true) {
-                // instancing is enabled globally
-                // continue....
-            }
-            else {
-                if (index >= args.rend.enableInstancing.length) {
-                    if (debugInstancing) console.error("Something is wrong with instance setup", obj, args.rend.enableInstancing, index);
-                    return null;
-                }
-                if (!args.rend.enableInstancing[index]) {
-                    // instancing is disabled
-                    // console.log("Instancing is disabled", obj);
-                    return null;
-                }
-            }
-            // instancing is enabled:
-            const mesh = obj as Mesh;
-            // const geo = mesh.geometry as BufferGeometry;
-            const mat = mesh.material as Material;
-
-            for (const i of this.objs) {
-                if (!i.canAdd(mesh.geometry, mat)) continue;
-                const handle = i.addInstance(mesh);
-                return handle;
-            }
-            let maxInstances = InstancingHandler.getStartInstanceCount(obj);
-            if (!maxInstances || maxInstances < 0) {
-                maxInstances = 4;
-            }
-            let name = obj.name;
-            if (!name?.length) name = makeIdFromRandomWords();
-            const i = new InstancedMeshRenderer(name, mesh.geometry, mat, maxInstances, context);
-            this.objs.push(i);
-            const handle = i.addInstance(mesh);
-            return handle;
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    private autoUpdateInstanceMatrix(obj: Object3D) {
-        const original = obj.matrixWorld["multiplyMatrices"].bind(obj.matrixWorld);
-        const previousMatrix: Matrix4 = obj.matrixWorld.clone();
-        const matrixChangeWrapper = (a: Matrix4, b: Matrix4) => {
-            const newMatrixWorld = original(a, b);
-            if (obj[NEED_UPDATE_INSTANCE_KEY] || previousMatrix.equals(newMatrixWorld) === false) {
-                previousMatrix.copy(newMatrixWorld)
-                obj[NEED_UPDATE_INSTANCE_KEY] = true;
-            }
-            return newMatrixWorld;
-        };
-        obj.matrixWorld["multiplyMatrices"] = matrixChangeWrapper;
-        // wrap matrixWorldNeedsUpdate
-        // let originalMatrixWorldNeedsUpdate = obj.matrixWorldNeedsUpdate;
-        // Object.defineProperty(obj, "matrixWorldNeedsUpdate", {
-        //     get: () => {
-        //         return originalMatrixWorldNeedsUpdate;
-        //     },
-        //     set: (value: boolean) => {
-        //         if(value) console.warn("SET MATRIX WORLD NEEDS UPDATE");
-        //         originalMatrixWorldNeedsUpdate = value;
-        //     }
-        // });
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * The instance handle is used to interface with the mesh that is rendered using instancing.
- */
-export class InstanceHandle {
-
-    static readonly all: InstanceHandle[] = [];
-
-    /** The name of the object */
-    get name(): string {
-        return this.object.name;
-    }
-    get isActive() {
-        return this.__instanceIndex >= 0;
-    }
-    get vertexCount() {
-        return this.object.geometry.attributes.position.count;
-    }
-    get maxVertexCount() {
-        // we get the max of the estimated MAX lod vertex count and the actual vertex count
-        return Math.max(this.meshInformation.vertexCount, this.vertexCount);
-    }
-    get reservedVertexCount() {
-        return this.__reservedVertexRange;
-    }
-    get indexCount() {
-        return this.object.geometry.index ? this.object.geometry.index.count : 0;
-    }
-    get maxIndexCount() {
-        // we get the max of the estimated MAX lod index count and the actual index count
-        return Math.max(this.meshInformation.indexCount, this.indexCount);
-    }
-    get reservedIndexCount() {
-        return this.__reservedIndexRange;
-    }
-
-    /** The object that is being instanced */
-    readonly object: Mesh;
-
-    /** The instancer/BatchedMesh that is rendering this object*/
-    readonly renderer: InstancedMeshRenderer;
-
-    /** @internal */
-    __instanceIndex: number = -1;
-    /** @internal */
-    __reservedVertexRange: number = 0;
-    /** @internal */
-    __reservedIndexRange: number = 0;
-    __geometryIndex: number = -1;
-
-    /** The mesh information of the object - this tries to also calculate the LOD info */
-    readonly meshInformation: MeshInformation;
-
-    constructor(originalObject: Mesh, instancer: InstancedMeshRenderer) {
-        this.__instanceIndex = -1;
-        this.object = originalObject;
-        this.renderer = instancer;
-        originalObject[$instancingRenderer] = instancer;
-        // TODO: this doesn't have LOD information *yet* in some cases - hence we can not rely on it for the max vertex counts
-        this.meshInformation = getMeshInformation(originalObject.geometry);
-        InstanceHandle.all.push(this);
-    }
-
-    /** Calculates the mesh information again
-     * @returns true if the vertex count or index count has changed
-     */
-    updateMeshInformation(): boolean {
-        const newMeshInformation = getMeshInformation(this.object.geometry);
-        const oldVertexCount = this.meshInformation.vertexCount;
-        const oldIndexCount = this.meshInformation.indexCount;
-        Object.assign(this.meshInformation, newMeshInformation);
-        return oldVertexCount !== this.meshInformation.vertexCount || oldIndexCount !== this.meshInformation.indexCount;
-    }
-
-    /** Updates the matrix from the rendered object. Will also call updateWorldMatrix internally */
-    updateInstanceMatrix(updateChildren: boolean = false, updateMatrix: boolean = true) {
-        if (this.__instanceIndex < 0) return;
-        if (updateMatrix) this.object.updateWorldMatrix(true, updateChildren);
-        this.renderer.updateInstance(this.object.matrixWorld, this.__instanceIndex);
-    }
-    /** Updates the matrix of the instance */
-    setMatrix(matrix: Matrix4) {
-        if (this.__instanceIndex < 0) return;
-        this.renderer.updateInstance(matrix, this.__instanceIndex);
-    }
-
-    /** Can be used to change the geometry of this instance */
-    setGeometry(geo: BufferGeometry) {
-        if (this.__geometryIndex < 0) return false;
-
-        const self = this;
-
-        if (this.vertexCount > this.__reservedVertexRange) {
-            return handleInvalidRange(`Instancing: Can not update geometry (${this.name}), reserved vertex range is too small: ${this.__reservedVertexRange.toLocaleString()} < ${this.vertexCount.toLocaleString()} vertices for ${this.name}`);
-
-        }
-        if (this.indexCount > this.__reservedIndexRange) {
-            return handleInvalidRange(`Instancing: Can not update geometry (${this.name}), reserved index range is too small: ${this.__reservedIndexRange.toLocaleString()} < ${this.indexCount.toLocaleString()} indices for ${this.name}`);
-        }
-
-
-        return this.renderer.updateGeometry(geo, this.__geometryIndex);
-
-        function handleInvalidRange(error: string): boolean {
-            if (self.updateMeshInformation()) {
-                // Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(self.object.worldPosition, .5, 0xff0000, 5);
-                self.renderer.remove(self, true);
-                // Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(self.object.worldPosition, .5, 0x33ff00, 5);
-                // self.object.scale.multiplyScalar(10);
-                if (self.renderer.add(self)) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-            if (isDevEnvironment() || debugInstancing) {
-                console.error(error);
-            }
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /** Adds this object to the instancing renderer (effectively activating instancing) */
-    add() {
-        if (this.__instanceIndex >= 0) return;
-        this.renderer.add(this);
-        GameObject.markAsInstancedRendered(this.object, true);
-    }
-
-    /** Removes this object from the instancing renderer 
-     * @param delete_ If true, the instance handle will be removed from the global list
-    */
-    remove(delete_: boolean) {
-        if (this.__instanceIndex < 0) return;
-        this.renderer.remove(this, delete_);
-        GameObject.markAsInstancedRendered(this.object, false);
