@inventure71/paddockjs 1.0.0 → 2.0.1

package/src/simulation/vehicleGeometry.js

@@ -1,247 +1 @@
-import { normalizeAngle } from './simMath.js';
-import {
-  REAL_F1_CAR_LENGTH_METERS,
-  REAL_F1_CAR_WIDTH_METERS,
-  REAL_F1_WHEELBASE_METERS,
-  metersToSimUnits,
-} from './units.js';
-
-export const VEHICLE_GEOMETRY = {
-  visualLength: metersToSimUnits(REAL_F1_CAR_LENGTH_METERS),
-  visualWidth: metersToSimUnits(REAL_F1_CAR_WIDTH_METERS),
-  bodyLength: metersToSimUnits(4.65),
-  bodyWidth: metersToSimUnits(1.24),
-  wheelLength: metersToSimUnits(0.72),
-  wheelWidth: metersToSimUnits(0.38),
-  wheelLongitudinalOffset: metersToSimUnits(REAL_F1_WHEELBASE_METERS / 2),
-  wheelLateralOffset: metersToSimUnits((REAL_F1_CAR_WIDTH_METERS - 0.38) / 2),
-};
-
-const WHEEL_SPECS = [
-  { id: 'front-left', longitudinal: 1, lateral: -1 },
-  { id: 'front-right', longitudinal: 1, lateral: 1 },
-  { id: 'rear-left', longitudinal: -1, lateral: -1 },
-  { id: 'rear-right', longitudinal: -1, lateral: 1 },
-];
-
-function finiteOr(value, fallback) {
-  return Number.isFinite(value) ? value : fallback;
-}
-
-function vehiclePose(car, { previous = false } = {}) {
-  const x = previous ? finiteOr(car.previousX, car.x) : car.x;
-  const y = previous ? finiteOr(car.previousY, car.y) : car.y;
-  const heading = previous ? finiteOr(car.previousHeading, car.heading) : car.heading;
-
-  return {
-    x: finiteOr(x, 0),
-    y: finiteOr(y, 0),
-    heading: normalizeAngle(finiteOr(heading, 0)),
-  };
-}
-
-export function vehicleAxes(heading) {
-  const cos = Math.cos(heading);
-  const sin = Math.sin(heading);
-  return {
-    forward: { x: cos, y: sin },
-    right: { x: -sin, y: cos },
-  };
-}
-
-function offsetPoint(center, axes, longitudinal, lateral) {
-  return {
-    x: center.x + axes.forward.x * longitudinal + axes.right.x * lateral,
-    y: center.y + axes.forward.y * longitudinal + axes.right.y * lateral,
-  };
-}
-
-export function createOrientedRect({ id, type, center, heading, length, width }) {
-  const axes = vehicleAxes(heading);
-  const halfLength = length / 2;
-  const halfWidth = width / 2;
-  const corners = [
-    offsetPoint(center, axes, halfLength, halfWidth),
-    offsetPoint(center, axes, halfLength, -halfWidth),
-    offsetPoint(center, axes, -halfLength, -halfWidth),
-    offsetPoint(center, axes, -halfLength, halfWidth),
-  ];
-
-  return {
-    id,
-    type,
-    center,
-    heading,
-    length,
-    width,
-    halfLength,
-    halfWidth,
-    forward: axes.forward,
-    right: axes.right,
-    corners,
-  };
-}
-
-export function createVehicleGeometry(car, options = {}) {
-  const pose = vehiclePose(car, options);
-  const axes = vehicleAxes(pose.heading);
-  const center = { x: pose.x, y: pose.y };
-  const body = createOrientedRect({
-    id: 'body',
-    type: 'body',
-    center,
-    heading: pose.heading,
-    length: VEHICLE_GEOMETRY.bodyLength,
-    width: VEHICLE_GEOMETRY.bodyWidth,
-  });
-  const wheels = WHEEL_SPECS.map((spec) => {
-    const wheelCenter = offsetPoint(
-      center,
-      axes,
-      spec.longitudinal * VEHICLE_GEOMETRY.wheelLongitudinalOffset,
-      spec.lateral * VEHICLE_GEOMETRY.wheelLateralOffset,
-    );
-    return createOrientedRect({
-      id: spec.id,
-      type: 'wheel',
-      center: wheelCenter,
-      heading: pose.heading,
-      length: VEHICLE_GEOMETRY.wheelLength,
-      width: VEHICLE_GEOMETRY.wheelWidth,
-    });
-  });
-
-  return {
-    body,
-    wheels,
-    contactPatches: wheels,
-    shapes: [body, ...wheels],
-  };
