@lakuna/umath 0.0.2 → 0.0.4

package/src/linear/Matrix2.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,709 @@
+import { SingularMatrixError, epsilon, type SquareMatrix } from "@lakuna/umath";
+import type { Vector2Like } from "@lakuna/umath/Vector2";
+
+/**
+ * Numbers arranged into two columns and two rows.
+ * @see [Matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics))
+ */
+export type Matrix2Like = Matrix2 | [
+	number, number,
+	number, number
+];
+
+/**
+ * Creates a transformation matrix that represents a rotation by the given angle around the Z-axis.
+ * @param radians The angle in radians.
+ * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+ * @returns The transformation matrix.
+ * @see [Rotation matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_matrix)
+ */
+export function fromRotation<T extends Matrix2Like>(radians: number, out: T): T {
+	const s: number = Math.sin(radians);
+	const c: number = Math.cos(radians);
+
+	out[0] = c;
+	out[1] = s;
+	out[2] = -s;
+	out[3] = c;
+	return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a transformation matrix that represents a scaling by the given vector.
+ * @param vector The scaling vector.
+ * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+ * @returns The transformation matrix.
+ * @see [Transformation matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_matrix)
+ */
+export function fromScaling<T extends Matrix2Like>(vector: Vector2Like, out: T): T {
+	out[0] = vector[0];
+	out[1] = 0;
+	out[2] = 0;
+	out[3] = vector[1];
+	return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a two-by-two matrix with the given values.
+ * @param c0r0 The value in the first column and first row.
+ * @param c0r1 The value in the first column and second row.
+ * @param c1r0 The value in the second column and first row.
+ * @param c1r1 The value in the second column and second row.
+ * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+ * @returns The matrix.
+ */
+export function fromValues<T extends Matrix2Like>(c0r0: number, c0r1: number, c1r0: number, c1r1: number, out: T): T {
+	out[0] = c0r0;
+	out[1] = c0r1;
+	out[2] = c1r0;
+	out[3] = c1r1;
+	return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determines whether two matrices are roughly equivalent.
+ * @param a The first matrix.
+ * @param b The second matrix.
+ * @returns Whether the matrices are equivalent.
+ */
+export function equals(a: Matrix2Like, b: Matrix2Like): boolean {
+	const a0: number = a[0];
+	const a1: number = a[1];
+	const a2: number = a[2];
+	const a3: number = a[3];
+
+	const b0: number = b[0];
+	const b1: number = b[1];
+	const b2: number = b[2];
+	const b3: number = b[3];
+
+	return (Math.abs(a0 - b0) <= epsilon * Math.max(1, Math.abs(a0), Math.abs(b0))
+		&& Math.abs(a1 - b1) <= epsilon * Math.max(1, Math.abs(a1), Math.abs(b1))
+		&& Math.abs(a2 - b2) <= epsilon * Math.max(1, Math.abs(a2), Math.abs(b2))
+		&& Math.abs(a3 - b3) <= epsilon * Math.max(1, Math.abs(a3), Math.abs(b3)));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determines whether two matrices are exactly equivalent.
+ * @param a The first matrix.
+ * @param b The second matrix.
+ * @returns Whether the matrices are equivalent.
+ */
+export function exactEquals(a: Matrix2Like, b: Matrix2Like): boolean {
+	return a[0] == b[0]
+		&& a[1] == b[1]
+		&& a[2] == b[2]
+		&& a[3] == b[3];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds two matrices.
+ * @param a The augend.
+ * @param b The addend.
+ * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+ * @returns The sum.
+ * @see [Matrix addition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_addition)
+ */
+export function add<T extends Matrix2Like>(a: Matrix2Like, b: Matrix2Like, out: T): T {
+	out[0] = a[0] + b[0];
+	out[1] = a[1] + b[1];
+	out[2] = a[2] + b[2];
+	out[3] = a[3] + b[3];
+	return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculates the adjugate of a matrix.
+ * @param matrix The matrix.
+ * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+ * @returns The adjugate of the matrix.
+ * @see [Adjugate matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjugate_matrix)
+ */
+export function adjoint<T extends Matrix2Like>(matrix: Matrix2Like, out: T): T {
+	const a0: number = matrix[0];
+	out[0] = matrix[3];
+	out[1] = -matrix[1];
+	out[2] = -matrix[2];
+	out[3] = a0;
+	return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Copies the values of one matrix to another.
+ * @param matrix The matrix to copy.
+ * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+ * @returns The copy matrix.
