@carbonenginejs/runtime-resource 0.13.0 → 0.15.0

package/dist/formats/dds/core/helpers.js

@@ -1,862 +1,901 @@
-import { decodeBc6h } from './bc6h.js';
-import { decodeBc7 } from './bc7.js';
-
-const OUTPUT_IMAGE = "image";
-const OUTPUT_TEXTURE = "texture";
-const OUTPUT_RGBA = "rgba";
-const OUTPUT_RAW = "raw";
-const OUTPUT_JSON = "json";
-const DEFAULT_VALUES = Object.freeze({
-  emit: OUTPUT_RAW,
-  inputType: "",
-  source: ""
-});
-const DDS_HEADER_SIZE = 124;
-const DDS_PIXELFORMAT_OFFSET = 76;
-const DDS_FOURCC = 0x00000004;
-const DDS_RGB = 0x00000040;
-const DDS_ALPHAPIXELS = 0x00000001;
-const DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP = 0x00000200;
-const DDSCAPS2_VOLUME = 0x00200000;
-const DDS_CUBE_FACE_FLAGS = Object.freeze([["positive-x", 0x00000400], ["negative-x", 0x00000800], ["positive-y", 0x00001000], ["negative-y", 0x00002000], ["positive-z", 0x00004000], ["negative-z", 0x00008000]]);
-const FOURCC_PIXEL_FORMATS = Object.freeze({
-  DXT1: "bc1-rgba-unorm",
-  DXT3: "bc2-rgba-unorm",
-  DXT5: "bc3-rgba-unorm",
-  ATI1: "bc4-r-unorm",
-  BC4U: "bc4-r-unorm",
-  BC4S: "bc4-r-snorm",
-  ATI2: "bc5-rg-unorm",
-  BC5U: "bc5-rg-unorm",
-  BC5S: "bc5-rg-snorm"
-});
-const DXGI_PIXEL_FORMATS = Object.freeze({
-  2: "rgba32float",
-  6: "rgb32float",
-  10: "rgba16float",
-  16: "rg32float",
-  41: "r32float",
-  54: "r16float",
-  28: "rgba8unorm",
-  29: "rgba8unorm-srgb",
-  49: "rg8unorm",
-  61: "r8unorm",
-  71: "bc1-rgba-unorm",
-  72: "bc1-rgba-unorm-srgb",
-  74: "bc2-rgba-unorm",
-  75: "bc2-rgba-unorm-srgb",
-  77: "bc3-rgba-unorm",
-  78: "bc3-rgba-unorm-srgb",
-  80: "bc4-r-unorm",
-  81: "bc4-r-snorm",
-  83: "bc5-rg-unorm",
-  84: "bc5-rg-snorm",
-  87: "bgra8unorm",
-  88: "bgrx8unorm",
-  91: "bgra8unorm-srgb",
-  93: "bgrx8unorm-srgb",
-  95: "bc6h-rgb-ufloat",
-  96: "bc6h-rgb-float",
-  98: "bc7-rgba-unorm",
-  99: "bc7-rgba-unorm-srgb"
-});
-const COMPRESSED_PIXEL_FORMATS = new Set(["bc1-rgba-unorm", "bc1-rgba-unorm-srgb", "bc2-rgba-unorm", "bc2-rgba-unorm-srgb", "bc3-rgba-unorm", "bc3-rgba-unorm-srgb", "bc4-r-unorm", "bc4-r-snorm", "bc5-rg-unorm", "bc5-rg-snorm", "bc6h-rgb-ufloat", "bc6h-rgb-float", "bc7-rgba-unorm", "bc7-rgba-unorm-srgb"]);
-const DEBUG_OUTPUTS = Object.freeze({
-  png: "pngJson",
-  jpeg: "jpegJson",
-  jpg: "jpegJson",
-  tga: "tgaJson",
-  dds: "ddsJson"
-});
-
-/**
- * Normalizes reader options against their supported defaults for the DDS format
- * reader.
- */
-function normalizeValues(base = DEFAULT_VALUES, options = {}, readerName = "CjsImageFormat") {
-  const values = {
-    ...DEFAULT_VALUES,
-    ...(base || {}),
-    ...(options || {})
-  };
-  values.inputType = normalizeInputType(values.inputType);
-  values.emit = normalizeEmit(values.emit, values.inputType, readerName);
-  return values;
-}
-
-/** Normalizes the requested input representation for the DDS format reader. */
-function normalizeInputType(inputType) {
-  if (!inputType) return "";
-  const value = String(inputType).replace(/^\./u, "").toLowerCase();
-  return value === "jpg" ? "jpeg" : value;
-}
-
-/** Normalizes the requested output representation for the DDS format reader. */
-function normalizeEmit(emit, inputType, readerName) {
-  if (emit === undefined || emit === null) return OUTPUT_RAW;
-  if (emit === OUTPUT_JSON && inputType) return DEBUG_OUTPUTS[inputType] || OUTPUT_JSON;
-  if ([OUTPUT_IMAGE, OUTPUT_TEXTURE, OUTPUT_RGBA, OUTPUT_RAW, OUTPUT_JSON].includes(emit)) return emit;
-  if (Object.values(DEBUG_OUTPUTS).includes(emit)) return emit;
-  throw new TypeError(`${readerName}: unknown emit value ${JSON.stringify(emit)}`);
-}
-
-/** Returns a byte view over the supplied binary input for the DDS format reader. */
-function toBytes(input) {
-  if (input instanceof Uint8Array) return input;
-  if (input instanceof ArrayBuffer) return new Uint8Array(input);
-  if (ArrayBuffer.isView(input)) return new Uint8Array(input.buffer, input.byteOffset, input.byteLength);
-  throw new TypeError("Image input must be Uint8Array, ArrayBuffer, or DataView");
-}
-
-/** Inspects input using normalized format options for the DDS format reader. */
-function inspectWithValues(input, values = DEFAULT_VALUES, expectedType = "") {
-  const bytes = toBytes(input);
-  const detected = inspectBytes(bytes);
-  const sourceFormat = expectedType || values.inputType || detected.sourceFormat;
-  if (expectedType && detected.sourceFormat && detected.sourceFormat !== expectedType) {
-    throw new TypeError(`CjsFormat${capitalize(expectedType)}: expected ${expectedType}, got ${detected.sourceFormat}`);
-  }
-  return {
-    payloadType: sourceFormat === "dds" ? "texture" : "image",
-    mediaTypes: sourceFormat === "dds" ? ["texture", "image"] : ["image"],
-    sourceFormat,
-    byteLength: bytes.byteLength,
-    ...detected
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * Reports whether input is supported under normalized format options for the DDS
- * format reader.
- */
-function isSupportedWithValues(input, values = DEFAULT_VALUES, expectedType = "") {
-  try {
-    const metadata = inspectWithValues(input, values, expectedType);
-    const hasCompleteTextureData = metadata.isDataComplete !== false;
-    const canEmitTexture = metadata.sourceFormat === "dds" && metadata.dataOffset > 0 && !!metadata.pixelFormat && hasCompleteTextureData;
-    const canEmitRgba = canDecodeDdsToRgba(metadata) && hasCompleteTextureData;
-    const textureUnsupportedReason = !metadata.pixelFormat ? "DDS texture format is not recognized yet." : !hasCompleteTextureData ? `DDS texture data is truncated: expected ${metadata.expectedDataBytes} bytes, got ${metadata.dataBytes}.` : "";
-    const variants = metadata.sourceFormat === "dds" ? [{
-      kind: "compressed",
-      payloadType: "texture",
-      codec: metadata.pixelFormat || metadata.textureFormat || "unknown",
-      supported: canEmitTexture && metadata.isCompressed,
-      nativeOnly: !!metadata.nativeTextureOnly,
-      reason: metadata.isCompressed ? textureUnsupportedReason : "DDS is not block-compressed."
-    }, {
-      kind: "texture",
-      payloadType: "texture",
-      codec: metadata.pixelFormat || metadata.textureFormat || "unknown",
-      supported: canEmitTexture,
-      reason: canEmitTexture ? "" : textureUnsupportedReason
-    }, {
-      kind: "rgba",
-      payloadType: "rgba",
-      codec: canEmitRgba ? isFloatPixelFormat(metadata.pixelFormat) ? "rgba32float" : "rgba8unorm" : "rgba8unorm",
-      supported: canEmitRgba,
-      reason: canEmitRgba ? "" : textureUnsupportedReason || (metadata.nativeTextureOnly ? `${metadata.pixelFormat} is available as a native compressed texture only; register a software decoder or alternate representation for RGBA fallback.` : "DDS RGBA decode is not implemented for this pixel format.")
-    }, {
-      kind: "raw",
-      payloadType: "raw",
-      codec: "dds",
-      supported: true
-    }] : [{
-      kind: "rgba",
-      codec: "rgba8",
-      supported: false,
-      reason: `${metadata.sourceFormat.toUpperCase()} RGBA decode is not implemented yet.`
-    }];
-    const preferredVariant = variants.find(v => v.supported && v.kind !== "raw") || variants.find(v => v.supported);
-    return {
-      format: metadata.sourceFormat,
-      source: values.source || "buffer",
-      supported: metadata.sourceFormat ? variants.some(v => v.supported && v.kind !== "raw") ? "full" : variants.some(v => v.supported) ? "partial" : "none" : "none",
-      confidence: metadata.sourceFormat ? 1 : 0,
-      preferred: preferredVariant?.codec || "",
-      reason: metadata.sourceFormat ? "Container/header recognized." : "Unrecognized image format.",
-      metadata,
-      variants,
-      warnings: [],
-      errors: []
-    };
-  } catch (error) {
-    return {
-      format: expectedType || values.inputType || "",
-      source: values.source || "buffer",
-      supported: "none",
-      confidence: 0,
-      preferred: "",
-      reason: error.message,
-      metadata: null,
-      variants: [],
-      warnings: [],
-      errors: [error.message]
-    };
-  }
-}
-
-/** Reads input using normalized format options for the DDS format reader. */
-function readWithValues(input, values = DEFAULT_VALUES, expectedType = "") {
-  const bytes = toBytes(input);
-  const metadata = inspectWithValues(bytes, values, expectedType);
-  if (values.emit === OUTPUT_RAW) {
-    return {
-      payloadType: "raw",
-      sourceFormat: metadata.sourceFormat,
-      metadata,
-      bytes
-    };
-  }
-  if (values.emit === OUTPUT_JSON || values.emit === DEBUG_OUTPUTS[metadata.sourceFormat]) {
-    return metadata;
-  }
-  if (values.emit === OUTPUT_TEXTURE && metadata.sourceFormat === "dds") {
-    return readDdsTexture(bytes, metadata);
-  }
-  if ((values.emit === OUTPUT_RGBA || values.emit === OUTPUT_IMAGE) && metadata.sourceFormat === "dds") {
-    return readDdsToRgba(bytes, metadata);
-  }
-  const error = new Error(`${metadata.sourceFormat}: emit "${values.emit}" is not implemented yet`);
-  error.code = "CJS_FORMAT_OUTPUT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED";
-  error.sourceFormat = metadata.sourceFormat;
-  error.emit = values.emit;
-  throw error;
-}
-
-/** Converts a parsed payload into a JSON-safe value for the DDS format reader. */
-function toJsonValue(value) {
-  if (value instanceof Uint8Array) {
-    return {
-      byteLength: value.byteLength
-    };
-  }
-  if (Array.isArray(value)) return value.map(toJsonValue);
-  if (value && typeof value === "object") {
-    const output = {};
-    for (const [key, entry] of Object.entries(value)) output[key] = toJsonValue(entry);
-    return output;
-  }
-  return value;
-}
-
-/**
- * Inspects the supplied bytes without decoding their payload for the DDS format
- * reader.
