tk 0.1.0

data/lib/tk/txtwin_abst.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: false
+#
+# tk/txtwin_abst.rb : TkTextWin abstract class
+#
+require 'tk'
+
+class TkTextWin<TkWindow
+  TkCommandNames = [].freeze
+  #def create_self
+  #  fail RuntimeError, "TkTextWin is an abstract class"
+  #end
+  #private :create_self
+
+  def bbox(index)
+    list(tk_send_without_enc('bbox', index))
+  end
+  def delete(first, last=None)
+    tk_send_without_enc('delete', first, last)
+    self
+  end
+  def get(*index)
+    _fromUTF8(tk_send_without_enc('get', *index))
+  end
+  def insert(index, *args)
+    tk_send('insert', index, *args)
+    self
+  end
+  def scan_mark(x, y)
+    tk_send_without_enc('scan', 'mark', x, y)
+    self
+  end
+  def scan_dragto(x, y)
+    tk_send_without_enc('scan', 'dragto', x, y)
+    self
+  end
+  def see(index)
+    tk_send_without_enc('see', index)
+    self
+  end
+end

data/lib/tk/validation.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: false
+#
+#  tk/validation.rb - validation support module for entry, spinbox, and so on
+#
+require 'tk'
+
+module Tk
+  module ValidateConfigure
+    def self.__def_validcmd(scope, klass, keys=nil)
+      keys = klass._config_keys unless keys
+      keys.each{|key|
+        eval("def #{key}(*args, &b)
+                 __validcmd_call(#{klass.name}, '#{key}', *args, &b)
+              end", scope)
+      }
+    end
+
+    def __validcmd_call(klass, key, *args, &b)
+      return cget(key) if args.empty? && !b
+
+      cmd = (b)? proc(&b) : args.shift
+
+      if cmd.kind_of?(klass)
+        configure(key, cmd)
+      elsif !args.empty?
+        configure(key, [cmd, args])
+      else
+        configure(key, cmd)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def __validation_class_list
+      # maybe need to override
+      []
+    end
+
+    def __get_validate_key2class
+      k2c = {}
+      __validation_class_list.each{|klass|
+        klass._config_keys.each{|key|
+          k2c[key.to_s] = klass
+        }
+      }
+      k2c
+    end
+
+    def __conv_vcmd_on_hash_kv(keys)
+      key2class = __get_validate_key2class
+
+      keys = _symbolkey2str(keys)
+      key2class.each{|key, klass|
+        if keys[key].kind_of?(Array)
+          cmd, *args = keys[key]
+          #keys[key] = klass.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
+          keys[key] = klass.new(cmd, *args)
+        # elsif keys[key].kind_of?(Proc) ||  keys[key].kind_of?(Method)
+        elsif TkComm._callback_entry?(keys[key])
+          keys[key] = klass.new(keys[key])
+        end
+      }
+      keys
+    end
+
+    def create_self(keys)
+      super(__conv_vcmd_on_hash_kv(keys))
+    end
+    private :create_self
+
+    def configure(slot, value=TkComm::None)
+      if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
+        super(__conv_vcmd_on_hash_kv(slot))
+      else
+        super(__conv_vcmd_on_hash_kv(slot=>value))
+      end
+      self
+    end
+=begin
+    def configure(slot, value=TkComm::None)
+      key2class = __get_validate_key2class
+
+      if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
+        slot = _symbolkey2str(slot)
+        key2class.each{|key, klass|
+          if slot[key].kind_of?(Array)
+            cmd, *args = slot[key]
+            slot[key] = klass.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
+          elsif slot[key].kind_of?(Proc) || slot[key].kind_of?(Method)
+            slot[key] = klass.new(slot[key])
+          end
+        }
+        super(slot)
+
+      else
+        slot = slot.to_s
+        if (klass = key2class[slot])
+          if value.kind_of?(Array)
+            cmd, *args = value
+            value = klass.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
+          elsif value.kind_of?(Proc) || value.kind_of?(Method)
+            value = klass.new(value)
+          end
+        end
+        super(slot, value)
+      end
+
+      self
+    end
+=end
+  end
+
+  module ItemValidateConfigure
+    def self.__def_validcmd(scope, klass, keys=nil)
+      keys = klass._config_keys unless keys
+      keys.each{|key|
+        eval("def item_#{key}(id, *args, &b)
+                 __item_validcmd_call(#{klass.name}, '#{key}', id, *args, &b)
+              end", scope)
+      }
+    end
+
+    def __item_validcmd_call(tagOrId, klass, key, *args, &b)
+      return itemcget(tagid(tagOrId), key) if args.empty? && !b
+
+      cmd = (b)? proc(&b) : args.shift
+
+      if cmd.kind_of?(klass)
+        itemconfigure(tagid(tagOrId), key, cmd)
+      elsif !args.empty?
+        itemconfigure(tagid(tagOrId), key, [cmd, args])
+      else
+        itemconfigure(tagid(tagOrId), key, cmd)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def __item_validation_class_list(id)
+      # maybe need to override
+      []
+    end
+
+    def __get_item_validate_key2class(id)
+      k2c = {}
+      __item_validation_class_list(id).each{|klass|
+        klass._config_keys.each{|key|
+          k2c[key.to_s] = klass
+        }
+      }
+    end
+
+    def __conv_item_vcmd_on_hash_kv(keys)
+      key2class = __get_item_validate_key2class(tagid(tagOrId))
+
+      keys = _symbolkey2str(keys)
+      key2class.each{|key, klass|
+        if keys[key].kind_of?(Array)
+          cmd, *args = keys[key]
+          #keys[key] = klass.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
+          keys[key] = klass.new(cmd, *args)
+        # elsif keys[key].kind_of?(Proc) || keys[key].kind_of?(Method)
+        elsif TkComm._callback_entry?(keys[key])
+          keys[key] = klass.new(keys[key])
+        end
+      }
+      keys
+    end
+
+    def itemconfigure(tagOrId, slot, value=TkComm::None)
+      if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
+        super(__conv_item_vcmd_on_hash_kv(slot))
+      else
+        super(__conv_item_vcmd_on_hash_kv(slot=>value))
+      end
+      self
+    end
+=begin
+    def itemconfigure(tagOrId, slot, value=TkComm::None)
+      key2class = __get_item_validate_key2class(tagid(tagOrId))
+
+      if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
+        slot = _symbolkey2str(slot)
+        key2class.each{|key, klass|
+          if slot[key].kind_of?(Array)
+            cmd, *args = slot[key]
+            slot[key] = klass.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
+          elsif slot[key].kind_of?(Proc) ||  slot[key].kind_of?(Method)
+            slot[key] = klass.new(slot[key])
+          end
+        }
+        super(slot)
+
+      else
+        slot = slot.to_s
+        if (klass = key2class[slot])
+          if value.kind_of?(Array)
+            cmd, *args = value
+            value = klass.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
+          elsif value.kind_of?(Proc) || value.kind_of?(Method)
+            value = klass.new(value)
+          end
+        end
+        super(slot, value)
+      end
+
+      self
+    end
+=end
+  end
+end
+
+class TkValidateCommand
+  include TkComm
+  extend  TkComm
+
+  class ValidateArgs < TkUtil::CallbackSubst
+    KEY_TBL = [
+      [ ?d, ?n, :action ],
+      [ ?i, ?x, :index ],
+      [ ?s, ?e, :current ],
+      [ ?v, ?s, :type ],
+      [ ?P, ?e, :value ],
+      [ ?S, ?e, :string ],
+      [ ?V, ?s, :triggered ],
+      [ ?W, ?w, :widget ],
+      nil
+    ]
+
+    PROC_TBL = [
+      [ ?n, TkComm.method(:number) ],
+      [ ?s, TkComm.method(:string) ],
+      [ ?w, TkComm.method(:window) ],
+
+      [ ?e, proc{|val|
+          #enc = Tk.encoding
+          enc = ((Tk.encoding)? Tk.encoding : Tk.encoding_system)
+          if enc
+            Tk.fromUTF8(TkComm::string(val), enc)
+          else
+            TkComm::string(val)
+          end
+        }
+      ],
+
+      [ ?x, proc{|val|
+          idx = TkComm::number(val)
+          if idx < 0
+            nil
+          else
+            idx
+          end
+        }
+      ],
+
+      nil
+    ]
+
+=begin
+    # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
+    KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
+      if inf.kind_of?(Array)
+        inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
+        inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
+      end
+      inf
+    }
+
+    PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
+      if inf.kind_of?(Array)
+        inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
+      end
+      inf
+    }
+=end
+
+    _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
+
+    #
+    # NOTE: The order of parameters which passed to callback procedure is
+    #        <extra_arg>, <extra_arg>, ... , <subst_arg>, <subst_arg>, ...
