trackler 2.2.0.2 → 2.2.0.3

data/tracks/csharp/exercises/crypto-square/README.md

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+# Crypto Square
+
+Implement the classic method for composing secret messages called a square code.
+
+Given an English text, output the encoded version of that text.
+
+First, the input is normalized: the spaces and punctuation are removed
+from the English text and the message is downcased.
+
+Then, the normalized characters are broken into rows.  These rows can be
+regarded as forming a rectangle when printed with intervening newlines.
+
+For example, the sentence
+
+> If man was meant to stay on the ground, god would have given us roots.
+
+is normalized to:
+
+> ifmanwasmeanttostayonthegroundgodwouldhavegivenusroots
+
+The plaintext should be organized in to a rectangle.  The size of the
+rectangle (`r x c`) should be decided by the length of the message,
+such that `c >= r` and `c - r <= 1`, where `c` is the number of columns
+and `r` is the number of rows.
+
+Our normalized text is 54 characters long, dictating a rectangle with
+`c = 8` and `r = 7`:
+
+```plain
+ifmanwas
+meanttos
+tayonthe
+groundgo
+dwouldha
+vegivenu
+sroots
+```
+
+The coded message is obtained by reading down the columns going left to
+right.
+
+The message above is coded as:
+
+```plain
+imtgdvsfearwermayoogoanouuiontnnlvtwttddesaohghnsseoau
+```
+
+Output the encoded text in chunks.  Phrases that fill perfect squares
+`(r X r)` should be output in `r`-length chunks separated by spaces.
+Imperfect squares will have `n` empty spaces.  Those spaces should be distributed evenly across the last `n` rows.
+
+```plain
+imtgdvs fearwer mayoogo anouuio ntnnlvt wttddes aohghn sseoau
+```
+
+Notice that were we to stack these, we could visually decode the
+cyphertext back in to the original message:
+
+```plain
+imtgdvs
+fearwer
+mayoogo
+anouuio
+ntnnlvt
+wttddes
+aohghn
+sseoau
+```
+
+### Submitting Exercises
+
+Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure you're exercise file you're submitting is in the `exercism/csharp/<exerciseName>` directory.
+
+For example, if you're submitting `bob.cs` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/csharp/bob/bob.cs`.
+## Source
+
+J Dalbey's Programming Practice problems [http://users.csc.calpoly.edu/~jdalbey/103/Projects/ProgrammingPractice.html](http://users.csc.calpoly.edu/~jdalbey/103/Projects/ProgrammingPractice.html)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/csharp/exercises/custom-set/README.md

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+# Custom Set
+
+Create a custom set type.
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to define a custom data structure of some
+type, like a set. In this exercise you will define your own set. How it
+works internally doesn't matter, as long as it behaves like a set of
+unique elements.
+
+## Hints
+This exercise requires you to implements a type-specific method for determining equality of instances.
+For more information, see [this page]
+(https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/api/System.IEquatable-1) .
+
+
+### Submitting Exercises
+
+Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure you're exercise file you're submitting is in the `exercism/csharp/<exerciseName>` directory.
+
+For example, if you're submitting `bob.cs` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/csharp/bob/bob.cs`.
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/csharp/exercises/diamond/README.md