- */
-function inspectBytes(bytes) {
-  if (isPNG(bytes)) return inspectPNG(bytes);
-  if (isJPEG(bytes)) return inspectJPEG(bytes);
-  if (isDDS(bytes)) return inspectDDS(bytes);
-  if (isTGA(bytes)) return inspectTGA(bytes);
-  return {
-    sourceFormat: "",
-    width: 0,
-    height: 0
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * Reports whether the supplied bytes begin with a PNG signature for the DDS
- * format reader.
- */
-function isPNG(bytes) {
-  return bytes.byteLength >= 24 && bytes[0] === 0x89 && bytes[1] === 0x50 && bytes[2] === 0x4e && bytes[3] === 0x47 && bytes[4] === 0x0d && bytes[5] === 0x0a && bytes[6] === 0x1a && bytes[7] === 0x0a;
-}
-
-/**
- * Reports whether the supplied bytes begin with a JPEG signature for the DDS
- * format reader.
- */
-function isJPEG(bytes) {
-  return bytes.byteLength >= 4 && bytes[0] === 0xff && bytes[1] === 0xd8;
-}
-
-/**
- * Reports whether the supplied bytes begin with a DDS signature for the DDS
- * format reader.
- */
-function isDDS(bytes) {
-  return bytes.byteLength >= DDS_HEADER_SIZE + 4 && bytes[0] === 0x44 && bytes[1] === 0x44 && bytes[2] === 0x53 && bytes[3] === 0x20 && readU32LE(bytes, 4) === DDS_HEADER_SIZE;
-}
-
-/**
- * Reports whether the supplied bytes have a supported TGA header for the DDS
- * format reader.
- */
-function isTGA(bytes) {
-  if (bytes.byteLength < 18) return false;
-  const imageType = bytes[2],
-    width = readU16LE(bytes, 12),
-    height = readU16LE(bytes, 14),
-    bpp = bytes[16];
-  return width > 0 && height > 0 && [1, 2, 3, 9, 10, 11].includes(imageType) && [8, 16, 24, 32].includes(bpp);
-}
-function inspectPNG(bytes) {
-  const colorType = bytes[25],
-    bitDepth = bytes[24];
-  return {
-    sourceFormat: "png",
-    width: readU32BE(bytes, 16),
-    height: readU32BE(bytes, 20),
-    bitDepth,
-    colorType,
-    channels: pngChannels(colorType),
-    pixelFormat: `png-${bitDepth}-${colorType}`,
-    isCompressed: false
-  };
-}
-function inspectJPEG(bytes) {
-  let offset = 2;
-  while (offset + 9 < bytes.byteLength) {
-    if (bytes[offset] !== 0xff) {
-      offset++;
-      continue;
-    }
-    const marker = bytes[offset + 1],
-      length = readU16BE(bytes, offset + 2);
-    if ([0xc0, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0xc3].includes(marker)) {
-      return {
-        sourceFormat: "jpeg",
-        width: readU16BE(bytes, offset + 7),
-        height: readU16BE(bytes, offset + 5),
-        channels: bytes[offset + 9],
-        marker,
-        pixelFormat: "jpeg-ycbcr",
-        isCompressed: true
-      };
-    }
-    offset += Math.max(length + 2, 2);
-  }
-  return {
-    sourceFormat: "jpeg",
-    width: 0,
-    height: 0,
-    channels: 0,
-    pixelFormat: "jpeg",
-    isCompressed: true
-  };
-}
-function inspectDDS(bytes) {
-  const headerSize = readU32LE(bytes, 4);
-  const pfOffset = DDS_PIXELFORMAT_OFFSET;
-  const pfFlags = readU32LE(bytes, pfOffset + 4);
-  const fourCcCode = readU32LE(bytes, pfOffset + 8);
-  const fourCc = String.fromCharCode(bytes[84], bytes[85], bytes[86], bytes[87]).replace(/\0+$/u, "");
-  const rgbBitCount = readU32LE(bytes, pfOffset + 12);
-  const rBitMask = readU32LE(bytes, pfOffset + 16);
-  const gBitMask = readU32LE(bytes, pfOffset + 20);
-  const bBitMask = readU32LE(bytes, pfOffset + 24);
-  const aBitMask = readU32LE(bytes, pfOffset + 28);
-  const caps2 = readU32LE(bytes, 112);
-  const isCube = !!(caps2 & DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP);
-  const isVolume = !!(caps2 & DDSCAPS2_VOLUME);
-  const cubeFaces = getDdsCubeFaces(caps2);
-  const hasDx10 = fourCc === "DX10" && bytes.byteLength >= 148;
-  const dxgiFormat = hasDx10 ? readU32LE(bytes, 128) : 0;
-  const resourceDimension = hasDx10 ? readU32LE(bytes, 132) : 0;
-  const arraySize = hasDx10 ? readU32LE(bytes, 140) : 1;
-  const dataOffset = hasDx10 ? 148 : 128;
-  const pixelFormat = getDdsPixelFormat({
-    pfFlags,
-    fourCc,
-    fourCcCode,
-    rgbBitCount,
-    rBitMask,
-    gBitMask,
-    bBitMask,
-    aBitMask,
-    dxgiFormat
-  });
-  const width = readU32LE(bytes, 16);
-  const height = readU32LE(bytes, 12);
-  const depth = readU32LE(bytes, 24);
-  const mipCount = Math.max(readU32LE(bytes, 28), 1);
-  const dataBytes = Math.max(bytes.byteLength - dataOffset, 0);
-  const expectedDataBytes = pixelFormat ? getDdsExpectedDataBytes({
-    pixelFormat,
-    width,
-    height,
-    depth,
-    mipCount,
-    arraySize,
-    isCube,
-    isVolume
-  }) : null;
-  return {
-    sourceFormat: "dds",
-    headerSize,
-    width,
-    height,
-    depth,
-    mipCount,
-    pitchOrLinearSize: readU32LE(bytes, 20),
-    pfFlags,
-    fourCc,
-    fourCcCode,
-    rgbBitCount,
-    rBitMask,
-    gBitMask,
-    bBitMask,
-    aBitMask,
-    caps2,
-    hasDx10,
-    dxgiFormat,
-    resourceDimension,
-    arraySize,
-    dataOffset,
-    dataBytes,
-    expectedDataBytes,
-    isDataComplete: expectedDataBytes !== null && dataBytes >= expectedDataBytes,
-    missingDataBytes: expectedDataBytes === null ? null : Math.max(expectedDataBytes - dataBytes, 0),
-    extraDataBytes: expectedDataBytes === null ? null : Math.max(dataBytes - expectedDataBytes, 0),
-    faces: isCube ? 6 : 1,
-    cubeFaces,
-    isCubeComplete: isCube && cubeFaces.length === 6,
-    isCube,
-    isVolume,
-    dimension: isVolume ? "3d" : isCube ? "cube" : "2d",
-    pixelFormat,
-    textureFormat: pixelFormat || fourCc || "dds-legacy",
-    isCompressed: COMPRESSED_PIXEL_FORMATS.has(pixelFormat),
-    nativeTextureOnly: COMPRESSED_PIXEL_FORMATS.has(pixelFormat) && !canDecodeDdsToRgba({
-      pixelFormat
-    }),
-    hasAlpha: !!(pfFlags & DDS_ALPHAPIXELS) || /rgba|bgra/u.test(pixelFormat),
-    hasMipMaps: readU32LE(bytes, 28) > 1
-  };
-}
-function readDdsTexture(bytes, metadata) {
-  if (!metadata.pixelFormat) {
-    const error = new Error("dds: texture format is not recognized yet");
-    error.code = "CJS_FORMAT_OUTPUT_NOT_SUPPORTED";
-    error.sourceFormat = metadata.sourceFormat;
-    throw error;
-  }
-  const subresources = buildDdsSubresources(bytes, metadata);
-  return {
-    payloadType: OUTPUT_TEXTURE,
-    sourceFormat: "dds",
-    width: metadata.width,
-    height: metadata.height,
-    depth: metadata.depth,
-    faces: metadata.faces,
-    cubeFaces: metadata.cubeFaces,
-    isCubeComplete: metadata.isCubeComplete,
-    dimension: metadata.dimension,
-    mipCount: metadata.mipCount,
-    arraySize: metadata.arraySize,
-    pixelFormat: metadata.pixelFormat,
-    isCompressed: metadata.isCompressed,
-    dataBytes: metadata.dataBytes,
-    expectedDataBytes: metadata.expectedDataBytes,
-    isDataComplete: metadata.isDataComplete,
-    missingDataBytes: metadata.missingDataBytes,
-    extraDataBytes: metadata.extraDataBytes,
-    subresources,
-    metadata,
-    data: bytes.subarray(metadata.dataOffset, metadata.dataOffset + subresources.reduce((sum, entry) => sum + entry.byteLength, 0))
-  };
-}
-function canDecodeDdsToRgba(metadata) {
-  return ["rgba32float", "rgb32float", "rgba16float", "rg32float", "r32float", "r16float", "rgba8unorm", "rgba8unorm-srgb", "bgra8unorm", "bgra8unorm-srgb", "bgrx8unorm", "bgrx8unorm-srgb", "bgr8unorm", "rg8unorm", "r8unorm", "bc1-rgba-unorm", "bc1-rgba-unorm-srgb", "bc2-rgba-unorm", "bc2-rgba-unorm-srgb", "bc3-rgba-unorm", "bc3-rgba-unorm-srgb", "bc4-r-unorm", "bc4-r-snorm", "bc5-rg-unorm", "bc5-rg-snorm", "bc6h-rgb-ufloat", "bc6h-rgb-float", "bc7-rgba-unorm", "bc7-rgba-unorm-srgb"].includes(metadata.pixelFormat);
-}
-function readDdsToRgba(bytes, metadata) {
-  if (!canDecodeDdsToRgba(metadata)) {
-    const error = new Error(`dds: RGBA decode is not implemented for ${metadata.pixelFormat || "unknown"}`);
-    error.code = "CJS_FORMAT_OUTPUT_NOT_SUPPORTED";
-    error.sourceFormat = metadata.sourceFormat;
-    throw error;
-  }
-  const subresource = buildDdsSubresources(bytes, metadata)[0];
-  const source = bytes.subarray(metadata.dataOffset + subresource.offset, metadata.dataOffset + subresource.offset + subresource.byteLength);
-  const rgba = metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("bc1-") ? decodeBc1(source, metadata.width, metadata.height, subresource.rowPitch) : metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("bc2-") ? decodeBc2(source, metadata.width, metadata.height, subresource.rowPitch) : metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("bc3-") ? decodeBc3(source, metadata.width, metadata.height, subresource.rowPitch) : metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("bc4-") ? decodeBc4(source, metadata.width, metadata.height, subresource.rowPitch, metadata.pixelFormat.endsWith("-snorm")) : metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("bc5-") ? decodeBc5(source, metadata.width, metadata.height, subresource.rowPitch, metadata.pixelFormat.endsWith("-snorm")) : metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("bc6h-") ? decodeBc6h(source, metadata.width, metadata.height, subresource.rowPitch, metadata.pixelFormat === "bc6h-rgb-float") : metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("bc7-") ? decodeBc7(source, metadata.width, metadata.height, subresource.rowPitch) : isFloatPixelFormat(metadata.pixelFormat) ? decodeFloatUncompressed(source, metadata) : decodeUncompressed(source, metadata);
-  const isFloat = isFloatPixelFormat(metadata.pixelFormat);
-  return {
-    payloadType: OUTPUT_RGBA,
-    sourceFormat: "dds",
-    width: metadata.width,
-    height: metadata.height,
-    pixelFormat: isFloat ? "rgba32float" : "rgba8unorm",
-    strideBytes: metadata.width * (isFloat ? 16 : 4),
-    origin: "top-left",
-    colorSpace: isFloat ? "linear" : metadata.pixelFormat.endsWith("-srgb") ? "srgb" : "unknown",
-    alphaMode: metadata.hasAlpha ? "straight" : "opaque",
-    metadata,
-    data: rgba
-  };
-}
-function buildDdsSubresources(bytes, metadata) {
-  const subresources = [];
-  let offset = 0;