+    #
+
+    #def self._get_extra_args_tbl
+    #  # return an array of convert procs
+    #  []
+    #end
+
+    def self.ret_val(val)
+      (val)? '1': '0'
+    end
+  end
+
+  ###############################################
+
+  def self._config_keys
+    # array of config-option key (string or symbol)
+    ['vcmd', 'validatecommand', 'invcmd', 'invalidcommand']
+  end
+
+  def _initialize_for_cb_class(klass, cmd = Proc.new, *args)
+    extra_args_tbl = klass._get_extra_args_tbl
+
+    if args.compact.size > 0
+      args.map!{|arg| klass._sym2subst(arg)}
+      args = args.join(' ')
+      keys = klass._get_subst_key(args)
+      if cmd.kind_of?(String)
+        id = cmd
+      elsif cmd.kind_of?(TkCallbackEntry)
+        @id = install_cmd(cmd)
+      else
+        @id = install_cmd(proc{|*arg|
+             ex_args = []
+             extra_args_tbl.reverse_each{|conv| ex_args << conv.call(arg.pop)}
+             klass.ret_val(cmd.call(
+               *(ex_args.concat(klass.scan_args(keys, arg)))
+             ))
+        }) + ' ' + args
+      end
+    else
+      keys, args = klass._get_all_subst_keys
+      if cmd.kind_of?(String)
+        id = cmd
+      elsif cmd.kind_of?(TkCallbackEntry)
+        @id = install_cmd(cmd)
+      else
+        @id = install_cmd(proc{|*arg|
+             ex_args = []
+             extra_args_tbl.reverse_each{|conv| ex_args << conv.call(arg.pop)}
+             klass.ret_val(cmd.call(
+               *(ex_args << klass.new(*klass.scan_args(keys, arg)))
+             ))
+        }) + ' ' + args
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def initialize(cmd = Proc.new, *args)
+    _initialize_for_cb_class(self.class::ValidateArgs, cmd, *args)
+  end
+
+  def to_eval
+    @id
+  end
+end
+
+module TkValidation
+  include Tk::ValidateConfigure
+
+  class ValidateCmd < TkValidateCommand
+    module Action
+      Insert = 1
+      Delete = 0
+      Others = -1
+      Focus  = -1
+      Forced = -1
+      Textvariable = -1
+      TextVariable = -1
+    end
+  end
+
+  #####################################
+
+  def __validation_class_list
+    super() << ValidateCmd
+  end
+
+  Tk::ValidateConfigure.__def_validcmd(binding, ValidateCmd)
+
+=begin
+  def validatecommand(cmd = Proc.new, args = nil)
+    if cmd.kind_of?(ValidateCmd)
+      configure('validatecommand', cmd)
+    elsif args
+      configure('validatecommand', [cmd, args])
+    else
+      configure('validatecommand', cmd)
+    end
+  end
+=end
+#  def validatecommand(*args, &b)
+#    __validcmd_call(ValidateCmd, 'validatecommand', *args, &b)
+#  end
+#  alias vcmd validatecommand
+
+=begin
+  def invalidcommand(cmd = Proc.new, args = nil)
+    if cmd.kind_of?(ValidateCmd)
+      configure('invalidcommand', cmd)
+    elsif args
+      configure('invalidcommand', [cmd, args])
+    else
+      configure('invalidcommand', cmd)
+    end
+  end
+=end
+#  def invalidcommand(*args, &b)
+#    __validcmd_call(ValidateCmd, 'invalidcommand', *args, &b)
+#  end
+#  alias invcmd invalidcommand
+end

data/lib/tk/variable.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1797 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: false
+#
+# tk/variable.rb : treat Tk variable object
+#
+require 'tk'
+
+class TkVariable
+  include Tk
+  extend TkCore
+
+  include Comparable
+
+  #TkCommandNames = ['tkwait'.freeze].freeze
+  TkCommandNames = ['vwait'.freeze].freeze
+
+  #TkVar_CB_TBL = {}
+  #TkVar_ID_TBL = {}
+  TkVar_CB_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
+  TkVar_ID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
+  (Tk_VARIABLE_ID = ["v".freeze, TkUtil.untrust("00000")]).instance_eval{
+    @mutex = Mutex.new
+    def mutex; @mutex; end
+    freeze
+  }
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
+    TkVar_CB_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ TkVar_CB_TBL.clear }
+    TkVar_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ TkVar_ID_TBL.clear }
+  }
+
+  major, minor, type, patchlevel = TclTkLib.get_version
+  USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE = (major < 8) || (major == 8 && minor < 4)
+
+  #TkCore::INTERP.add_tk_procs('rb_var', 'args',
+  #     "ruby [format \"TkVariable.callback %%Q!%s!\" $args]")
+  TkCore::INTERP.add_tk_procs('rb_var', 'args', <<-'EOL')
+    if {[set st [catch {eval {ruby_cmd TkVariable callback} $args} ret]] != 0} {
+       set idx [string first "\n\n" $ret]
+       if {$idx > 0} {
+          global errorInfo
+          set tcl_backtrace $errorInfo
+          set errorInfo [string range $ret [expr $idx + 2] \
+                                           [string length $ret]]
+          append errorInfo "\n" $tcl_backtrace
+          bgerror [string range $ret 0 [expr $idx - 1]]
+       } else {
+          bgerror $ret
+       }
+       return ""
+       #return -code $st $ret
+    } else {
+        return $ret
+    }
+  EOL
+
+  #def TkVariable.callback(args)
+  def TkVariable.callback(id, name1, name2, op)
+    #name1,name2,op = tk_split_list(args)
+    #name1,name2,op = tk_split_simplelist(args)
+    if cb_obj = TkVar_CB_TBL[id]
+      #_get_eval_string(TkVar_CB_TBL[name1].trace_callback(name2,op))
+      begin
+        _get_eval_string(cb_obj.trace_callback(name2, op))
+      rescue SystemExit
+        exit(0)
+      rescue Interrupt
+        exit!(1)
+      rescue Exception => e
+        begin
+          msg = _toUTF8(e.class.inspect) + ': ' +
+                _toUTF8(e.message) + "\n" +
+                "\n---< backtrace of Ruby side >-----\n" +
+                _toUTF8(e.backtrace.join("\n")) +
+                "\n---< backtrace of Tk side >-------"
+          if TkCore::WITH_ENCODING
+            msg.force_encoding('utf-8')
+          else
+            msg.instance_variable_set(:@encoding, 'utf-8')
+          end
+        rescue Exception
+          msg = e.class.inspect + ': ' + e.message + "\n" +
+                "\n---< backtrace of Ruby side >-----\n" +
+                e.backtrace.join("\n") +
+                "\n---< backtrace of Tk side >-------"
+        end
+        fail(e, msg)
+      end
+=begin
+      begin
+        raise 'check backtrace'
+      rescue
+        # ignore backtrace before 'callback'
+        pos = -($!.backtrace.size)
+      end
+      begin
+        _get_eval_string(TkVar_CB_TBL[name1].trace_callback(name2,op))
+      rescue
+        trace = $!.backtrace
+        raise $!, "\n#{trace[0]}: #{$!.message} (#{$!.class})\n" +
+                  "\tfrom #{trace[1..pos].join("\n\tfrom ")}"
+      end
+=end
+    else
+      ''
+    end
+  end
+
+  def self.new_hash(val = {})
+    if val.kind_of?(Hash)
+      self.new(val)
+    else
+      fail ArgumentError, 'Hash is expected'
+    end
+  end
+
+  #
+  # default_value is available only when the variable is an assoc array.