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+# Diamond
+
+The diamond kata takes as its input a letter, and outputs it in a diamond 
+shape. Given a letter, it prints a diamond starting with 'A', with the 
+supplied letter at the widest point.
+
+## Requirements
+
+* The first row contains one 'A'.
+* The last row contains one 'A'.
+* All rows, except the first and last, have exactly two identical letters.
+* All rows have as many trailing spaces as leading spaces. (This might be 0).
+* The diamond is horizontally symmetric.
+* The diamond is vertically symmetric.
+* The diamond has a square shape (width equals height).
+* The letters form a diamond shape.
+* The top half has the letters in ascending order.
+* The bottom half has the letters in descending order. 
+* The four corners (containing the spaces) are triangles.
+
+## Examples
+
+In the following examples, spaces are indicated by `·` characters.
+
+Diamond for letter 'A':
+
+```plain
+A
+```
+
+Diamond for letter 'C':
+
+```plain
+··A··
+·B·B·
+C···C
+·B·B·
+··A··
+```
+
+Diamond for letter 'E':
+
+```plain
+····A····
+···B·B···
+··C···C··
+·D·····D·
+E·······E
+·D·····D·
+··C···C··
+···B·B···
+····A····
+```
+
+## Hints
+The tests in this exercise are different from your usual tests. Normally, a test checks if for a given input, the output matches the expected value. This is called *value-based testing*. However, this exercise uses *property-based testing*, where the tests check if for a range of inputs, the output has a specific property. The two key differences that differentiate property-based testing from value-based testing are:
+
+1. A property-based test works not with a single input value, but with many.
+1. A property-based test verifies properties, not concrete values.
+
+For this exercise, the tests all verify a property of the diamond shape your code should be producing. Furthermore, all tests check if the property they test holds for all valid input letters ('A' to 'Z').
+
+For more information on property-based testing, see [this article](http://www.erikschierboom.com/2016/02/22/property-based-testing/).
+
+### Submitting Exercises
+
+Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure you're exercise file you're submitting is in the `exercism/csharp/<exerciseName>` directory.
+
+For example, if you're submitting `bob.cs` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/csharp/bob/bob.cs`.
+## Source
+
+Seb Rose [http://claysnow.co.uk/recycling-tests-in-tdd/](http://claysnow.co.uk/recycling-tests-in-tdd/)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/csharp/exercises/difference-of-squares/README.md

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+# Difference Of Squares
+
+Find the difference between the square of the sum and the sum of the squares of the first N natural numbers.
+
+The square of the sum of the first ten natural numbers is
+(1 + 2 + ... + 10)² = 55² = 3025.
+
+The sum of the squares of the first ten natural numbers is
+1² + 2² + ... + 10² = 385.
+
+Hence the difference between the square of the sum of the first
+ten natural numbers and the sum of the squares of the first ten
+natural numbers is 3025 - 385 = 2640.
+
+## Hints
+This exercise requires you to process a collection of data. You can simplify your code by using LINQ (Language Integrated Query).
+For more information, see [this page]
+(https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/articles/standard/using-linq).
+
+### Submitting Exercises
+
+Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure you're exercise file you're submitting is in the `exercism/csharp/<exerciseName>` directory.
+
+For example, if you're submitting `bob.cs` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/csharp/bob/bob.cs`.
+## Source
+
+Problem 6 at Project Euler [http://projecteuler.net/problem=6](http://projecteuler.net/problem=6)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/csharp/exercises/diffie-hellman/README.md

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+# Diffie Hellman
+
+Diffie-Hellman key exchange.
+
+Alice and Bob use Diffie-Hellman key exchange to share secrets.  They
+start with prime numbers, pick private keys, generate and share public
+keys, and then generate a shared secret key.
+
+## Step 0
+
+The test program supplies prime numbers p and g.
+
+## Step 1
+
+Alice picks a private key, a, greater than 1 and less than p.  Bob does
+the same to pick a private key b.
+
+## Step 2
+
+Alice calculates a public key A.
+
+    A = g**a mod p
+
+Using the same p and g, Bob similarly calculates a public key B from his
+private key b.
+
+## Step 3
+
+Alice and Bob exchange public keys.  Alice calculates secret key s.
+
+    s = B**a mod p
+
+Bob calculates
+
+    s = A**b mod p
+
+The calculations produce the same result!  Alice and Bob now share
+secret s.
+
+## Hints
+This exercise requires you to perform calculations on large numbers. To correctly represent large numbers, the
+[BigInteger](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.numerics.biginteger(v=vs.110).aspx) struct is used.
+
+
+### Submitting Exercises
+
+Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure you're exercise file you're submitting is in the `exercism/csharp/<exerciseName>` directory.
+
+For example, if you're submitting `bob.cs` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/csharp/bob/bob.cs`.
+## Source
+
+Wikipedia, 1024 bit key from www.cryptopp.com/wiki. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffie%E2%80%93Hellman_key_exchange](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffie%E2%80%93Hellman_key_exchange)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/csharp/exercises/dominoes/README.md