-        if (delete_) {
-            const i = InstanceHandle.all.indexOf(this);
-            if (i >= 0) {
-                InstanceHandle.all.splice(i, 1);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-class InstancedMeshRenderer {
-    /** The three instanced mesh
-     * @link https://threejs.org/docs/#api/en/objects/InstancedMesh
-     */
-    get batchedMesh() {
-        return this._batchedMesh;
-    }
-    get visible(): boolean {
-        return this._batchedMesh.visible;
-    }
-    set visible(val: boolean) {
-        this._batchedMesh.visible = val;
-    }
-    get castShadow(): boolean {
-        return this._batchedMesh.castShadow;
-    }
-    set castShadow(val: boolean) {
-        this._batchedMesh.castShadow = val;
-    }
-    set receiveShadow(val: boolean) {
-        this._batchedMesh.receiveShadow = val;
-    }
-
-    /** If true, the instancer is allowed to grow when the max instance count is reached */
-    allowResize: boolean = true;
-
-    /** The name of the instancer */
-    name: string = "";
-
-    /** The added geometry */
-    readonly geometry: BufferGeometry;
-
-    /** The material used for the instanced mesh */
-    readonly material: Material;
-
-    /** The current number of instances */
-    get count(): number { return this._currentInstanceCount; }
-
-    /** Update the bounding box and sphere of the instanced mesh 
-     * @param box If true, update the bounding box
-     * @param sphere If true, update the bounding sphere
-    */
-    updateBounds(box: boolean = true, sphere: boolean = true) {
-        this._needUpdateBounds = false;
-        if (box)
-            this._batchedMesh.computeBoundingBox();
-        if (sphere)
-            this._batchedMesh.computeBoundingSphere();
-        if (debugInstancing && this._batchedMesh.boundingSphere) {
-            const sphere = this._batchedMesh.boundingSphere;
-            // const worldPos = this._batchedMesh.worldPosition.add(sphere.center);
-            // const worldRadius = sphere!.radius;
-            Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(sphere.center, sphere.radius, 0x00ff00);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private _context: Context;
-    private _batchedMesh: BatchedMesh;
-    private _handles: (InstanceHandle | null)[] = [];
-    private readonly _geometryIds: Map<BufferGeometry, number> = new Map();
-    private _maxInstanceCount: number;
-
-    private _currentInstanceCount = 0;
-    private _currentVertexCount = 0;
-    private _currentIndexCount = 0;
-
-    private _maxVertexCount: number;
-    private _maxIndexCount: number;
-
-    private static nullMatrix: Matrix4 = new Matrix4();
-
-    /** Check if the geometry can be added to this instancer
-     * @param geometry The geometry to check
-     * @param material The material of the geometry
-     * @returns true if the geometry can be added
-     */
-    canAdd(geometry: BufferGeometry, material: Material): boolean {
-
-        if (this._maxVertexCount > 10_000_000) return false;
-
-        // The material instance must match
-        // perhaps at some point later we *could* check if it's the same shader and properties but this would be risky
-        if (material !== this.material) {
-            const canMergeMaterial = false;
-            // if (material.type === this.material.type) {
-            //     switch (material.type) {
-            //         case "MeshStandardMaterial":
-            //             // check if the material properties are the same
-            //             const m0 = this.material as MeshStandardMaterial;
-            //             const m1 = material as MeshStandardMaterial;
-            //             if(m0.map !== m1.map) return false;
-            //             // if(m0.color.equals(m1.color) === false) return false;
-            //             if(m0.roughness !== m1.roughness) return false;
-            //             if(m0.metalness !== m1.metalness) return false;
-            //             if(m0.envMap !== m1.envMap) return false;
-            //             if(m0.envMapIntensity !== m1.envMapIntensity) return false;
-            //             if(m0.lightMap !== m1.lightMap) return false;
-            //             if(m0.lightMapIntensity !== m1.lightMapIntensity) return false;
-            //             if(m0.aoMap !== m1.aoMap) return false;
-            //             if(m0.aoMapIntensity !== m1.aoMapIntensity) return false;
-            //             if(m0.emissive.equals(m1.emissive) === false) return false;
-            //             if(m0.emissiveIntensity !== m1.emissiveIntensity) return false;
-            //             if(m0.emissiveMap !== m1.emissiveMap) return false;
-            //             if(m0.bumpMap !== m1.bumpMap) return false;
-            //             if(m0.bumpScale !== m1.bumpScale) return false;
-            //             if(m0.normalMap !== m1.normalMap) return false;
-            //             if(m0.normalScale.equals(m1.normalScale) === false) return false;
-            //             if(m0.displacementMap !== m1.displacementMap) return false;
-            //             if(m0.displacementScale !== m1.displacementScale) return false;
-            //             if(m0.displacementBias !== m1.displacementBias) return false;
-            //             if(m0.roughnessMap !== m1.roughnessMap) return false;
-            //             if(m0.metalnessMap !== m1.metalnessMap) return false;
-            //             if(m0.alphaMap !== m1.alphaMap) return false;
-            //             if(m0.envMapIntensity !== m1.envMapIntensity) return false;
-            //             canMergeMaterial = true;
-            //             break;
-            //     }
-            // }
-            if (!canMergeMaterial) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // if(this.geometry !== _geometry) return false;
-
-        // console.log(geometry.name, geometry.uuid);
-
-        if (!this.validateGeometry(geometry)) return false;
-
-        // const validationMethod = this.inst["_validateGeometry"];
-        // if (!validationMethod) throw new Error("InstancedMesh does not have a _validateGeometry method");
-        // try {
-        //     validationMethod.call(this.inst, _geometry);
-        // }
-        // catch (err) {
-        //     // console.error(err);
-        //     return false;
-        // }
-
-        const hasSpace = !this.mustGrow(geometry);
-        if (hasSpace) return true;
-        if (this.allowResize) return true;
-
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    private _needUpdateBounds: boolean = false;
-    private _debugMaterial: MeshStandardMaterial | null = null;
-
-    constructor(name: string, geo: BufferGeometry, material: Material, initialMaxCount: number, context: Context) {
-        this.name = name;
-        this.geometry = geo;
-        this.material = material;
-        this._context = context;
-        this._maxInstanceCount = Math.max(2, initialMaxCount);
-        if (debugInstancing) {
-            this._debugMaterial = createDebugMaterial();
-        }
-        const estimate = this.tryEstimateVertexCountSize(this._maxInstanceCount, [geo], initialMaxCount);
-        this._maxVertexCount = estimate.vertexCount;
-        this._maxIndexCount = estimate.indexCount;
-        this._batchedMesh = new BatchedMesh(this._maxInstanceCount, this._maxVertexCount, this._maxIndexCount, this._debugMaterial ?? this.material);
-        // this.inst = new InstancedMesh(geo, material, count);
-        this._batchedMesh[$instancingAutoUpdateBounds] = true;
-        // this.inst.count = 0;
-        this._batchedMesh.visible = true;
-        this._context.scene.add(this._batchedMesh);
-
-        // Not handled by RawShaderMaterial, so we need to set the define explicitly.
-        // Edge case: theoretically some users of the material could use it in an
-        // instanced fashion, and some others not. In that case, the material would not
-        // be able to be shared between the two use cases. We could probably add a
-        // onBeforeRender call for the InstancedMesh and set the define there.
-        // Same would apply if we support skinning - 
-        // there we would have to split instanced batches so that the ones using skinning
-        // are all in the same batch.