-}
-
-function geometryPoseSignature(pose) {
-  return [
-    pose.x,
-    pose.y,
-    pose.heading,
-    pose.previousX,
-    pose.previousY,
-    pose.previousHeading,
-  ].join(':');
-}
-
-function geometryPose(car) {
-  const x = finiteOr(car.x, 0);
-  const y = finiteOr(car.y, 0);
-  const heading = normalizeAngle(finiteOr(car.heading, 0));
-  return {
-    x,
-    y,
-    heading,
-    previousX: finiteOr(car.previousX, x),
-    previousY: finiteOr(car.previousY, y),
-    previousHeading: normalizeAngle(finiteOr(car.previousHeading, heading)),
-  };
-}
-
-function geometryStateMatches(car, state) {
-  const pose = state?.pose;
-  if (!pose) return false;
-  const x = finiteOr(car.x, 0);
-  const y = finiteOr(car.y, 0);
-  const heading = normalizeAngle(finiteOr(car.heading, 0));
-  return (
-    pose.x === x &&
-    pose.y === y &&
-    pose.heading === heading &&
-    pose.previousX === finiteOr(car.previousX, x) &&
-    pose.previousY === finiteOr(car.previousY, y) &&
-    pose.previousHeading === normalizeAngle(finiteOr(car.previousHeading, heading))
-  );
-}
-
-export function createVehicleShapeAabb(shape) {
-  let minX = Infinity;
-  let maxX = -Infinity;
-  let minY = Infinity;
-  let maxY = -Infinity;
-  for (let index = 0; index < shape.corners.length; index += 1) {
-    const corner = shape.corners[index];
-    if (corner.x < minX) minX = corner.x;
-    if (corner.x > maxX) maxX = corner.x;
-    if (corner.y < minY) minY = corner.y;
-    if (corner.y > maxY) maxY = corner.y;
-  }
-  return {
-    minX,
-    maxX,
-    minY,
-    maxY,
-  };
-}
-
-export function mergeAabbs(aabbs) {
-  let minX = Infinity;
-  let maxX = -Infinity;
-  let minY = Infinity;
-  let maxY = -Infinity;
-  for (let index = 0; index < aabbs.length; index += 1) {
-    const aabb = aabbs[index];
-    if (aabb.minX < minX) minX = aabb.minX;
-    if (aabb.maxX > maxX) maxX = aabb.maxX;
-    if (aabb.minY < minY) minY = aabb.minY;
-    if (aabb.maxY > maxY) maxY = aabb.maxY;
-  }
-  return { minX, maxX, minY, maxY };
-}
-
-export function createVehicleGeometryState(car) {
-  const pose = geometryPose(car);
-  const current = createVehicleGeometry(car);
-  const previous = createVehicleGeometry(car, { previous: true });
-  const bodyAabb = createVehicleShapeAabb(current.body);
-  const previousBodyAabb = createVehicleShapeAabb(previous.body);
-  const sweptBodyAabb = mergeAabbs([previousBodyAabb, bodyAabb]);
-
-  return {
-    pose,
-    signature: geometryPoseSignature(pose),
-    current,
-    previous,
-    body: current.body,
-    wheels: current.wheels,
-    contactPatches: current.contactPatches,
-    bodyAabb,
-    previousBodyAabb,
-    sweptBodyAabb,
-  };
-}
-
-export function getVehicleGeometryState(car) {
-  if (geometryStateMatches(car, car.geometryState)) return car.geometryState;
-  car.geometryState = createVehicleGeometryState(car);
-  return car.geometryState;
-}
-
-export function createVehicleAabb(car, options = {}) {
-  const geometry = createVehicleGeometry(car, options);
-  return mergeAabbs(geometry.shapes.map(createVehicleShapeAabb));
-}
-
-export function interpolateVehiclePose(car, amount) {
-  const previousX = finiteOr(car.previousX, car.x);
-  const previousY = finiteOr(car.previousY, car.y);
-  const previousHeading = finiteOr(car.previousHeading, car.heading);
-  const headingDelta = normalizeAngle(finiteOr(car.heading, 0) - previousHeading);
-
-  return {
-    ...car,
-    x: previousX + (finiteOr(car.x, previousX) - previousX) * amount,