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+# Dominoes
+
+Make a chain of dominoes.
+
+Compute a way to order a given set of dominoes in such a way that they form a
+correct domino chain (the dots on one half of a stone match the dots on the
+neighbouring half of an adjacent stone) and that dots on the halfs of the stones
+which don't have a neighbour (the first and last stone) match each other.
+
+For example given the stones `21`, `23` and `13` you should compute something
+like `12 23 31` or `32 21 13` or `13 32 21` etc, where the first and last numbers are the same.
+
+For stones 12, 41 and 23 the resulting chain is not valid: 41 12 23's first and last numbers are not the same. 4 != 3
+
+Some test cases may use duplicate stones in a chain solution, assume that multiple Domino sets are being used.
+
+### Submitting Exercises
+
+Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure you're exercise file you're submitting is in the `exercism/csharp/<exerciseName>` directory.
+
+For example, if you're submitting `bob.cs` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/csharp/bob/bob.cs`.
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/csharp/exercises/dot-dsl/README.md

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+# Dot Dsl
+
+Write a Domain Specific Language similar to the Graphviz dot language.
+
+A [Domain Specific Language
+(DSL)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain-specific_language) is a
+small language optimized for a specific domain.
+
+For example the dot language of [Graphviz](http://graphviz.org) allows
+you to write a textual description of a graph which is then transformed
+into a picture by one of the graphviz tools (such as `dot`). A simple
+graph looks like this:
+
+    graph {
+        graph [bgcolor="yellow"]
+        a [color="red"]
+        b [color="blue"]
+        a -- b [color="green"]
+    }
+
+Putting this in a file `example.dot` and running `dot example.dot -T png
+-o example.png` creates an image `example.png` with red and blue circle
+connected by a green line on a yellow background.
+
+Create a DSL similar to the dot language.
+
+## Hints
+This exercise requires you to implement classes with a custom equality check. For more information, see [this page](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bsc2ak47(v=vs.110).aspx).
+
+### Submitting Exercises
+
+Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure you're exercise file you're submitting is in the `exercism/csharp/<exerciseName>` directory.
+
+For example, if you're submitting `bob.cs` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/csharp/bob/bob.cs`.
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/csharp/exercises/error-handling/README.md

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+# Error Handling
+
+Implement various kinds of error handling and resource management.
+
+An important point of programming is how to handle errors and close
+resources even if errors occur.
+
+This exercise requires you to handle various errors. Because error handling
+is rather programming language specific you'll have to refer to the tests
+for your track to see what's exactly required.
+
+### Submitting Exercises
+
+Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure you're exercise file you're submitting is in the `exercism/csharp/<exerciseName>` directory.
+
+For example, if you're submitting `bob.cs` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/csharp/bob/bob.cs`.
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/csharp/exercises/etl/README.md

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+# Etl
+
+We are going to do the `Transform` step of an Extract-Transform-Load.
+
+### ETL
+Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) is a fancy way of saying, "We have some crufty, legacy data over in this system, and now we need it in this shiny new system over here, so
+we're going to migrate this."
+
+(Typically, this is followed by, "We're only going to need to run this
+once." That's then typically followed by much forehead slapping and
+moaning about how stupid we could possibly be.)
+
+### The goal
+We're going to extract some scrabble scores from a legacy system.
+
+The old system stored a list of letters per score:
+
+- 1 point: "A", "E", "I", "O", "U", "L", "N", "R", "S", "T",
+- 2 points: "D", "G",
+- 3 points: "B", "C", "M", "P",
+- 4 points: "F", "H", "V", "W", "Y",
+- 5 points: "K",
+- 8 points: "J", "X",
+- 10 points: "Q", "Z",
+
+The shiny new scrabble system instead stores the score per letter, which
+makes it much faster and easier to calculate the score for a word. It
+also stores the letters in lower-case regardless of the case of the
+input letters:
+
+- "a" is worth 1 point.
+- "b" is worth 3 points.
+- "c" is worth 3 points.
+- "d" is worth 2 points.
+- Etc.
+
+Your mission, should you choose to accept it, is to transform the legacy data
+format to the shiny new format.
+
+### Notes
+
+A final note about scoring, Scrabble is played around the world in a
+variety of languages, each with its own unique scoring table. For
+example, an "E" is scored at 2 in the Māori-language version of the
+game while being scored at 4 in the Hawaiian-language version.
+
+### Submitting Exercises
+
+Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure you're exercise file you're submitting is in the `exercism/csharp/<exerciseName>` directory.
+
+For example, if you're submitting `bob.cs` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/csharp/bob/bob.cs`.
+## Source
+
+The Jumpstart Lab team [http://jumpstartlab.com](http://jumpstartlab.com)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/csharp/exercises/flatten-array/README.md