+ */
+export function copy<T extends Matrix2Like>(matrix: Matrix2Like, out: T): T {
+	out[0] = matrix[0];
+	out[1] = matrix[1];
+	out[2] = matrix[2];
+	out[3] = matrix[3];
+	return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculates the Frobenius norm of a matrix.
+ * @param matrix The matrix.
+ * @returns The Frobenius norm.
+ * @see [Matrix norm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_norm)
+ */
+export function frob(matrix: Matrix2Like): number {
+	return Math.hypot(
+		matrix[0] as number, matrix[1] as number,
+		matrix[2] as number, matrix[3] as number
+	);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Multiplies one matrix by another.
+ * @param a The multiplicand.
+ * @param b The multiplier.
+ * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+ * @returns The product.
+ * @see [Matrix multiplication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication)
+ */
+export function multiply<T extends Matrix2Like>(a: Matrix2Like, b: Matrix2Like, out: T): T {
+	const a0: number = a[0];
+	const a1: number = a[1];
+	const a2: number = a[2];
+	const a3: number = a[3];
+
+	const b0: number = b[0];
+	const b1: number = b[1];
+	const b2: number = b[2];
+	const b3: number = b[3];
+
+	out[0] = a0 * b0 + a2 * b1;
+	out[1] = a1 * b0 + a3 * b1;
+	out[2] = a0 * b2 + a2 * b3;
+	out[3] = a1 * b2 + a3 * b3;
+	return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Multiplies a matrix by a scalar value.
+ * @param matrix The multiplicand.
+ * @param scalar The multiplier.
+ * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+ * @returns The product.
+ * @see [Matrix multiplication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication)
+ */
+export function multiplyScalar<T extends Matrix2Like>(matrix: Matrix2Like, scalar: number, out: T): T {
+	out[0] = matrix[0] * scalar;
+	out[1] = matrix[1] * scalar;
+	out[2] = matrix[2] * scalar;
+	out[3] = matrix[3] * scalar;
+	return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds a matrix to another after multiplying the other by a scalar.
+ * @param a The augend.
+ * @param b The addend.
+ * @param scalar The multiplier.
+ * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+ * @returns The sum.
+ * @see [Matrix addition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_addition)
+ * @see [Matrix multiplication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication)
+ */
+export function multiplyScalarAndAdd<T extends Matrix2Like>(a: Matrix2Like, b: Matrix2Like, scalar: number, out: T): T {
+	out[0] = a[0] + b[0] * scalar;
+	out[1] = a[1] + b[1] * scalar;
+	out[2] = a[2] + b[2] * scalar;
+	out[3] = a[3] + b[3] * scalar;
+	return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Subtracts one matrix from another.
+ * @param a The minuend.
+ * @param b The subtrahend.
+ * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+ * @returns The difference.
+ * @see [Matrix addition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_addition)
+ */
+export function subtract<T extends Matrix2Like>(a: Matrix2Like, b: Matrix2Like, out: T): T {
+	out[0] = a[0] - b[0];
+	out[1] = a[1] - b[1];
+	out[2] = a[2] - b[2];
+	out[3] = a[3] - b[3];
+	return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Transposes a matrix.
+ * @param matrix The matrix.
+ * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+ * @returns The transpose of the matrix.
+ * @see [Transpose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpose)
+ */
+export function transpose<T extends Matrix2Like>(matrix: Matrix2Like, out: T): T {
+	if (out == matrix) {
+		const a1 = matrix[1];
+		out[1] = matrix[2];
+		out[2] = a1;
+	} else {
+		out[0] = matrix[0];
+		out[1] = matrix[2];
+		out[2] = matrix[1];
+		out[3] = matrix[3];
+	}
+	return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculates the determinant of a matrix.
+ * @param matrix The matrix.
+ * @returns The determinant.
+ * @see [Determinant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determinant)
+ */
+export function determinant(matrix: Matrix2Like): number {
+	return (matrix[0] as number) * (matrix[3] as number)
+		- (matrix[2] as number) * (matrix[1] as number);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resets a matrix to identity.
+ * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+ * @returns The matrix.
+ * @see [Identity matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_matrix)
+ */
+export function identity<T extends Matrix2Like>(out: T): T {
+	out[0] = 1;
+	out[1] = 0;
+	out[2] = 0;
+	out[3] = 1;
+	return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Inverts a matrix.
+ * @param matrix The matrix.
+ * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+ * @returns The inverted matrix.