-    y: previousY + (finiteOr(car.y, previousY) - previousY) * amount,
-    heading: normalizeAngle(previousHeading + headingDelta * amount),
-  };
-}
-
-export function getCarCorners(car) {
-  return createVehicleGeometry(car).body.corners;
-}
+export * from './vehicle/vehicleGeometry.js';

package/src/simulation/vehiclePhysics.js

@@ -1,136 +1 @@
-import { clamp, normalizeAngle } from './simMath.js';
-import {
-  REAL_F1_WHEELBASE_METERS,
-  SIM_UNITS_PER_METER,
-  TOP_SPEED_SIM_UNITS_PER_SECOND,
-  simUnitsToMeters,
-  metersToSimUnits,
-} from './units.js';
-import { VEHICLE_GEOMETRY, getCarCorners } from './vehicleGeometry.js';
-
-const G = 9.80665;
-
-export const VEHICLE_LIMITS = {
-  wheelbase: metersToSimUnits(REAL_F1_WHEELBASE_METERS),
-  maxSteer: 0.56,
-  steerRate: 2.35,
-  maxSpeed: TOP_SPEED_SIM_UNITS_PER_SECOND,
-  carLength: VEHICLE_GEOMETRY.visualLength,
-  carWidth: VEHICLE_GEOMETRY.visualWidth,
-};
-
-const SURFACE_MODEL = {
-  track: { grip: 1, drag: 0, rollingResistance: 0 },
-  'pit-entry': { grip: 0.96, drag: 0.04, rollingResistance: 0.012 },
-  'pit-lane': { grip: 0.96, drag: 0.04, rollingResistance: 0.012 },
-  'pit-exit': { grip: 0.96, drag: 0.04, rollingResistance: 0.012 },
-  'pit-box': { grip: 0.94, drag: 0.08, rollingResistance: 0.025 },
-  kerb: { grip: 0.92, drag: 0.12, rollingResistance: 0.045 },
-  gravel: { grip: 0.43, drag: 4.0, rollingResistance: 0.68 },
-  grass: { grip: 0.34, drag: 1.9, rollingResistance: 0.36 },
-  barrier: { grip: 0.18, drag: 9, rollingResistance: 1.2 },
-};
-const WHEEL_DRAG_YAW_GAIN = 0.08;
-const MAX_WHEEL_DRAG_YAW_RATE = 0.22;
-
-function accelerationLimit(speed, surfaceGrip) {
-  const speedRatio = clamp(speed / VEHICLE_LIMITS.maxSpeed, 0, 1);
-  return SIM_UNITS_PER_METER * surfaceGrip * (17 * (1 - speedRatio ** 2.1) + 1.2);
-}
-
-function brakingLimit(speed, surfaceGrip) {
-  const speedRatio = clamp(speed / VEHICLE_LIMITS.maxSpeed, 0, 1);
-  return SIM_UNITS_PER_METER * surfaceGrip * (20 + speedRatio * 14);
-}
-
-export function tirePerformanceFactor(tireEnergy = 100) {
-  const normalized = clamp((Number(tireEnergy) || 1) / 100, 0.01, 1);
-  return clamp(0.45 + 0.55 * normalized ** 0.72, 0.45, 1);
-}
-
-function surfaceResistance(surfaceName) {
-  const surface = SURFACE_MODEL[surfaceName] ?? SURFACE_MODEL.track;
-  return surface.drag * 0.14 + surface.rollingResistance * 2.4 + (1 - surface.grip) * 0.65;
-}
-
-function sideWheelResistance(wheels, side) {
-  const sideWheels = wheels.filter((wheel) => wheel.id?.endsWith(`-${side}`));
-  if (!sideWheels.length) return 0;
-  return sideWheels.reduce((total, wheel) => total + surfaceResistance(wheel.surface), 0) / sideWheels.length;
-}
-
-function wheelDragYawRate(car) {
-  const wheels = Array.isArray(car.wheelStates) ? car.wheelStates : [];
-  if (!wheels.length) return 0;
-  const leftResistance = sideWheelResistance(wheels, 'left');
-  const rightResistance = sideWheelResistance(wheels, 'right');
-  const speedFactor = clamp(car.speed / VEHICLE_LIMITS.maxSpeed, 0, 1);
-  return clamp(
-    (rightResistance - leftResistance) * speedFactor * WHEEL_DRAG_YAW_GAIN,
-    -MAX_WHEEL_DRAG_YAW_RATE,
-    MAX_WHEEL_DRAG_YAW_RATE,
-  );
-}
-
-export function integrateVehiclePhysics(car, controls, dt) {
-  const steeringTarget = clamp(controls.steering ?? 0, -VEHICLE_LIMITS.maxSteer, VEHICLE_LIMITS.maxSteer);
-  const steerDelta = clamp(
-    steeringTarget - car.steeringAngle,
-    -VEHICLE_LIMITS.steerRate * dt,
-    VEHICLE_LIMITS.steerRate * dt,
-  );
-  car.steeringAngle += steerDelta;
-