+  #
+  def default_value(val=nil, &b)
+    if b
+      @def_default = :proc
+      @default_val = proc(&b)
+    else
+      @def_default = :val
+      @default_val = val
+    end
+    self
+  end
+  def set_default_value(val)
+    @def_default = :val
+    @default_val = val
+    self
+  end
+  alias default_value= set_default_value
+  def default_proc(cmd = Proc.new)
+    @def_default = :proc
+    @default_val = cmd
+    self
+  end
+
+  def undef_default
+    @default_val = nil
+    @def_default = false
+    self
+  end
+
+  def default_value_type
+    @type
+  end
+  def default_element_value_type(idxs)
+    if idxs.kind_of?(Array)
+      index = idxs.collect{|idx| _get_eval_string(idx, true)}.join(',')
+    else
+      index = _get_eval_string(idxs, true)
+    end
+    @element_type[index]
+  end
+
+  def _set_default_value_type_core(type, idxs)
+    if type.kind_of?(Class)
+      if type == NilClass
+        type = nil
+      elsif type == Numeric
+        type = :numeric
+      elsif type == TrueClass || type == FalseClass
+        type = :bool
+      elsif type == String
+        type = :string
+      elsif type == Symbol
+        type = :symbol
+      elsif type == Array
+        type = :list
+      elsif type <= TkVariable
+        type = :variable
+      elsif type <= TkWindow
+        type = :window
+      elsif TkComm._callback_entry_class?(type)
+        type = :procedure
+      else
+        type = nil
+      end
+    else
+      case(type)
+      when nil
+        type = nil
+      when :numeric, 'numeric'
+        type = :numeric
+      when true, false, :bool, 'bool'
+        type = :bool
+      when :string, 'string'
+        type = :string
+      when :symbol, 'symbol'
+        type = :symbol
+      when :list, 'list'
+        type = :list
+      when :numlist, 'numlist'
+        type = :numlist
+      when :variable, 'variable'
+        type = :variable
+      when :window, 'window'
+        type = :window
+      when :procedure, 'procedure'
+        type = :procedure
+      else
+        return _set_default_value_type_core(type.class, idxs)
+      end
+    end
+    if idxs
+      if idxs.kind_of?(Array)
+        index = idxs.collect{|idx| _get_eval_string(idx, true)}.join(',')
+      else
+        index = _get_eval_string(idxs, true)
+      end
+      @element_type[index] = type
+    else
+      @type = type
+    end
+    type
+  end
+  private :_set_default_value_type_core
+
+  def set_default_value_type(type)
+    _set_default_value_type_core(type, nil)
+    self
+  end
+  alias default_value_type= set_default_value_type
+
+  def set_default_element_value_type(idxs, type)
+    _set_default_value_type_core(type, idxs)
+    self
+  end
+
+  def _to_default_type(val, idxs = nil)
+    if idxs
+      if idxs.kind_of?(Array)
+        index = idxs.collect{|idx| _get_eval_string(idx, true)}.join(',')
+      else
+        index = _get_eval_string(idxs, true)
+      end
+      type = @element_type[index]
+    else
+      type = @type
+    end
+    return val unless type
+    if val.kind_of?(Hash)
+      val.keys.each{|k| val[k] = _to_default_type(val[k], idxs) }
+      val
+    else
+      begin
+        case(type)
+        when :numeric
+          number(val)
+        when :bool
+          TkComm.bool(val)
+        when :string
+          val
+        when :symbol
+          val.intern
+        when :list
+          tk_split_simplelist(val)
+        when :numlist
+          tk_split_simplelist(val).collect!{|v| number(v)}
+        when :variable
+          TkVarAccess.new(val)
+        when :window
+          TkComm.window(val)
+        when :procedure
+          TkComm.procedure(val)
+        else
+          val
+        end
+      rescue
+        val
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  private :_to_default_type
+
+  def _to_default_element_type(idxs, val)
+    _to_default_type(val, idxs)
+  end
+  private :_to_default_element_type
+
+  def initialize(val="", type=nil)
+    # @id = Tk_VARIABLE_ID.join('')
+    begin
+      Tk_VARIABLE_ID.mutex.synchronize{
+        @id = Tk_VARIABLE_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+        Tk_VARIABLE_ID[1].succ!
+      }
+    end until INTERP._invoke_without_enc('info', 'globals', @id).empty?
+
+    TkVar_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
+      TkVar_ID_TBL[@id] = self
+    }
+
+    @var  = @id
+    @elem = nil
+
+    @def_default = false
+    @default_val = nil
+
+    @trace_var  = nil
+    @trace_elem = nil
+    @trace_opts = nil
+
+    @type = nil
+    var = self
+    @element_type = Hash.new{|k,v| var.default_value_type }
+
+    self.default_value_type = type
+
+    # teach Tk-ip that @id is global var
+    INTERP._invoke_without_enc('global', @id)
+    #INTERP._invoke('global', @id)
+
+    # create and init
+    if val.kind_of?(Hash)
+      # assoc-array variable
+      self[''] = 0
+      self.clear
+    end
+    self.value = val
+
+=begin
+    if val == []
+      # INTERP._eval(format('global %s; set %s(0) 0; unset %s(0)',
+      #                     @id, @id, @id))
+    elsif val.kind_of?(Array)
+      a = []
+      # val.each_with_index{|e,i| a.push(i); a.push(array2tk_list(e))}
+      # s = '"' + a.join(" ").gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
+      val.each_with_index{|e,i| a.push(i); a.push(e)}
+      #s = '"' + array2tk_list(a).gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
+      s = '"' + array2tk_list(a).gsub(/[\[\]$"\\]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
+      INTERP._eval(format('global %s; array set %s %s', @id, @id, s))
+    elsif  val.kind_of?(Hash)
+      #s = '"' + val.to_a.collect{|e| array2tk_list(e)}.join(" ")\
+      #             .gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
+      s = '"' + val.to_a.collect{|e| array2tk_list(e)}.join(" ")\
+                   .gsub(/[\[\]$"\\]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
+      INTERP._eval(format('global %s; array set %s %s', @id, @id, s))
+    else
+      #s = '"' + _get_eval_string(val).gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
+      s = '"' + _get_eval_string(val).gsub(/[\[\]$"\\]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
+      INTERP._eval(format('global %s; set %s %s', @id, @id, s))
+    end
+=end
+=begin
+    if  val.kind_of?(Hash)
+      #s = '"' + val.to_a.collect{|e| array2tk_list(e)}.join(" ")\
+      #             .gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
+      s = '"' + val.to_a.collect{|e| array2tk_list(e)}.join(" ")\
+                   .gsub(/[\[\]$"\\]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
+      INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; array set %s %s', @id, @id, s))
+    else
+      #s = '"' + _get_eval_string(val).gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
+      s = '"' + _get_eval_string(val).gsub(/[\[\]$"\\]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
+      INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; set %s %s', @id, @id, s))
+    end
+=end
+  end
+
+  def wait(on_thread = false, check_root = false)
+    on_thread &= (Thread.list.size != 1)
+    if on_thread
+      if check_root
+        INTERP._thread_tkwait('variable', @id)
+      else
+        INTERP._thread_vwait(@id)
+      end
+    else
+      if check_root
+        INTERP._invoke_without_enc('tkwait', 'variable', @id)
+      else
+        INTERP._invoke_without_enc('vwait', @id)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  def eventloop_wait(check_root = false)
+    wait(false, check_root)
+  end
+  def thread_wait(check_root = false)
+    wait(true, check_root)
+  end
+  def tkwait(on_thread = true)
+    wait(on_thread, true)
+  end
+  def eventloop_tkwait
+    wait(false, true)
+  end
+  def thread_tkwait
+    wait(true, true)
+  end
+
+  def id
+    @id
+  end
+
+  def ref(*idxs)
+    # "#{@id}(#{idxs.collect{|idx| _get_eval_string(idx)}.join(',')})"
+    TkVarAccess.new("#{@id}(#{idxs.collect{|idx| _get_eval_string(idx)}.join(',')})")
+  end
+
+  def is_hash?