-        if (material instanceof RawShaderMaterial) {
-            material.defines["USE_INSTANCING"] = true;
-            material.needsUpdate = true;
-        }
-
-        context.pre_render_callbacks.push(this.onBeforeRender);
-        context.post_render_callbacks.push(this.onAfterRender);
-
-        if (debugInstancing) {
-            console.log(`Instanced renderer created with ${this._maxInstanceCount} instances, ${this._maxVertexCount} max vertices and ${this._maxIndexCount} max indices for \"${name}\"`)
-        }
-    }
-
-    dispose() {
-        if (debugInstancing) console.warn("Dispose instanced renderer", this.name);
-        this._context.scene.remove(this._batchedMesh);
-        this._batchedMesh.dispose();
-        this._batchedMesh = null as any;
-        this._handles = [];
-    }
-
-    addInstance(obj: Mesh): InstanceHandle | null {
-
-        const handle = new InstanceHandle(obj, this);
-
-        if (obj.castShadow === true && this._batchedMesh.castShadow === false) {
-            this._batchedMesh.castShadow = true;
-        }
-        if (obj.receiveShadow === true && this._batchedMesh.receiveShadow === false) {
-            this._batchedMesh.receiveShadow = true;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            this.add(handle);
-        }
-        catch (e) {
-            console.error(`Failed adding mesh to instancing (object name: \"${obj.name}\", instances: ${this._currentInstanceCount.toLocaleString()}/${this._maxInstanceCount.toLocaleString()}, vertices: ${this._currentVertexCount.toLocaleString()}/${this._maxVertexCount.toLocaleString()}, indices: ${this._currentIndexCount.toLocaleString()}/${this._maxIndexCount.toLocaleString()})\n`, e);
-            if (isDevEnvironment()) {
-                showBalloonError("Failed instancing mesh. See the browser console for details.");
-                debugger;
-            }
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        return handle;
-    }
-
-
-    add(handle: InstanceHandle) {
-        const geo = handle.object.geometry as BufferGeometry;
-
-        if (!geo || !geo.attributes) {
-            console.error("Cannot add object to instancing without geometry", handle.name);
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if (this.mustGrow(geo)) {
-            if (this.allowResize) {
-                this.grow(geo);
-            }
-            else {
-                console.error("Cannot add instance, max count reached", this.name, this.count, this._maxInstanceCount);
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-
-        handle.object.updateWorldMatrix(true, true);
-        this.addGeometry(handle);
-        this._handles[handle.__instanceIndex] = handle;
-        this._currentInstanceCount += 1;
-
-        this.markNeedsUpdate();
-
-        if (this._currentInstanceCount > 0)
-            this._batchedMesh.visible = true;
-
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    remove(handle: InstanceHandle, delete_: boolean) {
-        if (!handle) {
-            return;
-        }
-        if (handle.__instanceIndex < 0 || this._handles[handle.__instanceIndex] != handle || this._currentInstanceCount <= 0) {
-            // console.warn("Cannot remove instance, handle is invalid", handle.name);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        this.removeGeometry(handle, delete_);
-        this._handles[handle.__instanceIndex] = null;
-        handle.__instanceIndex = -1;
-
-        if (this._currentInstanceCount > 0) {
-            this._currentInstanceCount -= 1;
-        }
-
-        if (this._currentInstanceCount <= 0)
-            this._batchedMesh.visible = false;
-
-        this.markNeedsUpdate();
-    }
-
-    updateInstance(mat: Matrix4, index: number) {
-        this._batchedMesh.setMatrixAt(index, mat);
-        this.markNeedsUpdate();
-    }
-
-    updateGeometry(geo: BufferGeometry, geometryIndex: number): boolean {
-        if (!this.validateGeometry(geo)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if (this.mustGrow()) {
-            this.grow(geo);
-        }
-        if (debugInstancing)
-            console.debug("[Instancing] UPDATE GEOMETRY at " + geometryIndex, this._batchedMesh["_geometryCount"], geo.name, getMeshInformation(geo), geo.attributes.position.count, geo.index ? geo.index.count : 0);
-
-        this._batchedMesh.setGeometryAt(geometryIndex, geo);
-        // for LOD mesh updates we need to make sure to save the geometry index
-        this._geometryIds.set(geo, geometryIndex);
-        this.markNeedsUpdate();
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    private onBeforeRender = () => {
-        // ensure the instanced mesh is rendered / has correct layers
-        this._batchedMesh.layers.enableAll();
-
-        if (this._needUpdateBounds && this._batchedMesh[$instancingAutoUpdateBounds] === true) {
-            if (debugInstancing === "verbose") console.log("Update instancing bounds", this.name, this._batchedMesh.matrixWorldNeedsUpdate);
-            this.updateBounds();
-        }
-    }
-
-    private onAfterRender = () => {
-        // hide the instanced mesh again when its not being rendered (for raycasting we still use the original object)
-        this._batchedMesh.layers.disableAll();
-    }
-
-    private validateGeometry(geometry: BufferGeometry): boolean {
-        const batchGeometry = this.geometry;
-
-        for (const attributeName in batchGeometry.attributes) {
-            if (attributeName === "batchId") {
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (!geometry.hasAttribute(attributeName)) {
-                if (isDevEnvironment())
-                    console.warn(`BatchedMesh: Added geometry missing "${attributeName}". All geometries must have consistent attributes.`);
-                // geometry.setAttribute(attributeName, batchGeometry.getAttribute(attributeName).clone());
-                return false;
-                // throw new Error(`BatchedMesh: Added geometry missing "${attributeName}". All geometries must have consistent attributes.`);
-            }
-            // const srcAttribute = geometry.getAttribute(attributeName);
-            // const dstAttribute = batchGeometry.getAttribute(attributeName);
-            // if (srcAttribute.itemSize !== dstAttribute.itemSize || srcAttribute.normalized !== dstAttribute.normalized) {
-            //     if (debugInstancing) throw new Error('BatchedMesh: All attributes must have a consistent itemSize and normalized value.');
-            //     return false;
-            // }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    private markNeedsUpdate() {
-        if (debugInstancing === "verbose") {
-            console.warn("Marking instanced mesh dirty", this.name);
-        }
-        this._needUpdateBounds = true;
-        // this.inst.instanceMatrix.needsUpdate = true;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @param geo The geometry to add (if none is provided it means the geometry is already added and just updated)
-     */
-    private mustGrow(geo?: BufferGeometry): boolean {
-        if (this.count >= this._maxInstanceCount) return true;
-        if (!geo || !geo.attributes) return false;
-        const meshInfo = getMeshInformation(geo);
-        const newVertexCount = meshInfo.vertexCount;
-        const newIndexCount = meshInfo.indexCount;
-        return this._currentVertexCount + newVertexCount > this._maxVertexCount || this._currentIndexCount + newIndexCount > this._maxIndexCount;
-    }
-
-    private grow(geometry: BufferGeometry) {
-        const growFactor = 2;
-        const newSize = Math.ceil(this._maxInstanceCount * growFactor);
-
-        // create a new BatchedMesh instance
-        const estimatedSpace = this.tryEstimateVertexCountSize(newSize, [geometry]);// geometry.attributes.position.count;
-        // const indices = geometry.index ? geometry.index.count : 0;
-        const newMaxVertexCount = Math.max(this._maxVertexCount, estimatedSpace.vertexCount);
-        const newMaxIndexCount = Math.max(this._maxIndexCount, estimatedSpace.indexCount, Math.ceil(this._maxVertexCount * growFactor));
-
-        if (debugInstancing) {
-            const geometryInfo = getMeshInformation(geometry);
-            console.warn(`[Instancing] Growing Buffer\nMesh: \"${this.name}${geometry.name?.length ? "/" + geometry.name : ""}\"\n${geometryInfo.vertexCount} vertices, ${geometryInfo.indexCount} indices\nMax count ${this._maxInstanceCount} → ${newSize}\nMax vertex count ${this._maxVertexCount} -> ${newMaxVertexCount}\nMax index count ${this._maxIndexCount} -> ${newMaxIndexCount}`);
-            this._debugMaterial = createDebugMaterial();
-        }
-        else if (isDevEnvironment()) {
-            console.debug(`[Instancing] Growing Buffer\nMesh: \"${this.name}${geometry.name?.length ? "/" + geometry.name : ""}\"\nMax count ${this._maxInstanceCount} → ${newSize}\nMax vertex count ${this._maxVertexCount} -> ${newMaxVertexCount}\nMax index count ${this._maxIndexCount} -> ${newMaxIndexCount}`);
-        }
-
-        this._maxVertexCount = newMaxVertexCount;
-        this._maxIndexCount = newMaxIndexCount;
-        const newInst = new BatchedMesh(newSize, this._maxVertexCount, this._maxIndexCount, this._debugMaterial ?? this.material);
-        newInst.layers = this._batchedMesh.layers;
-        newInst.castShadow = this._batchedMesh.castShadow;
-        newInst.receiveShadow = this._batchedMesh.receiveShadow;