-  const layers = Math.max(metadata.arraySize, 1) * (metadata.isCube ? 6 : 1);
-  for (let layer = 0; layer < layers; layer++) {
-    const arrayIndex = metadata.isCube ? Math.floor(layer / 6) : layer;
-    const face = metadata.isCube ? layer % 6 : 0;
-    for (let mip = 0; mip < metadata.mipCount; mip++) {
-      const width = Math.max(metadata.width >> mip, 1);
-      const height = Math.max(metadata.height >> mip, 1);
-      const depth = metadata.isVolume ? Math.max(metadata.depth >> mip, 1) : 1;
-      const layout = getDdsLevelLayout(metadata.pixelFormat, width, height, depth);
-      if (offset + layout.byteLength > bytes.byteLength - metadata.dataOffset) {
-        const error = new Error("dds: texture data is truncated");
-        error.code = "CJS_FORMAT_TRUNCATED";
-        error.sourceFormat = metadata.sourceFormat;
-        error.expectedDataBytes = metadata.expectedDataBytes;
-        error.dataBytes = metadata.dataBytes;
-        error.missingDataBytes = metadata.missingDataBytes;
-        throw error;
-      }
-      subresources.push({
-        mip,
-        layer,
-        arrayIndex,
-        face,
-        offset,
-        byteLength: layout.byteLength,
-        rowPitch: layout.rowPitch,
-        slicePitch: layout.slicePitch,
-        width,
-        height,
-        depth
-      });
-      offset += layout.byteLength;
-    }
-  }
-  return subresources;
-}
-function getDdsExpectedDataBytes(metadata) {
-  let total = 0;
-  const layers = Math.max(metadata.arraySize, 1) * (metadata.isCube ? 6 : 1);
-  for (let layer = 0; layer < layers; layer++) {
-    for (let mip = 0; mip < metadata.mipCount; mip++) {
-      const width = Math.max(metadata.width >> mip, 1);
-      const height = Math.max(metadata.height >> mip, 1);
-      const depth = metadata.isVolume ? Math.max(metadata.depth >> mip, 1) : 1;
-      total += getDdsLevelLayout(metadata.pixelFormat, width, height, depth).byteLength;
-    }
-  }
-  return total;
-}
-function getDdsCubeFaces(caps2) {
-  if (!(caps2 & DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP)) {
-    return [];
-  }
-  return DDS_CUBE_FACE_FLAGS.filter(entry => !!(caps2 & entry[1])).map(entry => entry[0]);
-}
-function getDdsLevelLayout(pixelFormat, width, height, depth) {
-  const blockBytes = pixelFormat.startsWith("bc1-") || pixelFormat.startsWith("bc4-") ? 8 : pixelFormat.startsWith("bc") ? 16 : 0;
-  if (blockBytes) {
-    const blocksWide = Math.max(Math.ceil(width / 4), 1);
-    const blocksHigh = Math.max(Math.ceil(height / 4), 1);
-    const rowPitch = blocksWide * blockBytes;
-    const slicePitch = rowPitch * blocksHigh;
-    return {
-      rowPitch,
-      slicePitch,
-      byteLength: slicePitch * depth
-    };
-  }
-  const bytesPerPixel = {
-    "rgba32float": 16,
-    "rgb32float": 12,
-    "rgba16float": 8,
-    "rg32float": 8,
-    "r32float": 4,
-    "r16float": 2,
-    "rgba8unorm": 4,
-    "rgba8unorm-srgb": 4,
-    "bgra8unorm": 4,
-    "bgra8unorm-srgb": 4,
-    "bgrx8unorm": 4,
-    "bgrx8unorm-srgb": 4,
-    "bgr8unorm": 3,
-    "rg8unorm": 2,
-    "r8unorm": 1
-  }[pixelFormat];
-  if (!bytesPerPixel) {
-    const error = new Error(`dds: cannot calculate subresource layout for ${pixelFormat || "unknown"}`);
-    error.code = "CJS_FORMAT_OUTPUT_NOT_SUPPORTED";
-    throw error;
-  }
-  const rowPitch = width * bytesPerPixel;
-  const slicePitch = rowPitch * height;
-  return {
-    rowPitch,
-    slicePitch,
-    byteLength: slicePitch * depth
-  };
-}
-function decodeUncompressed(source, metadata) {
-  const rgba = new Uint8Array(metadata.width * metadata.height * 4);
-  const bytesPerPixel = metadata.pixelFormat === "bgr8unorm" ? 3 : metadata.pixelFormat === "rg8unorm" ? 2 : metadata.pixelFormat === "r8unorm" ? 1 : 4;
-  for (let pixel = 0; pixel < metadata.width * metadata.height; pixel++) {
-    const sourceOffset = pixel * bytesPerPixel;
-    const outputOffset = pixel * 4;
-    if (metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("bgra") || metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("bgrx")) {
-      rgba[outputOffset] = source[sourceOffset + 2];
-      rgba[outputOffset + 1] = source[sourceOffset + 1];
-      rgba[outputOffset + 2] = source[sourceOffset];
-      rgba[outputOffset + 3] = metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("bgrx") ? 255 : source[sourceOffset + 3];
-    } else if (metadata.pixelFormat === "bgr8unorm") {
-      rgba[outputOffset] = source[sourceOffset + 2];
-      rgba[outputOffset + 1] = source[sourceOffset + 1];
-      rgba[outputOffset + 2] = source[sourceOffset];
-      rgba[outputOffset + 3] = 255;
-    } else if (metadata.pixelFormat === "rg8unorm") {
-      rgba[outputOffset] = source[sourceOffset];
-      rgba[outputOffset + 1] = source[sourceOffset + 1];
-      rgba[outputOffset + 2] = 0;
-      rgba[outputOffset + 3] = 255;
-    } else {
-      rgba[outputOffset] = source[sourceOffset];
-      rgba[outputOffset + 1] = bytesPerPixel > 1 ? source[sourceOffset + 1] : source[sourceOffset];
-      rgba[outputOffset + 2] = bytesPerPixel > 2 ? source[sourceOffset + 2] : source[sourceOffset];
-      rgba[outputOffset + 3] = bytesPerPixel > 3 ? source[sourceOffset + 3] : 255;
-    }
-  }
-  return rgba;
-}
-function decodeFloatUncompressed(source, metadata) {
-  const rgba = new Float32Array(metadata.width * metadata.height * 4);
-  const view = new DataView(source.buffer, source.byteOffset, source.byteLength);
-  const bytesPerPixel = {
-    "rgba32float": 16,
-    "rgb32float": 12,
-    "rgba16float": 8,
-    "rg32float": 8,
-    "r32float": 4,
-    "r16float": 2
-  }[metadata.pixelFormat];
-  for (let pixel = 0; pixel < metadata.width * metadata.height; pixel++) {
-    const sourceOffset = pixel * bytesPerPixel;
-    const outputOffset = pixel * 4;
-    let red, green, blue, alpha;
-    if (metadata.pixelFormat === "rgba32float") {
-      red = view.getFloat32(sourceOffset, true);
-      green = view.getFloat32(sourceOffset + 4, true);
-      blue = view.getFloat32(sourceOffset + 8, true);
-      alpha = view.getFloat32(sourceOffset + 12, true);
-    } else if (metadata.pixelFormat === "rgb32float") {
-      red = view.getFloat32(sourceOffset, true);
-      green = view.getFloat32(sourceOffset + 4, true);
-      blue = view.getFloat32(sourceOffset + 8, true);
-      alpha = 1;
-    } else if (metadata.pixelFormat === "rgba16float") {
-      red = halfToFloat(view.getUint16(sourceOffset, true));
-      green = halfToFloat(view.getUint16(sourceOffset + 2, true));
-      blue = halfToFloat(view.getUint16(sourceOffset + 4, true));
-      alpha = halfToFloat(view.getUint16(sourceOffset + 6, true));
-    } else if (metadata.pixelFormat === "rg32float") {
-      red = view.getFloat32(sourceOffset, true);
-      green = view.getFloat32(sourceOffset + 4, true);
-      blue = 0;
-      alpha = 1;
-    } else {
-      red = metadata.pixelFormat === "r16float" ? halfToFloat(view.getUint16(sourceOffset, true)) : view.getFloat32(sourceOffset, true);
-      green = red;
-      blue = red;
-      alpha = 1;
-    }
-    rgba[outputOffset] = red;
-    rgba[outputOffset + 1] = green;
-    rgba[outputOffset + 2] = blue;
-    rgba[outputOffset + 3] = alpha;
-  }
-  return rgba;
-}
-function isFloatPixelFormat(pixelFormat) {
-  return typeof pixelFormat === "string" && (pixelFormat.startsWith("bc6h-") || ["rgba32float", "rgb32float", "rgba16float", "rg32float", "r32float", "r16float"].includes(pixelFormat));
-}
-function halfToFloat(value) {
-  const sign = value & 0x8000 ? -1 : 1;
-  const exponent = value >>> 10 & 0x1f;
-  const mantissa = value & 0x03ff;
-  if (exponent === 0) {
-    return sign * Math.pow(2, -14) * (mantissa / 1024);
-  }
-  if (exponent === 0x1f) {
-    return mantissa === 0 ? sign * Infinity : NaN;
-  }
-  return sign * Math.pow(2, exponent - 15) * (1 + mantissa / 1024);
-}
-function decodeBc1(source, width, height, rowPitch) {
-  const rgba = new Uint8Array(width * height * 4);
-  for (let blockY = 0; blockY < Math.ceil(height / 4); blockY++) {
-    for (let blockX = 0; blockX < Math.ceil(width / 4); blockX++) {
-      const blockOffset = blockY * rowPitch + blockX * 8;
-      const c0 = source[blockOffset] | source[blockOffset + 1] << 8;
-      const c1 = source[blockOffset + 2] | source[blockOffset + 3] << 8;
-      const colors = decodeBc1Colors(c0, c1);
-      const indices = source[blockOffset + 4] | source[blockOffset + 5] << 8 | source[blockOffset + 6] << 16 | source[blockOffset + 7] << 24;
-      for (let y = 0; y < 4; y++) {
-        for (let x = 0; x < 4; x++) {
-          const outputX = blockX * 4 + x;
-          const outputY = blockY * 4 + y;
-          if (outputX >= width || outputY >= height) continue;
-          const color = colors[indices >>> 2 * (y * 4 + x) & 3];
-          rgba.set(color, (outputY * width + outputX) * 4);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return rgba;
-}
-function decodeBc2(source, width, height, rowPitch) {
-  return decodeBcAlphaColor(source, width, height, rowPitch, (blockOffset, x, y) => {
-    const alphaNibble = source[blockOffset + y * 2 + Math.floor(x / 2)] >>> x % 2 * 4 & 0x0f;
-    return alphaNibble * 17;
-  }, 8);
-}
-function decodeBc3(source, width, height, rowPitch) {
-  return decodeBcAlphaColor(source, width, height, rowPitch, (blockOffset, x, y) => {
-    const alpha0 = source[blockOffset],
-      alpha1 = source[blockOffset + 1];
-    const alphaValues = alpha0 > alpha1 ? [alpha0, alpha1, Math.round((6 * alpha0 + alpha1) / 7), Math.round((5 * alpha0 + 2 * alpha1) / 7), Math.round((4 * alpha0 + 3 * alpha1) / 7), Math.round((3 * alpha0 + 4 * alpha1) / 7), Math.round((2 * alpha0 + 5 * alpha1) / 7), Math.round((alpha0 + 6 * alpha1) / 7)] : [alpha0, alpha1, Math.round((4 * alpha0 + alpha1) / 5), Math.round((3 * alpha0 + 2 * alpha1) / 5), Math.round((2 * alpha0 + 3 * alpha1) / 5), Math.round((alpha0 + 4 * alpha1) / 5), 0, 255];
-    let alphaBits = 0n;