-  const throttle = clamp(controls.throttle ?? 0, 0, 1);
-  const brake = clamp(controls.brake ?? 0, 0, 1);
-  const surface = SURFACE_MODEL[car.trackState?.surface] ?? SURFACE_MODEL.track;
-  const tireFactor = tirePerformanceFactor(car.tireEnergy ?? 100);
-  const surfaceGrip = surface.grip * tireFactor;
-  const dragMultiplier = car.drsActive ? 0.42 : 1;
-  const speedRatio = clamp(car.speed / VEHICLE_LIMITS.maxSpeed, 0, 1);
-  const engineForce = throttle *
-    car.powerNewtons *
-    (car.drsActive ? 1.08 : 1) *
-    Math.max(0.12, 1 - speedRatio ** 1.15);
-  const brakeForce = brake * car.brakeNewtons;
-  const speedMetersPerSecondBefore = simUnitsToMeters(car.speed);
-  const dragForce = (car.dragCoefficient * dragMultiplier * 0.12 + surface.drag) *
-    speedMetersPerSecondBefore * speedMetersPerSecondBefore;
-  const rollingForce = surface.rollingResistance * car.mass * G;
-  const driveAcceleration = clamp((engineForce / car.mass) * SIM_UNITS_PER_METER, 0, accelerationLimit(car.speed, surfaceGrip));
-  const drsAcceleration = car.drsActive ? driveAcceleration * 0.06 : 0;
-  const brakeDeceleration = clamp((brakeForce / car.mass) * SIM_UNITS_PER_METER, 0, brakingLimit(car.speed, surfaceGrip));
-  const dragDeceleration = ((dragForce + rollingForce) / car.mass) * SIM_UNITS_PER_METER;
-  const acceleration = driveAcceleration + drsAcceleration - brakeDeceleration - dragDeceleration;
-
-  car.speed = clamp(car.speed + acceleration * dt, 0, VEHICLE_LIMITS.maxSpeed);
-
-  const speedMetersPerSecond = simUnitsToMeters(car.speed);
-  const rawYawRate = (speedMetersPerSecond / REAL_F1_WHEELBASE_METERS) *
-    Math.tan(car.steeringAngle) *
-    tireFactor;
-  const downforceGrip = car.downforceCoefficient * speedMetersPerSecond * speedMetersPerSecond / car.mass;
-  const tyreConditionGrip = tireFactor;
-  const maxYawRate = ((car.tireGrip * tyreConditionGrip * G + downforceGrip) * surfaceGrip) /
-    Math.max(speedMetersPerSecond, 1);
-  const steeringYawRate = clamp(rawYawRate, -maxYawRate, maxYawRate);
-  const requestedWheelDragYawRate = wheelDragYawRate(car);
-  car.yawRate = clamp(steeringYawRate + requestedWheelDragYawRate, -maxYawRate, maxYawRate);
-  car.wheelDragYawRate = car.yawRate - steeringYawRate;
-  car.turnRadius = Math.abs(car.yawRate) < 0.001 ? Infinity : car.speed / Math.abs(car.yawRate);
-  car.heading = normalizeAngle(car.heading + car.yawRate * dt);
-  car.x += Math.cos(car.heading) * car.speed * dt;
-  car.y += Math.sin(car.heading) * car.speed * dt;
-  car.throttle = throttle;
-  car.brake = brake;
-  car.lateralAcceleration = speedMetersPerSecond * car.yawRate;
-  car.steerSaturation = rawYawRate === 0 ? 0 : Math.abs(steeringYawRate / rawYawRate);
-  const tyreLoad = Math.abs(car.lateralAcceleration) / G;
-  const tireCare = clamp(Number(car.tireCare) || 1, 0.45, 1.8);
-  const wearRate = (0.035 + tyreLoad * 0.11 + brake * 0.07 + throttle * 0.025) / tireCare;
-  car.tireEnergy = clamp((car.tireEnergy ?? 100) - wearRate * dt, 1, 100);
-
-  return car;
-}
-
-export { getCarCorners };
+export * from './vehicle/vehiclePhysics.js';

package/src/simulation/warmup/runtimeWarmup.js

@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+const DEFAULT_WARMUP_POLICY = 'config-change';
+const DEFAULT_WARMUP_STEPS = Object.freeze({
+  simulation: 20,
+  browser: 20,
+  environment: 20,
+});
+const SUPPORTED_WARMUP_POLICIES = new Set(['config-change', 'always', 'never']);
+const MAX_CACHE_ENTRIES_PER_SURFACE = 256;
+const warmupFingerprintCache = new Map();
+
+export function normalizeWarmupOptions(input, surface = 'simulation') {