+ * @see [Invertible matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertible_matrix)
+ */
+export function invert<T extends Matrix2Like>(matrix: Matrix2Like, out: T): T {
+	const a0: number = matrix[0];
+	const a1: number = matrix[1];
+	const a2: number = matrix[2];
+	const a3: number = matrix[3];
+	
+	let determinant: number = a0 * a3 - a2 * a1;
+	if (!determinant) {
+		throw new SingularMatrixError();
+	}
+	determinant = 1 / determinant;
+
+	out[0] = a3 * determinant;
+	out[1] = -a1 * determinant;
+	out[2] = -a2 * determinant;
+	out[3] = a0 * determinant;
+	return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Rotates a matrix by the given angle.
+ * @param matrix The matrix.
+ * @param radians The angle in radians.
+ * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+ * @returns The rotated matrix.
+ * @see [Rotation matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_matrix)
+ */
+export function rotate<T extends Matrix2Like>(matrix: Matrix2Like, radians: number, out: T): T {
+	const a0: number = matrix[0];
+	const a1: number = matrix[1];
+	const a2: number = matrix[2];
+	const a3: number = matrix[3];
+
+	const s: number = Math.sin(radians);
+	const c: number = Math.cos(radians);
+
+	out[0] = a0 * c + a2 * s;
+	out[1] = a1 * c + a3 * s;
+	out[2] = a0 * -s + a2 * c;
+	out[3] = a1 * -s + a3 * c;
+	return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Scales a matrix by the given vector.
+ * @param matrix The matrix.
+ * @param vector The scaling vector.
+ * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+ * @returns The scaled matrix.
+ * @see [Transformation matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_matrix)
+ */
+export function scale<T extends Matrix2Like>(matrix: Matrix2Like, vector: Vector2Like, out: T): T {
+	const v0: number = vector[0];
+	const v1: number = vector[1];
+
+	out[0] = matrix[0] * v0;
+	out[1] = matrix[1] * v0;
+	out[2] = matrix[2] * v1;
+	out[3] = matrix[3] * v1;
+	return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A two-by-two matrix.
+ * @see [Matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics))
+ */
+export default class Matrix2 extends Float32Array implements SquareMatrix {
+	/**
+	 * Creates a transformation matrix that represents a rotation by the given angle around the Z-axis.
+	 * @param radians The angle in radians.
+	 * @returns The transformation matrix.
+	 * @see [Rotation matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_matrix)
+	 */
+	public static fromRotation(radians: number): Matrix2;
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a transformation matrix that represents a rotation by the given angle around the Z-axis.
+	 * @param radians The angle in radians.
+	 * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+	 * @returns The transformation matrix.
+	 * @see [Rotation matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_matrix)
+	 */
+	public static fromRotation<T extends Matrix2Like>(radians: number, out: T): T;
+
+	public static fromRotation<T extends Matrix2Like>(radians: number, out: T = new Matrix2() as T): T {
+		return fromRotation(radians, out);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a transformation matrix that represents a scaling by the given vector.
+	 * @param vector The scaling vector.
+	 * @returns The transformation matrix.
+	 * @see [Transformation matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_matrix)
+	 */
+	public static fromScaling(vector: Vector2Like): Matrix2;
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a transformation matrix that represents a scaling by the given vector.
+	 * @param vector The scaling vector.
+	 * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+	 * @returns The transformation matrix.
+	 * @see [Transformation matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_matrix)
+	 */
+	public static fromScaling<T extends Matrix2Like>(vector: Vector2Like, out: T): T;
+
+	public static fromScaling<T extends Matrix2Like>(vector: Vector2Like, out: T = new Matrix2() as T): T {
+		return fromScaling(vector, out);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a two-by-two matrix with the given values.
+	 * @param c0r0 The value in the first column and first row.
+	 * @param c0r1 The value in the first column and second row.
+	 * @param c1r0 The value in the second column and first row.
+	 * @param c1r1 The value in the second column and second row.
+	 * @returns The matrix.
+	 */
+	public static fromValues(c0r0: number, c0r1: number, c1r0: number, c1r1: number): Matrix2;
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a two-by-two matrix with the given values.
+	 * @param c0r0 The value in the first column and first row.
+	 * @param c0r1 The value in the first column and second row.
+	 * @param c1r0 The value in the second column and first row.
+	 * @param c1r1 The value in the second column and second row.
+	 * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+	 * @returns The matrix.