-    for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) alphaBits |= BigInt(source[blockOffset + 2 + i]) << BigInt(i * 8);
-    return alphaValues[Number(alphaBits >> BigInt((y * 4 + x) * 3) & 7n)];
-  }, 8);
-}
-function decodeBc4(source, width, height, rowPitch, signed) {
-  const rgba = new Uint8Array(width * height * 4);
-  forEachBcPixel(width, height, rowPitch, 8, (blockOffset, x, y, outputOffset) => {
-    const value = decodeBc4Value(source, blockOffset, x, y, signed);
-    rgba[outputOffset] = value;
-    rgba[outputOffset + 1] = value;
-    rgba[outputOffset + 2] = value;
-    rgba[outputOffset + 3] = 255;
-  });
-  return rgba;
-}
-function decodeBc5(source, width, height, rowPitch, signed) {
-  const rgba = new Uint8Array(width * height * 4);
-  forEachBcPixel(width, height, rowPitch, 16, (blockOffset, x, y, outputOffset) => {
-    rgba[outputOffset] = decodeBc4Value(source, blockOffset, x, y, signed);
-    rgba[outputOffset + 1] = decodeBc4Value(source, blockOffset + 8, x, y, signed);
-    rgba[outputOffset + 2] = 0;
-    rgba[outputOffset + 3] = 255;
-  });
-  return rgba;
-}
-function decodeBc4Value(source, blockOffset, x, y, signed) {
-  const endpoint0 = signed ? decodeSnormByte(source[blockOffset]) : source[blockOffset];
-  const endpoint1 = signed ? decodeSnormByte(source[blockOffset + 1]) : source[blockOffset + 1];
-  const values = endpoint0 > endpoint1 ? [endpoint0, endpoint1, (6 * endpoint0 + endpoint1) / 7, (5 * endpoint0 + 2 * endpoint1) / 7, (4 * endpoint0 + 3 * endpoint1) / 7, (3 * endpoint0 + 4 * endpoint1) / 7, (2 * endpoint0 + 5 * endpoint1) / 7, (endpoint0 + 6 * endpoint1) / 7] : [endpoint0, endpoint1, (4 * endpoint0 + endpoint1) / 5, (3 * endpoint0 + 2 * endpoint1) / 5, (2 * endpoint0 + 3 * endpoint1) / 5, (endpoint0 + 4 * endpoint1) / 5, signed ? -1 : 0, signed ? 1 : 255];
-  let bits = 0n;
-  for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) bits |= BigInt(source[blockOffset + 2 + i]) << BigInt(i * 8);
-  const value = values[Number(bits >> BigInt((y * 4 + x) * 3) & 7n)];
-  return signed ? Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round((value + 1) * 127.5))) : Math.round(value);
-}
-function decodeSnormByte(value) {
-  const signed = value > 127 ? value - 256 : value;
-  return Math.max(-1, signed / 127);
-}
-function forEachBcPixel(width, height, rowPitch, blockBytes, callback) {
-  for (let blockY = 0; blockY < Math.ceil(height / 4); blockY++) {
-    for (let blockX = 0; blockX < Math.ceil(width / 4); blockX++) {
-      const blockOffset = blockY * rowPitch + blockX * blockBytes;
-      for (let y = 0; y < 4; y++) {
-        for (let x = 0; x < 4; x++) {
-          const outputX = blockX * 4 + x;
-          const outputY = blockY * 4 + y;
-          if (outputX < width && outputY < height) {
-            callback(blockOffset, x, y, (outputY * width + outputX) * 4);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-function decodeBcAlphaColor(source, width, height, rowPitch, alphaAt, colorOffset = 0) {
-  const rgba = new Uint8Array(width * height * 4);
-  for (let blockY = 0; blockY < Math.ceil(height / 4); blockY++) {
-    for (let blockX = 0; blockX < Math.ceil(width / 4); blockX++) {
-      const blockOffset = blockY * rowPitch + blockX * 16;
-      const colorOffsetInBlock = blockOffset + colorOffset;
-      const c0 = source[colorOffsetInBlock] | source[colorOffsetInBlock + 1] << 8;
-      const c1 = source[colorOffsetInBlock + 2] | source[colorOffsetInBlock + 3] << 8;
-      const colors = decodeBc1Colors(c0, c1, true);
-      const indices = source[colorOffsetInBlock + 4] | source[colorOffsetInBlock + 5] << 8 | source[colorOffsetInBlock + 6] << 16 | source[colorOffsetInBlock + 7] << 24;
-      for (let y = 0; y < 4; y++) {
-        for (let x = 0; x < 4; x++) {
-          const outputX = blockX * 4 + x;
-          const outputY = blockY * 4 + y;
-          if (outputX >= width || outputY >= height) continue;
-          const color = colors[indices >>> 2 * (y * 4 + x) & 3];
-          const outputOffset = (outputY * width + outputX) * 4;
-          rgba[outputOffset] = color[0];
-          rgba[outputOffset + 1] = color[1];
-          rgba[outputOffset + 2] = color[2];
-          rgba[outputOffset + 3] = alphaAt(blockOffset, x, y);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return rgba;
-}
-function decodeBc1Colors(c0, c1, forceFourColor = false) {
-  const first = decode565(c0);
-  const second = decode565(c1);
-  const colors = [first, second];
-  if (c0 > c1 || forceFourColor) {
-    colors.push([Math.round((2 * first[0] + second[0]) / 3), Math.round((2 * first[1] + second[1]) / 3), Math.round((2 * first[2] + second[2]) / 3), 255], [Math.round((first[0] + 2 * second[0]) / 3), Math.round((first[1] + 2 * second[1]) / 3), Math.round((first[2] + 2 * second[2]) / 3), 255]);
-  } else {
-    colors.push([Math.round((first[0] + second[0]) / 2), Math.round((first[1] + second[1]) / 2), Math.round((first[2] + second[2]) / 2), 255], [0, 0, 0, 0]);
-  }
-  return colors;
-}
-function decode565(value) {
-  return [Math.round((value >>> 11 & 0x1f) * 255 / 31), Math.round((value >>> 5 & 0x3f) * 255 / 63), Math.round((value & 0x1f) * 255 / 31), 255];
-}
-function getDdsPixelFormat(format) {
-  if (format.dxgiFormat) return DXGI_PIXEL_FORMATS[format.dxgiFormat] || "";
-  if (format.pfFlags & DDS_FOURCC && format.fourCc) {
-    return FOURCC_PIXEL_FORMATS[format.fourCc] || {
-      113: "rgba16float",
-      116: "rgba32float"
-    }[format.fourCcCode] || "";
-  }
-  if (format.pfFlags & DDS_RGB) {
-    if (format.rgbBitCount === 32 && format.rBitMask === 0x000000ff && format.gBitMask === 0x0000ff00 && format.bBitMask === 0x00ff0000 && format.aBitMask === 0xff000000) return "rgba8unorm";
-    if (format.rgbBitCount === 32 && format.rBitMask === 0x00ff0000 && format.gBitMask === 0x0000ff00 && format.bBitMask === 0x000000ff && format.aBitMask === 0xff000000) return "bgra8unorm";
-    if (format.rgbBitCount === 24 && format.rBitMask === 0x00ff0000 && format.gBitMask === 0x0000ff00 && format.bBitMask === 0x000000ff) return "bgr8unorm";
-  }
-  return "";
-}
-function inspectTGA(bytes) {
-  return {
-    sourceFormat: "tga",
-    width: readU16LE(bytes, 12),
-    height: readU16LE(bytes, 14),
-    channels: Math.max(bytes[16] / 8, 1),
-    imageType: bytes[2],
-    pixelFormat: `tga-${bytes[16]}`,
-    isCompressed: [9, 10, 11].includes(bytes[2])
-  };
-}
-function pngChannels(colorType) {
-  if (colorType === 0) return 1;
-  if (colorType === 2) return 3;
-  if (colorType === 3) return 1;
-  if (colorType === 4) return 2;
-  if (colorType === 6) return 4;
-  return 0;
-}
-function readU16BE(bytes, offset) {
-  return bytes[offset] << 8 | bytes[offset + 1];
-}
-function readU16LE(bytes, offset) {
-  return bytes[offset] | bytes[offset + 1] << 8;
-}
-function readU32BE(bytes, offset) {
-  return bytes[offset] * 0x1000000 + (bytes[offset + 1] << 16 | bytes[offset + 2] << 8 | bytes[offset + 3]) >>> 0;
-}
-function readU32LE(bytes, offset) {
-  return (bytes[offset] | bytes[offset + 1] << 8 | bytes[offset + 2] << 16 | bytes[offset + 3] * 0x1000000) >>> 0;
-}
-function capitalize(value) {
-  return value ? value[0].toUpperCase() + value.slice(1) : "Image";
-}
-
-export { DEFAULT_VALUES, OUTPUT_IMAGE, OUTPUT_JSON, OUTPUT_RAW, OUTPUT_RGBA, OUTPUT_TEXTURE, inspectBytes, inspectWithValues, isDDS, isJPEG, isPNG, isSupportedWithValues, isTGA, normalizeEmit, normalizeInputType, normalizeValues, readWithValues, toBytes, toJsonValue };
-//# sourceMappingURL=helpers.js.map
+import { decodeBc6h } from './bc6h.js';
+import { decodeBc7 } from './bc7.js';
+
+const OUTPUT_IMAGE = "image";
+const OUTPUT_TEXTURE = "texture";
+const OUTPUT_RGBA = "rgba";
+const OUTPUT_RAW = "raw";
+const OUTPUT_JSON = "json";
+const DEFAULT_VALUES = Object.freeze({
+  emit: OUTPUT_RAW,
+  inputType: "",
+  source: ""
+});
+const DDS_HEADER_SIZE = 124;
+const DDS_PIXELFORMAT_OFFSET = 76;
+const DDS_FOURCC = 0x00000004;
+const DDS_RGB = 0x00000040;
+const DDS_ALPHAPIXELS = 0x00000001;
+const DDS_ALPHA = 0x00000002;
+const DDS_LUMINANCE = 0x00020000;
+const DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP = 0x00000200;
+const DDSCAPS2_VOLUME = 0x00200000;
+const DDS_CUBE_FACE_FLAGS = Object.freeze([["positive-x", 0x00000400], ["negative-x", 0x00000800], ["positive-y", 0x00001000], ["negative-y", 0x00002000], ["positive-z", 0x00004000], ["negative-z", 0x00008000]]);
+const FOURCC_PIXEL_FORMATS = Object.freeze({
+  DXT1: "bc1-rgba-unorm",
+  DXT3: "bc2-rgba-unorm",
+  DXT5: "bc3-rgba-unorm",
+  ATI1: "bc4-r-unorm",
+  BC4U: "bc4-r-unorm",
+  BC4S: "bc4-r-snorm",
+  ATI2: "bc5-rg-unorm",
+  BC5U: "bc5-rg-unorm",
+  BC5S: "bc5-rg-snorm"
+});
+const DXGI_PIXEL_FORMATS = Object.freeze({
+  2: "rgba32float",
+  6: "rgb32float",
+  10: "rgba16float",
+  16: "rg32float",
+  41: "r32float",
+  54: "r16float",
+  28: "rgba8unorm",
+  29: "rgba8unorm-srgb",
+  49: "rg8unorm",
+  61: "r8unorm",
+  71: "bc1-rgba-unorm",
+  72: "bc1-rgba-unorm-srgb",
+  74: "bc2-rgba-unorm",
+  75: "bc2-rgba-unorm-srgb",
+  77: "bc3-rgba-unorm",
+  78: "bc3-rgba-unorm-srgb",
+  80: "bc4-r-unorm",
+  81: "bc4-r-snorm",
+  83: "bc5-rg-unorm",
+  84: "bc5-rg-snorm",
+  87: "bgra8unorm",
+  88: "bgrx8unorm",
+  91: "bgra8unorm-srgb",
+  93: "bgrx8unorm-srgb",
+  95: "bc6h-rgb-ufloat",
+  96: "bc6h-rgb-float",
+  98: "bc7-rgba-unorm",
+  99: "bc7-rgba-unorm-srgb"
+});
+const COMPRESSED_PIXEL_FORMATS = new Set(["bc1-rgba-unorm", "bc1-rgba-unorm-srgb", "bc2-rgba-unorm", "bc2-rgba-unorm-srgb", "bc3-rgba-unorm", "bc3-rgba-unorm-srgb", "bc4-r-unorm", "bc4-r-snorm", "bc5-rg-unorm", "bc5-rg-snorm", "bc6h-rgb-ufloat", "bc6h-rgb-float", "bc7-rgba-unorm", "bc7-rgba-unorm-srgb"]);
+const DEBUG_OUTPUTS = Object.freeze({
+  png: "pngJson",
+  jpeg: "jpegJson",
+  jpg: "jpegJson",
+  tga: "tgaJson",
+  dds: "ddsJson"
+});
+
+/**
+ * Normalizes reader options against their supported defaults for the DDS format
+ * reader.