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+# Flatten Array
+
+Take a nested list and return a single flattened list with all values except nil/null.
+
+The challenge is to write a function that accepts an arbitrarily-deep nested list-like structure and returns a flattened structure without any nil/null values.
+ 
+For Example
+
+input: [1,[2,3,null,4],[null],5]
+
+output: [1,2,3,4,5]
+
+
+### Submitting Exercises
+
+Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure you're exercise file you're submitting is in the `exercism/csharp/<exerciseName>` directory.
+
+For example, if you're submitting `bob.cs` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/csharp/bob/bob.cs`.
+## Source
+
+Interview Question [https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Flatten.html](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Flatten.html)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.

data/tracks/csharp/exercises/food-chain/README.md

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+# Food Chain
+
+Generate the lyrics of the song 'I Know an Old Lady Who Swallowed a Fly'.
+
+While you could copy/paste the lyrics,
+or read them from a file, this problem is much more
+interesting if you approach it algorithmically.
+
+This is a [cumulative song](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulative_song) of unknown origin.
+
+This is one of many common variants.
+
+```plain
+I know an old lady who swallowed a fly.
+I don't know why she swallowed the fly. Perhaps she'll die.
+
+I know an old lady who swallowed a spider.
+It wriggled and jiggled and tickled inside her.
+She swallowed the spider to catch the fly.
+I don't know why she swallowed the fly. Perhaps she'll die.
+
+I know an old lady who swallowed a bird.
+How absurd to swallow a bird!
+She swallowed the bird to catch the spider that wriggled and jiggled and tickled inside her.
+She swallowed the spider to catch the fly.
+I don't know why she swallowed the fly. Perhaps she'll die.
+
+I know an old lady who swallowed a cat.
+Imagine that, to swallow a cat!
+She swallowed the cat to catch the bird.
+She swallowed the bird to catch the spider that wriggled and jiggled and tickled inside her.
+She swallowed the spider to catch the fly.
+I don't know why she swallowed the fly. Perhaps she'll die.
+
+I know an old lady who swallowed a dog.
+What a hog, to swallow a dog!
+She swallowed the dog to catch the cat.
+She swallowed the cat to catch the bird.
+She swallowed the bird to catch the spider that wriggled and jiggled and tickled inside her.
+She swallowed the spider to catch the fly.
+I don't know why she swallowed the fly. Perhaps she'll die.
+
+I know an old lady who swallowed a goat.
+Just opened her throat and swallowed a goat!
+She swallowed the goat to catch the dog.
+She swallowed the dog to catch the cat.
+She swallowed the cat to catch the bird.
+She swallowed the bird to catch the spider that wriggled and jiggled and tickled inside her.
+She swallowed the spider to catch the fly.
+I don't know why she swallowed the fly. Perhaps she'll die.
+
+I know an old lady who swallowed a cow.
+I don't know how she swallowed a cow!
+She swallowed the cow to catch the goat.
+She swallowed the goat to catch the dog.
+She swallowed the dog to catch the cat.
+She swallowed the cat to catch the bird.
+She swallowed the bird to catch the spider that wriggled and jiggled and tickled inside her.
+She swallowed the spider to catch the fly.
+I don't know why she swallowed the fly. Perhaps she'll die.
+
+I know an old lady who swallowed a horse.
+She's dead, of course!
+```
+
+## Hints
+- Try to capture the structure of the song in your code, where you build up the song by composing its parts.
+
+
+### Submitting Exercises
+
+Note that, when trying to submit an exercise, make sure you're exercise file you're submitting is in the `exercism/csharp/<exerciseName>` directory.
+
+For example, if you're submitting `bob.cs` for the Bob exercise, the submit command would be something like `exercism submit <path_to_exercism_dir>/csharp/bob/bob.cs`.
+## Source
+
+Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_Was_an_Old_Lady_Who_Swallowed_a_Fly](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_Was_an_Old_Lady_Who_Swallowed_a_Fly)
+
+## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.