+    #ITNERP._eval("global #{@id}; array exist #{@id}") == '1'
+    INTERP._invoke_without_enc('global', @id)
+    # INTERP._invoke_without_enc('array', 'exist', @id) == '1'
+    TkComm.bool(INTERP._invoke_without_enc('array', 'exist', @id))
+  end
+
+  def is_scalar?
+    ! is_hash?
+  end
+
+  def exist?(*elems)
+    INTERP._invoke_without_enc('global', @id)
+    if elems.empty?
+      TkComm.bool(tk_call('info', 'exist', @id))
+    else
+      # array
+      index = elems.collect{|idx| _get_eval_string(idx, true)}.join(',')
+      TkComm.bool(tk_call('info', 'exist', "#{@id}")) &&
+        TkComm.bool(tk_call('info', 'exist', "#{@id}(#{index})"))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def keys
+    if (is_scalar?)
+      fail RuntimeError, 'cannot get keys from a scalar variable'
+    end
+    #tk_split_simplelist(INTERP._eval("global #{@id}; array get #{@id}"))
+    INTERP._invoke_without_enc('global', @id)
+    #tk_split_simplelist(INTERP._fromUTF8(INTERP._invoke_without_enc('array', 'names', @id)))
+    tk_split_simplelist(INTERP._invoke_without_enc('array', 'names', @id),
+                        false, true)
+  end
+
+  def size
+    INTERP._invoke_without_enc('global', @id)
+    TkComm.number(INTERP._invoke_without_enc('array', 'size', @id))
+  end
+
+  def clear
+    if (is_scalar?)
+      fail RuntimeError, 'cannot clear a scalar variable'
+    end
+    keys.each{|k| unset(k)}
+    self
+  end
+
+  def update(hash)
+    if (is_scalar?)
+      fail RuntimeError, 'cannot update a scalar variable'
+    end
+    hash.each{|k,v| self[k] = v}
+    self
+  end
+
+unless const_defined?(:USE_TCLs_SET_VARIABLE_FUNCTIONS)
+  USE_TCLs_SET_VARIABLE_FUNCTIONS = true
+end
+
+if USE_TCLs_SET_VARIABLE_FUNCTIONS
+  ###########################################################################
+  # use Tcl function version of set tkvariable
+  ###########################################################################
+
+  def _value
+    #if INTERP._eval("global #{@id}; array exist #{@id}") == '1'
+    INTERP._invoke_without_enc('global', @id)
+    # if INTERP._invoke('array', 'exist', @id) == '1'
+    if TkComm.bool(INTERP._invoke('array', 'exist', @id))
+      #Hash[*tk_split_simplelist(INTERP._eval("global #{@id}; array get #{@id}"))]
+      Hash[*tk_split_simplelist(INTERP._invoke('array', 'get', @id))]
+    else
+      _fromUTF8(INTERP._get_global_var(@id))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def value=(val)
+    val = val._value if !@type && @type != :variable && val.kind_of?(TkVariable)
+    if val.kind_of?(Hash)
+      self.clear
+      val.each{|k, v|
+        #INTERP._set_global_var2(@id, _toUTF8(_get_eval_string(k)),
+        #                       _toUTF8(_get_eval_string(v)))
+        INTERP._set_global_var2(@id, _get_eval_string(k, true),
+                                _get_eval_string(v, true))
+      }
+      self.value
+#    elsif val.kind_of?(Array)
+=begin
+      INTERP._set_global_var(@id, '')
+      val.each{|v|
+        #INTERP._set_variable(@id, _toUTF8(_get_eval_string(v)),
+        INTERP._set_variable(@id, _get_eval_string(v, true),
+                             TclTkLib::VarAccessFlag::GLOBAL_ONLY   |
+                             TclTkLib::VarAccessFlag::LEAVE_ERR_MSG |
+                             TclTkLib::VarAccessFlag::APPEND_VALUE  |
+                             TclTkLib::VarAccessFlag::LIST_ELEMENT)
+      }
+      self.value
+=end
+#      _fromUTF8(INTERP._set_global_var(@id, array2tk_list(val, true)))
+    else
+      #_fromUTF8(INTERP._set_global_var(@id, _toUTF8(_get_eval_string(val))))
+      _fromUTF8(INTERP._set_global_var(@id, _get_eval_string(val, true)))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def _element_value(*idxs)
+    index = idxs.collect{|idx| _get_eval_string(idx, true)}.join(',')
+    begin
+      _fromUTF8(INTERP._get_global_var2(@id, index))
+    rescue => e
+      case @def_default
+      when :proc
+        @default_val.call(self, *idxs)
+      when :val
+        @default_val
+      else
+        fail e
+      end
+    end
+    #_fromUTF8(INTERP._get_global_var2(@id, index))
+    #_fromUTF8(INTERP._get_global_var2(@id, _toUTF8(_get_eval_string(index))))
+    #_fromUTF8(INTERP._get_global_var2(@id, _get_eval_string(index, true)))
+  end
+
+  def []=(*args)
+    val = args.pop
+    type = default_element_value_type(args)
+    val = val._value if !type && type != :variable && val.kind_of?(TkVariable)
+    index = args.collect{|idx| _get_eval_string(idx, true)}.join(',')
+    _fromUTF8(INTERP._set_global_var2(@id, index, _get_eval_string(val, true)))
+    #_fromUTF8(INTERP._set_global_var2(@id, _toUTF8(_get_eval_string(index)),
+    #                                 _toUTF8(_get_eval_string(val))))
+    #_fromUTF8(INTERP._set_global_var2(@id, _get_eval_string(index, true),
+    #                                 _get_eval_string(val, true)))
+  end
+
+  def unset(*elems)
+    if elems.empty?