-        newInst.visible = this._batchedMesh.visible;
-        newInst[$instancingAutoUpdateBounds] = this._batchedMesh[$instancingAutoUpdateBounds];
-        newInst.matrixAutoUpdate = this._batchedMesh.matrixAutoUpdate;
-        newInst.matrixWorldNeedsUpdate = this._batchedMesh.matrixWorldNeedsUpdate;
-        newInst.matrixAutoUpdate = this._batchedMesh.matrixAutoUpdate;
-        newInst.matrixWorld.copy(this._batchedMesh.matrixWorld);
-        newInst.matrix.copy(this._batchedMesh.matrix);
-
-        // dispose the old batched mesh
-        this._batchedMesh.dispose();
-        this._batchedMesh.removeFromParent();
-        this._geometryIds.clear();
-
-        this._batchedMesh = newInst;
-        this._maxInstanceCount = newSize;
-
-        // since we have a new batched mesh we need to re-add all the instances
-        // fixes https://linear.app/needle/issue/NE-5711
-
-        // add current instances to new instanced mesh
-        const original = [...this._handles];
-        this._handles = [];
-        for (const handle of original) {
-            if (handle && handle.__instanceIndex >= 0) {
-                this.addGeometry(handle);
-                this._handles[handle.__instanceIndex] = handle;
-            }
-        }
-
-        this._context.scene.add(newInst);
-    }
-
-    private tryEstimateVertexCountSize(newMaxInstances: number, _newGeometries?: BufferGeometry[], newGeometriesFactor: number = 1): MeshInformation {
-        /** Used geometries and how many instances use them  */
-        const usedGeometries = new Map<BufferGeometry, MeshInformation & { count: number }>();
-        for (const handle of this._handles) {
-            if (handle && handle.__instanceIndex >= 0 && handle.object.geometry) {
-                if (!usedGeometries.has(handle.object.geometry as BufferGeometry)) {
-                    const data = getMeshInformation(handle.object.geometry as BufferGeometry);
-                    const meshinfo = { count: 1, ...data };
-                    usedGeometries.set(handle.object.geometry as BufferGeometry, meshinfo);
-                }
-                else {
-                    const entry = usedGeometries.get(handle.object.geometry as BufferGeometry)!;
-                    entry.count += 1;
-                }
-
-            }
-        }
-
-        // then calculate the total vertex count
-        let totalVertices = 0;
-        let totalIndices = 0;
-        // let maxVertices = 0;
-        for (const [_geo, data] of usedGeometries) {
-            totalVertices += data.vertexCount * data.count;
-            totalIndices += data.indexCount * data.count;
-            // maxVertices = Math.max(maxVertices, geo.attributes.position.count * count);
-        }
-        // we calculate the average to make an educated guess of how many vertices will be needed with the new buffer count
-        const averageVerts = Math.ceil(totalVertices / Math.max(1, this._currentInstanceCount));
-        let maxVertexCount = averageVerts * newMaxInstances;
-        const averageIndices = Math.ceil(totalIndices / Math.max(1, this._currentInstanceCount));
-        let maxIndexCount = averageIndices * newMaxInstances * 2;
-
-        // if new geometries are provided we *know* that they will be added
-        // so we make sure to include them in the calculation
-        if (_newGeometries) {
-            for (const geo of _newGeometries) {
-                const meshinfo = getMeshInformation(geo);
-                if (meshinfo != null) {
-                    maxVertexCount += meshinfo.vertexCount * newGeometriesFactor;
-                    maxIndexCount += meshinfo.indexCount * newGeometriesFactor;
-                }
-
-            }
-        }
-
-        return { vertexCount: maxVertexCount, indexCount: maxIndexCount };
-    }
-
-
-    private addGeometry(handle: InstanceHandle) {
-
-        const obj = handle.object;
-        const geo = obj.geometry as BufferGeometry;
-        if (!geo) {
-            // if the geometry is null we cannot add it
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // otherwise add more geometry / instances
-        let geometryId = this._geometryIds.get(geo);
-        if (geometryId === undefined || geometryId === null) {
-            if (debugInstancing)
-                console.debug(`[Instancing] > ADD NEW GEOMETRY \"${handle.name} (${geo.name}; ${geo.uuid})\"\n${this._currentInstanceCount} instances, ${handle.maxVertexCount} max vertices, ${handle.maxIndexCount} max indices`);
-
-            geometryId = this._batchedMesh.addGeometry(geo, handle.maxVertexCount, handle.maxIndexCount);
-            this._geometryIds.set(geo, geometryId);
-        }
-        else {
-            if (debugInstancing === "verbose") console.log(`[Instancing] > ADD INSTANCE \"${handle.name}\"\nGEOMETRY_ID=${geometryId}\n${this._currentInstanceCount} instances`);
-        }
-        this._currentVertexCount += handle.maxVertexCount;
-        this._currentIndexCount += handle.maxIndexCount;
-        const i = this._batchedMesh.addInstance(geometryId);
-        handle.__geometryIndex = geometryId;
-        handle.__instanceIndex = i;
-        handle.__reservedVertexRange = handle.maxVertexCount;
-        handle.__reservedIndexRange = handle.maxIndexCount;
-        this._batchedMesh.setMatrixAt(i, handle.object.matrixWorld);
-        if (debugInstancing)
-            console.debug(`[Instancing] > ADDED INSTANCE \"${handle.name}\"\nGEOMETRY_ID=${geometryId}\n${this._currentInstanceCount} instances\nIndex: ${handle.__instanceIndex}`);
-
-    }
-
-
-    private removeGeometry(handle: InstanceHandle, _del: boolean) {
-        if (handle.__instanceIndex < 0) {
-            console.warn("Cannot remove geometry, instance index is invalid", handle.name);
-            return;
-        }
-        // deleteGeometry is currently not useable since there's no optimize method
-        // https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js/issues/27985
-        // if (del)
-        //     this.inst.deleteGeometry(handle.__instanceIndex);
-        // else 
-        // this._batchedMesh.setVisibleAt(handle.__instanceIndex, false);
-        if(debugInstancing) {
-            console.debug(`[Instancing] < REMOVE INSTANCE \"${handle.name}\" at [${handle.__instanceIndex}]\nGEOMETRY_ID=${handle.__geometryIndex}\n${this._currentInstanceCount} instances\nIndex: ${handle.__instanceIndex}`);
-        }
-        this._batchedMesh.deleteInstance(handle.__instanceIndex);
-    }
-}
-
-declare type BucketInfo = {
-    geometryIndex: number;
-    vertexCount: number;
-    indexCount: number;
-}
-
-declare type MeshInformation = {
-    vertexCount: number;
-    indexCount: number;
-}
-
-function getMeshInformation(geo: BufferGeometry): MeshInformation {
-    if (!geo) {
-        if (isDevEnvironment()) console.error("Cannot get mesh information from null geometry");
-        return { vertexCount: 0, indexCount: 0 };
-    }
-    let vertexCount = geo.attributes?.position?.count || 0;
-    let indexCount = geo.index ? geo.index.count : 0;
-    const lodInfo = NEEDLE_progressive.getMeshLODInformation(geo);
-    if (lodInfo) {
-        const lod0 = lodInfo.lods[0];
-        let lod0Count = lod0.vertexCount;
-        let lod0IndexCount = lod0.indexCount;
-        // add some wiggle room: https://linear.app/needle/issue/NE-4505
-        const extra = Math.min(200, Math.ceil(lod0Count * .05));
-        lod0Count += extra;
-        lod0IndexCount += 20;
-        vertexCount = Math.max(vertexCount, lod0Count);
-        indexCount = Math.max(indexCount, lod0IndexCount);
-    }
-    vertexCount = Math.ceil(vertexCount);
-    indexCount = Math.ceil(indexCount);
-    return { vertexCount, indexCount };
-}
-
-function createDebugMaterial() {
-    const mat = new MeshStandardMaterial({ color: new Color(Math.random(), Math.random(), Math.random()) });
-    mat.emissive = mat.color;
-    mat.emissiveIntensity = .3;
-    if (getParam("wireframe"))
-        mat.wireframe = true;
-    return mat;
-}
+import { BatchedMesh, BufferGeometry, Color, Material, Matrix4, Mesh, MeshStandardMaterial, Object3D, RawShaderMaterial } from "three";
+
+import { isDevEnvironment, showBalloonError } from "../engine/debug/index.js";
+import { Gizmos } from "../engine/engine_gizmos.js";
+import { $instancingAutoUpdateBounds, $instancingRenderer, NEED_UPDATE_INSTANCE_KEY } from "../engine/engine_instancing.js";
+import { Context } from "../engine/engine_setup.js";
+import { getParam, makeIdFromRandomWords } from "../engine/engine_utils.js";
+import { NEEDLE_progressive } from "../engine/extensions/index.js";
+import { GameObject } from "./Component.js";
+import type { Renderer } from "./Renderer.js";
+
+const debugInstancing = getParam("debuginstancing");
+
+declare class InstancingSetupArgs {
+    rend: Renderer;
+    foundMeshes: number;
+    useMatrixWorldAutoUpdate: boolean;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Handles instancing for Needle Engine.
+ */
+export class InstancingHandler {
+    static readonly instance: InstancingHandler = new InstancingHandler();
+
+    /** This is the initial instance count when creating a new instancing structure.    
+     * Override this and the number of max instances that you expect for a given object.
+     * The larger the value the more objects can be added without having to resize but it will also consume more memory.    