+	 */
+	public static fromValues<T extends Matrix2Like>(c0r0: number, c0r1: number, c1r0: number, c1r1: number, out: T): T;
+
+	public static fromValues<T extends Matrix2Like>(c0r0: number, c0r1: number, c1r0: number, c1r1: number, out: T = new Matrix2() as T): T {
+		return fromValues(c0r0, c0r1, c1r0, c1r1, out);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a two-by-two identity matrix.
+	 * @see [Identity matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_matrix)
+	 */
+	public constructor() {
+		super(4);
+
+		this[0] =  1;
+		this[3] = 1;
+
+		this.width = 2;
+		this.height = 2;
+	}
+
+	/** The number of columns in this matrix. */
+	public readonly width: 2;
+
+	/** The number of rows in this matrix. */
+	public readonly height: 2;
+
+	/**
+	 * Determines whether this matrix is roughly equivalent to another.
+	 * @param matrix The other matrix.
+	 * @returns Whether the matrices are equivalent.
+	 */
+	public equals(matrix: Matrix2Like): boolean {
+		return equals(this, matrix);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Determines whether this matrix is exactly equivalent to another.
+	 * @param matrix The other matrix.
+	 * @returns Whether the matrices are equivalent.
+	 */
+	public exactEquals(matrix: Matrix2Like): boolean {
+		return exactEquals(this, matrix);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds another matrix to this one.
+	 * @param matrix The other matrix.
+	 * @returns The sum of the matrices.
+	 * @see [Matrix addition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_addition)
+	 */
+	public add(matrix: Matrix2Like): Matrix2;
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds another matrix to this one.
+	 * @param matrix The other matrix.
+	 * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+	 * @returns The sum of the matrices.
+	 * @see [Matrix addition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_addition)
+	 */
+	public add<T extends Matrix2Like>(matrix: Matrix2Like, out: T): T;
+
+	public add<T extends Matrix2Like>(matrix: Matrix2Like, out: T = new Matrix2() as T): T {
+		return add(this, matrix, out);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Calculates the adjugate of this matrix.
+	 * @returns The adjugate of this matrix.
+	 * @see [Adjugate matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjugate_matrix)
+	 */
+	public adjoint(): Matrix2;
+
+	/**
+	 * Calculates the adjugate of this matrix.
+	 * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+	 * @returns The adjugate of this matrix.
+	 * @see [Adjugate matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjugate_matrix)
+	 */
+	public adjoint<T extends Matrix2Like>(out: T): T;
+
+	public adjoint<T extends Matrix2Like>(out: T = new Matrix2() as T): T {
+		return adjoint(this, out);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a copy of this matrix.
+	 * @returns A copy of this matrix.
+	 */
+	public clone(): Matrix2 {
+		// TODO: `out` parameter.
+		return copy(this, new Matrix2());
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Copies the values of another matrix into this one.
+	 * @param matrix The matrix to copy.
+	 * @returns This matrix.
+	 */
+	public copy(matrix: Matrix2Like): this {
+		return copy(matrix, this);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * The Frobenius norm of this matrix.
+	 * @see [Matrix norm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_norm)
+	 */
+	public get frob(): number {
+		return frob(this);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Multiplies this matrix by another.
+	 * @param matrix The other matrix.
+	 * @returns The product of the matrices.
+	 * @see [Matrix multiplication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication)
+	 */
+	public multiply(matrix: Matrix2Like): Matrix2;
+
+	/**
+	 * Multiplies this matrix by another.
+	 * @param matrix The other matrix.
+	 * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+	 * @returns The product of the matrices.
+	 * @see [Matrix multiplication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication)
+	 */
+	public multiply<T extends Matrix2Like>(matrix: Matrix2Like, out: T): T;
+
+	public multiply<T extends Matrix2Like>(matrix: Matrix2Like, out: T = new Matrix2() as T): T {
+		return multiply(this, matrix, out);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Multiplies this matrix by a scalar value.
+	 * @param scalar The scalar value.
+	 * @returns The product of the matrix and the scalar value.
+	 * @see [Matrix multiplication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication)
+	 */
+	public multiplyScalar(scalar: number): Matrix2;
+
+	/**
+	 * Multiplies this matrix by a scalar value.
+	 * @param scalar The scalar value.
+	 * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+	 * @returns The product of the matrix and the scalar value.
+	 * @see [Matrix multiplication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication)
+	 */
+	public multiplyScalar<T extends Matrix2Like>(scalar: number, out: T): T;
+
+	public multiplyScalar<T extends Matrix2Like>(scalar: number, out: T = new Matrix2() as T): T {
+		return multiplyScalar(this, scalar, out);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds this matrix to another after multiplying the other by a scalar.