+ */
+function normalizeValues(base = DEFAULT_VALUES, options = {}, readerName = "CjsImageFormat") {
+  const values = {
+    ...DEFAULT_VALUES,
+    ...(base || {}),
+    ...(options || {})
+  };
+  values.inputType = normalizeInputType(values.inputType);
+  values.emit = normalizeEmit(values.emit, values.inputType, readerName);
+  return values;
+}
+
+/** Normalizes the requested input representation for the DDS format reader. */
+function normalizeInputType(inputType) {
+  if (!inputType) return "";
+  const value = String(inputType).replace(/^\./u, "").toLowerCase();
+  return value === "jpg" ? "jpeg" : value;
+}
+
+/** Normalizes the requested output representation for the DDS format reader. */
+function normalizeEmit(emit, inputType, readerName) {
+  if (emit === undefined || emit === null) return OUTPUT_RAW;
+  if (emit === OUTPUT_JSON && inputType) return DEBUG_OUTPUTS[inputType] || OUTPUT_JSON;
+  if ([OUTPUT_IMAGE, OUTPUT_TEXTURE, OUTPUT_RGBA, OUTPUT_RAW, OUTPUT_JSON].includes(emit)) return emit;
+  if (Object.values(DEBUG_OUTPUTS).includes(emit)) return emit;
+  throw new TypeError(`${readerName}: unknown emit value ${JSON.stringify(emit)}`);
+}
+
+/** Returns a byte view over the supplied binary input for the DDS format reader. */
+function toBytes(input) {
+  if (input instanceof Uint8Array) return input;
+  if (input instanceof ArrayBuffer) return new Uint8Array(input);
+  if (ArrayBuffer.isView(input)) return new Uint8Array(input.buffer, input.byteOffset, input.byteLength);
+  throw new TypeError("Image input must be Uint8Array, ArrayBuffer, or DataView");
+}
+
+/** Inspects input using normalized format options for the DDS format reader. */
+function inspectWithValues(input, values = DEFAULT_VALUES, expectedType = "") {
+  const bytes = toBytes(input);
+  const detected = inspectBytes(bytes);
+  const sourceFormat = expectedType || values.inputType || detected.sourceFormat;
+  if (expectedType && detected.sourceFormat && detected.sourceFormat !== expectedType) {
+    throw new TypeError(`CjsFormat${capitalize(expectedType)}: expected ${expectedType}, got ${detected.sourceFormat}`);
+  }
+  return {
+    payloadType: sourceFormat === "dds" ? "texture" : "image",
+    mediaTypes: sourceFormat === "dds" ? ["texture", "image"] : ["image"],
+    sourceFormat,
+    byteLength: bytes.byteLength,
+    ...detected
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reports whether input is supported under normalized format options for the DDS
+ * format reader.
+ */
+function isSupportedWithValues(input, values = DEFAULT_VALUES, expectedType = "") {
+  try {
+    const metadata = inspectWithValues(input, values, expectedType);
+    const hasCompleteTextureData = metadata.isDataComplete !== false;
+    const canEmitTexture = metadata.sourceFormat === "dds" && metadata.dataOffset > 0 && !!metadata.pixelFormat && hasCompleteTextureData;
+    const canEmitRgba = canDecodeDdsToRgba(metadata) && hasCompleteTextureData;
+    const textureUnsupportedReason = !metadata.pixelFormat ? "DDS texture format is not recognized yet." : !hasCompleteTextureData ? `DDS texture data is truncated: expected ${metadata.expectedDataBytes} bytes, got ${metadata.dataBytes}.` : "";
+    const variants = metadata.sourceFormat === "dds" ? [{
+      kind: "compressed",
+      payloadType: "texture",
+      codec: metadata.pixelFormat || metadata.textureFormat || "unknown",
+      supported: canEmitTexture && metadata.isCompressed,
+      nativeOnly: !!metadata.nativeTextureOnly,
+      reason: metadata.isCompressed ? textureUnsupportedReason : "DDS is not block-compressed."
+    }, {
+      kind: "texture",
+      payloadType: "texture",
+      codec: metadata.pixelFormat || metadata.textureFormat || "unknown",
+      supported: canEmitTexture,
+      reason: canEmitTexture ? "" : textureUnsupportedReason
+    }, {
+      kind: "rgba",
+      payloadType: "rgba",
+      codec: canEmitRgba ? isFloatPixelFormat(metadata.pixelFormat) ? "rgba32float" : "rgba8unorm" : "rgba8unorm",
+      supported: canEmitRgba,
+      reason: canEmitRgba ? "" : textureUnsupportedReason || (metadata.nativeTextureOnly ? `${metadata.pixelFormat} is available as a native compressed texture only; register a software decoder or alternate representation for RGBA fallback.` : "DDS RGBA decode is not implemented for this pixel format.")
+    }, {
+      kind: "raw",
+      payloadType: "raw",
+      codec: "dds",
+      supported: true
+    }] : [{
+      kind: "rgba",
+      codec: "rgba8",
+      supported: false,
+      reason: `${metadata.sourceFormat.toUpperCase()} RGBA decode is not implemented yet.`
+    }];
+    const preferredVariant = variants.find(v => v.supported && v.kind !== "raw") || variants.find(v => v.supported);
+    return {
+      format: metadata.sourceFormat,
+      source: values.source || "buffer",
+      supported: metadata.sourceFormat ? variants.some(v => v.supported && v.kind !== "raw") ? "full" : variants.some(v => v.supported) ? "partial" : "none" : "none",
+      confidence: metadata.sourceFormat ? 1 : 0,
+      preferred: preferredVariant?.codec || "",
+      reason: metadata.sourceFormat ? "Container/header recognized." : "Unrecognized image format.",
+      metadata,
+      variants,
+      warnings: [],
+      errors: []
+    };
+  } catch (error) {
+    return {
+      format: expectedType || values.inputType || "",
+      source: values.source || "buffer",
+      supported: "none",
+      confidence: 0,
+      preferred: "",
+      reason: error.message,
+      metadata: null,
+      variants: [],
+      warnings: [],
+      errors: [error.message]
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+/** Reads input using normalized format options for the DDS format reader. */
+function readWithValues(input, values = DEFAULT_VALUES, expectedType = "") {
+  const bytes = toBytes(input);
+  const metadata = inspectWithValues(bytes, values, expectedType);
+  if (values.emit === OUTPUT_RAW) {
+    return {
+      payloadType: "raw",
+      sourceFormat: metadata.sourceFormat,
+      metadata,
+      bytes
+    };
+  }
+  if (values.emit === OUTPUT_JSON || values.emit === DEBUG_OUTPUTS[metadata.sourceFormat]) {
+    return metadata;
+  }
+  if (values.emit === OUTPUT_TEXTURE && metadata.sourceFormat === "dds") {
+    return readDdsTexture(bytes, metadata);
+  }
+  if ((values.emit === OUTPUT_RGBA || values.emit === OUTPUT_IMAGE) && metadata.sourceFormat === "dds") {
+    return readDdsToRgba(bytes, metadata);
+  }
+  const error = new Error(`${metadata.sourceFormat}: emit "${values.emit}" is not implemented yet`);
+  error.code = "CJS_FORMAT_OUTPUT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED";
+  error.sourceFormat = metadata.sourceFormat;
+  error.emit = values.emit;
+  throw error;
+}
+
+/** Converts a parsed payload into a JSON-safe value for the DDS format reader. */
+function toJsonValue(value) {
+  if (value instanceof Uint8Array) {
+    return {
+      byteLength: value.byteLength
+    };
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) return value.map(toJsonValue);
+  if (value && typeof value === "object") {
+    const output = {};
+    for (const [key, entry] of Object.entries(value)) output[key] = toJsonValue(entry);
+    return output;
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Inspects the supplied bytes without decoding their payload for the DDS format
+ * reader.
+ */
+function inspectBytes(bytes) {
+  if (isPNG(bytes)) return inspectPNG(bytes);
+  if (isJPEG(bytes)) return inspectJPEG(bytes);
+  if (isDDS(bytes)) return inspectDDS(bytes);
+  if (isTGA(bytes)) return inspectTGA(bytes);
+  return {
+    sourceFormat: "",
+    width: 0,
+    height: 0
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reports whether the supplied bytes begin with a PNG signature for the DDS
+ * format reader.
+ */
+function isPNG(bytes) {
+  return bytes.byteLength >= 24 && bytes[0] === 0x89 && bytes[1] === 0x50 && bytes[2] === 0x4e && bytes[3] === 0x47 && bytes[4] === 0x0d && bytes[5] === 0x0a && bytes[6] === 0x1a && bytes[7] === 0x0a;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reports whether the supplied bytes begin with a JPEG signature for the DDS
+ * format reader.
+ */
+function isJPEG(bytes) {
+  return bytes.byteLength >= 4 && bytes[0] === 0xff && bytes[1] === 0xd8;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reports whether the supplied bytes begin with a DDS signature for the DDS
+ * format reader.