+      INTERP._unset_global_var(@id)
+    else
+      index = elems.collect{|idx| _get_eval_string(idx, true)}.join(',')
+      INTERP._unset_global_var2(@id, index)
+    end
+  end
+  alias remove unset
+
+else
+  ###########################################################################
+  # use Ruby script version of set tkvariable (traditional methods)
+  ###########################################################################
+
+  def _value
+    begin
+      INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; set %s', @id, @id))
+      #INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('set %s', @id))
+      #INTERP._invoke_without_enc('set', @id)
+    rescue
+      if INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; array exists %s',
+                            @id, @id)) != "1"
+      #if INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('array exists %s', @id)) != "1"
+      #if INTERP._invoke_without_enc('array', 'exists', @id) != "1"
+        fail
+      else
+        Hash[*tk_split_simplelist(INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; array get %s', @id, @id)))]
+        #Hash[*tk_split_simplelist(_fromUTF8(INTERP._invoke_without_enc('array', 'get', @id)))]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def value=(val)
+    val = val._value if !@type && @type != :variable && val.kind_of?(TkVariable)
+    begin
+      #s = '"' + _get_eval_string(val).gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
+      s = '"' + _get_eval_string(val).gsub(/[\[\]$"\\]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
+      INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; set %s %s', @id, @id, s))
+      #INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('set %s %s', @id, s))
+      #_fromUTF8(INTERP._invoke_without_enc('set', @id, _toUTF8(s)))
+    rescue
+      if INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; array exists %s',
+                            @id, @id)) != "1"
+      #if INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('array exists %s', @id)) != "1"
+      #if INTERP._invoke_without_enc('array', 'exists', @id) != "1"
+        fail
+      else
+        if val == []
+          INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; unset %s; set %s(0) 0; unset %s(0)', @id, @id, @id, @id))
+          #INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('unset %s; set %s(0) 0; unset %s(0)',
+          #                          @id, @id, @id))
+          #INTERP._invoke_without_enc('unset', @id)
+          #INTERP._invoke_without_enc('set', @id+'(0)', 0)
+          #INTERP._invoke_without_enc('unset', @id+'(0)')
+        elsif val.kind_of?(Array)
+          a = []
+          val.each_with_index{|e,i| a.push(i); a.push(array2tk_list(e, true))}
+          #s = '"' + a.join(" ").gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
+          s = '"' + a.join(" ").gsub(/[\[\]$"\\]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
+          INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; unset %s; array set %s %s',
+                                     @id, @id, @id, s))
+          #INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('unset %s; array set %s %s',
+          #                          @id, @id, s))
+          #INTERP._invoke_without_enc('unset', @id)
+          #_fromUTF8(INTERP._invoke_without_enc('array','set', @id, _toUTF8(s)))
+        elsif  val.kind_of?(Hash)
+          #s = '"' + val.to_a.collect{|e| array2tk_list(e)}.join(" ")\
+          #                      .gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
+          s = '"' + val.to_a.collect{|e| array2tk_list(e, true)}.join(" ")\
+                                .gsub(/[\[\]$\\"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"'
+          INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; unset %s; array set %s %s',
+                                     @id, @id, @id, s))
+          #INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('unset %s; array set %s %s',
+          #                          @id, @id, s))
+          #INTERP._invoke_without_enc('unset', @id)
+          #_fromUTF8(INTERP._invoke_without_enc('array','set', @id, _toUTF8(s)))
+        else
+          fail
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def _element_value(*idxs)
+    index = idxs.collect{|idx| _get_eval_string(idx)}.join(',')
+    begin
+      INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; set %s(%s)', @id, @id, index))
+    rescue => e
+      case @def_default
+      when :proc
+        @default_val.call(self, *idxs)
+      when :val
+        @default_val
+      else
+        fail e
+      end
+    end
+    #INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; set %s(%s)', @id, @id, index))
+    #INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; set %s(%s)',
+    #                           @id, @id, _get_eval_string(index)))
+    #INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('set %s(%s)', @id, _get_eval_string(index)))
+    #INTERP._eval('set ' + @id + '(' + _get_eval_string(index) + ')')
+  end
+
+  def []=(*args)
+    val = args.pop
+    type = default_element_value_type(args)
+    val = val._value if !type && type != :variable && val.kind_of?(TkVariable)
+    index = args.collect{|idx| _get_eval_string(idx)}.join(',')
+    INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; set %s(%s) %s', @id, @id,
+                              index, _get_eval_string(val)))
+    #INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; set %s(%s) %s', @id, @id,
+    #                          _get_eval_string(index), _get_eval_string(val)))
+    #INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('set %s(%s) %s', @id,
+    #                          _get_eval_string(index), _get_eval_string(val)))
+    #INTERP._eval('set ' + @id + '(' + _get_eval_string(index) + ') ' +
+    #            _get_eval_string(val))
+  end
+
+  def unset(*elems)
+    if elems.empty?
+      INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; unset %s', @id, @id))
+      #INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('unset %s', @id))
+      #INTERP._eval('unset ' + @id)
+    else
+      index = elems.collect{|idx| _get_eval_string(idx, true)}.join(',')
+      INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; unset %s(%s)', @id, @id, index))
+      #INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; unset %s(%s)',
+      #                           @id, @id, _get_eval_string(elem)))
+      #INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('unset %s(%s)', @id, tk_tcl2ruby(elem)))
+      #INTERP._eval('unset ' + @id + '(' + _get_eval_string(elem) + ')')
+    end
+  end
+  alias remove unset
+
+end
+
+  protected :_value, :_element_value
+
+  def value
+    _to_default_type(_value)
+  end
+
+  def [](*idxs)
+    _to_default_element_type(idxs, _element_value(*idxs))
+  end
+
+  def set_value(val)
+    self.value = val
+    self
+  end
+
+  def to_hash
+    hash = {}
+    self.keys.each{|k|
+      hash[k] = self[k]
+    }
+    hash
+  end
+
+  def set_element_value(idxs, val)
+    if idxs.kind_of?(Array)
+      self[*idxs]=val
+    else
+      self[idxs]=val
+    end
+    self
+  end
+
+  def set_value_type(val)
+    self.default_value_type = val.class
+    self.value = val
+    self
+  end
+
+  alias value_type= set_value_type
+
+  def set_element_value_type(idxs, val)
+    self.set_default_element_value_type(idxs, val.class)
+    if idxs.kind_of?(Array)
+      self[*idxs]=val
+    else
+      self[idxs]=val
+    end
+    self
+  end
+
+  def numeric
+    number(_value)
+  end
+  def numeric_element(*idxs)
+    number(_element_value(*idxs))
+  end
+  def set_numeric(val)
+    case val
+    when Numeric
+      self.value=(val)
+    when TkVariable
+      self.value=(val.numeric)
+    else
+      raise ArgumentError, "Numeric is expected"
+    end
+    self
+  end
+  alias numeric= set_numeric
+  def set_numeric_element(idxs, val)
+    case val
+    when Numeric
+      val
+    when TkVariable
+      val = val.numeric
+    else
+      raise ArgumentError, "Numeric is expected"
+    end
+    if idxs.kind_of?(Array)
+      self[*idxs]=val
+    else
+      self[idxs]=val
+    end
+    self
+  end
+  def set_numeric_type(val)
+    @type = :numeric
+    self.numeric=(val)
+    self
+  end
+  alias numeric_type= set_numeric_type
+  def set_numeric_element_type(idxs, val)
+    self.set_default_element_value_type(idxs, :numeric)
+    self.set_numeric_element(idxs, val)
+  end
+
+  def bool
+    TkComm.bool(_value)
+=begin
+    # see Tcl_GetBoolean man-page
+    case _value.downcase
+    when '0', 'false', 'no', 'off'