+     * (The instancing mesh renderer will grow x2 if the max instance count is reached)
+     * @default 4
+     * @returns The initial instance count
+     * */
+    static getStartInstanceCount = (_obj: Object3D) => {
+        return 4;
+    };
+
+    public objs: InstancedMeshRenderer[] = [];
+
+    public setup(renderer: Renderer, obj: Object3D, context: Context, handlesArray: InstanceHandle[] | null, args: InstancingSetupArgs, level: number = 0)
+        : InstanceHandle[] | null {
+
+        // make sure setting casting settings are applied so when we add the mesh to the InstancedMesh we can ask for the correct cast shadow setting
+        renderer.applySettings(obj);
+        const res = this.tryCreateOrAddInstance(obj, context, args);
+        if (res) {
+            if (handlesArray === null) handlesArray = [];
+            handlesArray.push(res);
+            // load texture lods
+            NEEDLE_progressive.assignTextureLOD(res.renderer.material, 0);
+
+            // Load mesh lods
+            // TODO: technically for multi meshes we do this work multiple times (we search for meshes in children and then use the renderer sharedMeshes... that doesnt make sense)
+            for (let i = 0; i < renderer.sharedMeshes.length; i++) {
+                const mesh = renderer.sharedMeshes[i];
+                const geometry = mesh.geometry;
+                NEEDLE_progressive.assignMeshLOD(mesh, 0).then(lod => {
+                    if (lod && renderer.activeAndEnabled && geometry != lod) {
+                        res.setGeometry(lod);
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        else if (level <= 0 && obj.type !== "Mesh") {
+            const nextLevel = level + 1;
+            for (const ch of obj.children) {
+                handlesArray = this.setup(renderer, ch, context, handlesArray, args, nextLevel);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (level === 0) {
+            // For multi material objects we only want to track the root object's matrix
+            if (args.useMatrixWorldAutoUpdate && handlesArray && handlesArray.length >= 0) {
+                this.autoUpdateInstanceMatrix(obj);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return handlesArray;
+    }
+
+    private tryCreateOrAddInstance(obj: Object3D, context: Context, args: InstancingSetupArgs): InstanceHandle | null {
+        if (obj.type === "Mesh") {
+            const index = args.foundMeshes;
+            args.foundMeshes += 1;
+            if (!args.rend.enableInstancing) return null;
+            if (args.rend.enableInstancing === true) {
+                // instancing is enabled globally
+                // continue....
+            }
+            else {
+                if (index >= args.rend.enableInstancing.length) {
+                    if (debugInstancing) console.error("Something is wrong with instance setup", obj, args.rend.enableInstancing, index);
+                    return null;
+                }
+                if (!args.rend.enableInstancing[index]) {
+                    // instancing is disabled
+                    // console.log("Instancing is disabled", obj);
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+            // instancing is enabled:
+            const mesh = obj as Mesh;
+            // const geo = mesh.geometry as BufferGeometry;
+            const mat = mesh.material as Material;
+
+            for (const i of this.objs) {
+                if (!i.canAdd(mesh.geometry, mat)) continue;
+                const handle = i.addInstance(mesh);
+                return handle;
+            }
+            let maxInstances = InstancingHandler.getStartInstanceCount(obj);
+            if (!maxInstances || maxInstances < 0) {
+                maxInstances = 4;
+            }
+            let name = obj.name;
+            if (!name?.length) name = makeIdFromRandomWords();
+            const i = new InstancedMeshRenderer(name, mesh.geometry, mat, maxInstances, context);
+            this.objs.push(i);
+            const handle = i.addInstance(mesh);
+            return handle;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private autoUpdateInstanceMatrix(obj: Object3D) {
+        const original = obj.matrixWorld["multiplyMatrices"].bind(obj.matrixWorld);
+        const previousMatrix: Matrix4 = obj.matrixWorld.clone();
+        const matrixChangeWrapper = (a: Matrix4, b: Matrix4) => {
+            const newMatrixWorld = original(a, b);
+            if (obj[NEED_UPDATE_INSTANCE_KEY] || previousMatrix.equals(newMatrixWorld) === false) {
+                previousMatrix.copy(newMatrixWorld)
+                obj[NEED_UPDATE_INSTANCE_KEY] = true;
+            }
+            return newMatrixWorld;
+        };
+        obj.matrixWorld["multiplyMatrices"] = matrixChangeWrapper;
+        // wrap matrixWorldNeedsUpdate
+        // let originalMatrixWorldNeedsUpdate = obj.matrixWorldNeedsUpdate;
+        // Object.defineProperty(obj, "matrixWorldNeedsUpdate", {
+        //     get: () => {
+        //         return originalMatrixWorldNeedsUpdate;
+        //     },
+        //     set: (value: boolean) => {
+        //         if(value) console.warn("SET MATRIX WORLD NEEDS UPDATE");
+        //         originalMatrixWorldNeedsUpdate = value;
+        //     }
+        // });
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The instance handle is used to interface with the mesh that is rendered using instancing.
+ */
+export class InstanceHandle {
+
+    static readonly all: InstanceHandle[] = [];
+
+    /** The name of the object */
+    get name(): string {
+        return this.object.name;
+    }
+    get isActive() {
+        return this.__instanceIndex >= 0;
+    }
+    get vertexCount() {
+        return this.object.geometry.attributes.position.count;
+    }
+    get maxVertexCount() {
+        // we get the max of the estimated MAX lod vertex count and the actual vertex count
+        return Math.max(this.meshInformation.vertexCount, this.vertexCount);
+    }
+    get reservedVertexCount() {
+        return this.__reservedVertexRange;
+    }
+    get indexCount() {
+        return this.object.geometry.index ? this.object.geometry.index.count : 0;
+    }
+    get maxIndexCount() {
+        // we get the max of the estimated MAX lod index count and the actual index count
+        return Math.max(this.meshInformation.indexCount, this.indexCount);
+    }
+    get reservedIndexCount() {
+        return this.__reservedIndexRange;
+    }
+
+    /** The object that is being instanced */
+    readonly object: Mesh;
+
+    /** The instancer/BatchedMesh that is rendering this object*/
+    readonly renderer: InstancedMeshRenderer;
+
+    /** @internal */
+    __instanceIndex: number = -1;
+    /** @internal */
+    __reservedVertexRange: number = 0;
+    /** @internal */
+    __reservedIndexRange: number = 0;
+    __geometryIndex: number = -1;
+
+    /** The mesh information of the object - this tries to also calculate the LOD info */
+    readonly meshInformation: MeshInformation;
+
+    constructor(originalObject: Mesh, instancer: InstancedMeshRenderer) {
+        this.__instanceIndex = -1;
+        this.object = originalObject;
+        this.renderer = instancer;
+        originalObject[$instancingRenderer] = instancer;
+        // TODO: this doesn't have LOD information *yet* in some cases - hence we can not rely on it for the max vertex counts
+        this.meshInformation = getMeshInformation(originalObject.geometry);
+        InstanceHandle.all.push(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Calculates the mesh information again
+     * @returns true if the vertex count or index count has changed
+     */
+    updateMeshInformation(): boolean {
+        const newMeshInformation = getMeshInformation(this.object.geometry);
+        const oldVertexCount = this.meshInformation.vertexCount;
+        const oldIndexCount = this.meshInformation.indexCount;
+        Object.assign(this.meshInformation, newMeshInformation);
+        return oldVertexCount !== this.meshInformation.vertexCount || oldIndexCount !== this.meshInformation.indexCount;
+    }
+
+    /** Updates the matrix from the rendered object. Will also call updateWorldMatrix internally */
+    updateInstanceMatrix(updateChildren: boolean = false, updateMatrix: boolean = true) {
+        if (this.__instanceIndex < 0) return;
+        if (updateMatrix) this.object.updateWorldMatrix(true, updateChildren);
+        this.renderer.updateInstance(this.object.matrixWorld, this.__instanceIndex);
+    }
+    /** Updates the matrix of the instance */
+    setMatrix(matrix: Matrix4) {
+        if (this.__instanceIndex < 0) return;
+        this.renderer.updateInstance(matrix, this.__instanceIndex);
+    }
+
+    /** Can be used to change the geometry of this instance */
+    setGeometry(geo: BufferGeometry) {
+        if (this.__geometryIndex < 0) return false;
+
+        const self = this;
+
+        if (this.vertexCount > this.__reservedVertexRange) {
+            return handleInvalidRange(`Instancing: Can not update geometry (${this.name}), reserved vertex range is too small: ${this.__reservedVertexRange.toLocaleString()} < ${this.vertexCount.toLocaleString()} vertices for ${this.name}`);
+
+        }
+        if (this.indexCount > this.__reservedIndexRange) {
+            return handleInvalidRange(`Instancing: Can not update geometry (${this.name}), reserved index range is too small: ${this.__reservedIndexRange.toLocaleString()} < ${this.indexCount.toLocaleString()} indices for ${this.name}`);
+        }
+
+
+        return this.renderer.updateGeometry(geo, this.__geometryIndex);