+	 * @param matrix The other matrix.
+	 * @param scalar The scalar.
+	 * @returns The sum.
+	 * @see [Matrix addition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_addition)
+	 * @see [Matrix multiplication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication)
+	 */
+	public multiplyScalarAndAdd(matrix: Matrix2Like, scalar: number): Matrix2;
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds this matrix to another after multiplying the other by a scalar.
+	 * @param matrix The other matrix.
+	 * @param scalar The scalar.
+	 * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+	 * @returns The sum.
+	 * @see [Matrix addition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_addition)
+	 * @see [Matrix multiplication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication)
+	 */
+	public multiplyScalarAndAdd<T extends Matrix2Like>(matrix: Matrix2Like, scalar: number, out: T): T;
+
+	public multiplyScalarAndAdd<T extends Matrix2Like>(matrix: Matrix2Like, scalar: number, out: T = new Matrix2() as T): T {
+		return multiplyScalarAndAdd(this, matrix, scalar, out);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Subtracts another matrix from this one.
+	 * @param matrix The other matrix.
+	 * @returns The difference between the matrices.
+	 * @see [Matrix addition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_addition)
+	 */
+	public subtract(matrix: Matrix2Like): Matrix2;
+
+	/**
+	 * Subtracts another matrix from this one.
+	 * @param matrix The other matrix.
+	 * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+	 * @returns The difference between the matrices.
+	 * @see [Matrix addition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_addition)
+	 */
+	public subtract<T extends Matrix2Like>(matrix: Matrix2Like, out: T): T;
+
+	public subtract<T extends Matrix2Like>(matrix: Matrix2Like, out: T = new Matrix2() as T): T {
+		return subtract(this, matrix, out);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Transposes this matrix.
+	 * @returns The transpose of this matrix.
+	 * @see [Transpose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpose)
+	 */
+	public transpose(): Matrix2;
+
+	/**
+	 * Transposes this matrix.
+	 * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+	 * @returns The transpose of this matrix.
+	 * @see [Transpose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpose)
+	 */
+	public transpose<T extends Matrix2Like>(out: T): T;
+
+	public transpose<T extends Matrix2Like>(out: T = new Matrix2() as T): T {
+		return transpose(this, out);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * The determinant of this matrix.
+	 * @see [Determinant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determinant)
+	 */
+	public get determinant(): number {
+		return determinant(this);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Resets this matrix to identity.
+	 * @returns This matrix.
+	 * @see [Identity matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_matrix)
+	 */
+	public identity(): this {
+		return identity(this);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Inverts this matrix.
+	 * @returns The inverted matrix.
+	 * @see [Invertible matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertible_matrix)
+	 */
+	public invert(): Matrix2;
+
+	/**
+	 * Inverts this matrix.
+	 * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+	 * @returns The inverted matrix.
+	 * @see [Invertible matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertible_matrix)
+	 */
+	public invert<T extends Matrix2Like>(out: T): T;
+
+	public invert<T extends Matrix2Like>(out: T = new Matrix2() as T): T {
+		return invert(this, out);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Rotates this matrix by the given angle.
+	 * @param radians The angle in radians.
+	 * @returns The rotated matrix.
+	 * @see [Rotation matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_matrix)
+	 */
+	public rotate(radians: number): Matrix2;
+
+	/**
+	 * Rotates this matrix by the given angle.
+	 * @param radians The angle in radians.
+	 * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+	 * @returns The rotated matrix.
+	 * @see [Rotation matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_matrix)
+	 */
+	public rotate<T extends Matrix2Like>(radians: number, out: T): T;
+
+	public rotate<T extends Matrix2Like>(radians: number, out: T = new Matrix2() as T): T {
+		return rotate(this, radians, out);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Scales this matrix by the given vector.
+	 * @param v The scaling vector.
+	 * @returns The scaled matrix.
+	 * @see [Transformation matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_matrix)
+	 */
+	public scale(v: Vector2Like): Matrix2;
+
+	/**
+	 * Scales this matrix by the given vector.
+	 * @param vector The scaling vector.
+	 * @param out The matrix to store the result in.
+	 * @returns The scaled matrix.
+	 * @see [Transformation matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_matrix)
+	 */
+	public scale<T extends Matrix2Like>(vector: Vector2Like, out: T): T;
+
+	public scale<T extends Matrix2Like>(vector: Vector2Like, out: T = new Matrix2() as T): T {
+		return scale(this, vector, out);
+	}
+}