+  const fallbackSteps = DEFAULT_WARMUP_STEPS[surface] ?? DEFAULT_WARMUP_STEPS.simulation;
+  if (input === false) {
+    return {
+      enabled: false,
+      policy: 'never',
+      steps: fallbackSteps,
+      surface,
+    };
+  }
+  if (input === true || input == null) {
+    return {
+      enabled: true,
+      policy: DEFAULT_WARMUP_POLICY,
+      steps: fallbackSteps,
+      surface,
+    };
+  }
+  const enabled = input.enabled == null ? true : Boolean(input.enabled);
+  const policy = normalizeWarmupPolicy(input.policy, enabled);
+  return {
+    enabled,
+    policy,
+    steps: normalizeWarmupSteps(input.steps, fallbackSteps),
+    surface: typeof input.surface === 'string' && input.surface.length > 0 ? input.surface : surface,
+  };
+}
+
+export function withWarmupSurfaceOptions(options = {}, surface = 'simulation') {
+  return {
+    ...options,
+    warmup: normalizeWarmupOptions(options.warmup, surface),
+  };
+}
+
+export function disableWarmupOptions(options = {}, surface = 'simulation') {
+  const warmup = normalizeWarmupOptions(options.warmup, surface);
+  return {
+    ...options,
+    warmup: {
+      ...warmup,
+      enabled: false,
+      policy: 'never',
+      surface,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+export function runWarmupWithGuard({
+  options = {},
+  surface = 'simulation',
+  execute,
+} = {}) {
+  const warmup = normalizeWarmupOptions(options.warmup, surface);
+  const fingerprint = createWarmupFingerprint(options, {
+    surface: warmup.surface,
+    steps: warmup.steps,
+  });
+  if (!shouldRunWarmup(warmup, fingerprint)) {
+    return { ran: false, warmup, fingerprint };
+  }
+  try {
+    execute?.({ warmup, fingerprint });
+    markWarmupComplete(warmup.surface, fingerprint);
+    return { ran: true, warmup, fingerprint };
+  } catch {
+    return { ran: false, warmup, fingerprint };
+  }
+}
+
+export function resetWarmupRuntimeCache() {
+  warmupFingerprintCache.clear();
+}
+
+function shouldRunWarmup(warmup, fingerprint) {
+  if (!warmup.enabled) return false;
+  if (warmup.policy === 'never') return false;
+  if (warmup.policy === 'always') return true;
+  return !hasWarmupFingerprint(warmup.surface, fingerprint);
+}
+
+function hasWarmupFingerprint(surface, fingerprint) {
+  return warmupFingerprintCache.get(surface)?.has(fingerprint) ?? false;
+}
+
+function markWarmupComplete(surface, fingerprint) {
+  let entries = warmupFingerprintCache.get(surface);
+  if (!entries) {
+    entries = new Map();
+    warmupFingerprintCache.set(surface, entries);
+  }
+  entries.set(fingerprint, Date.now());
+  while (entries.size > MAX_CACHE_ENTRIES_PER_SURFACE) {
+    const firstKey = entries.keys().next().value;
+    entries.delete(firstKey);
+  }
+}
+
+function createWarmupFingerprint(options, { surface, steps }) {
+  return stableStringify({
+    surface,
+    steps,
+    seed: finiteOrNull(options.seed),
+    trackSeed: finiteOrNull(options.trackSeed),
+    totalLaps: finiteOrNull(options.totalLaps),
+    trackGeneration: options.trackGeneration ?? null,
+    track: summarizeTrack(options.track),
+    physicsMode: options.physicsMode ?? null,
+    trackQueryIndex: options.trackQueryIndex !== false,
+    rules: options.rules ?? null,
+    participantInteractions: options.participantInteractions ?? null,
+    replayGhosts: summarizeReplayGhosts(options.replayGhosts),
+    drivers: summarizeDrivers(options.drivers),
+    entries: summarizeEntries(options.entries),
+    controlledDrivers: summarizeStringArray(options.controlledDrivers),