+
+        function handleInvalidRange(error: string): boolean {
+            if (self.updateMeshInformation()) {
+                // Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(self.object.worldPosition, .5, 0xff0000, 5);
+                self.renderer.remove(self, true);
+                // Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(self.object.worldPosition, .5, 0x33ff00, 5);
+                // self.object.scale.multiplyScalar(10);
+                if (self.renderer.add(self)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            if (isDevEnvironment() || debugInstancing) {
+                console.error(error);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Adds this object to the instancing renderer (effectively activating instancing) */
+    add() {
+        if (this.__instanceIndex >= 0) return;
+        this.renderer.add(this);
+        GameObject.markAsInstancedRendered(this.object, true);
+    }
+
+    /** Removes this object from the instancing renderer 
+     * @param delete_ If true, the instance handle will be removed from the global list
+    */
+    remove(delete_: boolean) {
+        if (this.__instanceIndex < 0) return;
+        this.renderer.remove(this, delete_);
+        GameObject.markAsInstancedRendered(this.object, false);
+        if (delete_) {
+            const i = InstanceHandle.all.indexOf(this);
+            if (i >= 0) {
+                InstanceHandle.all.splice(i, 1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+class InstancedMeshRenderer {
+    /** The three instanced mesh
+     * @link https://threejs.org/docs/#api/en/objects/InstancedMesh
+     */
+    get batchedMesh() {
+        return this._batchedMesh;
+    }
+    get visible(): boolean {
+        return this._batchedMesh.visible;
+    }
+    set visible(val: boolean) {
+        this._batchedMesh.visible = val;
+    }
+    get castShadow(): boolean {
+        return this._batchedMesh.castShadow;
+    }
+    set castShadow(val: boolean) {
+        this._batchedMesh.castShadow = val;
+    }
+    set receiveShadow(val: boolean) {
+        this._batchedMesh.receiveShadow = val;
+    }
+
+    /** If true, the instancer is allowed to grow when the max instance count is reached */
+    allowResize: boolean = true;
+
+    /** The name of the instancer */
+    name: string = "";
+
+    /** The added geometry */
+    readonly geometry: BufferGeometry;
+
+    /** The material used for the instanced mesh */
+    readonly material: Material;
+
+    /** The current number of instances */
+    get count(): number { return this._currentInstanceCount; }
+
+    /** Update the bounding box and sphere of the instanced mesh 
+     * @param box If true, update the bounding box
+     * @param sphere If true, update the bounding sphere
+    */
+    updateBounds(box: boolean = true, sphere: boolean = true) {
+        this._needUpdateBounds = false;
+        if (box)
+            this._batchedMesh.computeBoundingBox();
+        if (sphere)
+            this._batchedMesh.computeBoundingSphere();
+        if (debugInstancing && this._batchedMesh.boundingSphere) {
+            const sphere = this._batchedMesh.boundingSphere;
+            // const worldPos = this._batchedMesh.worldPosition.add(sphere.center);
+            // const worldRadius = sphere!.radius;
+            Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(sphere.center, sphere.radius, 0x00ff00);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private _context: Context;
+    private _batchedMesh: BatchedMesh;
+    private _handles: (InstanceHandle | null)[] = [];
+    private readonly _geometryIds: Map<BufferGeometry, number> = new Map();
+    private _maxInstanceCount: number;
+
+    private _currentInstanceCount = 0;
+    private _currentVertexCount = 0;
+    private _currentIndexCount = 0;
+
+    private _maxVertexCount: number;
+    private _maxIndexCount: number;
+
+    private static nullMatrix: Matrix4 = new Matrix4();
+
+    /** Check if the geometry can be added to this instancer
+     * @param geometry The geometry to check
+     * @param material The material of the geometry
+     * @returns true if the geometry can be added
+     */
+    canAdd(geometry: BufferGeometry, material: Material): boolean {
+
+        if (this._maxVertexCount > 10_000_000) return false;
+
+        // The material instance must match
+        // perhaps at some point later we *could* check if it's the same shader and properties but this would be risky
+        if (material !== this.material) {
+            const canMergeMaterial = false;
+            // if (material.type === this.material.type) {
+            //     switch (material.type) {
+            //         case "MeshStandardMaterial":
+            //             // check if the material properties are the same
+            //             const m0 = this.material as MeshStandardMaterial;
+            //             const m1 = material as MeshStandardMaterial;
+            //             if(m0.map !== m1.map) return false;
+            //             // if(m0.color.equals(m1.color) === false) return false;
+            //             if(m0.roughness !== m1.roughness) return false;
+            //             if(m0.metalness !== m1.metalness) return false;
+            //             if(m0.envMap !== m1.envMap) return false;
+            //             if(m0.envMapIntensity !== m1.envMapIntensity) return false;
+            //             if(m0.lightMap !== m1.lightMap) return false;
+            //             if(m0.lightMapIntensity !== m1.lightMapIntensity) return false;
+            //             if(m0.aoMap !== m1.aoMap) return false;
+            //             if(m0.aoMapIntensity !== m1.aoMapIntensity) return false;
+            //             if(m0.emissive.equals(m1.emissive) === false) return false;
+            //             if(m0.emissiveIntensity !== m1.emissiveIntensity) return false;
+            //             if(m0.emissiveMap !== m1.emissiveMap) return false;
+            //             if(m0.bumpMap !== m1.bumpMap) return false;
+            //             if(m0.bumpScale !== m1.bumpScale) return false;
+            //             if(m0.normalMap !== m1.normalMap) return false;
+            //             if(m0.normalScale.equals(m1.normalScale) === false) return false;
+            //             if(m0.displacementMap !== m1.displacementMap) return false;
+            //             if(m0.displacementScale !== m1.displacementScale) return false;
+            //             if(m0.displacementBias !== m1.displacementBias) return false;
+            //             if(m0.roughnessMap !== m1.roughnessMap) return false;
+            //             if(m0.metalnessMap !== m1.metalnessMap) return false;
+            //             if(m0.alphaMap !== m1.alphaMap) return false;
+            //             if(m0.envMapIntensity !== m1.envMapIntensity) return false;
+            //             canMergeMaterial = true;
+            //             break;
+            //     }
+            // }
+            if (!canMergeMaterial) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // if(this.geometry !== _geometry) return false;
+
+        // console.log(geometry.name, geometry.uuid);
+
+        if (!this.validateGeometry(geometry)) return false;
+
+        // const validationMethod = this.inst["_validateGeometry"];
+        // if (!validationMethod) throw new Error("InstancedMesh does not have a _validateGeometry method");
+        // try {
+        //     validationMethod.call(this.inst, _geometry);
+        // }
+        // catch (err) {
+        //     // console.error(err);
+        //     return false;
+        // }
+
+        const hasSpace = !this.mustGrow(geometry);
+        if (hasSpace) return true;
+        if (this.allowResize) return true;
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private _needUpdateBounds: boolean = false;
+    private _debugMaterial: MeshStandardMaterial | null = null;
+
+    constructor(name: string, geo: BufferGeometry, material: Material, initialMaxCount: number, context: Context) {
+        this.name = name;
+        this.geometry = geo;
+        this.material = material;
+        this._context = context;
+        this._maxInstanceCount = Math.max(2, initialMaxCount);
+        if (debugInstancing) {
+            this._debugMaterial = createDebugMaterial();
+        }
+        const estimate = this.tryEstimateVertexCountSize(this._maxInstanceCount, [geo], initialMaxCount);
+        this._maxVertexCount = estimate.vertexCount;
+        this._maxIndexCount = estimate.indexCount;
+        this._batchedMesh = new BatchedMesh(this._maxInstanceCount, this._maxVertexCount, this._maxIndexCount, this._debugMaterial ?? this.material);
+        // this.inst = new InstancedMesh(geo, material, count);
+        this._batchedMesh[$instancingAutoUpdateBounds] = true;
+        // this.inst.count = 0;
+        this._batchedMesh.visible = true;
+        this._context.scene.add(this._batchedMesh);
+
+        // Not handled by RawShaderMaterial, so we need to set the define explicitly.
+        // Edge case: theoretically some users of the material could use it in an
+        // instanced fashion, and some others not. In that case, the material would not
+        // be able to be shared between the two use cases. We could probably add a
+        // onBeforeRender call for the InstancedMesh and set the define there.
+        // Same would apply if we support skinning - 
+        // there we would have to split instanced batches so that the ones using skinning
+        // are all in the same batch.