+      false
+    else
+      true
+    end
+=end
+  end
+  def bool_element(*idxs)
+    TkComm.bool(_element_value(*idxs))
+  end
+  def set_bool(val)
+    if ! val
+      self.value = '0'
+    else
+      case val.to_s.downcase
+      when 'false', '0', 'no', 'off'
+        self.value = '0'
+      else
+        self.value = '1'
+      end
+    end
+    self
+  end
+  alias bool= set_bool
+  def set_bool_element(idxs, val)
+    if ! val
+      val = '0'
+    else
+      case val.to_s.downcase
+      when 'false', '0', 'no', 'off'
+        val = '0'
+      else
+        val = '1'
+      end
+    end
+    if idxs.kind_of?(Array)
+      self[*idxs]=val
+    else
+      self[idxs]=val
+    end
+    self
+  end
+  def set_bool_type(val)
+    @type = :bool
+    self.bool=(val)
+    self
+  end
+  alias bool_type= set_bool_type
+  def set_bool_element_type(idxs, val)
+    self.set_default_element_value_type(idxs, :bool)
+    self.set_bool_element(idxs, val)
+  end
+
+  def variable
+    # keeps a Tcl's variable name
+    TkVarAccess.new(self._value)
+  end
+  def variable_element(*idxs)
+    TkVarAccess.new(_element_value(*idxs))
+  end
+  def set_variable(var)
+    var = var.id if var.kind_of?(TkVariable)
+    self.value = var
+    self
+  end
+  alias variable= set_variable
+  def set_variable_element(idxs, var)
+    var = var.id if var.kind_of?(TkVariable)
+    if idxs.kind_of?(Array)
+      self[*idxs]=var
+    else
+      self[idxs]=var
+    end
+    self
+  end
+  def set_variable_type(var)
+    @type = :variable
+    var = var.id if var.kind_of?(TkVariable)
+    self.value = var
+    self
+  end
+  alias variable_type= set_variable_type
+  def set_variable_element_type(idxs, var)
+    self.set_default_element_value_type(idxs, :variable)
+    self.set_variable_element(idxs, var)
+  end
+
+  def window
+    TkComm.window(self._value)
+  end
+  def window_element(*idxs)
+    TkComm.window(_element_value(*idxs))
+  end
+  def set_window(win)
+    win = win._value if win.kind_of?(TkVariable)
+    self.value = win
+    self
+  end
+  alias window= set_window
+  def set_window_element(idxs, win)
+    win = win._value if win.kind_of?(TkVariable)
+    if idxs.kind_of?(Array)
+      self[*idxs]=win
+    else
+      self[idxs]=win
+    end
+    self
+  end
+  def set_window_type(win)
+    @type = :window
+    self.window=(win)
+    self
+  end
+  alias window_type= set_window_type
+  def set_window_element_type(idxs, win)
+    self.set_default_element_value_type(idxs, :window)
+    self.set_window_element(idxs, win)
+  end
+
+  def procedure
+    TkComm.procedure(self._value)
+  end
+  def procedure_element(*idxs)
+    TkComm.procedure(_element_value(*idxs))
+  end
+  def set_procedure(cmd)
+    self.value = cmd
+    self
+  end
+  alias procedure= set_procedure
+  def set_procedure_element(idxs, cmd)
+    cmd = cmd._value if cmd.kind_of?(TkVariable)
+    if idxs.kind_of?(Array)
+      self[*idxs]=cmd
+    else
+      self[idxs]=cmd
+    end
+    self
+  end
+  def set_procedure_type(cmd)
+    @type = :procedure
+    self.procedure=(cmd)
+    self
+  end
+  alias procedure_type= set_procedure_type
+  def set_procedure_element_type(idxs, cmd)
+    self.set_default_element_value_type(idxs, :procedure)
+    self.set_proceure_element(idxs, cmd)
+  end
+
+  def to_proc
+    cmd = self.procedure
+    if cmd.respond_to?(:call)
+      cmd
+    else
+      # cmd is a String
+      cmd.to_sym.to_proc
+    end
+  end
+
+  def to_i
+    number(_value).to_i
+  end
+  alias to_int to_i
+  def element_to_i(*idxs)
+    number(_element_value(*idxs)).to_i
+  end
+
+  def to_f
+    number(_value).to_f
+  end
+  def element_to_f(*idxs)
+    number(_element_value(*idxs)).to_f
+  end
+
+  def to_s
+    #string(value).to_s
+    _value
+  end
+  alias string to_s
+  alias to_str to_s
+  def element_to_s(*idxs)
+    _element_value(*idxs)
+  end
+  def string_element(*idxs)
+    _element_value(*idxs)
+  end
+  def set_string(val)
+    val = val._value if val.kind_of?(TkVariable)
+    self.value=val
+    self
+  end
+  alias string= set_string
+  def set_string_element(idxs, val)
+    val = val._value if val.kind_of?(TkVariable)
+    if idxs.kind_of?(Array)
+      self[*idxs]=val
+    else
+      self[idxs]=val
+    end
+    self
+  end
+  def set_string_type(val)
+    @type = :string
+    self.string=(val)
+    self
+  end
+  alias string_type= set_string_type
+  def set_string_element_type(idxs, val)
+    self.set_default_element_value_type(idxs, :string)
+    self.set_string_element(idxs, val)
+  end
+
+  def to_sym
+    _value.intern
+  end
+  alias symbol to_sym
+  def element_to_sym(*idxs)
+    _element_value(*idxs).intern
+  end
+  alias symbol_element element_to_sym
+  def set_symbol(val)
+    val = val._value if val.kind_of?(TkVariable)
+    self.value=val
+    self
+  end
+  alias symbol= set_symbol
+  def set_symbol_element(idxs, val)
+    val = val._value if val.kind_of?(TkVariable)
+    if idxs.kind_of?(Array)
+      self[*idxs]=val
+    else
+      self[idxs]=val
+    end
+    self
+  end
+  def set_symbol_type(val)
+    @type = :symbol
+    self.value=(val)
+    self
+  end
+  alias symbol_type= set_symbol_type
+  def set_symbol_element_type(idxs, val)
+    self.set_default_element_value_type(idxs, :symbol)
+    self.set_symbol_element(idxs, val)
+  end
+
+  def list
+    #tk_split_list(value)
+    tk_split_simplelist(_value)
+  end
+  alias to_a list
+  alias to_ary list
+  def list_element(*idxs)
+    tk_split_simplelist(_element_value(*idxs))
+  end
+  alias element_to_a list_element
+
+  def numlist
+    list.collect!{|val| number(val)}
+  end
+  def numlist_element(*idxs)
+    list_element(*idxs).collect!{|val| number(val)}
+  end
+
+  def set_list(val)
+    case val
+    when Array
+      self.value=(val)
+    when TkVariable
+      self.value=(val.list)
+    else
+      raise ArgumentError, "Array is expected"
+    end
+    self
+  end
+  alias list= set_list
+
+  alias set_numlist set_list
+  alias numlist= set_numlist
+
+  def set_list_element(idxs, val)
+    case val
+    when Array
+      val
+    when TkVariable
+      val = val.list
+    else
+      raise ArgumentError, "Array is expected"
+    end
+    if idxs.kind_of?(Array)
+      self[*idxs]=val
+    else
+      self[idxs]=val
+    end
+    self
+  end
+  alias set_numlist_element set_list_element
+
+  def set_list_type(val)
+    @type = :list
+    self.list=(val)
+    self
+  end
+  alias list_type= set_list_type
+  def set_list_element_type(idxs, val)
+    self.set_default_element_value_type(idxs, :list)
+    self.set_list_element(idxs, val)
+  end
+  def set_numlist_type(val)
+    @type = :numlist
+    self.numlist=(val)
+    self
+  end
+  alias numlist_type= set_numlist_type
+  def set_numlist_element_type(idxs, val)
+    self.set_default_element_value_type(idxs, :numlist)
+    self.set_numlist_element(idxs, val)
+  end
+
+  def lappend(*elems)
+    tk_call('lappend', @id, *elems)
+    self
+  end
+  def element_lappend(idxs, *elems)
+    if idxs.kind_of?(Array)
+      idxs = idxs.collect{|idx| _get_eval_string(idx, true)}.join(',')
+    end
+    tk_call('lappend', "#{@id}(#{idxs})", *elems)
+    self
+  end
+
+  def lindex(idx)
+    tk_call('lindex', self._value, idx)
+  end
+  alias lget lindex
+  def element_lindex(elem_idxs, idx)
+    if elem_idxs.kind_of?(Array)
+      val = _element_value(*elem_idxs)
+    else
+      val = _element_value(elem_idxs)
+    end
+    tk_call('lindex', val, idx)
+  end
+  alias element_lget element_lindex
+
+  def lget_i(idx)
+    number(lget(idx)).to_i
+  end
+  def element_lget_i(elem_idxs, idx)
+    number(element_lget(elem_idxs, idx)).to_i
+  end
+
+  def lget_f(idx)
+    number(lget(idx)).to_f
+  end
+  def element_lget_f(elem_idxs, idx)
+    number(element_lget(elem_idxs, idx)).to_f
+  end
+
+  def lset(idx, val)
+    tk_call('lset', @id, idx, val)
+    self
+  end
+  def element_lset(elem_idxs, idx, val)
+    if elem_idxs.kind_of?(Array)
+      idxs = elem_idxs.collect{|i| _get_eval_string(i, true)}.join(',')
+    end
+    tk_call('lset', "#{@id}(#{idxs})", idx, val)
+    self
+  end
+
+  def inspect
+    #Kernel.format "#<TkVariable: %s>", @id
+    '#<TkVariable: ' + @id + '>'
+  end
+
+  def coerce(other)
+    case other
+    when TkVariable
+      [other._value, self._value]
+    when String
+      [other, self.to_s]
+    when Symbol
+      [other, self.to_sym]
+    when Numeric
+      [other, self.numeric]
+    when Array
+      [other, self.to_a]
+    else
+      [other, self._value]
+    end
+  end
+
+  def +@
+    self.numeric
+  end
+  def -@
+    -(self.numeric)
+  end
+
+  def &(other)
+    if other.kind_of?(Array)
+      self.to_a & other.to_a