+    sensors: options.sensors ?? null,
+    sensorsByDriver: summarizeSensorsByDriver(options.sensorsByDriver),
+    scenario: summarizeScenario(options.scenario),
+    frameSkip: finiteOrNull(options.frameSkip),
+  });
+}
+
+function normalizeWarmupPolicy(value, enabled) {
+  if (!enabled) return 'never';
+  if (typeof value !== 'string') return DEFAULT_WARMUP_POLICY;
+  return SUPPORTED_WARMUP_POLICIES.has(value) ? value : DEFAULT_WARMUP_POLICY;
+}
+
+function normalizeWarmupSteps(value, fallback) {
+  if (value == null) return fallback;
+  const steps = Math.floor(Number(value));
+  if (!Number.isFinite(steps) || steps < 1) return fallback;
+  return steps;
+}
+
+function summarizeTrack(track) {
+  if (!track || typeof track !== 'object') return null;
+  const samples = Array.isArray(track.samples) ? track.samples.length : null;
+  const centerlineControls = Array.isArray(track.centerlineControls) ? track.centerlineControls.length : null;
+  const drsZones = Array.isArray(track.drsZones) ? track.drsZones.length : null;
+  return {
+    name: track.name ?? null,
+    seed: finiteOrNull(track.seed),
+    length: finiteOrNull(track.length),
+    width: finiteOrNull(track.width),
+    sampleCount: finiteOrNull(track.sampleCount) ?? samples,
+    centerlineControls,
+    drsZones,
+    hasPitLane: Boolean(track.pitLane?.enabled),
+  };
+}
+
+function summarizeReplayGhosts(replayGhosts) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(replayGhosts)) return null;
+  return replayGhosts.map((ghost) => ({
+    id: ghost?.id ?? null,
+    visible: ghost?.visible !== false,
+    samples: Array.isArray(ghost?.trajectory) ? ghost.trajectory.length : 0,
+  }));
+}
+
+function summarizeDrivers(drivers) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(drivers)) return null;
+  return {
+    count: drivers.length,
+    ids: drivers.map((driver) => driver?.id ?? null),
+  };
+}
+
+function summarizeEntries(entries) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(entries)) return null;
+  return {
+    count: entries.length,
+    driverIds: entries.map((entry) => entry?.driverId ?? null),
+  };
+}
+
+function summarizeStringArray(values) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(values)) return null;
+  return values.map((value) => String(value));
+}
+
+function summarizeSensorsByDriver(sensorsByDriver) {
+  if (!sensorsByDriver || typeof sensorsByDriver !== 'object') return null;
+  const ids = Object.keys(sensorsByDriver);
+  return {
+    count: ids.length,
+    ids: ids.sort(),
+  };
+}
+
+function summarizeScenario(scenario) {
+  if (!scenario || typeof scenario !== 'object') return null;
+  return {
+    participants: scenario.participants ?? null,
+    preset: scenario.preset ?? null,
+    placements: scenario.placements ?? null,
+    traffic: scenario.traffic ?? null,
+  };
+}
+
+function stableStringify(value) {
+  if (value == null) return 'null';
+  if (typeof value === 'number' || typeof value === 'boolean') return JSON.stringify(value);
+  if (typeof value === 'string') return JSON.stringify(value);
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) return `[${value.map((item) => stableStringify(item)).join(',')}]`;
+  if (typeof value !== 'object') return JSON.stringify(String(value));
+  const keys = Object.keys(value).sort();
+  return `{${keys.map((key) => `${JSON.stringify(key)}:${stableStringify(value[key])}`).join(',')}}`;
+}
+
+function finiteOrNull(value) {
+  return Number.isFinite(Number(value)) ? Number(value) : null;
+}