+        if (material instanceof RawShaderMaterial) {
+            material.defines["USE_INSTANCING"] = true;
+            material.needsUpdate = true;
+        }
+
+        context.pre_render_callbacks.push(this.onBeforeRender);
+        context.post_render_callbacks.push(this.onAfterRender);
+
+        if (debugInstancing) {
+            console.log(`Instanced renderer created with ${this._maxInstanceCount} instances, ${this._maxVertexCount} max vertices and ${this._maxIndexCount} max indices for \"${name}\"`)
+        }
+    }
+
+    dispose() {
+        if (debugInstancing) console.warn("Dispose instanced renderer", this.name);
+        this._context.scene.remove(this._batchedMesh);
+        this._batchedMesh.dispose();
+        this._batchedMesh = null as any;
+        this._handles = [];
+    }
+
+    addInstance(obj: Mesh): InstanceHandle | null {
+
+        const handle = new InstanceHandle(obj, this);
+
+        if (obj.castShadow === true && this._batchedMesh.castShadow === false) {
+            this._batchedMesh.castShadow = true;
+        }
+        if (obj.receiveShadow === true && this._batchedMesh.receiveShadow === false) {
+            this._batchedMesh.receiveShadow = true;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            this.add(handle);
+        }
+        catch (e) {
+            console.error(`Failed adding mesh to instancing (object name: \"${obj.name}\", instances: ${this._currentInstanceCount.toLocaleString()}/${this._maxInstanceCount.toLocaleString()}, vertices: ${this._currentVertexCount.toLocaleString()}/${this._maxVertexCount.toLocaleString()}, indices: ${this._currentIndexCount.toLocaleString()}/${this._maxIndexCount.toLocaleString()})\n`, e);
+            if (isDevEnvironment()) {
+                showBalloonError("Failed instancing mesh. See the browser console for details.");
+                debugger;
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return handle;
+    }
+
+
+    add(handle: InstanceHandle) {
+        const geo = handle.object.geometry as BufferGeometry;
+
+        if (!geo || !geo.attributes) {
+            console.error("Cannot add object to instancing without geometry", handle.name);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (this.mustGrow(geo)) {
+            if (this.allowResize) {
+                this.grow(geo);
+            }
+            else {
+                console.error("Cannot add instance, max count reached", this.name, this.count, this._maxInstanceCount);
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        handle.object.updateWorldMatrix(true, true);
+        this.addGeometry(handle);
+        this._handles[handle.__instanceIndex] = handle;
+        this._currentInstanceCount += 1;
+
+        this.markNeedsUpdate();
+
+        if (this._currentInstanceCount > 0)
+            this._batchedMesh.visible = true;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    remove(handle: InstanceHandle, delete_: boolean) {
+        if (!handle) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (handle.__instanceIndex < 0 || this._handles[handle.__instanceIndex] != handle || this._currentInstanceCount <= 0) {
+            // console.warn("Cannot remove instance, handle is invalid", handle.name);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        this.removeGeometry(handle, delete_);
+        this._handles[handle.__instanceIndex] = null;
+        handle.__instanceIndex = -1;
+
+        if (this._currentInstanceCount > 0) {
+            this._currentInstanceCount -= 1;
+        }
+
+        if (this._currentInstanceCount <= 0)
+            this._batchedMesh.visible = false;
+
+        this.markNeedsUpdate();
+    }
+
+    updateInstance(mat: Matrix4, index: number) {
+        this._batchedMesh.setMatrixAt(index, mat);
+        this.markNeedsUpdate();
+    }
+
+    updateGeometry(geo: BufferGeometry, geometryIndex: number): boolean {
+        if (!this.validateGeometry(geo)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (this.mustGrow()) {
+            this.grow(geo);
+        }
+        if (debugInstancing)
+            console.debug("[Instancing] UPDATE GEOMETRY at " + geometryIndex, this._batchedMesh["_geometryCount"], geo.name, getMeshInformation(geo), geo.attributes.position.count, geo.index ? geo.index.count : 0);
+
+        this._batchedMesh.setGeometryAt(geometryIndex, geo);
+        // for LOD mesh updates we need to make sure to save the geometry index
+        this._geometryIds.set(geo, geometryIndex);
+        this.markNeedsUpdate();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private onBeforeRender = () => {
+        // ensure the instanced mesh is rendered / has correct layers
+        this._batchedMesh.layers.enableAll();
+
+        if (this._needUpdateBounds && this._batchedMesh[$instancingAutoUpdateBounds] === true) {
+            if (debugInstancing === "verbose") console.log("Update instancing bounds", this.name, this._batchedMesh.matrixWorldNeedsUpdate);
+            this.updateBounds();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private onAfterRender = () => {
+        // hide the instanced mesh again when its not being rendered (for raycasting we still use the original object)
+        this._batchedMesh.layers.disableAll();
+    }
+
+    private validateGeometry(geometry: BufferGeometry): boolean {
+        const batchGeometry = this.geometry;
+
+        for (const attributeName in batchGeometry.attributes) {
+            if (attributeName === "batchId") {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!geometry.hasAttribute(attributeName)) {
+                if (isDevEnvironment())
+                    console.warn(`BatchedMesh: Added geometry missing "${attributeName}". All geometries must have consistent attributes.`);
+                // geometry.setAttribute(attributeName, batchGeometry.getAttribute(attributeName).clone());
+                return false;
+                // throw new Error(`BatchedMesh: Added geometry missing "${attributeName}". All geometries must have consistent attributes.`);
+            }
+            // const srcAttribute = geometry.getAttribute(attributeName);
+            // const dstAttribute = batchGeometry.getAttribute(attributeName);
+            // if (srcAttribute.itemSize !== dstAttribute.itemSize || srcAttribute.normalized !== dstAttribute.normalized) {
+            //     if (debugInstancing) throw new Error('BatchedMesh: All attributes must have a consistent itemSize and normalized value.');
+            //     return false;
+            // }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private markNeedsUpdate() {
+        if (debugInstancing === "verbose") {
+            console.warn("Marking instanced mesh dirty", this.name);
+        }
+        this._needUpdateBounds = true;
+        // this.inst.instanceMatrix.needsUpdate = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param geo The geometry to add (if none is provided it means the geometry is already added and just updated)
+     */
+    private mustGrow(geo?: BufferGeometry): boolean {
+        if (this.count >= this._maxInstanceCount) return true;
+        if (!geo || !geo.attributes) return false;
+        const meshInfo = getMeshInformation(geo);
+        const newVertexCount = meshInfo.vertexCount;
+        const newIndexCount = meshInfo.indexCount;
+        return this._currentVertexCount + newVertexCount > this._maxVertexCount || this._currentIndexCount + newIndexCount > this._maxIndexCount;
+    }
+
+    private grow(geometry: BufferGeometry) {
+        const growFactor = 2;
+        const newSize = Math.ceil(this._maxInstanceCount * growFactor);
+
+        // create a new BatchedMesh instance
+        const estimatedSpace = this.tryEstimateVertexCountSize(newSize, [geometry]);// geometry.attributes.position.count;
+        // const indices = geometry.index ? geometry.index.count : 0;
+        const newMaxVertexCount = Math.max(this._maxVertexCount, estimatedSpace.vertexCount);
+        const newMaxIndexCount = Math.max(this._maxIndexCount, estimatedSpace.indexCount, Math.ceil(this._maxVertexCount * growFactor));
+
+        if (debugInstancing) {
+            const geometryInfo = getMeshInformation(geometry);
+            console.warn(`[Instancing] Growing Buffer\nMesh: \"${this.name}${geometry.name?.length ? "/" + geometry.name : ""}\"\n${geometryInfo.vertexCount} vertices, ${geometryInfo.indexCount} indices\nMax count ${this._maxInstanceCount} → ${newSize}\nMax vertex count ${this._maxVertexCount} -> ${newMaxVertexCount}\nMax index count ${this._maxIndexCount} -> ${newMaxIndexCount}`);
+            this._debugMaterial = createDebugMaterial();
+        }
+        else if (isDevEnvironment()) {