+ */
+function isDDS(bytes) {
+  return bytes.byteLength >= DDS_HEADER_SIZE + 4 && bytes[0] === 0x44 && bytes[1] === 0x44 && bytes[2] === 0x53 && bytes[3] === 0x20 && readU32LE(bytes, 4) === DDS_HEADER_SIZE;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reports whether the supplied bytes have a supported TGA header for the DDS
+ * format reader.
+ */
+function isTGA(bytes) {
+  if (bytes.byteLength < 18) return false;
+  const imageType = bytes[2],
+    width = readU16LE(bytes, 12),
+    height = readU16LE(bytes, 14),
+    bpp = bytes[16];
+  return width > 0 && height > 0 && [1, 2, 3, 9, 10, 11].includes(imageType) && [8, 16, 24, 32].includes(bpp);
+}
+function inspectPNG(bytes) {
+  const colorType = bytes[25],
+    bitDepth = bytes[24];
+  return {
+    sourceFormat: "png",
+    width: readU32BE(bytes, 16),
+    height: readU32BE(bytes, 20),
+    bitDepth,
+    colorType,
+    channels: pngChannels(colorType),
+    pixelFormat: `png-${bitDepth}-${colorType}`,
+    isCompressed: false
+  };
+}
+function inspectJPEG(bytes) {
+  let offset = 2;
+  while (offset + 9 < bytes.byteLength) {
+    if (bytes[offset] !== 0xff) {
+      offset++;
+      continue;
+    }
+    const marker = bytes[offset + 1],
+      length = readU16BE(bytes, offset + 2);
+    if ([0xc0, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0xc3].includes(marker)) {
+      return {
+        sourceFormat: "jpeg",
+        width: readU16BE(bytes, offset + 7),
+        height: readU16BE(bytes, offset + 5),
+        channels: bytes[offset + 9],
+        marker,
+        pixelFormat: "jpeg-ycbcr",
+        isCompressed: true
+      };
+    }
+    offset += Math.max(length + 2, 2);
+  }
+  return {
+    sourceFormat: "jpeg",
+    width: 0,
+    height: 0,
+    channels: 0,
+    pixelFormat: "jpeg",
+    isCompressed: true
+  };
+}
+function inspectDDS(bytes) {
+  const headerSize = readU32LE(bytes, 4);
+  const pfOffset = DDS_PIXELFORMAT_OFFSET;
+  const pfFlags = readU32LE(bytes, pfOffset + 4);
+  const fourCcCode = readU32LE(bytes, pfOffset + 8);
+  const fourCc = String.fromCharCode(bytes[84], bytes[85], bytes[86], bytes[87]).replace(/\0+$/u, "");
+  const rgbBitCount = readU32LE(bytes, pfOffset + 12);
+  const rBitMask = readU32LE(bytes, pfOffset + 16);
+  const gBitMask = readU32LE(bytes, pfOffset + 20);
+  const bBitMask = readU32LE(bytes, pfOffset + 24);
+  const aBitMask = readU32LE(bytes, pfOffset + 28);
+  const caps2 = readU32LE(bytes, 112);
+  const isCube = !!(caps2 & DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP);
+  const isVolume = !!(caps2 & DDSCAPS2_VOLUME);
+  const cubeFaces = getDdsCubeFaces(caps2);
+  const hasDx10 = fourCc === "DX10" && bytes.byteLength >= 148;
+  const dxgiFormat = hasDx10 ? readU32LE(bytes, 128) : 0;
+  const resourceDimension = hasDx10 ? readU32LE(bytes, 132) : 0;
+  const arraySize = hasDx10 ? readU32LE(bytes, 140) : 1;
+  const dataOffset = hasDx10 ? 148 : 128;
+  const pixelFormat = getDdsPixelFormat({
+    pfFlags,
+    fourCc,
+    fourCcCode,
+    rgbBitCount,
+    rBitMask,
+    gBitMask,
+    bBitMask,
+    aBitMask,
+    dxgiFormat
+  });
+  const width = readU32LE(bytes, 16);
+  const height = readU32LE(bytes, 12);
+  const depth = readU32LE(bytes, 24);
+  const mipCount = Math.max(readU32LE(bytes, 28), 1);
+  const dataBytes = Math.max(bytes.byteLength - dataOffset, 0);
+  const expectedDataBytes = pixelFormat ? getDdsExpectedDataBytes({
+    pixelFormat,
+    width,
+    height,
+    depth,
+    mipCount,
+    arraySize,
+    isCube,
+    isVolume
+  }) : null;
+  return {
+    sourceFormat: "dds",
+    headerSize,
+    width,
+    height,
+    depth,
+    mipCount,
+    pitchOrLinearSize: readU32LE(bytes, 20),
+    pfFlags,
+    fourCc,
+    fourCcCode,
+    rgbBitCount,
+    rBitMask,
+    gBitMask,
+    bBitMask,
+    aBitMask,
+    caps2,
+    hasDx10,
+    dxgiFormat,
+    resourceDimension,
+    arraySize,
+    dataOffset,
+    dataBytes,
+    expectedDataBytes,
+    isDataComplete: expectedDataBytes !== null && dataBytes >= expectedDataBytes,
+    missingDataBytes: expectedDataBytes === null ? null : Math.max(expectedDataBytes - dataBytes, 0),
+    extraDataBytes: expectedDataBytes === null ? null : Math.max(dataBytes - expectedDataBytes, 0),
+    faces: isCube ? 6 : 1,
+    cubeFaces,
+    isCubeComplete: isCube && cubeFaces.length === 6,
+    isCube,
+    isVolume,
+    dimension: isVolume ? "3d" : isCube ? "cube" : "2d",
+    pixelFormat,
+    textureFormat: pixelFormat || fourCc || "dds-legacy",
+    isCompressed: COMPRESSED_PIXEL_FORMATS.has(pixelFormat),
+    nativeTextureOnly: COMPRESSED_PIXEL_FORMATS.has(pixelFormat) && !canDecodeDdsToRgba({
+      pixelFormat
+    }),
+    hasAlpha: !!(pfFlags & DDS_ALPHAPIXELS) || /rgba|bgra/u.test(pixelFormat),
+    hasMipMaps: readU32LE(bytes, 28) > 1
+  };
+}
+function readDdsTexture(bytes, metadata) {
+  if (!metadata.pixelFormat) {
+    const error = new Error("dds: texture format is not recognized yet");
+    error.code = "CJS_FORMAT_OUTPUT_NOT_SUPPORTED";
+    error.sourceFormat = metadata.sourceFormat;
+    throw error;
+  }
+  const subresources = buildDdsSubresources(bytes, metadata);
+  return {
+    payloadType: OUTPUT_TEXTURE,
+    sourceFormat: "dds",
+    width: metadata.width,
+    height: metadata.height,
+    depth: metadata.depth,
+    faces: metadata.faces,
+    cubeFaces: metadata.cubeFaces,
+    isCubeComplete: metadata.isCubeComplete,
+    dimension: metadata.dimension,
+    mipCount: metadata.mipCount,
+    arraySize: metadata.arraySize,
+    pixelFormat: metadata.pixelFormat,
+    isCompressed: metadata.isCompressed,
+    dataBytes: metadata.dataBytes,
+    expectedDataBytes: metadata.expectedDataBytes,
+    isDataComplete: metadata.isDataComplete,
+    missingDataBytes: metadata.missingDataBytes,
+    extraDataBytes: metadata.extraDataBytes,
+    subresources,
+    metadata,
+    data: bytes.subarray(metadata.dataOffset, metadata.dataOffset + subresources.reduce((sum, entry) => sum + entry.byteLength, 0))
+  };
+}
+function canDecodeDdsToRgba(metadata) {
+  return ["rgba32float", "rgb32float", "rgba16float", "rg32float", "r32float", "r16float", "rgba8unorm", "rgba8unorm-srgb", "bgra8unorm", "bgra8unorm-srgb", "bgrx8unorm", "bgrx8unorm-srgb", "rgbx8unorm", "bgr8unorm", "l8unorm", "l8a8unorm", "a8unorm", "rg8unorm", "r8unorm", "bc1-rgba-unorm", "bc1-rgba-unorm-srgb", "bc2-rgba-unorm", "bc2-rgba-unorm-srgb", "bc3-rgba-unorm", "bc3-rgba-unorm-srgb", "bc4-r-unorm", "bc4-r-snorm", "bc5-rg-unorm", "bc5-rg-snorm", "bc6h-rgb-ufloat", "bc6h-rgb-float", "bc7-rgba-unorm", "bc7-rgba-unorm-srgb"].includes(metadata.pixelFormat);
+}
+function readDdsToRgba(bytes, metadata) {
+  if (!canDecodeDdsToRgba(metadata)) {
+    const error = new Error(`dds: RGBA decode is not implemented for ${metadata.pixelFormat || "unknown"}`);
+    error.code = "CJS_FORMAT_OUTPUT_NOT_SUPPORTED";
+    error.sourceFormat = metadata.sourceFormat;
+    throw error;
+  }
+  const subresource = buildDdsSubresources(bytes, metadata)[0];
+  const source = bytes.subarray(metadata.dataOffset + subresource.offset, metadata.dataOffset + subresource.offset + subresource.byteLength);
+  const rgba = metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("bc1-") ? decodeBc1(source, metadata.width, metadata.height, subresource.rowPitch) : metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("bc2-") ? decodeBc2(source, metadata.width, metadata.height, subresource.rowPitch) : metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("bc3-") ? decodeBc3(source, metadata.width, metadata.height, subresource.rowPitch) : metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("bc4-") ? decodeBc4(source, metadata.width, metadata.height, subresource.rowPitch, metadata.pixelFormat.endsWith("-snorm")) : metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("bc5-") ? decodeBc5(source, metadata.width, metadata.height, subresource.rowPitch, metadata.pixelFormat.endsWith("-snorm")) : metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("bc6h-") ? decodeBc6h(source, metadata.width, metadata.height, subresource.rowPitch, metadata.pixelFormat === "bc6h-rgb-float") : metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("bc7-") ? decodeBc7(source, metadata.width, metadata.height, subresource.rowPitch) : isFloatPixelFormat(metadata.pixelFormat) ? decodeFloatUncompressed(source, metadata) : decodeUncompressed(source, metadata);
+  const isFloat = isFloatPixelFormat(metadata.pixelFormat);
+  return {
+    payloadType: OUTPUT_RGBA,
+    sourceFormat: "dds",
+    width: metadata.width,
+    height: metadata.height,
+    pixelFormat: isFloat ? "rgba32float" : "rgba8unorm",
+    strideBytes: metadata.width * (isFloat ? 16 : 4),
+    origin: "top-left",
+    colorSpace: isFloat ? "linear" : metadata.pixelFormat.endsWith("-srgb") ? "srgb" : "unknown",
+    alphaMode: metadata.hasAlpha ? "straight" : "opaque",
+    metadata,
+    data: rgba
+  };
+}
+function buildDdsSubresources(bytes, metadata) {
+  const subresources = [];
+  let offset = 0;
+  const layers = Math.max(metadata.arraySize, 1) * (metadata.isCube ? 6 : 1);
+  for (let layer = 0; layer < layers; layer++) {
+    const arrayIndex = metadata.isCube ? Math.floor(layer / 6) : layer;
+    const face = metadata.isCube ? layer % 6 : 0;
+    for (let mip = 0; mip < metadata.mipCount; mip++) {
+      const width = Math.max(metadata.width >> mip, 1);
+      const height = Math.max(metadata.height >> mip, 1);
+      const depth = metadata.isVolume ? Math.max(metadata.depth >> mip, 1) : 1;
+      const layout = getDdsLevelLayout(metadata.pixelFormat, width, height, depth);