+    else
+      self.to_i & other.to_i
+    end
+  end
+  def |(other)
+    if other.kind_of?(Array)
+      self.to_a | other.to_a
+    else
+      self.to_i | other.to_i
+    end
+  end
+  def +(other)
+    case other
+    when Array
+      self.to_a + other
+    when String
+      self._value + other
+    else
+      begin
+        number(self._value) + other
+      rescue
+        self._value + other.to_s
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  def -(other)
+    if other.kind_of?(Array)
+      self.to_a - other
+    else
+      number(self._value) - other
+    end
+  end
+  def *(other)
+    num_or_str(self._value) * other
+    #begin
+    #  number(self._value) * other
+    #rescue
+    #  self._value * other
+    #end
+  end
+  def /(other)
+    number(self._value) / other
+  end
+  def %(other)
+    num_or_str(self._value) % other
+    #begin
+    #  number(self._value) % other
+    #rescue
+    #  self._value % other
+    #end
+  end
+  def **(other)
+    number(self._value) ** other
+  end
+  def =~(other)
+    self._value =~ other
+  end
+
+  def ==(other)
+    case other
+    when TkVariable
+      #self.equal?(other)
+      self._value == other._value
+    when String
+      self.to_s == other
+    when Symbol
+      self.to_sym == other
+    when Integer
+      self.to_i == other
+    when Float
+      self.to_f == other
+    when Array
+      self.to_a == other
+    when Hash
+      # false if self is not an assoc array
+      self._value == other
+    else
+      # false
+      self._value == _get_eval_string(other)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def ===(other)
+    if other.kind_of?(TkVariable)
+      self.id == other.id
+    else
+      super
+    end
+  end
+
+  def zero?
+    numeric.zero?
+  end
+  def nonzero?
+    !(numeric.zero?)
+  end
+
+  def <=>(other)
+    if other.kind_of?(TkVariable)
+      begin
+        val = other.numeric
+        other = val
+      rescue
+        other = other._value
+      end
+    elsif other.kind_of?(Numeric)
+      begin
+        return self.numeric <=> other
+      rescue
+        return self._value <=> other.to_s
+      end
+    elsif other.kind_of?(Array)
+      return self.list <=> other
+    else
+      return self._value <=> other
+    end
+  end
+
+  def to_eval
+    @id
+  end
+
+  def trace_callback(elem, op)
+    if @trace_var.kind_of? Array
+      @trace_var.each{|m,e| e.call(self,elem,op) if m.index(op)}
+    end
+    if elem.kind_of?(String) && elem != ''
+      if @trace_elem.kind_of?(Hash) && @trace_elem[elem].kind_of?(Array)
+        @trace_elem[elem].each{|m,e| e.call(self,elem,op) if m.index(op)}
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def _check_trace_opt(opts)
+    if opts.kind_of?(Array)
+      opt_str = opts.map{|s| s.to_s}.join(' ')
+    else
+      opt_str = opts.to_s
+    end
+
+    fail ArgumentError, 'null trace option' if opt_str.empty?
+
+    if opt_str =~ /[^arwu\s]/
+      # new format (Tcl/Tk8.4+?)
+      if opts.kind_of?(Array)
+        opt_ary = opts.map{|opt| opt.to_s.strip}
+      else
+        opt_ary = opt_str.split(/\s+|\|/)
+        opt_ary.delete('')
+      end
+      if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
+        opt_ary.uniq.map{|opt|
+          case opt
+          when 'array'
+            'a'
+          when 'read'
+            'r'
+          when 'write'
+            'w'
+          when 'unset'
+            'u'
+          else
+            fail ArgumentError, "unsupported trace option '#{opt}' on Tcl/Tk#{Tk::TCL_PATCHLEVEL}"
+          end
+        }.join
+      else
+        opt_ary
+      end
+    else
+      # old format
+      opt_ary = opt_str.delete('^arwu').split(//).uniq
+      if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
+        opt_ary.join
+      else
+        opt_ary.map{|c|
+          case c
+          when 'a'
+            'array'
+          when 'r'
+            'read'
+          when 'w'
+            'write'
+          when 'u'
+            'unset'
+          end
+        }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  private :_check_trace_opt
+
+  def trace(opts, cmd = Proc.new)
+    opts = _check_trace_opt(opts)
+    (@trace_var ||= []).unshift([opts,cmd])
+
+    if @trace_opts == nil
+      TkVar_CB_TBL[@id] = self
+      @trace_opts = opts.dup
+      if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
+        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable',
+                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+      else
+        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'add', 'variable',
+                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+      end
+    else
+      newopts = @trace_opts.dup
+      if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
+        opts.each_byte{|c| newopts.concat(c.chr) unless newopts.index(c.chr)}
+        if newopts != @trace_opts
+          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'vdelete',
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+          @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
+          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable',
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+        end
+      else
+        newopts |= opts
+        unless (newopts - @trace_opts).empty?
+          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'remove', 'variable',
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+          @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
+          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'add', 'variable',
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    self
+  end
+
+  def trace_element(elem, opts, cmd = Proc.new)
+    if @elem
+      fail(RuntimeError,
+           "invalid for a TkVariable which denotes an element of Tcl's array")
+    end
+
+    opts = _check_trace_opt(opts)
+
+    ((@trace_elem ||= {})[elem] ||= []).unshift([opts,cmd])
+
+    if @trace_opts == nil
+      TkVar_CB_TBL[@id] = self
+      @trace_opts = opts.dup
+      if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
+        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'add', 'variable',
+                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+      else
+        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable',
+                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+      end
+    else
+      newopts = @trace_opts.dup
+      if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
+        opts.each_byte{|c| newopts.concat(c.chr) unless newopts.index(c.chr)}
+        if newopts != @trace_opts
+          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'vdelete',
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+          @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
+          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable',
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+        end
+      else
+        newopts |= opts
+        unless (newopts - @trace_opts).empty?
+          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'remove', 'variable',
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+          @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
+          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'add', 'variable',
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    self
+  end
+
+  def trace_info
+    return [] unless @trace_var
+    @trace_var.dup
+  end
+  alias trace_vinfo trace_info
+
+  def trace_info_for_element(elem)
+    if @elem
+      fail(RuntimeError,
+           "invalid for a TkVariable which denotes an element of Tcl's array")
+    end
+    return [] unless @trace_elem
+    return [] unless @trace_elem[elem]
+    @trace_elem[elem].dup
+  end
+  alias trace_vinfo_for_element trace_info_for_element
+
+  def trace_remove(opts,cmd)
+    return self unless @trace_var.kind_of? Array
+
+    opts = _check_trace_opt(opts)
+
+    idx = -1
+    if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
+      newopts = ''
+      @trace_var.each_with_index{|e, i|
+        if idx < 0 && e[1] == cmd
+          diff = false
+          ['a', 'r', 'w', 'u'].each{|c|
+            break if (diff = e[0].index(c) ^ opts.index(c))
+          }
+          unless diff
+            #find
+            idx = i
+            next
+          end
+        end
+        e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts.concat(c.chr) unless newopts.index(c.chr)}
+      }
+    else
+      newopts = []
+      @trace_var.each_with_index{|e, i|
+        if idx < 0 && e[1] == cmd &&
+            e[0].size == opts.size && (e[0] - opts).empty?