+            console.debug(`[Instancing] Growing Buffer\nMesh: \"${this.name}${geometry.name?.length ? "/" + geometry.name : ""}\"\nMax count ${this._maxInstanceCount} → ${newSize}\nMax vertex count ${this._maxVertexCount} -> ${newMaxVertexCount}\nMax index count ${this._maxIndexCount} -> ${newMaxIndexCount}`);
+        }
+
+        this._maxVertexCount = newMaxVertexCount;
+        this._maxIndexCount = newMaxIndexCount;
+        const newInst = new BatchedMesh(newSize, this._maxVertexCount, this._maxIndexCount, this._debugMaterial ?? this.material);
+        newInst.layers = this._batchedMesh.layers;
+        newInst.castShadow = this._batchedMesh.castShadow;
+        newInst.receiveShadow = this._batchedMesh.receiveShadow;
+        newInst.visible = this._batchedMesh.visible;
+        newInst[$instancingAutoUpdateBounds] = this._batchedMesh[$instancingAutoUpdateBounds];
+        newInst.matrixAutoUpdate = this._batchedMesh.matrixAutoUpdate;
+        newInst.matrixWorldNeedsUpdate = this._batchedMesh.matrixWorldNeedsUpdate;
+        newInst.matrixAutoUpdate = this._batchedMesh.matrixAutoUpdate;
+        newInst.matrixWorld.copy(this._batchedMesh.matrixWorld);
+        newInst.matrix.copy(this._batchedMesh.matrix);
+
+        // dispose the old batched mesh
+        this._batchedMesh.dispose();
+        this._batchedMesh.removeFromParent();
+        this._geometryIds.clear();
+
+        this._batchedMesh = newInst;
+        this._maxInstanceCount = newSize;
+
+        // since we have a new batched mesh we need to re-add all the instances
+        // fixes https://linear.app/needle/issue/NE-5711
+
+        // add current instances to new instanced mesh
+        const original = [...this._handles];
+        this._handles = [];
+        for (const handle of original) {
+            if (handle && handle.__instanceIndex >= 0) {
+                this.addGeometry(handle);
+                this._handles[handle.__instanceIndex] = handle;
+            }
+        }
+
+        this._context.scene.add(newInst);
+    }
+
+    private tryEstimateVertexCountSize(newMaxInstances: number, _newGeometries?: BufferGeometry[], newGeometriesFactor: number = 1): MeshInformation {
+        /** Used geometries and how many instances use them  */
+        const usedGeometries = new Map<BufferGeometry, MeshInformation & { count: number }>();
+        for (const handle of this._handles) {
+            if (handle && handle.__instanceIndex >= 0 && handle.object.geometry) {
+                if (!usedGeometries.has(handle.object.geometry as BufferGeometry)) {
+                    const data = getMeshInformation(handle.object.geometry as BufferGeometry);
+                    const meshinfo = { count: 1, ...data };
+                    usedGeometries.set(handle.object.geometry as BufferGeometry, meshinfo);
+                }
+                else {
+                    const entry = usedGeometries.get(handle.object.geometry as BufferGeometry)!;
+                    entry.count += 1;
+                }
+
+            }
+        }
+
+        // then calculate the total vertex count
+        let totalVertices = 0;
+        let totalIndices = 0;
+        // let maxVertices = 0;
+        for (const [_geo, data] of usedGeometries) {
+            totalVertices += data.vertexCount * data.count;
+            totalIndices += data.indexCount * data.count;
+            // maxVertices = Math.max(maxVertices, geo.attributes.position.count * count);
+        }
+        // we calculate the average to make an educated guess of how many vertices will be needed with the new buffer count
+        const averageVerts = Math.ceil(totalVertices / Math.max(1, this._currentInstanceCount));
+        let maxVertexCount = averageVerts * newMaxInstances;
+        const averageIndices = Math.ceil(totalIndices / Math.max(1, this._currentInstanceCount));
+        let maxIndexCount = averageIndices * newMaxInstances * 2;
+
+        // if new geometries are provided we *know* that they will be added
+        // so we make sure to include them in the calculation
+        if (_newGeometries) {
+            for (const geo of _newGeometries) {
+                const meshinfo = getMeshInformation(geo);
+                if (meshinfo != null) {
+                    maxVertexCount += meshinfo.vertexCount * newGeometriesFactor;
+                    maxIndexCount += meshinfo.indexCount * newGeometriesFactor;
+                }
+
+            }
+        }
+
+        return { vertexCount: maxVertexCount, indexCount: maxIndexCount };
+    }
+
+
+    private addGeometry(handle: InstanceHandle) {
+
+        const obj = handle.object;
+        const geo = obj.geometry as BufferGeometry;
+        if (!geo) {
+            // if the geometry is null we cannot add it
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // otherwise add more geometry / instances
+        let geometryId = this._geometryIds.get(geo);
+        if (geometryId === undefined || geometryId === null) {
+            if (debugInstancing)
+                console.debug(`[Instancing] > ADD NEW GEOMETRY \"${handle.name} (${geo.name}; ${geo.uuid})\"\n${this._currentInstanceCount} instances, ${handle.maxVertexCount} max vertices, ${handle.maxIndexCount} max indices`);
+
+            geometryId = this._batchedMesh.addGeometry(geo, handle.maxVertexCount, handle.maxIndexCount);
+            this._geometryIds.set(geo, geometryId);
+        }
+        else {
+            if (debugInstancing === "verbose") console.log(`[Instancing] > ADD INSTANCE \"${handle.name}\"\nGEOMETRY_ID=${geometryId}\n${this._currentInstanceCount} instances`);
+        }
+        this._currentVertexCount += handle.maxVertexCount;
+        this._currentIndexCount += handle.maxIndexCount;
+        const i = this._batchedMesh.addInstance(geometryId);
+        handle.__geometryIndex = geometryId;
+        handle.__instanceIndex = i;
+        handle.__reservedVertexRange = handle.maxVertexCount;
+        handle.__reservedIndexRange = handle.maxIndexCount;
+        this._batchedMesh.setMatrixAt(i, handle.object.matrixWorld);
+        if (debugInstancing)
+            console.debug(`[Instancing] > ADDED INSTANCE \"${handle.name}\"\nGEOMETRY_ID=${geometryId}\n${this._currentInstanceCount} instances\nIndex: ${handle.__instanceIndex}`);
+
+    }
+
+
+    private removeGeometry(handle: InstanceHandle, _del: boolean) {
+        if (handle.__instanceIndex < 0) {
+            console.warn("Cannot remove geometry, instance index is invalid", handle.name);
+            return;
+        }
+        // deleteGeometry is currently not useable since there's no optimize method
+        // https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js/issues/27985
+        // if (del)
+        //     this.inst.deleteGeometry(handle.__instanceIndex);
+        // else 
+        // this._batchedMesh.setVisibleAt(handle.__instanceIndex, false);
+        if(debugInstancing) {
+            console.debug(`[Instancing] < REMOVE INSTANCE \"${handle.name}\" at [${handle.__instanceIndex}]\nGEOMETRY_ID=${handle.__geometryIndex}\n${this._currentInstanceCount} instances\nIndex: ${handle.__instanceIndex}`);
+        }
+        this._batchedMesh.deleteInstance(handle.__instanceIndex);
+    }
+}
+
+declare type BucketInfo = {
+    geometryIndex: number;
+    vertexCount: number;
+    indexCount: number;
+}
+
+declare type MeshInformation = {
+    vertexCount: number;
+    indexCount: number;
+}
+
+function getMeshInformation(geo: BufferGeometry): MeshInformation {
+    if (!geo) {
+        if (isDevEnvironment()) console.error("Cannot get mesh information from null geometry");
+        return { vertexCount: 0, indexCount: 0 };
+    }
+    let vertexCount = geo.attributes?.position?.count || 0;
+    let indexCount = geo.index ? geo.index.count : 0;
+    const lodInfo = NEEDLE_progressive.getMeshLODInformation(geo);
+    if (lodInfo) {
+        const lod0 = lodInfo.lods[0];
+        let lod0Count = lod0.vertexCount;
+        let lod0IndexCount = lod0.indexCount;
+        // add some wiggle room: https://linear.app/needle/issue/NE-4505
+        const extra = Math.min(200, Math.ceil(lod0Count * .05));
+        lod0Count += extra;
+        lod0IndexCount += 20;
+        vertexCount = Math.max(vertexCount, lod0Count);
+        indexCount = Math.max(indexCount, lod0IndexCount);
+    }
+    vertexCount = Math.ceil(vertexCount);
+    indexCount = Math.ceil(indexCount);
+    return { vertexCount, indexCount };
+}
+
+function createDebugMaterial() {
+    const mat = new MeshStandardMaterial({ color: new Color(Math.random(), Math.random(), Math.random()) });
+    mat.emissive = mat.color;
+    mat.emissiveIntensity = .3;
+    if (getParam("wireframe"))
+        mat.wireframe = true;
+    return mat;
+}