+      if (offset + layout.byteLength > bytes.byteLength - metadata.dataOffset) {
+        const error = new Error("dds: texture data is truncated");
+        error.code = "CJS_FORMAT_TRUNCATED";
+        error.sourceFormat = metadata.sourceFormat;
+        error.expectedDataBytes = metadata.expectedDataBytes;
+        error.dataBytes = metadata.dataBytes;
+        error.missingDataBytes = metadata.missingDataBytes;
+        throw error;
+      }
+      subresources.push({
+        mip,
+        layer,
+        arrayIndex,
+        face,
+        offset,
+        byteLength: layout.byteLength,
+        rowPitch: layout.rowPitch,
+        slicePitch: layout.slicePitch,
+        width,
+        height,
+        depth
+      });
+      offset += layout.byteLength;
+    }
+  }
+  return subresources;
+}
+function getDdsExpectedDataBytes(metadata) {
+  let total = 0;
+  const layers = Math.max(metadata.arraySize, 1) * (metadata.isCube ? 6 : 1);
+  for (let layer = 0; layer < layers; layer++) {
+    for (let mip = 0; mip < metadata.mipCount; mip++) {
+      const width = Math.max(metadata.width >> mip, 1);
+      const height = Math.max(metadata.height >> mip, 1);
+      const depth = metadata.isVolume ? Math.max(metadata.depth >> mip, 1) : 1;
+      total += getDdsLevelLayout(metadata.pixelFormat, width, height, depth).byteLength;
+    }
+  }
+  return total;
+}
+function getDdsCubeFaces(caps2) {
+  if (!(caps2 & DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP)) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  return DDS_CUBE_FACE_FLAGS.filter(entry => !!(caps2 & entry[1])).map(entry => entry[0]);
+}
+function getDdsLevelLayout(pixelFormat, width, height, depth) {
+  const blockBytes = pixelFormat.startsWith("bc1-") || pixelFormat.startsWith("bc4-") ? 8 : pixelFormat.startsWith("bc") ? 16 : 0;
+  if (blockBytes) {
+    const blocksWide = Math.max(Math.ceil(width / 4), 1);
+    const blocksHigh = Math.max(Math.ceil(height / 4), 1);
+    const rowPitch = blocksWide * blockBytes;
+    const slicePitch = rowPitch * blocksHigh;
+    return {
+      rowPitch,
+      slicePitch,
+      byteLength: slicePitch * depth
+    };
+  }
+  const bytesPerPixel = {
+    "rgba32float": 16,
+    "rgb32float": 12,
+    "rgba16float": 8,
+    "rg32float": 8,
+    "r32float": 4,
+    "r16float": 2,
+    "rgba8unorm": 4,
+    "rgba8unorm-srgb": 4,
+    "bgra8unorm": 4,
+    "bgra8unorm-srgb": 4,
+    "bgrx8unorm": 4,
+    "bgrx8unorm-srgb": 4,
+    "rgbx8unorm": 4,
+    "bgr8unorm": 3,
+    "l8a8unorm": 2,
+    "l8unorm": 1,
+    "a8unorm": 1,
+    "rg8unorm": 2,
+    "r8unorm": 1
+  }[pixelFormat];
+  if (!bytesPerPixel) {
+    const error = new Error(`dds: cannot calculate subresource layout for ${pixelFormat || "unknown"}`);
+    error.code = "CJS_FORMAT_OUTPUT_NOT_SUPPORTED";
+    throw error;
+  }
+  const rowPitch = width * bytesPerPixel;
+  const slicePitch = rowPitch * height;
+  return {
+    rowPitch,
+    slicePitch,
+    byteLength: slicePitch * depth
+  };
+}
+function decodeUncompressed(source, metadata) {
+  const rgba = new Uint8Array(metadata.width * metadata.height * 4);
+  const bytesPerPixel = metadata.pixelFormat === "bgr8unorm" ? 3 : metadata.pixelFormat === "rg8unorm" ? 2 : metadata.pixelFormat === "r8unorm" ? 1 : 4;
+  for (let pixel = 0; pixel < metadata.width * metadata.height; pixel++) {
+    const sourceOffset = pixel * bytesPerPixel;
+    const outputOffset = pixel * 4;
+    if (metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("bgra") || metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("bgrx")) {
+      rgba[outputOffset] = source[sourceOffset + 2];
+      rgba[outputOffset + 1] = source[sourceOffset + 1];
+      rgba[outputOffset + 2] = source[sourceOffset];
+      rgba[outputOffset + 3] = metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("bgrx") ? 255 : source[sourceOffset + 3];
+    } else if (metadata.pixelFormat === "bgr8unorm") {
+      rgba[outputOffset] = source[sourceOffset + 2];
+      rgba[outputOffset + 1] = source[sourceOffset + 1];
+      rgba[outputOffset + 2] = source[sourceOffset];
+      rgba[outputOffset + 3] = 255;
+    } else if (metadata.pixelFormat.startsWith("rgbx")) {
+      // Fourth byte is padding, not alpha.
+      rgba[outputOffset] = source[sourceOffset];
+      rgba[outputOffset + 1] = source[sourceOffset + 1];
+      rgba[outputOffset + 2] = source[sourceOffset + 2];
+      rgba[outputOffset + 3] = 255;
+    } else if (metadata.pixelFormat === "l8unorm" || metadata.pixelFormat === "l8a8unorm") {
+      // Luminance replicates its one channel across RGB.
+      const luminance = source[sourceOffset];
+      rgba[outputOffset] = luminance;
+      rgba[outputOffset + 1] = luminance;
+      rgba[outputOffset + 2] = luminance;
+      rgba[outputOffset + 3] = metadata.pixelFormat === "l8a8unorm" ? source[sourceOffset + 1] : 255;
+    } else if (metadata.pixelFormat === "a8unorm") {
+      rgba[outputOffset] = 0;
+      rgba[outputOffset + 1] = 0;
+      rgba[outputOffset + 2] = 0;
+      rgba[outputOffset + 3] = source[sourceOffset];
+    } else if (metadata.pixelFormat === "rg8unorm") {
+      rgba[outputOffset] = source[sourceOffset];
+      rgba[outputOffset + 1] = source[sourceOffset + 1];
+      rgba[outputOffset + 2] = 0;
+      rgba[outputOffset + 3] = 255;
+    } else {
+      rgba[outputOffset] = source[sourceOffset];
+      rgba[outputOffset + 1] = bytesPerPixel > 1 ? source[sourceOffset + 1] : source[sourceOffset];
+      rgba[outputOffset + 2] = bytesPerPixel > 2 ? source[sourceOffset + 2] : source[sourceOffset];
+      rgba[outputOffset + 3] = bytesPerPixel > 3 ? source[sourceOffset + 3] : 255;
+    }
+  }
+  return rgba;
+}
+function decodeFloatUncompressed(source, metadata) {
+  const rgba = new Float32Array(metadata.width * metadata.height * 4);
+  const view = new DataView(source.buffer, source.byteOffset, source.byteLength);
+  const bytesPerPixel = {
+    "rgba32float": 16,
+    "rgb32float": 12,
+    "rgba16float": 8,
+    "rg32float": 8,
+    "r32float": 4,
+    "r16float": 2
+  }[metadata.pixelFormat];
+  for (let pixel = 0; pixel < metadata.width * metadata.height; pixel++) {
+    const sourceOffset = pixel * bytesPerPixel;
+    const outputOffset = pixel * 4;
+    let red, green, blue, alpha;
+    if (metadata.pixelFormat === "rgba32float") {
+      red = view.getFloat32(sourceOffset, true);
+      green = view.getFloat32(sourceOffset + 4, true);
+      blue = view.getFloat32(sourceOffset + 8, true);
+      alpha = view.getFloat32(sourceOffset + 12, true);
+    } else if (metadata.pixelFormat === "rgb32float") {
+      red = view.getFloat32(sourceOffset, true);
+      green = view.getFloat32(sourceOffset + 4, true);
+      blue = view.getFloat32(sourceOffset + 8, true);
+      alpha = 1;
+    } else if (metadata.pixelFormat === "rgba16float") {
+      red = halfToFloat(view.getUint16(sourceOffset, true));
+      green = halfToFloat(view.getUint16(sourceOffset + 2, true));
+      blue = halfToFloat(view.getUint16(sourceOffset + 4, true));
+      alpha = halfToFloat(view.getUint16(sourceOffset + 6, true));
+    } else if (metadata.pixelFormat === "rg32float") {
+      red = view.getFloat32(sourceOffset, true);
+      green = view.getFloat32(sourceOffset + 4, true);
+      blue = 0;
+      alpha = 1;
+    } else {
+      red = metadata.pixelFormat === "r16float" ? halfToFloat(view.getUint16(sourceOffset, true)) : view.getFloat32(sourceOffset, true);
+      green = red;
+      blue = red;
+      alpha = 1;
+    }
+    rgba[outputOffset] = red;
+    rgba[outputOffset + 1] = green;
+    rgba[outputOffset + 2] = blue;
+    rgba[outputOffset + 3] = alpha;
+  }
+  return rgba;
+}
+function isFloatPixelFormat(pixelFormat) {
+  return typeof pixelFormat === "string" && (pixelFormat.startsWith("bc6h-") || ["rgba32float", "rgb32float", "rgba16float", "rg32float", "r32float", "r16float"].includes(pixelFormat));
+}
+function halfToFloat(value) {
+  const sign = value & 0x8000 ? -1 : 1;
+  const exponent = value >>> 10 & 0x1f;
+  const mantissa = value & 0x03ff;
+  if (exponent === 0) {
+    return sign * Math.pow(2, -14) * (mantissa / 1024);
+  }
+  if (exponent === 0x1f) {
+    return mantissa === 0 ? sign * Infinity : NaN;
+  }
+  return sign * Math.pow(2, exponent - 15) * (1 + mantissa / 1024);
+}
+function decodeBc1(source, width, height, rowPitch) {
+  const rgba = new Uint8Array(width * height * 4);
+  for (let blockY = 0; blockY < Math.ceil(height / 4); blockY++) {
+    for (let blockX = 0; blockX < Math.ceil(width / 4); blockX++) {
+      const blockOffset = blockY * rowPitch + blockX * 8;
+      const c0 = source[blockOffset] | source[blockOffset + 1] << 8;
+      const c1 = source[blockOffset + 2] | source[blockOffset + 3] << 8;
+      const colors = decodeBc1Colors(c0, c1);
+      const indices = source[blockOffset + 4] | source[blockOffset + 5] << 8 | source[blockOffset + 6] << 16 | source[blockOffset + 7] << 24;
+      for (let y = 0; y < 4; y++) {
+        for (let x = 0; x < 4; x++) {
+          const outputX = blockX * 4 + x;
+          const outputY = blockY * 4 + y;
+          if (outputX >= width || outputY >= height) continue;
+          const color = colors[indices >>> 2 * (y * 4 + x) & 3];
+          rgba.set(color, (outputY * width + outputX) * 4);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return rgba;
+}
+function decodeBc2(source, width, height, rowPitch) {
+  return decodeBcAlphaColor(source, width, height, rowPitch, (blockOffset, x, y) => {
+    const alphaNibble = source[blockOffset + y * 2 + Math.floor(x / 2)] >>> x % 2 * 4 & 0x0f;
+    return alphaNibble * 17;