+          # find
+          idx = i
+          next
+        end
+        newopts |= e[0]
+      }
+    end
+
+    if idx >= 0
+      @trace_var.delete_at(idx)
+    else
+      return self
+    end
+
+    (@trace_elem ||= {}).each{|elem|
+      @trace_elem[elem].each{|e|
+        if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
+          e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts.concat(c.chr) unless newopts.index(c.chr)}
+        else
+          newopts |= e[0]
+        end
+      }
+    }
+
+    if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
+      diff = false
+      @trace_opts.each_byte{|c| break if (diff = ! newopts.index(c))}
+      if diff
+        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'vdelete',
+                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+        @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
+        unless @trace_opts.empty?
+          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable',
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+        end
+      end
+    else
+      unless (@trace_opts - newopts).empty?
+        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'remove', 'variable',
+                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+        @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
+        unless @trace_opts.empty?
+          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'add', 'variable',
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    self
+  end
+  alias trace_delete  trace_remove
+  alias trace_vdelete trace_remove
+
+  def trace_remove_for_element(elem,opts,cmd)
+    if @elem
+      fail(RuntimeError,
+           "invalid for a TkVariable which denotes an element of Tcl's array")
+    end
+    return self unless @trace_elem.kind_of? Hash
+    return self unless @trace_elem[elem].kind_of? Array
+
+    opts = _check_trace_opt(opts)
+
+    idx = -1
+    if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
+      @trace_elem[elem].each_with_index{|e, i|
+        if idx < 0 && e[1] == cmd
+          diff = false
+          ['a', 'r', 'w', 'u'].each{|c|
+            break if (diff = e[0].index(c) ^ opts.index(c))
+          }
+          unless diff
+            #find
+            idx = i
+            next
+          end
+        end
+      }
+    else
+      @trace_elem[elem].each_with_index{|e, i|
+        if idx < 0 && e[1] == cmd &&
+            e[0].size == opts.size && (e[0] - opts).empty?
+          # find
+          idx = i
+          next
+        end
+      }
+    end
+
+    if idx >= 0
+      @trace_elem[elem].delete_at(idx)
+    else
+      return self
+    end
+
+    if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
+      newopts = ''
+      @trace_var.each{|e|
+        e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts.concat(c.chr) unless newopts.index(c.chr)}
+      }
+      @trace_elem.each{|elem|
+        @trace_elem[elem].each{|e|
+          e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts.concat(c.chr) unless newopts.index(c.chr)}
+        }
+      }
+    else
+      newopts = []
+      @trace_var.each{|e|
+        newopts |= e[0]
+      }
+      @trace_elem.each{|elem|
+        @trace_elem[elem].each{|e|
+          e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts.concat(c.chr) unless newopts.index(c.chr)}
+        }
+      }
+    end
+
+    if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
+      diff = false
+      @trace_opts.each_byte{|c| break if (diff = ! newopts.index(c))}
+      if diff
+        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'vdelete',
+                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+        @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
+        unless @trace_opts.empty?
+          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable',
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+        end
+      end
+    else
+      unless (@trace_opts - newopts).empty?
+        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'remove', 'variable',
+                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+        @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
+        unless @trace_opts.empty?
+          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'add', 'variable',
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    self
+  end
+  alias trace_delete_for_element  trace_remove_for_element
+  alias trace_vdelete_for_element trace_remove_for_element
+end
+
+class TkVarAccess<TkVariable
+  def self.new(name, *args)
+    if name.kind_of?(TkVariable)
+      name.value = args[0] unless args.empty?
+      return name
+    end
+
+    name = name.to_s
+    v = nil
+    TkVar_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
+      if v = TkVar_ID_TBL[name]
+        v.value = args[0] unless args.empty?
+        return v
+      else
+        (v = self.allocate).instance_eval{
+          @id = name
+          TkVar_ID_TBL[@id] = self
+          @var = @id
+        }
+      end
+    }
+
+    v.instance_eval{ initialize(name, *args) }
+    v
+  end
+
+  def self.new_hash(name, *args)
+    if name.kind_of?(TkVariable)
+      unless name.is_hash?
+        fail ArgumentError, "already exist as a scalar variable"
+      end
+      name.value = args[0] unless args.empty?
+      return name
+    end
+
+    name = name.to_s
+    v = nil
+    TkVar_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
+      if v = TkVar_ID_TBL[name]
+        unless v.is_hash?
+          fail ArgumentError, "already exist as a scalar variable"
+        end
+        v.value = args[0] unless args.empty?
+        return v
+      else
+        (v = self.allocate).instance_eval{
+          @id = name
+          TkVar_ID_TBL[@id] = self
+          @var = @id
+        }
+      end
+    }
+
+    INTERP._invoke_without_enc('global', name)
+    if args.empty? && INTERP._invoke_without_enc('array', 'exist', name) == '0'
+      v.instance_eval{ initialize(name, {}) }  # force creating
+    else
+      v.instance_eval{ initialize(name, *args) }
+    end
+    v
+  end
+
+  def initialize(varname, val=nil)
+    # @id = varname
+    # TkVar_ID_TBL[@id] = self
+
+    # @var  = @id
+    @elem = nil
+
+    @def_default = false
+    @default_val = nil
+
+    @trace_var  = nil
+    @trace_elem = nil
+    @trace_opts = nil
+
+    @type = nil
+    var = self
+    @element_type = Hash.new{|k,v| var.default_value_type }
+
+    # is an element?
+    if @id =~ /^([^(]+)\((.+)\)$/
+      # is an element --> var == $1, elem == $2
+      @var  = $1
+      @elem = $2
+    end
+
+    # teach Tk-ip that @id is global var
+    INTERP._invoke_without_enc('global', @var)
+=begin
+    begin
+      INTERP._invoke_without_enc('global', @id)
+    rescue => e
+      if @id =~ /^(.+)\([^()]+\)$/
+        # is an element --> varname == $1
+        INTERP._invoke_without_enc('global', $1)
+      else
+        fail e
+      end
+    end
+=end
+
+    if val
+      if val.kind_of?(Hash)
+        # assoc-array variable
+        self[''] = 0
+        self.clear
+      end
+      #s = '"' + _get_eval_string(val).gsub(/[\[\]$"]/, '\\\\\&') + '"' #"
+      #s = '"' + _get_eval_string(val).gsub(/[\[\]$"\\]/, '\\\\\&') + '"' #"
+      #INTERP._eval(Kernel.format('global %s; set %s %s', @id, @id, s))
+      #INTERP._set_global_var(@id, _toUTF8(_get_eval_string(val)))
+      self.value = val
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+module Tk
+  begin
+    INTERP._invoke_without_enc('global', 'auto_path')
+    auto_path = INTERP._invoke('set', 'auto_path')
+  rescue => e
+    begin
+      INTERP._invoke_without_enc('global', 'env')
+      auto_path = INTERP._invoke('set', 'env(TCLLIBPATH)')
+    rescue => e
+      auto_path = Tk::LIBRARY
+    end
+  end
+
+  AUTO_PATH = TkVarAccess.new('auto_path', auto_path)
+
+=begin
+  AUTO_OLDPATH = tk_split_simplelist(INTERP._invoke('set', 'auto_oldpath'))
+  AUTO_OLDPATH.each{|s| s.freeze}
+  AUTO_OLDPATH.freeze
+=end
+
+  TCL_PACKAGE_PATH = TkVarAccess.new('tcl_pkgPath')
+  PACKAGE_PATH = TCL_PACKAGE_PATH
+
+  TCL_LIBRARY_PATH = TkVarAccess.new('tcl_libPath')
+  LIBRARY_PATH = TCL_LIBRARY_PATH
+
+  TCL_PRECISION = TkVarAccess.new('tcl_precision')
+end