+  }, 8);
+}
+function decodeBc3(source, width, height, rowPitch) {
+  return decodeBcAlphaColor(source, width, height, rowPitch, (blockOffset, x, y) => {
+    const alpha0 = source[blockOffset],
+      alpha1 = source[blockOffset + 1];
+    const alphaValues = alpha0 > alpha1 ? [alpha0, alpha1, Math.round((6 * alpha0 + alpha1) / 7), Math.round((5 * alpha0 + 2 * alpha1) / 7), Math.round((4 * alpha0 + 3 * alpha1) / 7), Math.round((3 * alpha0 + 4 * alpha1) / 7), Math.round((2 * alpha0 + 5 * alpha1) / 7), Math.round((alpha0 + 6 * alpha1) / 7)] : [alpha0, alpha1, Math.round((4 * alpha0 + alpha1) / 5), Math.round((3 * alpha0 + 2 * alpha1) / 5), Math.round((2 * alpha0 + 3 * alpha1) / 5), Math.round((alpha0 + 4 * alpha1) / 5), 0, 255];
+    let alphaBits = 0n;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) alphaBits |= BigInt(source[blockOffset + 2 + i]) << BigInt(i * 8);
+    return alphaValues[Number(alphaBits >> BigInt((y * 4 + x) * 3) & 7n)];
+  }, 8);
+}
+function decodeBc4(source, width, height, rowPitch, signed) {
+  const rgba = new Uint8Array(width * height * 4);
+  forEachBcPixel(width, height, rowPitch, 8, (blockOffset, x, y, outputOffset) => {
+    const value = decodeBc4Value(source, blockOffset, x, y, signed);
+    rgba[outputOffset] = value;
+    rgba[outputOffset + 1] = value;
+    rgba[outputOffset + 2] = value;
+    rgba[outputOffset + 3] = 255;
+  });
+  return rgba;
+}
+function decodeBc5(source, width, height, rowPitch, signed) {
+  const rgba = new Uint8Array(width * height * 4);
+  forEachBcPixel(width, height, rowPitch, 16, (blockOffset, x, y, outputOffset) => {
+    rgba[outputOffset] = decodeBc4Value(source, blockOffset, x, y, signed);
+    rgba[outputOffset + 1] = decodeBc4Value(source, blockOffset + 8, x, y, signed);
+    rgba[outputOffset + 2] = 0;
+    rgba[outputOffset + 3] = 255;
+  });
+  return rgba;
+}
+function decodeBc4Value(source, blockOffset, x, y, signed) {
+  const endpoint0 = signed ? decodeSnormByte(source[blockOffset]) : source[blockOffset];
+  const endpoint1 = signed ? decodeSnormByte(source[blockOffset + 1]) : source[blockOffset + 1];
+  const values = endpoint0 > endpoint1 ? [endpoint0, endpoint1, (6 * endpoint0 + endpoint1) / 7, (5 * endpoint0 + 2 * endpoint1) / 7, (4 * endpoint0 + 3 * endpoint1) / 7, (3 * endpoint0 + 4 * endpoint1) / 7, (2 * endpoint0 + 5 * endpoint1) / 7, (endpoint0 + 6 * endpoint1) / 7] : [endpoint0, endpoint1, (4 * endpoint0 + endpoint1) / 5, (3 * endpoint0 + 2 * endpoint1) / 5, (2 * endpoint0 + 3 * endpoint1) / 5, (endpoint0 + 4 * endpoint1) / 5, signed ? -1 : 0, signed ? 1 : 255];
+  let bits = 0n;
+  for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) bits |= BigInt(source[blockOffset + 2 + i]) << BigInt(i * 8);
+  const value = values[Number(bits >> BigInt((y * 4 + x) * 3) & 7n)];
+  return signed ? Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round((value + 1) * 127.5))) : Math.round(value);
+}
+function decodeSnormByte(value) {
+  const signed = value > 127 ? value - 256 : value;
+  return Math.max(-1, signed / 127);
+}
+function forEachBcPixel(width, height, rowPitch, blockBytes, callback) {
+  for (let blockY = 0; blockY < Math.ceil(height / 4); blockY++) {
+    for (let blockX = 0; blockX < Math.ceil(width / 4); blockX++) {
+      const blockOffset = blockY * rowPitch + blockX * blockBytes;
+      for (let y = 0; y < 4; y++) {
+        for (let x = 0; x < 4; x++) {
+          const outputX = blockX * 4 + x;
+          const outputY = blockY * 4 + y;
+          if (outputX < width && outputY < height) {
+            callback(blockOffset, x, y, (outputY * width + outputX) * 4);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+function decodeBcAlphaColor(source, width, height, rowPitch, alphaAt, colorOffset = 0) {
+  const rgba = new Uint8Array(width * height * 4);
+  for (let blockY = 0; blockY < Math.ceil(height / 4); blockY++) {
+    for (let blockX = 0; blockX < Math.ceil(width / 4); blockX++) {
+      const blockOffset = blockY * rowPitch + blockX * 16;
+      const colorOffsetInBlock = blockOffset + colorOffset;
+      const c0 = source[colorOffsetInBlock] | source[colorOffsetInBlock + 1] << 8;
+      const c1 = source[colorOffsetInBlock + 2] | source[colorOffsetInBlock + 3] << 8;
+      const colors = decodeBc1Colors(c0, c1, true);
+      const indices = source[colorOffsetInBlock + 4] | source[colorOffsetInBlock + 5] << 8 | source[colorOffsetInBlock + 6] << 16 | source[colorOffsetInBlock + 7] << 24;
+      for (let y = 0; y < 4; y++) {
+        for (let x = 0; x < 4; x++) {
+          const outputX = blockX * 4 + x;
+          const outputY = blockY * 4 + y;
+          if (outputX >= width || outputY >= height) continue;
+          const color = colors[indices >>> 2 * (y * 4 + x) & 3];
+          const outputOffset = (outputY * width + outputX) * 4;
+          rgba[outputOffset] = color[0];
+          rgba[outputOffset + 1] = color[1];
+          rgba[outputOffset + 2] = color[2];
+          rgba[outputOffset + 3] = alphaAt(blockOffset, x, y);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return rgba;
+}
+function decodeBc1Colors(c0, c1, forceFourColor = false) {
+  const first = decode565(c0);
+  const second = decode565(c1);
+  const colors = [first, second];
+  if (c0 > c1 || forceFourColor) {
+    colors.push([Math.round((2 * first[0] + second[0]) / 3), Math.round((2 * first[1] + second[1]) / 3), Math.round((2 * first[2] + second[2]) / 3), 255], [Math.round((first[0] + 2 * second[0]) / 3), Math.round((first[1] + 2 * second[1]) / 3), Math.round((first[2] + 2 * second[2]) / 3), 255]);
+  } else {
+    colors.push([Math.round((first[0] + second[0]) / 2), Math.round((first[1] + second[1]) / 2), Math.round((first[2] + second[2]) / 2), 255], [0, 0, 0, 0]);
+  }
+  return colors;
+}
+function decode565(value) {
+  return [Math.round((value >>> 11 & 0x1f) * 255 / 31), Math.round((value >>> 5 & 0x3f) * 255 / 63), Math.round((value & 0x1f) * 255 / 31), 255];
+}
+function getDdsPixelFormat(format) {
+  if (format.dxgiFormat) return DXGI_PIXEL_FORMATS[format.dxgiFormat] || "";
+  if (format.pfFlags & DDS_FOURCC && format.fourCc) {
+    return FOURCC_PIXEL_FORMATS[format.fourCc] || {
+      113: "rgba16float",
+      116: "rgba32float"
+    }[format.fourCcCode] || "";
+  }
+  if (format.pfFlags & DDS_RGB) {
+    if (format.rgbBitCount === 32 && format.rBitMask === 0x000000ff && format.gBitMask === 0x0000ff00 && format.bBitMask === 0x00ff0000 && format.aBitMask === 0xff000000) return "rgba8unorm";
+    if (format.rgbBitCount === 32 && format.rBitMask === 0x00ff0000 && format.gBitMask === 0x0000ff00 && format.bBitMask === 0x000000ff && format.aBitMask === 0xff000000) return "bgra8unorm";
+    // D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8 / D3DFMT_X8B8G8R8: 32bpp with no alpha channel.
+    // DDPF_ALPHAPIXELS is clear and the alpha mask is zero, so the fourth
+    // byte is padding and reads as opaque.
+    if (format.rgbBitCount === 32 && format.rBitMask === 0x00ff0000 && format.gBitMask === 0x0000ff00 && format.bBitMask === 0x000000ff && !format.aBitMask) return "bgrx8unorm";
+    if (format.rgbBitCount === 32 && format.rBitMask === 0x000000ff && format.gBitMask === 0x0000ff00 && format.bBitMask === 0x00ff0000 && !format.aBitMask) return "rgbx8unorm";
+    if (format.rgbBitCount === 24 && format.rBitMask === 0x00ff0000 && format.gBitMask === 0x0000ff00 && format.bBitMask === 0x000000ff) return "bgr8unorm";
+  }
+  // Single-channel masks are authored both ways: some declare DDPF_LUMINANCE,
+  // others DDPF_RGB with only a red mask. Both mean one channel replicated
+  // across RGB, which is not the same as r8unorm (that samples as red only).
+  if (format.pfFlags & DDS_RGB && format.rgbBitCount === 8 && format.rBitMask === 0x000000ff && !format.gBitMask && !format.bBitMask && !format.aBitMask) return "l8unorm";
+  if (format.pfFlags & DDS_LUMINANCE) {
+    if (format.rgbBitCount === 8 && !(format.pfFlags & DDS_ALPHAPIXELS)) return "l8unorm";
+    if (format.rgbBitCount === 16 && format.pfFlags & DDS_ALPHAPIXELS) return "l8a8unorm";
+  }
+  // D3DFMT_A8: alpha only.
+  if (format.pfFlags & DDS_ALPHA && format.rgbBitCount === 8) return "a8unorm";
+  return "";
+}
+function inspectTGA(bytes) {
+  return {
+    sourceFormat: "tga",
+    width: readU16LE(bytes, 12),
+    height: readU16LE(bytes, 14),
+    channels: Math.max(bytes[16] / 8, 1),
+    imageType: bytes[2],
+    pixelFormat: `tga-${bytes[16]}`,
+    isCompressed: [9, 10, 11].includes(bytes[2])
+  };
+}
+function pngChannels(colorType) {
+  if (colorType === 0) return 1;
+  if (colorType === 2) return 3;
+  if (colorType === 3) return 1;
+  if (colorType === 4) return 2;
+  if (colorType === 6) return 4;
+  return 0;
+}
+function readU16BE(bytes, offset) {
+  return bytes[offset] << 8 | bytes[offset + 1];
+}
+function readU16LE(bytes, offset) {
+  return bytes[offset] | bytes[offset + 1] << 8;
+}
+function readU32BE(bytes, offset) {
+  return bytes[offset] * 0x1000000 + (bytes[offset + 1] << 16 | bytes[offset + 2] << 8 | bytes[offset + 3]) >>> 0;
+}
+function readU32LE(bytes, offset) {
+  return (bytes[offset] | bytes[offset + 1] << 8 | bytes[offset + 2] << 16 | bytes[offset + 3] * 0x1000000) >>> 0;
+}
+function capitalize(value) {
+  return value ? value[0].toUpperCase() + value.slice(1) : "Image";
+}
+
+export { DEFAULT_VALUES, OUTPUT_IMAGE, OUTPUT_JSON, OUTPUT_RAW, OUTPUT_RGBA, OUTPUT_TEXTURE, inspectBytes, inspectWithValues, isDDS, isJPEG, isPNG, isSupportedWithValues, isTGA, normalizeEmit, normalizeInputType, normalizeValues, readWithValues, toBytes, toJsonValue };
+//# sourceMappingURL=helpers.js.map